Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Using language（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版）

Section Ⅱ　Using language [对应学生用书P65] 一、一般现在时(主语＋am/is/are＋表语；主语＋do/does) 1．表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与often，usually，always，sometimes，never，every day，once a month等时间状语连用。 He goes to school at seven o'clock every day. 他每天七点钟去上学。 We like communicating with our friends online now. 现在我们喜欢在网上和朋友们交流。 2．表示普遍真理、客观事实等，也可用在格言警句中。 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。 China lies in the east of Asia. 中国位于亚洲的东部。 3．特殊用法：表示将来 (1)表示按规定或时刻表将要发生的动作，仅限少数动词(短语)。如begin，come，go，leave，start，arrive，end，return，take off等。 Our summer vacation begins in early July. 我们的暑假七月初开始。 The train for Beijing leaves at 8：00 in the morning. 开往北京的列车于早上8点发车。 (2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 We'll let you know the good news as soon as you arrive. 你一到我们就告诉你这个好消息。 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。 [温馨提示]　动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 一般情况(包括“元音字母＋y”结尾的词) 在词尾加-s run—runs ask—asks live—lives play—plays 以ch，sh，s，z，x或o结尾的词 在词尾加-es teach—teaches finish—finishes fix—fixes do—does 以辅音字母＋y结尾的词 去掉y，加上-ies try—tries study—studies worry—worries [即时演练1]——单句语法填空 (1)On Monday morning it usually takes(take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. (2)If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll find probably a solution that suits(suit) everyone. (3)I learned that the earth goes(go) around the sun when I was in primary school. (4)I don't know whether my sister will come; if she comes (come)，I will let you know. 二、现在进行时(主语＋am/is/are＋现在分词) 1．表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now，at the moment等连用。 I am writing a letter now.Will you please turn down the radio？我正在写信，请你把收音机的音量调小一点儿，好吗？ 2．表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定进行的动作。 How are you getting on with your study these days? 近来你的学习怎样？ 3．表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等，常与always，constantly，continually等副词连用。 He is always asking such simple questions. 他总是问这种简单的问题。 He is always thinking more of others than of himself. 他总是为别人考虑得多，为自己考虑得少。 4．特殊用法：表示将要发生的动作 go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，take off等趋向性动词的现在进行时可以表示按最近的计划或安排将要发生的动作。 Mr White is leaving for Beijing in a few days. 几天后，怀特先生将动身去北京。 [即时演练2]——单句语法填空 (1)Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt.The plane is taking(take) off. (2)Since it is raining(rain) hard now, you may as well stay here until it stops. (3)The professor is writing(write) a book about Chinese history these days. 三、现在完成时(主语＋have/has＋过去分词) 1．表示动作发生在过去，现在已完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last (past) few years，up to now，till now，so far等连用。 In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental protection. 在过去几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。 2．表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，现在未完成，还有可能继续持续下去，常与these days, recently, for＋一段时间，since＋时间点等连用。 He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在这里工作已有20多年了。 He has lived in London since 2023. 自从2023年以来他就住在伦敦。 3．现在完成时的常用固定句型： (1)在“This/It is the first/second...time＋that从句”结构中，that从句一般用现在完成时。 This is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall.这是我第一次参观长城。 (2)在“This/It is the＋序数词/形容词最高级＋名词＋that 从句”结构中，that从句用现在完成时。 This is the most interesting film that he has watched. 这是他看过的最有趣的电影。 [即时演练3]——单句语法填空 (1)(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years，Cao has walked (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. (2)(2022·北京卷)The use of those plastics has increased (increase) by 300% since 2019. (3)This is the first time that I have been invited(invite) to London, where I am looking forward to experiencing the culture and history of this great city. (4)The musician along with his band members has given(give) ten performances in the last three months. 四、一般过去时(主语＋was/were＋表语或主语＋did) 1．一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间发生的动作或者状态。常与in +年份，then，at that time，just now，a moment ago，the other day，in the past，at one time，three days ago，last year，yesterday等时间状语连用。 Tom wanted to help us yesterday, but he was very busy. 汤姆昨天想帮助我们，但他太忙了。 2．表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作，常与often，always，usually等表示频度的时间状语连用。 During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day. 他在中学时代几乎天天踢足球。 3．有些情况，虽然没有明确表示过去的时间状语，但可根据语境判断出动作发生在过去，应用过去时态。 Your phone number again, please.I didn't quite catch it. 请再说一遍你的电话号码。我没有听清楚。 [温馨提示]　(1)动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则 一般情况 加-ed delay—delayed call—called 以e结尾 加-d agree—agreed hate—hated 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾(但以“元音字母＋y”结尾的动词要直接加-ed) 去掉y，加上-ied cry—cried carry—carried try—tried worry—worried “一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”结尾，又是重读闭音节时 最后一个辅音字母双写，再加上-ed beg—begged stop—stopped (2)辨析比较一般过去时/现在完成时 一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，与现在无关，属于过去时态的范畴，不强调对现在产生的影响，常与确定的过去时间状语连用；现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，属于现在时态的范畴，不与表示过去的时间状语连用。 He once lived in London for many years, but he has never regretted his final decision to move back to China. 他曾经在伦敦生活多年，但是他从来没后悔过最终搬回中国的决定。 [即时演练4]——单句语法填空 (1)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl，I wished(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. (2)(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.He quickly threw(throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. (3)You can't help wondering how hard it was(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. (4)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr Smith fell(fall) in love with the people and culture there. 五、一般将来时(主语＋will/shall＋动词原形) 1．表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow，next week，in the future，in a few days 等时间状语连用。 Next month we will have our school open day. 下个月我们将迎来学校开放日。 They will probably go to Shanghai for their holiday. 他们可能要去上海度假。 [温馨提示]　(1)will 可以表示根据当时的情况所做的临时的打算。 —Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. ——杰克逊博士现在不在他的办公室里。 —All right.I will call him later. ——好的。我晚些时候给他打电话。 (2)在if引导的条件状语从句中使用 will，不表示将来，而表示意愿。 If you will listen to me, I'll tell you the secret. 如果你愿意听我说，我就告诉你这个秘密。(从句中的 will 是情态动词，表示意愿) 2．be going to do表示按计划、打算要做某事，此外，还可以表示根据某些迹象判断将要发生的事情。 I am going to meet Mr Smith at the airport at 8：30 tonight. 今晚八点半我将在机场接史密斯先生。 Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。 3．be about to do表示即将发生的将来动作，常用于“be about to do...when...”句型，意为“正要做……，这时(突然)……”。 I was about to go to have dinner when he called me up. 我正要吃饭，这时他给我打电话了。 4．be to do表示按照约定、职责、义务或要求等即将发生的动作。 We are to meet at the school gate at six in the morning. 我们定于早晨6点在学校门口碰头。 [即时演练5]——单句语法填空 (1)We will go (go) out for a picnic this weekend.Would you like to attend it? (2)—What are you going to do this afternoon? —I am going to watch(watch) a film with some friends. (3)Attention, please! We are about to start(start) our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building. (4)You are to hand(hand) in the exercises tomorrow. [对应学生用书P69] [核心词汇·练透] responsible adj.(对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的，应承担责任的(→responsibility n.责任，职责) (1)be responsible for (doing) sth 对(做)某事负责 (2)a sense of responsibility 责任感 take responsibility for... 为……负责 (教材原句)Who's responsible？ 谁负责呢？ [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)It's the police's responsibility to protect(protect) the travellers, so they should be responsible for the accidents that happen to them. (2)Taking responsibility(responsible) for mistakes is a positive step，but don't beat yourself up about them.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) aim vt.力求达到；目的是，旨在；针对；瞄准 n.[C]目标，目的；[U] 瞄准(→aimless adj.漫无目的的) (1)aim to do sth ＝aim at doing sth 目标是/旨在/力争做某事 aim...at... 把……瞄准…… be aimed at... 针对……；旨在…… (2)achieve/realize one's aim 实现目标 with the aim of... 为了…… (教材原句)It aims to deepen people's understanding of issues that are related to families. 它力求加深人们对有关家庭问题的了解。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The program aims to help(help) students develop science skills，environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) (2)Jane moved aimlessly(aim) down the tree-lined street，not knowing where she was heading. (3)Aimed (aim) at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking, this activity is very popular. (4)为了促进对中国优秀传统文化的了解，我们将举办一次剪纸艺术展。 A paper-cutting exhibition will be held with the aim of promoting the understanding of excellent traditional Chinese culture by us.(应用文写作之通知/活动介绍) be related to与……有关(→relation n.[U]关系；[C]亲属→relationship n.关系) relate...to/with...　把……与……联系起来 relate to...　涉及；与……相关 (教材原句)It aims to deepen people's understanding of issues that are related to families. 它力求加深人们对有关家庭问题的了解。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Over 28 states have passed laws related (relate) to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.(2024·浙江卷1月) (2)In our daily life, people always relate living conditions to/with the happiness index(指数). (3)The relation(relate) between the original book and this new film is very little. (4)我们学校将要举行一次与中国传统文化有关的主题班会。我写信来寻求你宝贵的建议。 Our school is going to hold a theme class meeting(that/which is) related to traditional Chinese culture．I'm writing to ask for your valuable advice.(应用文写作之求助信) observe v.庆祝，过(节日、生日等); 注意到，观察； 遵守(→observation n.注意，观察) observe sb do sth　看到某人做某事 observe sb doing sth　看到某人正在做某事 (教材原句)With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organised at local, national and international levels. 每年的都有不同的主题，在当地、国家和国际分别组织各种各样的庆祝活动来庆祝这一天。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The old woman sat in her usual chair and observed her grandchildren playing(play) in the backyard. (2)A stranger was observed to enter(enter) the building a moment ago, but he didn't see clearly who he was. (3)Most information was collected by direct observation(observe) of the animals' behavior. (4)你能说一说中国人是如何过中秋节的吗？ Can you say something about how the Chinese observe the Mid­Autumn Festival？(应用文写作之求助信) range n.一系列；山脉；范围；种类vi.在某范围内变化；变动 (1)a range of 一系列 a wide range of　各种各样的 in/within range　在范围内 beyond/out of range　在范围外 (2)range from...to...＝range between...and...　在……范围内变化 (教材原句)With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organised at local, national and international levels. 每年的都有不同的主题，在当地、国家和国际分别组织各种各样的庆祝活动来庆祝这一天。 [练通]——单句语法填空/词汇升级 (1)The show had a massive audience, ranging(range) from children to grandparents. (2)The price of the car ranges between 20，000 dollars and 30，000 dollars, which is within/in his range, so he decides to buy it at once. (3)In addition to these traditional activities，we have many different choices such as traveling and visiting our relatives or friends. →In addition to these traditional activities，we have a wide range of choices such as traveling and visiting our relatives or friends. apologise v.道歉(→apology n.道歉) (1)apologise to sb for doing sth 因做某事向某人道歉 (2)make an apology to sb for sth 因某事向某人道歉 accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉 owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉 (教材原句)Act out the conversation to apologise to a family member. 表演对话，向家人道歉。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The teacher made a suggestion that the boy apologise to his classmate for his bad behaviour. (2)I'm writing to express my heartfelt apology(apologise) to you for my failing to hang out with you this weekend as scheduled. (3)他心中充满了后悔，为自己所做的事情道歉，承认自己犯了错误，并承诺不再重复。 His heart filled with regret, he apologised for what he had done, admitting that he had made a mistake and promising not to repeat it.(续写佳句之心理描写) [重点句型·通关] I wish＋宾语从句 意为“但愿……” wish后跟宾语从句表虚拟语气时，从句中的谓语形式如下： (1)did/were(表示与现在事实相反的愿望)； (2)had done/been(表示与过去事实相反的愿望)； (3)would/could/might＋动词原形(表示与将来事实相反的愿望) (教材原句)I wish she had come! 我希望她来了！ [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I danced(dance) as well as her. (2)I wish I had been(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. (3)我希望你能够抓住这个机会进一步学习中国的传统文化。 I wish that you could/might/would grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further．(应用文佳句之邀请信) [对应学生用书P72] Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．We will put off the picnic till next weekend if it rains (rain) tomorrow. 2．The ship leaves (leave) the port at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning. 3．—I thought I had reminded you to take out the rubbish. —Oh, I forgot.I will do (do) it right now. 4．The meeting began(begin) smoothly, but then things started to go wrong. 5．Hurry up, Peter! The taxi is waiting (wait) for us at the gate of the hotel. 6．Progress has been(be) so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. 7．This is the first time I have come (come) to Chengdu and I am deeply impressed with its delicious food. 8．He is going to visit his grandparents as soon as he arrives (arrive) in Beijing. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．业余时间我经常看书，这有助于我放松并拓宽我的视野。 I often read books in my spare time, which helps me to relax and broaden my horizons. 2．除了汤姆之外所有的同学正在教室里复习功课。 All the classmates except Tom are reviewing the lesson in the classroom now. 3．我认为如果你向他们寻求如何实现目标的建议，他们会很热心地帮助你。 I think they will help you enthusiastically if you ask for their advice on how to achieve your goals. 4．在她通过了那次很难的考试之后，她感到如释重负。 After she had passed the difficult exam，she felt a great sense of relief． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$