Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Using language（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版）

Section Ⅱ　Using language [对应学生用书P94] 一、定语从句的基本概述 1．定语从句的定义 在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 2．定语从句的分类 (1)限制性定语从句：从句在意义上不可缺少，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义，从句和主句不用逗号分开。 (2)非限制性定语从句：用来补充说明先行词，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整，从句和主句往往用逗号隔开。 3．关系词的分类 关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as 关系副词：when，where，why 4．关系词的作用 (1)连接主句和从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在从句中充当句子成分。 二、关系代词的基本用法 关系代词替代指人或物的先行词并在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 关系代词 先行词 关系代词在从句中充当的句子成分 注意 who 指人 主语或宾语 作宾语时一般可以省略 whom 指人 宾语 可省略，也可用who代替 whose 指人 或物 定语 —— which 指物 主语或宾语 作宾语时一般可省略 that 指人 或物 主语、宾语或表语 作宾语时一般可省略，指人时一般可用who替代，指物时一般可用which替代 The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now. 在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。 The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那个人的车坏了，他们都冲过去帮忙。 China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesn't work today. 他昨天买的收音机今天坏了。 The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。 The managers discussed the plan that will be carried out the next year. 经理们讨论了将于明年执行的那项计划。 [即时演练1]——单句语法填空 (1)(2024·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place that/which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life. (2)The girl who/that graduated from Cambridge University is positive about her future. (3)This is the person who/whom/that you can depend on when you are in trouble. (4)Those who want to join in the activity sign up, please. (5)A doctor with whom my father worked last year has gone abroad. 三、关系代词的选择 1．宜用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。 (2)先行词是不定代词时，如all，little，few，much，everything，anything，nothing，none等。 Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said？李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做了。 (3)先行词被all，every，no，the only，the very，the last等修饰时。 I've read all the books that were borrowed from others. 我已经读了从别人那儿借来的所有的书。 The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help. 她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。 I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday. 我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔。 (4)当先行词既指人又指物时。 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember. 我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 (5)当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing? 你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？ 2．宜用which不用that的情况 (1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 Football, which is an interesting game, is very popular all over the world. 足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界非常受欢迎。 (2)一个句子中含有两个定语从句，且先行词为物时，其中一个关系代词是that，那么另一个关系代词宜用which。 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened. 我给你看看这本我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。 3．宜用who不用that的情况 先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one，anyone，no one，all，nobody，anybody，none等，或先行词为指人的those时。 The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well. 你应该向那个学习努力而且学习好的学生学习。 [即时演练2]——单句语法填空 (1)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (2)This is the most exciting football game that I have seen so far.The players are all excellent and the action is non-stop. (3)The only thing that matters is your attitude. (4)Of all my teachers, Mr Smith is the one who impresses me most. (5)She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in. (6)The most important form of energy is electrical energy, which is widely used in our daily life. 四、定语从句中的主谓一致 一般情况下，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的人称和数一般与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 The books that were sold out in two weeks were all written by Tom. 两周内卖光的那些书都是汤姆写的。 I'm fond of the piece of music which was played by Jenny. 我喜欢珍妮弹的那首曲子。 [温馨提示]　“one of＋可数名词复数＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；而“the only one of ＋可数名词复数＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 He is the only one of the players who is presented with the medal. 他是唯一被授予奖章的运动员。 He is one of the players who are presented with the medal. 他是被授予奖章的运动员之一。 [即时演练3]——单句语法填空 (1)Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who wears (wear) evening dress. (2)I have finished reading all the books that were borrowed(borrow) from the library. (3)Do you know the man who is talking (talk)with your mother at present? [对应学生用书P97] inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的(→inspire vt.激励，鼓舞；启发；给……灵感→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的→inspiration n.灵感，鼓舞) inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 (教材原句)Lucy is a smart girl.Her ideas are always inspiring. 露西是个机灵的姑娘。她的想法总是鼓舞人心。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Inspired(inspire) by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.(2022·全国甲卷) (2)His speech was so inspiring(inspire) that his students were inspired to study (study) harder than ever before. (3)These small studies provide inspiration(inspire) and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) (4)为了激励年轻人保护环境和动物，我们学校将发起一项名为“绿色行动”的活动，旨在鼓励他们采取积极行动，实现可持续性发展。 To inspire young people to protect the environment and animals, our school will launch a campaign called “Green Action”， which aims to encourage them to take positive actions to achieve sustainable development.(应用文写作之通知) comfort n.[U]安慰；慰藉；[C]令人感到安慰的人或事物 vt.安慰(→comfortable adj.安慰的，舒适的→comfortably adv.舒服地，舒适地) in comfort 舒适地 It is a comfort to do... 做……是件令人感到安慰的事。 (教材原句)...one glass of comfort, two drops of patience, one bag of passion... ……一杯安慰，两滴耐心，一袋激情…… [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable(comfort) climate for business creation. (2)This kind of chair will enable the audience to sit comfortably(comfort) while they are watching the shows. (3)Surely there is some way of ordering our busy lives so that we can live in comfort and find spiritual harmony too. (4)每当她心烦意乱时， 就会去向她的妈妈寻求安慰和建议。 Whenever she was upset, she would turn to her mother for comfort and advice．(续写佳句之细节描写) patience n.耐心；忍耐；忍受(→patient adj.耐心的；能忍受的n.病人→impatient adj.不耐烦的；没有耐心的→impatience n.不耐烦；无耐心) (1)take patience to do sth 有耐心做某事 lose patience with... 对……失去耐心 with patience＝patiently 耐心地 (2)be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 be patient of sth 忍受/忍耐某事 (教材原句)...one glass of comfort, two drops of patience, one bag of passion... ……一杯安慰，两滴耐心，一袋激情…… [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)I'm losing patience with you and I have no patience to talk(talk) about the topic. (2)When we make mistakes, our teacher always tells us where we are wrong kindly and patiently(patient). (3)我把手掌放在他的背上，耐心地拍了拍，说服他参加比赛。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写) I put my palm on his back，patted patiently/with patience and persuaded him to take part in the competition.(续写佳句之动作描写) anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的(→anxiety n.焦虑，忧虑，担心→anxiously adv.焦急地；忧虑地；渴望地) (1)be anxious about sth 为某事担心/担忧 be anxious for sth /to do sth 渴望某物/做某事 be anxious that... 希望…… (2)with anxiety 焦虑地 (教材原句)the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry 一种在没有焦虑或生气的情况下等待的能力 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)When I was fourteen，I was so anxious to see(see) more art that a friend of mine and I bicycled across the Alps to see Venice.(2022·全国乙卷) (2)She took the dress out of the package and tried it on anxiously (anxious), only to find it didn't fit. (3)It has been pointed out that what plays an important role in driving away one's anxiety(anxious) is one's sweet childhood memories. (4)看到他的脸充满了焦虑，我感到难过，决定和他说些什么。 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写) Seeing his face filled with anxiety/full of anxiety，I felt sad，deciding to say something to him.(分词作状语)(续写佳句之情绪描写) [对应学生用书P98] Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空 1．This is the very hotel that I stayed at when I was travelling here. 2．Do you know the lady that/whom/who our English teacher is talking to now? 3．It is the most amazing building that Tom has seen ever since he came here. 4．We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which were written in the Tang Dynasty. 5．When facing hardships, only those who are confident will achieve success. 6．They planted some trees which/that didn't need much water. 7．She would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease. 8．We're collecting money for those whose homes were destroyed by the hurricane (飓风). 9．Anyone who has helped to rescue the drowning girl is worth praising. 10．I missed the teachers and the kindergarten that my parents thought highly of. Ⅱ.用关系代词引导的定语从句合并句子 1．I have a friend.He likes listening to classical music. →I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music. 2．Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her. →Last week Mary wore the dress that/which I gave to her. 3．I'd like a room.Its window looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 4．She wants to visit the village.Her mother likes it best. →She wants to visit the village that/which her mother likes best. 5．The old man likes reading the newspaper every day.It contains important information. →The old man likes reading the newspaper that/which contains important information every day. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$