Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

本讲义围绕“唐山地震”主题展开阅读理解与语言知识学习，系统梳理从语篇主旨、段落大意到词汇（如ruin, shock, trap）、句型（too...to..., as if从句）及修辞手法（暗喻、夸张、拟人）的知识脉络，构建“语篇理解-语言解析-应用练习”的学习支架。 该资料融合语篇分析与语言知识，通过阅读理解题培养语言理解能力，借助修辞（如“Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.”暗喻）和句型转换练习提升思维品质，多样化词汇句型训练发展学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后“核心词汇·练透”“重点句型·通关”帮助学生查漏补缺。

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking [对应学生用书P88] 1．What's the main idea of the text? A．A terrible earthquake of Tangshan. B．Before the earthquake of Tangshan. C．During the earthquake of Tangshan. D．Damages of the earthquake of Tangshan. 答案　A 2．Skim the text and fill in the blanks. Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．People's life before the earthquake. B．Warning signs before the earthquake. C．People's reactions before the earthquake. D．The reasons why the earthquake happened. 2．Why does the author use the figures in paragraphs 2 and 3? A．To stress the damage levels of the earthquake. B．To explain the details of the earthquake. C．To show the speed of the earthquake. D．To describe the people's helplessness. 3．What's the meaning of the sentence “Slowly，the city began to breathe again.”？ A．People weren't sad any more. B．The life in Tangshan began to return to normal. C.The earthquake finally came to an end. D．Those who were trapped were saved. 4．What is the mood(语气)of this passage? A．Calm. B．Pessimistic(悲观的). C．Serious but hopeful. D．Heartbroken but cautious(谨慎的). 答案　1～4 BABC 作者在下面的句子中使用了什么修辞手法？ 1．Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.暗喻 2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.夸张 3．Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.拟人 1．Eleven kilometres directly below the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. [句式分析]　主干句为“one of the most deadly earthquakes...in Beijing”；a quake是同位语，后面是that引导的定语从句。 [尝试翻译]　二十世纪最致命的地震之一就在该市正下方11千米处发生了，地震甚至对150多千米外的北京造成了破坏。 2．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. [句式分析]　主干句为“the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan”；不定式短语“to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead”作目的状语，其中“who were trapped”为定语从句。 [尝试翻译]　地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。 [核心词汇·练透] [对应学生用书P89] ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏 (1)be/lie in ruins　　 成为废墟；毁灭 (2)ruin one's hope/future/health　毁掉某人的希望/将来/健康 ruin oneself　自我毁灭 [经典佳句]　In less than one minute，a large city lay in ruins. 在不到一分钟的时间里，一座巨大的城市沦为废墟。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Heavy smoking ruins (ruin)your health，so you should give up smoking. ②If you don't give up the computer games，you'll ruin yourself (you). ③地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜难眠。 The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，which made us awake all night. shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊 (1)a great shock to sb 　 对某人来说是极大的震惊 in shock　震惊；吃惊 to one's shock　令某人震惊的是 (2)shocked adj.　震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked at/by　对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth　震惊地做某事 (3)shocking adj.　令人震惊的 [经典佳句]　To my shock，memory flooded back when I visited the stadium once again.(读后续写之心理描写) 令我震惊的是，当我重游体育馆时，回忆涌上了心头。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Jane was shocked to find (find)that she was lost in the forest and she couldn't help crying. ②The news of his sudden death is so shocking that everyone is greatly shocked at it.(shock) ③Hearing the story her mom told her，she wore a shocked (shock)expression. ④当他终于苏醒过来时，他震惊地看着我们，对事故一无所知。(读后续写之恐惧描写) When he finally came to himself，he looked at us in shock，knowing nothing about the accident. trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱 (1)be trapped in...　困在……中；陷在……中 trap sb into doing sth　诱使某人做某事 (2)fall into a trap　落入圈套 [经典佳句]　When we were trapped by the rising flood water，the firefighters rescued us successfully. 当我们被上涨的洪水困住时，消防员成功地把我们救了出来。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Fortunately，help came soon.Soldiers came and took trapped (trap)people to a safe place. ②By clever questioning they trapped him into telling the truth. ③The young man was trapped in the building，and he felt very helpless. →Trapped in the building，the young man felt very helpless.(过去分词短语作状语) bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心 (1)be buried under/in...　被埋在…… bury one's face/head in one's hands　双手掩面/捂头 (2)　埋头于/专心于…… [经典佳句]　She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news. 当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。 [即时训练]　一句多译 玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职工作。 A．Buried in her graduation paper，Mary has no time to do a part-time job. B．Burying herself in her graduation paper，Mary has no time to do a part-time job. C．Because she was buried in her graduation paper，Mary has no time to do a part-time job. effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 be worth the effort　值得努力 make efforts/an effort/every effort to do sth　尽一切努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth　不遗余力做某事 with/without effort　费力地/毫不费力地 [经典佳句]　We should spare no effort to protect our environment from being polluted.(应用文之建议信) 我们应该尽全力保护我们的环境免于被污染。 [即时训练]　完成句子 ①在共同的努力下，我相信我们一定会让世界变得更美好。 With joint efforts，I believe that we are sure to make the world a better place. ②我将尽全力帮助那些处在困境中的同学。 I will make every effort/spare no effort to help those students who are in trouble. ③我的确相信你的努力迟早会得到回报。(祝贺信) I do believe that all your efforts will pay off sooner or later. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 (1)suffer from...　 　患……病；因……而受苦 (2)suffer losses/pains　遭受损失/痛苦 (3)suffering n.　苦难，痛苦 sufferer n.　受难者 [经典佳句]　As far as I know，he has ever suffered from a serious illness. 据我所知，他曾患有重病。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She suffered (suffer) from the gossip of her neighbors. ②She received many letters of support from some cancer sufferers(suffer). ③She was really suffering(suffer). ④很明显，我们的地球正在遭受严重的破坏。 It is obvious that our earth is suffering serious damage． [重点句型·通关] [对应学生用书P91] 教材原句：Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。 “too...to...”意为“太……而不能……” (1)“too＋adj./adv.＋for sb to do sth”意为“对某人来说太……而不能做某事”，表示否定意义； (2)“too＋glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious＋to do sth” 表示肯定意义。 [句式分析]　too＋形容词＋to...太……而不能 [即时训练]　完成句子/句型转换 ①这个问题太难了，我解决不了。 The problem is too difficult for me to settle． ②我很高兴能帮你完成申请信。 I am only too pleased to help you with your application letter. ③I was so young that I couldn't understand the meaning of the film. →I was too young to understand the meaning of the film. 教材原句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！ [句式分析]　as if/though似乎；好像；仿佛，引导表语从句和方式状语从句 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The captain treats me as if I were (be)his own daughter. ②Tom and his new friend talked as though they had been (be) friends for years. ③He opened his mouth as if he would say (say) something. ④看起来似乎他并不在乎身边的一切。 It seemed as if/though he didn't care about everything around him. 教材原句：Water，food，and electricity were hard to get．水、食物和电很难获得。 动词不定式主动形式表被动含义。若动词不定式为不及物动词，应在其后面加上适当的介词。常用的形容词有hard，difficult，easy，important，interesting，necessary，pleasant，comfortable。 [句式分析]　主语＋be＋形容词＋to do [即时训练]　完成句子 ①据我所知，这个老板很难相处。 As far as I know，the boss is difficult to get along with． ②今天的作业容易做，因此迈克很快完成作业出去玩了。 Today's homework was easy to do，so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play. ③房子虽小，但住着很舒服。 Though small，the house is comfortable to live in． [对应学生用书P92] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．look for places to hide 寻找藏身之所 2．be asleep as usual 像往常一样沉睡 3．come to an end 结束 4．eight kilometres long 八千米长 5．30 metres wide 30米宽 6．in less than one minute 在不到一分钟的时间里 7．bury the dead 埋葬遇难者 8．provide medical care 提供医疗护理 9．build shelters for survivors 为幸存者建造避难所 10．start to revive itself 开始自我复苏 11．get back up on one's feet 重新站起来 12．become a home to 成为……的家园 13．rebuild for a brighter future 重建更光明的未来 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．We moved into a small room with electricity (电) but no running water. 2．Hearing the bad news，she buried (遮盖) her face in her hands and cried. 3．Two passengers are still trapped (困住) in the wreck. 4．A terrible earthquake left the whole town in ruins (成为废墟). 5．The party is coming to an end (即将结束了) and we are going to leave. 6．It looks as if/though (好像) he won't arrive on time. 7．Two thirds of the students (三分之二的学生) have taken part in the physical activity. 8．Everywhere he travels (无论他去哪里旅行)，the manager takes amazing photos of sights. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$