Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Using language（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版）

Section Ⅱ　Using language

[对应学生用书P94]

一、定语从句的基本概述

1．定语从句的定义

在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

2．定语从句的分类

(1)限制性定语从句：从句在意义上不可缺少，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义，从句和主句不用逗号分开。

(2)非限制性定语从句：用来补充说明先行词，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整，从句和主句往往用逗号隔开。

3．关系词的分类

关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as

关系副词：when，where，why

4．关系词的作用

(1)连接主句和从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在从句中充当句子成分。

二、关系代词的基本用法

关系代词替代指人或物的先行词并在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

 

The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.

在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。

The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.

老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

那个人的车坏了，他们都冲过去帮忙。

China is a country which has a long history.

中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesn't work today.

他昨天买的收音机今天坏了。

The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.

每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。

The managers discussed the plan that will be carried out the next year.

经理们讨论了将于明年执行的那项计划。

[即时演练1]——单句语法填空

(1)(2024·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place that/which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.

(2)The girl who/that graduated from Cambridge University is positive about her future.

(3)This is the person who/whom/that you can depend on when you are in trouble.

(4)Those who want to join in the activity sign up, please.

(5)A doctor with whom my father worked last year has gone abroad.

三、关系代词的选择

1．宜用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况

(1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。

This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。

(2)先行词是不定代词时，如all，little，few，much，everything，anything，nothing，none等。

Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said？李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？

All that can be done has been done.

所有能做的都做了。

(3)先行词被all，every，no，the only，the very，the last等修饰时。

I've read all the books that were borrowed from others.

我已经读了从别人那儿借来的所有的书。

The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.

她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。

I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.

我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔。

(4)当先行词既指人又指物时。

We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.

我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。

(5)当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句时。

Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?

你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？

2．宜用which不用that的情况

(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。

Football, which is an interesting game, is very popular all over the world.

足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界非常受欢迎。

(2)一个句子中含有两个定语从句，且先行词为物时，其中一个关系代词是that，那么另一个关系代词宜用which。

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened.

我给你看看这本我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。

3．宜用who不用that的情况

先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one，anyone，no one，all，nobody，anybody，none等，或先行词为指人的those时。

The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well.

你应该向那个学习努力而且学习好的学生学习。

[即时演练2]——单句语法填空

(1)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in