Unit 1 Happy Holiday Section A ( 1a-pronunciation ) 核心知识梳理- 2025-2026学年人教版（2024）英语八年级上册

Unit 1 Happy Holiday Section A ( 1a-pronunciation ) 核心知识梳理 1. How do people spend their holidays? spend的词义及用法 spend + 时间 / 金钱 + on sth. 在某物上花费时间 / 金钱 She spends a lot of time on her hobbies.（她在爱好上花很多时间。） spend + 时间 / 金钱 + (in) doing sth. 花费时间 / 金钱做某事 We spend much money (in) buying books.（我们花很多钱买书。） spend + 时间段 + (in) + 地点 在某地度过一段时间 They spent a week (in) Beijing last month. （他们上个月在北京待了一周。） spend time with sb.：和某人共度时光 I like to spend time with my family on weekends. （我喜欢周末和家人共度时光。） 即学即练： 1. My sister usually spends 1 hour _______(watch) TV after dinner. 2. They _______ (spend) 500 yuan ______ this toy car last week. 3. Look! She is spending time _______ her little brother in the park. 2. take music lessons上音乐课 take 的词义及用法 搭配课程 / 培训：表示 “上课、参加培训” She takes a French course every weekend.（她每周六上法语课。） He decided to take dancing lessons to improve his skills. 搭配考试 / 测试：表示 “参加考试” All students must take the final exam in June. Did you take the English test last week?（你上周参加英语测试了吗？） 搭配活动 / 比赛：表示 “参与活动、比赛” They plan to take part in the school sports meet. She took part in a singing competition and won first prize. （她参加了歌唱比赛，获得了一等奖。） 常见搭配与短语 take a course：参加课程 He’s taking a computer course this semester.（他这学期在上计算机课。） take an exam/test：参加考试 You need to take a driving test to get a license. （你需要参加驾照考试才能拿到执照。） take part in：参与（活动、会议等） 例句：We all took part in the charity event.（我们都参加了那场慈善活动。） 即学即练： 1. She _______ (take) a painting class twice a week. 2. We will _______ (take part in) the school trip next Friday. 3. Did you _______ (take) the history exam yesterday? 4. They _______ (take) part in the debate competition last year. 5. He plans to _______ (take) a photography course this summer. music的词义及用法 music 名词（n.） There’s soft music playing in the coffee shop. （咖啡馆里播放着轻柔的背景音乐。） musical 形容词（adj.） 音乐的；喜爱音乐的 She has a musical talent—she sings very well. （她有音乐天赋，唱歌很好听。） musician 名词（n.） 音乐家；乐师 My uncle is a musician—he plays the piano in a band. （我叔叔是位音乐家，他在乐队里弹钢琴。） 即学即练： 1. My cousin wants to be a _______ when she grows up. 2. This is my favorite _______. I can listen to it again and again. 3. The school holds a _______ festival every spring. 4. I want to learn to play _______ instruments, like the piano or the guitar. 3.visit some ancient buildings拜访我的祖父母 visit 的词义及用法 visit + 地点名词：参观 / 访问某地​ 例句：We plan to visit the History Museum tomorrow. （我们计划明天去参观历史博物馆。）​ visit + 人（sb.）：拜访某人​ I will visit my teacher after school.（放学后我要去拜访我的老师。）​ visit + 地点 + for + 时间段：在某地停留访问一段时间​ They visited London for three days.（他们在伦敦访问了三天。）​ pay a visit to（sb./sp.）：拜访某人 / 参观某地（= visit sb./sp.）​ We paid a visit to our grandparents last Sunday. visitor（n.）：参观者；访客​ There are many visitors in the park on weekends. （周末公园里有很多游客。）​ 即学即练： 1. My parents _______ (visit) my aunt in Beijing last year.​ 2. We plan to ______ ______ ______ _____the science museum next week. 3. There are many _______ (visitor) in the park today.​ 4. My uncle _______ _______ _______ us every summer.​ 5. The _______ (visitor) from America like Chinese food very much. build的词义及用法 含义 1：建造；修建（具体物体，如房屋、桥梁、建筑等） 例句：Workers are building a new school in our neighborhood. （工人们正在我们小区里建一所新学校。） 含义 2：建立；创建（抽象事物，如关系、信任、习惯等） 例句：We need to build a good relationship with our classmates. （我们需要和同学建立良好的关系。） 含义 3：增强；培养（能力、体质等）。 例句：Regular exercise can help build a strong body. （规律锻炼有助于增强体质。） building 名词（n.） 建筑物；楼房 There are many tall buildings in the city center. （市中心有很多高楼大厦。） builder 名词（n.） 建筑工人；建造者 The builder helped us fix the broken wall. （建筑工人帮我们修好了破墙。） 即学即练： 1. My grandfather _______ (build) a small wooden house in the countryside 20 years ago. 2. We should _______ (build) trust with our friends by being honest. 3. There are many modern _______ (build) in the new area of our city. 4. My uncle is a _______ (build) and he worked on many building projects. 5. Regular running can _______ (build) up your strength and make you healthier. 4.went to a summer camp去了一个夏令营 camp 的词义及用法： n. 度假营；营地 v. 露营；宿营 camper(n.)露营者;野营车；camping(n.)露营 summer camp夏令营；go camping去露营； camp in the mountains在山里露营 We camped near the beach and had a good time. 即学即练： 1. We will go  if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 2. The  decided to put up a tent near the river before it got dark. 3. Joining a summer  is a great experience for children. 4. The boys by a river last weekend. 5.The landscape there was amazing.那里的风景美极了。 landscape 词义及用法： （自然）风景；景色（尤指乡村、户外的整体自然风光）​​ 例句：The landscape of the countryside in spring is very beautiful. 名词复数：landscapes​​ 例句：She traveled to many countries and saw different landscapes.（她去过很多国家，见过不同的风景。） 拓展（易混词辨析）​landscape vs. scenery landscape：自然景观，既可数也不可数​ The landscape of the Alps is famous worldwide.（阿尔卑斯山的风景闻名世界。）​ scenery：为不可数名词，自然景观/人文景观 例句：The scenery in Guilin is like a painting.（桂林的风景如画。）​ amazing 词义及用法： 用于形容自然景观、物品、事件等让人眼前一亮、超出预期。​ 例句：The amazing waterfall attracts thousands of visitors every year.（这条令人惊叹的瀑布每年吸引成千上万的游客。）； 用于称赞某人的动作、技能或成就 “让人佩服、惊讶”。​ 例句：She made an amazing speech at the meeting—everyone was impressed.（她在会议上做了一场精彩的演讲，所有人都印象深刻。） amaze（v.）：使惊奇；使惊叹​ 主语多为 “事物”，宾语多为 “人”，表示 “某物让某人感到惊讶”。​ The beautiful view amazed all of us. （美丽的景色让我们所有人都惊叹不已。）； His talent for music amazed his teachers. （他的音乐天赋让老师们感到惊讶。）​ amazed（adj.）：感到惊奇的；感到惊讶的​ 词性：形容词，用于描述 “人” 的感受，强调 “人因某事而感到惊讶”，常与介词 “at” 或 “by” 搭配。​ I was amazed at the size of the elephant.（我对大象的体型感到惊讶。）；She was amazed by the unexpected gift. amazement（n.）：惊奇；惊讶​ 常用短语 “in amazement”（惊讶地）。​ 例句：We looked at each other in amazement when we heard the news.（听到这个消息时，我们惊讶地对视了一眼。）； To my amazement, he finished the task in 10 minutes. 即学即练：​ 用 amazing/amaze/amazed/amazement 填空​ 1. The __________ news made everyone jump with joy. 2. We were _________ when we heard that our team won the game. 3. The magician’s tricks _______ all the children in the audience. 4. To my _______, my little sister learned to ride a bike in one day. 5. This is the most _______ book I’ve ever read—I couldn’t put it down. amazing 与 amazed 的核心区别 amazing 表示 “令人惊叹的、令人惊奇的”，用于描述事物本身具有让人惊讶的特质，主语通常是物。 The amazing view surprised us.（这令人惊叹的景色让我们很惊讶。） amazed 表示 “感到惊讶的”，用于描述人的感受，主语通常是人。 例：We were amazed by the view.（我们对这景色感到惊讶。） 类似的 “-ing/-ed” 形容词对比 这类形容词通常由动词变化而来，-ing 形式描述事物的性质（“令人…… 的”），-ed 形式描述人的感受（“感到…… 的”）。 interesting / interested interesting：令人感兴趣的（修饰物） The book is interesting.（这本书很有趣。） interested：感到感兴趣的（修饰人） I'm interested in the book.（我对这本书感兴趣。） exciting / excited exciting：令人兴奋的（修饰物） The game is exciting.（这场比赛很刺激。） excited：感到兴奋的（修饰人） We are excited about the game.（我们对这场比赛感到兴奋。） boring / bored boring：令人厌烦的（修饰物） The movie is boring.（这部电影很无聊。） bored：感到厌烦的（修饰人） I feel bored watching the movie.（看这部电影我感到无聊。） tiring / tired tiring：令人疲倦的（修饰物） The trip is tiring.（这次旅行很累人。） tired：感到疲倦的（修饰人） We are tired after the trip.（旅行后我们感到很累。） surprising / surprised surprising：令人惊讶的（修饰物） The news is surprising.（这个消息很令人惊讶。） surprised：感到惊讶的（修饰人） She is surprised at the news.（她对这个消息感到惊讶。） 即学即练： 1. The children were _______ (excite) when they heard the good news. 2. This is an _______ (interest) story that everyone likes. 3. I felt _______ (bore) because the lecture was too long. 4. It's _______ (surprise) that he finished the work in 10 minutes. 5. After a _______ (tire) day, she went to bed early. 6. The _______ (amaze) result made all of us cheer. 7. We are _______ (interest) in learning English. 8. The _______ (excite) game kept us awake all night. 6.Yaming saw the Guest-Greeting Pine, the Sea of Clouds, lots of strange rocks and many ancient buildings. strange 词义及用法： strange 是形容词（adj.），意为 “奇怪的、陌生的、不熟悉的”，主要用于描述事物或人给人的异样感、不熟悉感。 副词：strangely（奇怪地、异常地） 例：He looked at me strangely.（他奇怪地看着我。） 名词：stranger（陌生人；外地人） 例：Don’t talk to strangers.（不要和陌生人说话。） 常见搭配 strange noise（奇怪的声音）strange behavior（奇怪的行为）strange dream（奇怪的梦）strange face（陌生的面孔）strange city（陌生的城市）be strange to...（对…… 不熟悉） 固定句型 It’s strange that...（…… 很奇怪） 例：It’s strange that he didn’t come to the party.（他没来参加派对，真奇怪。） 即学即练： 1. There’s a _______ (strange) man standing outside our house. 2. She looked at me _______ (strange) and said nothing. 3. It’s _______ (strange) that no one answered the phone. 4. He is a _______ (strange) in this village, so no one knows him. 5. The little girl felt scared in the _______ (strange) place. 7.She stayed with her grandparents for 10 days. 基本结构：for + 时间段（如：for two hours 持续两小时、for a week 持续一周、for three years 持续三年）。 适用时态：常与现在完成时、一般过去时、一般将来时等连用，描述动作或状态在时间上的延续。 一般过去时 He lived in Beijing for 5 years.（他在北京住了 5 年。） 现在完成时 I have studied English for 3 months.（我学英语已经 3 个月了。） 一般将来时 We will stay here for two days.（我们会在这里待两天。） 注意：对 for 引导的时间段提问时，用 how long。 例：—How long did she stay with her grandparents?（她和祖父母待了多久？） —For 10 days.（10 天。） 即学即练： 1. My father has worked in this factory _______ 20 years. 2. They will travel in Japan _______ a month next summer. 3. Tom waited for his friend _______ half an hour yesterday. 4. How long have you learned to play the piano? _______ three years. 5. A. Since B. For C. In D. On 6. She kept the book _______ two weeks and then returned it to the library. 7. for B. since C. on D. at 8.Where did Yaming/ Emma go on hoilday/vacation? vacation 的词义及用法： on vacation：在度假 例：She’s on vacation in Hawaii.（她正在夏威夷度假。） take a vacation：休假、度假 例：We plan to take a vacation next month.（我们计划下个月休假。） summer vacation：暑假 They always go camping during summer vacation. （他们暑假总去露营。） winter vacation：寒假 We usually visit grandparents in winter vacation. （我们寒假通常去看望祖父母。） go on vacation：去度假 When will you go on vacation this year?（你今年什么时候去度假？） spend a vacation：度过假期 例：We spent our vacation by the sea.（我们在海边度过了假期。） 即学即练： 1.My family and I plan to _______ _______ _______ (去度假) to Sanya next month. 2.She is _______ _______ (在度假) in Japan now, so she can’t answer your call. 3.During _______ _______ (寒假), my brother often learns to skate with his friends. 4.—Where did you go _______ vacation? —I went to Beijing with my family. 拓展（易混词辨析）​holiday vs.vacation holiday 是英国英语中更常用的说法 vacation 是美国英语中更常用的说法 holiday 更强调“节假日”，可以指一天或多天的假期，常与特定节日相关，比如 public holidays（公共假日）、Christmas holidays（圣诞假期）。 vacation 更侧重“较长的假期”，通常指离开工作或学习的一段时间，比如 take a vacation（去度假）、a two-week vacation（两周的假期）。 英国：We have a week’s holiday at Easter.（复活节我们有一周的假期。） 美国：They’re on vacation in Hawaii.（他们在夏威夷度假。） 9. I hiked in the mountains. hike的词义及用法： 动词（v.）：远足；徒步旅行 例句 1：We plan to hike in the mountains this weekend. （我们计划这周末去山里远足。） 例句 2：They hiked for three hours to reach the top of the hill. （他们徒步三小时才到达山顶。） 名词（n.）：远足；徒步旅行 指 “一次具体的徒步旅行活动”，为可数名词。 We had a tiring but exciting hike yesterday. （昨天我们进行了一次累但刺激的徒步旅行。） hiker（n.）：徒步旅行者；远足者 Many hikers carry water bottles and snacks during hikes. （很多徒步者在徒步时会带水瓶和零食。） go hiking：去徒步旅行（= go on a hike） 例句：They often go hiking on weekends.（他们经常周末去徒步。） go on a hike：进行一次徒步旅行 Let’s go on a hike to the lake tomorrow.（明天我们去湖边徒步吧。） 即学即练： 1. My parents _______ (hike) in the national park last Sunday. 2. Many _______ (hike) are resting by the river now. 3. They often _______ _______ (hike) after school to keep healthy. 拓展（易混短语辨析）​ go to the mountains vs.hike in the mountains go to the mountains：强调“去山区这个地方”，不具体说明去做什么，可能是去度假、游玩、拜访朋友等。 We plan to go to the mountains this weekend.（我们周末打算去山区。） hike in the mountains：明确指“在山区徒步旅行”，强调“徒步”这个具体动作，是去山区进行的一项活动。 They like to hike in the mountains on sunny days. （晴天时他们喜欢去山区徒步。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$