Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦限制性定语从句核心知识点，系统梳理关系代词who, whom, whose（指人及所属关系）、which（指物）、that（人/物及特殊用法）的指代规则与从句成分，衔接词汇supply和survive的用法及搭配，构建语法与词汇联动的学习支架。 资料通过分层讲解（基础用法到只用that的特殊情况）、即时训练（填空、合并句子等）及错误辨析（如关系代词重复使用的正误对比），提升学生语言能力（例句理解与表达）和思维品质（比较分析用法差异）。课中辅助教师清晰授课，课后通过词汇多译练习（如supply的两种表达）帮助学生查漏补缺，强化学习效果。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures [对应学生用书P93] 限制性定语从句(1) 一、关系代词who，whom，whose引导的定语从句 1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语。先行词为指人的词(包括人名)、拟人化的动物和指人的人称代词或不定代词all，those，few，one等。 ① The number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100. 在那次灾难中丧生的人数超过了100。 ②My teacher who had always believed in me，was proud of my achievement.(作主语) 老师一直相信我，为我的成就感到骄傲。 ③Danny was the man (who) we rescued from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。 2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，若在从句中作介词的宾语，介词可用于whom之前，也可以位于句末。 ①Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。 ②There are many people with whom you can share your feelings. 你可以与许多人分享自己的感受。 3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语，常与它所修饰的名词一起出现在从句的句首。 ①I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake. 我认识那个在地震中被摧毁了房子的人。 ②He lives in a house whose garden is attractive. 他住在一个有着美丽花园的房子里。 [即时训练1]　用关系代词填空 ①Those who want to join in the activity sign up，please. ②A doctor with whom my father worked last year has gone abroad. ③Any student whose family is too poor to let him go to school can get help from the government. ④I'd really like to find a friend whom I can trust completely. 二、which和that引导的定语从句 1．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，或在从句中作介词的宾语。先行词为表示事物或动物的名词或表示职业的名词。 ①The young man was very happy to find the gold ring (which) he had lost. 那个年轻人找到了丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。 ②Everywhere I saw，there were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake. 我目光所及之处都是被地震毁掉的建筑。 ③Houses which overlook the lake cost more. 俯瞰湖泊的房子要价高些。 2．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。先行词是表示人(不包括人名)、事物或动物的名词。习惯上指人多用who/whom，指物多用which。 ①He is the only student that understands English well.(that指人，作主语) 他是唯一一位会英语的学生。 ②There is one thing that keeps me worried.(that指物，作主语) 有一件事一直使我不安。 (1)关系代词指代先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 误：The film (that/which)we saw it last night is very frightening. 正：The film (that/which)we saw last night is very frightening. (2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。 Is that the girl (whom/who/that)you referred to the other day? 那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？ [即时训练2]　用关系代词填空 ①The old town has narrow streets and small houses that/which are built close to each other. ②There are some athletes who/whom/that I want you to meet. ③Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago? 三、关系词只用that而不用which的情况 1．当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，much等不定代词时。 ①Nothing that has been learnt is ever completely forgotten. 任何学过的东西绝不会全部忘记。 ②All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做了。 2．当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 ①The first place that they visited in Beijing was the Forbidden City. 在北京他们参观的第一个地方是故宫。 ②This is the best way that is used to solve the problem. 这是用来解决这个问题的最好的办法。 3．当先行词被all，every，no，any，the only，the very，the last等修饰时。 ①I have returned all the books that I borrowed from the library. 我已经归还了所有我从图书馆借的书。 ②The only thing that she could do was turn to others for help. 她唯一能做的事就是去求助他人。 ③It is the very book that I want to read. 这正是我想读的书。 4．当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 She took photos of the persons and things that she was interested in. 她把她所感兴趣的人和物拍摄下来了。 [即时训练3]　完成句子 ①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。 This is the most beautiful park that I have visited． ②李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? ③聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。 Chatting was the only thing that interested her most. [对应学生用书P95] supply n.供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给 (1)a good/large supply of　大量的/充足的供应 in short supply　供应不足 (2) 　把某物提供/供应给某人/某物 [经典佳句]　The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The natural resources，such as coal and oil，are in short supply in this country. ②At the beginning of the term，students are supplied (supply)with all kinds of books to read. ③在可怕的地震之后，我们给无家可归的人提供了食物和衣服。 A．After the terrible earthquake，we supplied food and clothes to the homeless. B．After the terrible earthquake，we supplied the homeless with food and clothes. survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 survive sth　幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来 survive from...　从……留存下来 survive sb by...　比某人多活…… survive on...　依靠……生存 [经典佳句]　She's feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. 她正在喂那个从地震中幸存的婴儿。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①To survive (survive)an earthquake，you need to prepare some water on hand. ②The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers by ten years. ③One of the survivors (survive)of the car crash was very calm and he helped other 3 passengers out of danger. ④有些传统的风俗是从早期遗留下来的。 Some traditional customs have survived from earlier times． [对应学生用书P95] Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空 1．This is the very hotel that I stayed at when I was travelling here. 2．He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn. 3．It is the most amazing building that Daming has seen ever since he came here. 4．We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which were written in the Tang Dynasty. 5．She is one of the girls who/that have passed the exam. 6．I talked with the man whose house was destroyed in the flood. Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子 1．Lu Xun's works are considered great.We are familiar with the works. Lu Xun's works that/which we are familiar with are considered great. 2．They'll reach the sales goal in two months.At the beginning of the year they set the sales goal. They'll reach the sales goal in two months that/which they set at the beginning of the year. 3．I live next door to a couple.The couple's children often make a lot of noise. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 4．I will remember the day forever.We spent it together in the city. I will remember the day forever that/which we spent together in the city. 5．The old building is now under repair.Its roof was damaged in a rainstorm. The old building whose roof was damaged in a rainstorm is now under repair. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$