Unit 4 Section 3 Discovering Useful Structures（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

[对应知能达标训练P64] Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空 1．This is the very plan for the summer holiday that was suggested by his father. 2．Lisa is an outstanding graduate whose life stories have greatly inspired her fellow schoolmates. 3．It is a pity that you have missed the wonderful lecture. 4．Natural disasters that/which may cause damage mainly include floods，droughts，hurricanes，landslides and volcanic eruptions. 5．The dogs were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals. 6．The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience which/that my great-grandma cannot forget. 7．We should focus on making full use of the limited food and water that/which we have. 8．She would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease. 9．We chose not to live in the house whose window was damaged by the hurricane. 10．The research finds that people who/that keep fit are more likely to be positive about life. 11．All the things that he saw in the earthquake came as a shock to me. 12．The flood destroyed all the books that were put on the first floor. 13．Anyone who has helped to rescue the drowning girl is worth praising. 14．The boy and the dog that are in the picture look very lovely. 15．I got in touch with Michael whom/that/who I have been losing contact with for one year. Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子 1．I prefer a sandwich.A sandwich is really delicious. →I prefer a sandwich that/which is really delicious． 2．My grandparents live in a house.It is more than 30 years old. →My grandparents live in a house which/that is more than 30 years old． 3．I don't know the man.The man spoke to the headmaster. →I don't know the man who/that spoke to the headmaster． 4．She is an excellent student.She speaks English very well. →She is an excellent student who/that speaks English very well． 5．The girl is from America.Her father is a great scientist. →The girl whose father is a great scientist is from America. 6．Success is something.It is only earned after much labor. →Success is something that is only earned after much labor． 7．The writer and his novel are really well-known.You have just talked about them. →The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well-known. 8．The volcanic eruption damaged a lot of farmland and destroyed many houses.The volcanic eruption happened last year. →The volcanic eruption that/which happened last year damaged a lot of farmland and destroyed many houses. Ⅲ.用定语从句完成句子 1．那些留在避难所的人正在等待直升机运送物资。 Those who stayed in the shelter were waiting for the helicopter to deliver supplies. 2．每个人在面对紧急情况时都应保持镇定。 Everyone who faces an emergency should keep calm. 3．地震后，我们为无家可归的人提供了避难所和急救。 After the earthquake，we supplied shelters and first aid to the people who/that became homeless． 4．没有长度限制的摘要不会达到预期的效果。 The summary whose length has no limit won't have the desired effect. 5．撞击岩石的海浪把上面的一切都卷走了。 The waves that/which were crashing on the rocks swept away everything on them. 6．幸福是金钱买不到的东西之一。 Happiness is one of the things which/that money cannot buy． Ⅳ.用适当的关系代词完成短文 Singapore City is one of the foreign cities 1.that/which left a deep impression on me.I had a holiday in this wonderful city last summer and stayed there for 5 days.It is a good place for those 2.who love travelling with white shoes because the streets there are extremely clean.During my stay in Singapore，I visited some famous land-marks (地标) 3.that/which included the Merlion statue，the Singapore Zoo and the Singapore Botanic Gardens.For me，Singapore is well worth visiting.Firstly，the public transport system there is extremely satisfying.Another thing 4.that/which attracts me about Singapore is its multicultural nature.During the 5 days 5.that/which I spent in Singapore，I met lots of people 6.whose nationalities were different from mine.Besides，I got the chance to practice my oral English with local people and other tourists.It's really fun. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Recently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone，news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey(哈维飓风)on thousands of people caught my eye.I saw many unfortunate events.However，there was also lots of bright news that showed the goodness of mankind.As a reporter，I reported many human-interest stories when doing my job.That's why the story about the guys in the bakery (面包店) caught my eye. When the workers at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days，they didn't sit there feeling sorry for themselves.They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey.While waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning，the four workers decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for people around the neighborhood.They talked to their manager about their plan over the phone and the manager agreed. The flood water rose in the street outside.They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread.They used more than 4，200 pounds of flour(面粉)to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread.Although the water kept rising，they continued baking to help more people.By the time the manager managed to get to them，they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to lots of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods. The store manager，Brian Alvarado，told The Independent，“They've done more than they should have done.And what they had done has lit a light for people.I feel lucky to have them work in the bakery.” Whenever a disaster occurs，nobody should feel forlorn．Instead，we should stay hopeful and take positive action to save ourselves and help others.Our acts of kindness will make a big difference to the people in the world as well as the world itself. [语篇解读]　记叙文　文章讲述的是哈维飓风到来时，面包店员工被困，他们决定继续为人们做面包，这一善举所产生的重大影响。 1．Why did the story in the bakery draw the author's attention? A．It was helpful in choosing a good job. B．It made him/her interested in baking. C．It could bring him/her much money. D．It showed the goodness of mankind. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“However，there was also lots of bright news that showed the goodness of mankind.”可知，面包店的故事引起作者的注意是因为它显示了人类的善良。 2．What did the guys in the bakery do in the disaster? A．They tried to get people out of water. B．They set up emergency centers to help. C．They offered to make bread for people. D．They let homeless people live in the bakery. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“While waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning，the four workers decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for people around the neighborhood.”可知，虽然面包店的员工被困大楼里，但他们主动提出为人们做面包。 3．What does Brian Alvarado think of the four workers? A．He found them lucky. B．He was proud of them. C．They were experienced. D．They were shy but brave. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The store manager，Brian Alvarado，told The Independent，‘They've done more than they should have done.And what they had done has lit a light for people.I feel lucky to have them work in the bakery.’”可知，面包店经理Brian Alvarado对员工的评价很高，从而推断出他为四位员工的善举感到骄傲。 4．What does the underlined word “forlorn” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Hopeless. B．Confident. C．Serious. D．Angry. 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段画线词后句“Instead，we should stay hopeful and take positive action to save ourselves and help others.”由Instead可知与前句构成转折关系，再由positive可推知，画线词的意思“是令人绝望的”。故选A。 B (2024—2025学年沧州高一上期中)Corcoran，a farming town of California，is slowly sinking(下沉)when drought has forced farmers to pump(用泵抽)amounts of water from the ground.Corcoran is struggling to make sense of the strangest thing: His already suffering town is sinking，ever so gradually，into the ground. To water its large fields and help feed America，farm operators began in the last century to pump water from underground sources，so much so that the ground has begun to sink.Strangely，signs of this subsidence are nearly out of sight.There are no cracks(裂缝)in the walls of the typical American shops in the town's center，nor in the streets or fields. This year's drought has changed this food-basket of America into a large field of brown dust forcing the government to limit(限制)the use of water by farmers.So Corcoran now finds itself in the middle of a bad circle: With their water supplies limited，farm operators are forced to pump more underground water，which in turn speeds the sinking of the town. Few locals have spoken out against the problem—not surprising，since most of them work for the same big agribusinesses pumping up groundwater.“They are afraid that if they speak against them，they might not work there any more，” said Atilano，who has spent years working for one of the country's biggest cotton producers，J.G.Boswell. On this summer afternoon，under a heat wave，some people stop to chat under a large wall painting.It describes a clear blue lake surrounded by snow-covered mountain peaks—for now，a far dream. [语篇解读]　说明文　文章主要介绍了加州的农业小镇科克伦由于过度抽取地下水，正在缓慢下沉。 5．What does the underlined word “subsidence” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Coming upwards. B．Going down. C．Becoming dry. D．Growing wide. 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“To water its large fields and help feed America，farm operators began in the last century to pump water from underground sources，so much so that the ground has begun to sink.”及第二句的代词“signs of this”可知，这种迹象就是指前文的地面下沉，故推测subsidence意为“沉淀，下沉”。 6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The cause of the drought. B．The development of Corcoran. C．The reason why Corcoran is in a bad circle. D．Farm operators' way of dealing with the drought. 解析：选C　主旨大意题。根据第三段后两句“So Corcoran now finds itself in the middle of a bad circle: With their water supplies limited，farm operators are forced to pump more underground water，which in turn speeds the sinking of the town.”可知，本段主要讲干旱迫使政府限制农民的用水，农场经营者不得不从地下抽取更多的水浇灌农场，这反过来又加速了小镇的下沉，即科克伦陷入恶性循环的原因。 7．Why do few people mention the problem of pumping the underground water? A．It has nothing to do with them. B．They are busy with their work. C．They consider its effect is small. D．They are afraid of losing their jobs. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“They are afraid that if they speak against them，they might not work there any more”可知，很少有人提及抽取地下水带来的问题，是因为他们担心失去自己的工作。 8．What is the author's attitude towards the future of Corcoran? A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Admirable. D．Carefree. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“On this summer afternoon，under a heat wave，some people stop to chat under a large wall painting.It describes a clear blue lake surrounded by snow-covered mountain peaks—for now，a far dream.”可知，作者认为壁画上的景象还遥不可及，他对科克伦的未来充满担忧。 Ⅱ.七选五 A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire that burns among wildland plants.Wildfires can burn in forests，grasslands，and other ecosystems(生态系统)，and have been doing so for hundreds of millions of years. Wildfires can start naturally or be human-made. 1 Wind，high temperatures，and little rainfall can all leave trees，shrubs(灌木丛)，and fallen leaves dried out，causing a fire easily. Wildfires that burn near communities can become dangerous and even deadly if they grow out of control.For example，the 2018 Camp Fire in Butte County，California destroyed almost the whole town of Paradise. 2 Still，wildfires are important to the continued survival of some plants.For example，some tree cones need to be heated before they open and let out their seeds(种子).Plants depend on wildfires in order to pass through a life cycle(生命周期). 3 And others require fire just a few times a century for the species to continue. 4 They can kill insects and diseases (昆虫和疾病).Fires can make way for new grasses and shrubs that provide food and living space for animals and birds.Fires can clean up pieces of woods on the forest floor and open up space to let sunlight through to the ground. While many plants and animals need wildfires，climate change has left some ecosystems more sensitive to fires. 5 The historic practice of putting out all fires also has caused an unnatural buildup of shrubs，which can be riskier in causing wildfires. A．86 people died in total. B．Ground fires can last for a long time. C．Some plants require fire every few years. D．Wildfires also help keep ecosystems healthy. E．That sunlight can give larger trees room to grow. F．Warmer temperatures have caused drought and dried-out forests. G．However，it is often weather conditions that influence a wildfire. [语篇解读]　说明文　文章介绍了野火的成因、危害以及对生态环境的影响。 1．解析：选G　根据上文中的“Wildfires can start naturally or be human-made.”可知，此部分介绍了野火的成因，因此设空处应与野火的成因有关。下文中的“Wind，high temperatures，and little rainfall can all leave trees，shrubs，and fallen leaves dried out，causing a fire easily.”指出天气因素对野火的影响，因此设空处应是强调天气对野火的影响，故G项符合语境。下文中的“Wind，high temperatures，and little rainfall”与G项中的weather conditions相照应。 2．解析：选A　上文中的“the 2018 Camp Fire in Butte County，California destroyed almost the whole town of Paradise”指出野火摧毁了小镇，因此设空处应是关于野火造成的严重后果，故A项(总共86人因此丧生。)符合语境。 3．解析：选C　上文中的“Plants depend on wildfires in order to pass through a life cycle.”指出一些植物需要野火完成生命的周期。又根据下文中的“And others require fire just a few times a century for the species to continue.”可知，设空处与该句并列，最后两句应是对上文“Plants depend on...life cycle.”的解释说明，指出某些植物需要野火的频率，故C项符合语境。 4．解析：选D　根据下文中的“They can kill insects and diseases.Fires can make way for new grasses...let sunlight through to the ground.”可知，此部分介绍了野火对生态环境的好处，因设空处应是本段的中心句，指出野火对生态环境有帮助，故D项符合语境。下文中的“They”指代D项中的Wildfires。 5．解析：选F　上文中的“climate change has left some ecosystems more sensitive to fires”指出气候变化使生态系统变得对火更加敏感。设空处应是对上文的具体解释，故F项(气温升高导致干旱、森林干枯)符合语境。F项中的Warmer temperatures与上文中的“climate change”相照应。 Ⅲ.语法填空 The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR)was formed in 2001 and now consists of hundreds of rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs.The team brings help and hope to those 1. lives are changed by a storm，flood，or any other 2. (nature)disaster. After long and careful training，the team 3. (go)on its first international rescue missions in 2003 when the Chinese team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran.The team won high praise 4. their bravery and skill. Since then，the rescue workers of CISAR 5. (finish)many missions.The team treated more than 3，000 people in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia，helped 2，500 people after the earthquake in Haiti in 2010 and spent several months 6. (give)help to over 25，000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan. Rescue workers are trained 7. (find)people，treat injuries，and hand out food，water and other supplies.They have to work under dangerous situations.After a disaster，there is usually no electricity 8. water，and there may be diseases and accidents.Sometimes they must bury 9. dead.That means they have to be strong in both body and mind. Rescue workers must have big hearts，too.10. takes a lot of love and courage to risk one's own life.The members of the team have plenty of both and are always ready to go wherever help is needed. [语篇解读]　说明文　文章主要介绍了中国国际救援队的一些情况。 1．解析：whose　句意：该团队为那些因风暴、洪水或其他自然灾害而改变生活的人带来了帮助和希望。此处为定语从句修饰先行词those，且先行词在从句中作定语，故填whose。 2．解析：natural　句意：该团队为那些因风暴、洪水或其他自然灾害而改变生活的人带来了帮助和希望。修饰后文名词disaster应用形容词natural作定语，表示“自然的”。故填natural。 3．解析：went　句意：经过长时间的精心训练，这支救援队于2003年首次参加了国际救援任务，当时这支中国救援队在阿尔及利亚和伊朗地震后帮助拯救了很多人的生命。根据句中时态in 2003可知，用一般过去时。故填went。 4．解析：for　句意：这个队因他们的勇敢和技术赢得了高度赞扬。win praise for因……而收到赞扬。故填for。 5．解析：have finished　句意：从那时起，救援人员已经完成了许多任务。根据句中时态Since then可知，用一般现在完成时。故填have finished。 6．解析：giving　句意：该小组治疗了在2006年印度尼西亚地震中受伤的3000多人，帮助了2010年海地地震后的2500名伤员，并用了几个月的时间向巴基斯坦2010年洪水中的25 000多名灾民提供援助。spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”。故填giving。 7．解析：to find　句意：救援人员接受过寻找人员、治疗伤员、分发食物、水和其他物资的培训。句中不定式作目的状语。故填to find。 8．解析：or　句意：灾难发生后，通常没有电或水，还可能会有疾病和事故。在并列句中，连词or用于否定句中，代替and。故填or。 9．解析：the　句意：有时他们必须埋葬死者。the＋形容词，表示一类人。故填the。 10．解析：It　句意：拿自己的生命去冒险需要很多的爱和勇气。此处为固定句型it takes sth to do sth，表示“做某事需要……”，it为形式主语，不定式作真正主语。故填It。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$