Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 一轮复习导学案-2026届高三英语一轮复习人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

该高中英语导学案系统梳理了选择性必修第二册Unit 1的高考核心考点，涵盖阅读与写作词汇、拓展词形变化、重点短语及经典句式，按“基础词汇—短语应用—句式迁移—语篇综合”层级构建知识网络，通过拓展词汇填空、语篇填空及真题导向的小题练透任务，引导学生自主梳理词形规律与语境应用，形成系统语言知识框架。 亮点在于诊断性自测与进阶式能力训练设计，如语篇填空整合单元核心词汇与句式，开篇语境辨义模块通过熟词生义、一词多义练习诊断基础，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。每个考点配备真题例句与错题归因任务，学生可自主定位薄弱环节，教师能依据学情数据实施分层指导，有效提升学生自主复习效率与教师因材施教效果。

选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists I. 阅读词汇 1. household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人 2. raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 3. concrete n. 混凝土 adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 4. statistic n. (pl. statistics）统计数字；统计资料；统计学 5. framework n. 框架；结构 6. microscope n. 显微镜 7. abstract adj. 抽象的；理论上的 n.（文献等的）摘要 8. concept n. 概念；观念 9. mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工 10. telescope n. 望远镜 11. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 12. astronomer n. 天文学家 13. theoretical adj. 理论上的；假设的 14. aviation n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行 15. missile n. 导弹 16. trace vt. 追溯；追踪；查出 n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 17. substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 II. 写作词汇 1. subscribe vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购（或订阅）；定期交纳（会费） 2. blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责n. 责备；指责 3. handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）；（用手）触碰 4. cast vt. 投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷 5. outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 6. brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 7. link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 8. shift n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi. & vt. 转移；挪动；转向 9. decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低 10. shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处 11. solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体 12. suspect vt. & vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 13. multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的 14. vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 III. 拓展词汇 1. frustrate vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧→_______________n. 懊恼；沮丧→_______________adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的→_______________adj. 令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的 2. infect vt. 使感染；传染→_______________n. 感染；传染→_______________adj. 感染的；传染性的 3. transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变→_______________ n. 改观；转变；改革 4. defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→_______________n. 防御；保卫→_______________adj. 防御的；自卫的 5. gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→_______________n. 礼物；天赋 6. proof n. 证据；证明；检验→_______________vt. 证明 link v. 证明是 7. pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→_______________adv. 完全地；纯粹地→_______________vt. 净化；使……洁净 8. fault n. 弱点；过错→_______________adj. 有错误的；有缺陷的 9. initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的→_______________ adv. 最初；开始；起初 IV. 重点短语 1. ______________________________最终地；彻底地 2. ______________________________同意；赞同 3. ______________________________幸亏；由于 4. ______________________________照顾；照料 5. ______________________________与……有联系/关联 6. ______________________________爆发；突然开始 7. ______________________________主管；掌管 8. ______________________________患（病）；染上（小病） 9. ______________________________而且；另外 10. ______________________________最重要的是；尤其是 11. ______________________________因（做了）某事而受责备；对……负有责任 12. ______________________________怀疑某人（做了）某事 13.______________________________依靠；取决于 V. 经典句式 1. 句型公式：until引导时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一，直到英国医生 John Snow向人们展示了如何战胜它。 2. 句型公式：have+宾语+宾语补足语 It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 这位女士似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，因此她每天都让人送水泵里的水到她家。 3. 句型公式: so... that... 引导结果状语从句 He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500people died in ten days. 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱暴发得非常严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 VI.语篇填空 Cholera, an infectious disease caused by germs, used to affect people’s health 1. ________ (severe), thus causing many deaths and casting a shadow on the world. Fortunately, cholera was overcome by a brilliant and outstanding doctor called John Snow. At first, John Snow felt 2. ________ (frustrate) when many people came down with this disease, and he was determined to defeat “King Cholera” once and 3. ________ all. Initially, there were two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. Snow 4. ________ (subscribe) to the second one that cholera was caused by an 5. ________ (infect) from germs in food or water. But Snow needed solid proof to defend his viewpoint. When cholera broke out in London in 1854, Snow, along with some gifted assistants, discovered that there were multiple deaths in some 6. ________ (household) near a water pump, which showed there was a link between the cases of cholera and the water. Snow suspected that the water pump was 7. ________ (blame), so he had the handle of the water pump 8. ________ (remove). Thanks to Snow’s intervention and tireless efforts, people began to drink pure water instead of raw water. As a result, there was 9. ________ substantial decrease in the threat of cholera and a shift in the death rate. Furthermore, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. Above all, his vivid thinking 10. ________ concept of disease were quite novel at that time. Therefore, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. 核心考点 精讲精练 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Part 1 重点单词 1. decrease n. [C, U]减少；降低；减少量vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等) 减少；减小；降低 真题例句 (2021·北京卷) Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. (情绪) 反应是消极情绪的增加或积极情绪的减少。 考点梳理 小题练透 ① (外研·X2U5) But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease ________ 130,000 ________ around 10,000, it also meant less food for the cats. ②Over the past decades, sea ice has been ________ the decrease in the Arctic as a result of global warming. ③Because of human activities, . 由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。 2. link n. 联系；纽带vt. 把······连接起来；相关联 真题例句 (2023·全国乙卷) It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature. 它可以给人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家与自然之间的联系。 考点梳理 小题练透 ① (译林·X1U1) If we grow up eating certain foods in our family, then those foods tend ________ (link) with positive emotions. ②The organizations have linked___________ for a charity concert. ③Undoubtedly, . 毫无疑问，疾病与不健康的生活方式有着直接的联系。 3. blame vt. 责怪；指责；把……归咎于 n. 责任；责备 真题例句 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) I see what you mean, these days you can see traffic jams around schools that drop off at pick-up times, but it’s hard to blame the parents. 我明白你的意思，如今在上下学时间，你可以看到学校周围交通拥堵，但很难责怪父母。 考点梳理 小题练透 ① (北师大·X1U3) Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be ________ (blame). ②不要把自己的失败归咎于他人，你需要的是自我反思。(建议信) →Don’t ; what you need is self-reflection. (blame v. ) →Don’t ; what you need is self-reflection. (blame n. ) ③ , Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly. Tim因演出失败而被责备，他悲伤得忍不住痛哭。(读后续写·心理描写) 4. defend vt. 保卫；防御；辩解 defence n. 防御；保护；保卫 defender n. 防御者；守卫者 defensive adj. 防御的；自卫的 真题例句 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. 如果他看起来有点戒备的姿态，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔也会嘲笑他那不寻常的方法。 考点梳理 小题练透 ① (译林·B3U1) (我要为工厂说句话), however, I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. ②These green barriers not only change the look of Beijing but also defend it ________ the desert. ③The dam was built to defend the road from ________ (wash) away by the sea. ④Seeing the fierce wolf, he like an arrow. 看到这只凶猛的狼，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。(读后续写·动作描写) 5. cast vt. (cast, cast) 投射；向……投以 (视线、笑容等)；投掷 真题例句 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. 花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。 考点梳理 小题练透 ① (译林·X3U2) Hopefully, it will (使进一步了解) the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection. ②People can cast votes ________ those they adore. ③She cast a glance ________ the mirror and went out, shutting the door behind her. ④ (2022·新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷·读后续写) The coach heard what David said and . 教练听到了David的话，向我投来坚定的目光。 Part 2 短语句式 6. above all最重要的是；尤其是 真题例句 (2022·浙江1月卷·读后续写) Above all, I hoped he wouldn’t assign me to work with the intense, fiercely competitive, singularly serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match. 最重要的是，我希望他不要安排我和那个热情、争强好胜、极其严肃的家伙一起工作，那人总是穿着深色的衣服，他的性格显然也与之相符。 考点梳理 小题练透 ①用all有关短语的正确形式填空 The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University. , you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come. , you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances. ________, studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy ________. (推荐信) ②Thanks to your timely and generous help, . 多亏了您及时而慷慨的帮助，我总共解决了这四个问题。(感谢信) ③ (译林·B2U2) , choose activities you enjoy because, in this way, you’re more likely to stick with them. 最重要的是，选择你喜欢的活动，因为这样你更有可能坚持下去。 7. depend on/upon依靠；取决于 真题例句 (2023·北京卷) The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. 养成习惯所需的时间取决于多种因素，包括个人行为和预期行为。 考点梳理 小题练透 ① (译林·X4U2) ________ (根据) whether you are communicating with a stranger, friend, family member, or co-worker, you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation. ②You may depend on ________ that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time. ③He depends on his parents ________ (take) care of his children. ④We should seek solutions to the problems by ourselves first . 我们应该自己先寻求问题的解决方案，而不是依赖别人的帮助。(建议信) 8. come down with 患 (病)；染上 (小病) (人教· X2U1) Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought. 自从他患上一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病后，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 考点梳理 小题练透 用come有关短语的正确形式填空 ① (外研·B3U3) Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him his theory of gravity. ② (外研·X3U6) Then the sun , and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks. ③ (译林·X4U2) Word borrowing when two cultures with different languages interact. ④ (2022·全国甲卷·应用文写作) the ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious. ⑤ (2022·浙江1月卷·读后续写) Knowing that my partner a serious disease, I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously. ⑥Though we may many failures, as long as we try our best, there is no need to regret for these failures. (读后续写·主旨升华) 9. have+宾语+宾语补足语 真题例句 (2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷) Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. 18岁以下的志愿者必须让家长/监护人在同意栏签字。 考点梳理 小题练透 ① (人教·X2U1) It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it ________ (deliver) to her house every day. ②It was cold, and she had the fire ________ (burn) day and night. ③Uncle Sam won’t have my father and me ________ (return) to the farm too late. ④I am terribly sorry for , because I had an urgent thing to attend to just now. 非常抱歉让你等了我这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(道歉信) ⑤Since everyone’s time is limited, we’re surely supposed to cherish it and . 因为每个人的时间都是有限的，所以我们都应该珍惜时间，努力实现自己的梦想。(读后续写·主旨升华) 梯级训练 循序渐进 Part 1 基础达标 维度一 语境辨义 Ⅰ. 熟词生义 1. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. ________ 2. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. ________ 3. (2021·全国乙卷) People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. ________ 4. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument. ________ Ⅱ. 一词多义 handle A. vt. 处理 B. vt. 控制；操纵 C. n. 把手 D. vt. (用手) 触；碰；拿 1. (2023·浙江1月卷) Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. ________ 2. (2022·全国甲卷) The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. ________ 3. Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance. ________ 4. Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. ________ 维度二 考点强化 1. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this ________ (find). 2. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) People often link their memory of what they’ve read ________ how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. 3. (2024·浙江1月卷改编) I had a spare key ________ (send) to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. 4. (2022·全国乙卷) ________ (initial) the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. 5. He subscribes ________ the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all. 6. I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected ________ stealing his money. Part 2 写作衔接 写作一 应用文(人物描写/介绍信·居里夫人) (2024·安徽黄山高三一模) 假定你是李华，你校英文杂志社要举办以“与科学家跨时空对话 (Talk to a Scientist Across Time and Space) ”为主题的书信征文活动。请你用英文写一封信给你最崇敬的一位科学家，内容包括：1. 表达对他 (她) 的崇敬之情；2. 解释你崇敬他 (她) 的原因。 Dear Madame Curie, 　　I am writing to express my admiration for you. You have made great contributions to the world of science,for which you are regarded as one of the greatest women scientists. Unlikely to be admitted to a university in Poland as a woman at that time, you went to France for further studies and received a degree in physics. Thanks to your brilliant thinking and great determination, you achieved great success in discovering radium, enabling you to win the Nobel Prize. It’s your hard-working spirit and perseverance that are worth learning. You are my role model and have been inspiring me to study hard to make contributions to my country. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 写作二 读后续写 (动作描写· “手部”动作) Ⅰ. 素材积累 单词 wave; throw; point; dig; drag/pull; push; fold; knock; tap; clap/applaud; press; touch; wipe; pat; rub; catch/grab/grasp; scratch (挠); tear (撕) 短语 raise/put up one’s hand举手 clap one’s hands拍手 spread one’s hands摊开双手 hold out/reach out one’s hand伸出手 reach for one’s hand伸手抓住某人 take/hold one’s hand牵某人的手 with one’s head in one’s hands双手抱头 cup...in one’s hands双手捧着…… put one’s hands to one’s cheeks用双手捂住脸 rub one’s hands together使劲搓着双手 point a finger at/to...用手指指着…… tap/drum one’s fingers (on...) 用手指轻敲 (……) thumb up at sb朝某人竖起大拇指 snap one’s fingers打响指 poke sb with one’s finger用手指戳某人 句子 ① (人教·B3U5) Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again, as if looking at something he can’t believe is there. 接着，他把钞票折起来，又慢慢展开，好像在看一件他不相信的东西。 ② (北师大·X2U4) After being seated at his table, Mr Bean takes out a card, writes a few words on it, puts it in an envelope and places it on the table. 在餐厅就座后，憨豆先生拿出一张卡片，在上面写了几个字，把卡片塞进信封，然后放在桌子上。 ③ (北师大·X2U4) He takes all the money out of his wallet, counts it and puts it in a saucer. 他把钱包里所有的钱都拿出来，数了数，放进碟子里。 ④He patted me on the head, held my hands gently and told me not to worry. 他拍拍我的头，轻轻地握住我的手，告诉我不要担心。 Ⅱ. 对点场景 助人为乐Ⅰ ①hugged him gently, ②patted him on the back and wiped the tears on his face. He stood where he was, ③rubbing his hands together. Then I ④took his hand and walked him home, encouraging him to face life positively. Later, I often chatted with him and helped him with troubles. As time passed, Jeremy behaved better. Whenever he saw me, he would ⑤wave to me with a broad smile. At the end of the school year, Jeremy ⑥hugged/embraced me tightly and thanked me repeatedly. At that moment, I realized the meaning of serving—knowing a person deeply and giving what he needs. 我轻轻地拥抱了他，拍了拍他的背并擦去他脸上的泪水。他站在原地，双手使劲搓着。然后我牵起他的手送他回家，鼓励他积极面对生活。后来，我经常和他聊天并帮他解决麻烦。随着时间的流逝，Jeremy表现得越来越好。每当他看到我，他都会带着灿烂的笑容向我挥手。在学年结束时，Jeremy紧紧地拥抱我并一次又一次地感谢我。在那一刻，我突然意识到服务的意义——深入了解一个人并给予他所需要的东西。 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists III. 拓展词汇 1. frustrate vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n. 懊恼；沮丧→frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的→frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的 2. infect vt. 使感染；传染→infection n. 感染；传染→infectious adj. 感染的；传染性的 3. transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变→transformation n. 改观；转变；改革 4. defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→defence n. 防御；保卫→defensive adj. 防御的；自卫的 5. gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→giftn. 礼物；天赋 6. proof n. 证据；证明；检验→prove vt. 证明 link v. 证明是 7. pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv. 完全地；纯粹地→purify vt. 净化；使……洁净 8. fault n. 弱点；过错→faulty adj. 有错误的；有缺陷的 9. initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv. 最初；开始；起初 IV. 重点短语 1. once and for all 最终地；彻底地 2. subscribe to 同意；赞同 3. thanks to 幸亏；由于 4. attend to 照顾；照料 5. be linked to 与……有联系/关联 6. break out爆发；突然开始 7. in charge of 主管；掌管 8. come down with 患（病）；染上（小病） 9. what’s more 而且；另外 10. above all 最重要的是；尤其是 11. be to blame for（doing）sth因（做了）某事而受责备；对……负有责任 12. suspect sb of（doing）sth 怀疑某人（做了）某事 13. depend on/ upon 依靠；取决于 VI.语篇填空 1.severely　2.frustrated　3.for　4.subscribed　5.infection 6.households　7.to blame　8.removed　9.a　10.and Part 1　重点单词 1.①from; to 　②on　③the number of some rare animals is on the decrease/is decreasing 2.①to be linked　②up　③there is a direct link between diseases and unhealthy lifestyles 3.①to blame　②blame your own failure on others;lay/put/place the blame for your own failure on others　③Blamed for the failure of the performance 4.①In defence of the factories　②from/against　③being washed　 ④rushed to defend/rushed in defence of his son 5.①cast new light on　②for　③at　④cast a determined look at me Part 2　短语句式 6.①First of all/Above all;After all;All in all;at all　②I managed to solve the four problems in all　③Above all 7.①Depending on　②it　③to take　④instead of depending on/upon others for help 8.①to come up with　②came out　③comes about　④When it comes to　⑤came down with　⑥come across 9.①delivered　②burning　③returning　④having you waiting for me for so long　⑤work hard to have our dreams realized Part 1　基础达标练 一、 Ⅰ.1.adj.可靠的　2.adj.未经加工的　3.v.不断涌向　4.adj.确实的;具体的Ⅱ.1.A　2.D　3.B　4.C 二、 1.finding　2.to　3.sent　4.Initially　5.to　6.of $$