第21讲 宾语从句（复习讲义）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第21讲 宾语从句 目录 01 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 宾语从句的构成及引导词 4 知识点1 宾语从句的构成 4 知识点2 宾语从句的引导词 4 考向1 考查引导宾语从句的连接代词 7 考向2 考查引导宾语从句的连接副词 8 考向3 考查引导宾语从句的连接词that,whether,if等 9 知识点3 it充当形式宾语的句式 10 考向4 考查it充当形式宾语的句子 11 考点二 宾语从句易错点 12 知识点1 感叹句用于宾语从句. 12 知识点2 连接词that与连接代词what. 13 知识点3 连接词whether与if的区别. 14 知识点4 宾语从句用于虚拟语气易错点 14 考向1 考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气 15 考向2 考查宾语从句中的时态、语态与主谓一致 16 04真题溯源 考向感知. 17 考点要求 考察形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 2022年 主语从句 、 宾语从句 选择题 非选择题 / 新高考I卷what 全国甲卷what 浙江卷whether 天津卷what 新高考II卷how 浙江卷whether/if 表语从句、 同位语从句 选择题 非选择题 北京卷what 浙江卷what 新高考II卷what 名词性从句 在写作中 选择题 非选择题 广泛存在于阅读理解，完形填空和写作中 考情分析： 名词性从句在高考中显性考查以语法填空补全句子形式出现。天津卷会涉及到选择题。名词性从句更以隐性考查广泛存在于阅读理解长难句和应用文写作中。 1.考查名词性从句that和what的用法区别，这是高频考点也是难点。 2.考查名词性从句if和whether的用法区别。 3.考查名词性从句who, whoever, why, where, how的用法区别。 4.遇到名词性从句需要学会用括号法括起来视为一个整体便于理解。 5.应用文写作和读后续写学会使用名词性从句能够提高句子表达力，提升文章档次。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握名词性从句连接词、连接代词及连接副词的用法和意义，特别是what和that的用法。 2. 熟练掌握名词性从句的固定句式和相关考点。 考点一 宾语从句的构成及引导词 知识点1 宾语从句构成 宾语从句：在复合句中作句子宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。和其它可以作宾语的名词、代词、动名词相比，宾语从句用了一个完整的句子。宾语从句的位置有三种：位于及物动词之后作动词的宾语、位于介词后作介词宾语；用 it 作形式宾语，将真正主语从句置于句末，使句子结构更平衡。 I  know  that you've been studying Mars for thirty years. 谓语 宾语从句 知识点2 宾语从句的引导词 引导宾语从句的连接词有三类： 连词that、whether， if 疑问代词who, what, which，whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 疑问副词when, where, how, why，however, whenever, wherever等 （1）连接词that在宾语从句中不充当任何的句子成分。 例1.The manager said that he didn't like my work. 经理说他不喜欢我的工作。 例2. Scientists reckon that there have been men for only one million years. 科学家们推断，人类仅仅存在了一百万年。 例3.He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. 他告诉我说，公司付不起那么巨额的工资。 主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。 例1.We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. 鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。 that从句通常不能充当介词的宾语，但在介词except, in和but却可以跟that的宾语从句。that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。 例1. He would have failed but that you helped him. 若不是你帮助他，他肯定要失败。 例2.We know nothing except that he did not come home that night. 除了那天晚上他没有回家之外，我们什么也不知道。 例3.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。 例1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frighted . 每个人都能看到发生了什么，汤姆很害怕. 例2. He said (that) he was tired and that he needed rest. 他说他累了，需要休息。 （2）连接词whether起连接作用，有词汇意义“是否”，不做成分，引导宾语从句时不能省略。 例1. Mary asked if/whether you had ever been abroad. 玛莉问你是否去过国外。 例2.He asked his doctor to tell him whether/if his operation had been successful. 他请求医生告诉他，他的手术是否成功了。 例3.It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation. 这一切都取决于我们是否能取得他们的合作。 例4. I doubt whether he will succeed.  我怀疑他是否会成功。 例5. I don’t know if you can help me.  我不知道你能否帮助我。 if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。 例1. I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。 用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whether。试比较： 例1. Please let me know if you want to go.如果你想去，请告诉我。 例2. Please let me know whether you want to go.请告诉我你是否想去。 （3）连接代词-who/what/which/whom/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever起连接作用，提示从句开始。有词汇意义，不能省略。在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 例1. I don't know whose straw hat it is. 我不知道这是谁的草帽。 例2.Scientists explore what exits and engineers create what never existed before. 科学家研究存在的东西，而工程师创造前所未有的东西。 （4）连接副词when, where, how, why，whenever, however, wherever等在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语 起连接作用，提示从句开始。有词汇意义，不能省略。 例1. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police. 特德不知道警察为什么要他去。 例2. The man laughed when he realized what had happened. 那个人知道发生了什么事之后，笑了起来。 例3.Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one knows exactly where or how this happened. 在整个的历史过程中，人们一直想知道语言是怎么起源的，但是，没有人确切知道这是在什么地方或 者是如何发生的。 例4.In selecting candidates, a university pays considerable attention to how well applicants have done in their secondary level school examinations. 录取新生时，大学相当注意考生中学的成绩。 考向1 考查引导宾语从句的连接代词 例1 India is doing it can to adapt to a painful new reality. After the deadly 2010 heat wave in Ahmedabad, the municipal government there developed a heat-action plan. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：印度正在尽其所能适应一个令人痛苦的新现实。2010年艾哈迈达巴德发生致命热浪后，当地市政府制定了一项高温应对计划。空格处引导宾语从句，作动词doing的宾语，what作为连接代词，可在宾语从句中充当成分，意为“……的事情”，故填what。 例2．Please decide subject will you learn, physics or chemistry. 【答案】which 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：请决定你要学哪门课，物理或化学。空处引导宾语从句，结合“physics or chemistry.”可知此处指“请决定你要学哪门课”，有选择范围使用which引导该从句，故填which。 【变式训练1·变载体】A trading route across the sea was extended along people now call the Indian Ocean. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：一条跨越海洋的贸易路线沿着人们现在称作印度洋的地方延伸开来。_______people now call the Indian Ocean是宾语从句，作介词along的宾语。所填连接词在宾语从句中作call的宾语。what在宾语从句中可作宾语，表示“……的地方”，符合句意。故填what。 【变式训练2·变情景】After seemed ages, a bus packed with passengers arrived. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：过了好像很长时间，一辆载满乘客的公共汽车到了。分析句子结构可知，after后为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指代事物，应用连接代词what引导该宾语从句。故填what。 考向2 考查引导宾语从句连接副词 例1 Jia once explained on her Weibo account: “The film is not related to weight loss and even has very little connection with boxing. It tells a kind person finds herself and learns to love herself.” 【答案】how 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：贾玲曾在微博上解释说：“这部电影与减肥无关，甚至与拳击也没有什么关系。它讲述了一个善良的人如何发现自己，学会爱自己。”分析句子可知，设空格处引导宾语从句，作动词“tells”的宾语。从句中主谓宾结构完整，结合句意“它讲述了一个善良的人如何找到自我并学会爱自己”，可知此处需表达“如何”，应用连接词副词“how”。故填 how。 例2 The Dongfeng Landing Site has a search zone of tens of thousands of square kilometers, which contains desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that make it challenging to find out the reentry module might land. 【答案】where 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：东风着陆场的搜索区域有数万平方公里，包括沙漠、盐滩以及使确定返回舱可能着陆地点变得具有挑战性的湿地。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少地点状语，需用连接副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【变式训练1·变载体】In the peak seasons, many tourists come to witness the beautiful scenery of tea farms for themselves, while enjoying a cup of tea. There are many ways you can experience tea culture in China. You can visit a tea plantation in Hangzhou or elsewhere to learn tea is grown and harvested. 【答案】how 【解析】考查连接副词。句意：在旅游旺季，许多游客会前来亲自领略茶田的美丽景色，并同时品尝一杯茶。在中国，体验茶文化的方式有很多。你可以去杭州或其他地方的茶园参观，了解茶叶的种植和采摘过程。根据句意和空格前的动词learn可知，空处引导宾语从句，且意义为“如何，怎样”，所以应该用连接副词how引导从句。故填how。 【变式训练2·变情景】After the field trip, John Buettner says he can hardly believe quickly an idea is turned into reality. 【答案】how 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：实地考察后，约翰・布特纳说，他几乎不敢相信一个想法能如此迅速地变成现实。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少状语，意为“多么”，应用连接副词how。故填how。 考向3 考查引导宾语从句的连接词that, whether, if等 例1 Keep in mind only when you are brave and determined can you conquer difficulties. 【答案】that 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：请记住，只有当你勇敢且坚定时，你才能克服困难。本空引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，不缺少成分或含义，因此用that引导宾语从句。故填that。 例2 We can’t seem to make up our minds we want a modern city or a traditional one. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查连词。句意：我们似乎无法决定我们想要一座现代化城市还是一座传统城市。根据空后or以及语境可知，这里需用连词whether引导该宾语从句，whether...or...，为固定搭配，意为“是……还是……”，符合语境。故填whether。 【变式训练1·变载体】I wonder you could tell me some information about Beijing Opera. 【答案】if/whether 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道你是否能告诉我一些关于京剧的信息。wonder后为宾语从句，本空表示“是否”，用if或whether引导。故填if/whether。 【变式训练2·变情景】You can depend on it she will keep her promise and arrive on time. 【答案】that 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：你可以相信她会信守承诺并准时到达。分析句子结构可知，it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是... she will keep her promise and arrive on time，句意和语法成分完整，因此用that引导宾语从句。depend on it that...是固定句型，意为“相信……；指望……”。故填that。 知识点3 it充当形式宾语的句式 1. 动词 + it +形容词/名词+从句 常用于该句型的动词有find, think, consider, make, feel等，it作形式宾语，后面的that从句是真正的宾语。 例1. I find it important that we should protect the environment. 我发现我们保护环境是很重要的。 例2. She thinks it necessary that we should learn English well. 她认为我们学好英语是有必要的。 例3. The teacher made it clear that we should finish our homework on time. 老师明确表示我们应该按时完成作业。 例4. I thought it odd that they should both have the same opinion. 他们俩人意见竟然一致，令我觉得奇怪. 例5. We all thought it very surprising how she kept calm in the midst of such a hot discussion. 我们都感到令人吃惊的是她怎么能在如此热烈的讨论中保持冷静。 2. 动词短语+ it +that从句 常用于该句型的动词短语有depend on, rely on, count on, answer for等，it作形式宾语，后面的that从句是真正的宾语。 例1. You may depend on it that he will come to help you. 你可以相信他会来帮助你的。 例2. You must answer for it that you have made such a mistake. 你必须为你犯的这样一个错误负责。 3. 动词+ it +从句 常用于该句型的动词短语有like, hate, appreciate等，it作形式宾语，后面的从句是真正的宾语。 例1. I don't like it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜欢人们满嘴食物说话。 例2. I would appreciate it if you could help me. 如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。 得分速记 1. 动词有find, think, consider, make, feel等，经常跟it作形式宾语，再跟形容词或名词作宾语，然后跟that引导的真正的宾语从句。 2. depend on, rely on, count on, answer for等，常用it作形式宾语，后面的that从句是真正的宾语。 3. like, hate, appreciate等，常跟it作形式宾语，后面的从句是真正的宾语。 思维建模 名词性从句的解题思路 确定 连词 信息 提取 1． 确定从句类型：设空处无提示词，先根据主句的主谓结构确定是否为主语从句。 2． 确定连接词： (1)从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，用连接代词what、who、whom、which、whatever等。 (2)从句中不缺成分且句子意义完整，用that。 (2)从句中不缺成分，句意缺少“是否”，用if/whether。 (3)从句中缺少状语，根据句意，选择用连接副词where (表地点)、when (表时间)、how (表方式)、why (表原因)等。 对照 检验 核对 答案 考向4 考查it充当形式宾语的句子 例1 Teenagers always find hard to look for a university which is suitable for them. 【答案】it 【解析】考查代词。句意：青少年总是发现很难找到一所适合他们的大学。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句型“find it + adj. + to do sth.”，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to look for a university which is suitable for them”，形容词hard作宾语补足语。故填it。 例2 They consider worthwhile to spend so much money on the project. 【答案】it 【解析】考查代词。句意：他们认为在这个项目上花这么多钱是值得的。consider it worthwhile to do sth.是固定短语，意为“认为做某事是值得的”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式，因此空格处是it，故填it。 【变式训练1·变载体】I find relaxing to sing a song with classmates between classes. 【答案】it 【解析】考查代词。句意：我发现在课间和同学们一起唱首歌很放松。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句型“find it + adj. + to do sth.”，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to sing a song with classmates between classes”，形容词relaxing作宾语补足语。故填it。 【变式训练2·变情景】4．My parents made a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. 【答案】it 【解析】考查代词。句意：无论天气或季节如何，我的父母都坚持让他们的两个孩子到户外去。根据“a point for their two kids to spend time outside”可知，此处用固定句型“make it a point to do sth.”表示“坚持做某事”，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式。故填it。 考点二 宾语从句易错点 知识点1 感叹句用于宾语从句 1.主句+what+a(n)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语。 感叹句用于宾语从句时，用陈述语序；what的中心名词必须是名词；名词区分不可数名词以及可数名词单复数。 例1. She said what a lovely song it was. 她说那是一首多么动听的歌啊。 例2. I know what an interesting book you have bought! 我知道你买了一本多么有趣的书！ 2.主句+how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。 例1. She thought how beautiful the city was. 她认为这座城市多么美丽。 例2.We are talking about how amazing the movie is. 我们在谈论这部电影有多精彩。 知识点2 连接词that与连接代词what 类别 含义 that引导的宾语从句 无词义，仅起连接作用。在从句中不充当任何成分。在口语和非正式文体中常可省略。解题时看从句是否结构完整。 例1. I heard (that) the meeting was cancelled.会议被取消了。 例2. I know that he is a teacher. 我知道他是一个老师。 what引导的宾语从句 在从句中作“主语、宾语、表语”等。表示“所......的事物”，有实际含义。绝对不可省略。解题看从句中是否缺少主语或宾语等句子成分。 例1.She explained what had happened. 她解释了所发生的事。 例2. Can you remember what she said?你能记得她说的话吗？ 得分速记 1. 看从句结构：如果宾语从句结构完整，不缺少主语或宾语，就用that, 且常可省略。 例.I heard (that ) he was in Beijing. 我听说他在北京。从句主系表成分齐全。 2. 看句意：如果意思是“所......的某事/物”，且从句中明显缺少一个成分，就用what。 例.I heard what you said. 我听到了你所说的话。从句you said后面却宾语。 知识点3 连接词whether与连接词if 用法对比 构成 当介词后跟宾语从句时，常用whether引导，不用if； 例1. It all depends on whether they will support us. 这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。 引导宾语从句且不与or not直接连用时，if和whether均可。 例2.Please tell me if/whether you will go to the lectures tomorrow or not. 请告诉我你明天是否去听讲座。 与or not或to do不定式直接连用时，也必须用whether。 例3.Can you tell me whether or not the train has left? 你能告诉我火车是否已经离开了？ 知识点4 宾语从句用于虚拟语气易错点 特殊用法 构成 表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句，从句谓语动词用 “should +动词原形”，should可省略。常见动词：suggest, recommend, demand, require, insist, order, propose等。 例1.The teacher suggested that we (should) read more books. 老师建议我们多读些书。 例2.He insisted that she (should) accept the offer. 他坚持让她接受这个提议。 I wish that…后的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 例1. I wish I were a bird. 我希望我是一只鸟。 例2. She wishes she had studied harder. 她希望自己当初学习更努力。 would rather that…宾语从句表示 “宁愿某人做某事”， 表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 例1. I'd rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。 例2. She'd sooner he hadn't said that. 她宁愿他没说过那样的话。 考向1 考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气 例1 I wish I (learn) more about Neuschwanstein Castle before! The details on the buildings there are so unusual. 【答案】had learned/had learnt 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我真希望我以前对新天鹅堡了解得更多!那里的建筑细节太不寻常了。wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，由“before”以及句意可知，从句陈述与过去事实相反的愿望，从句使用过去完成时；learn的过去分词为learned/learnt。故填had learned/learnt。 例2 I would rather you (help) me clean the house or cook the meals than lay on the sofa all day long. 【答案】had helped 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿你帮我打扫房子或做饭，而不是整天躺在沙发上。would rather后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟，应用had done。故填had helped。 【变式训练1·变载体】The captain commanded that his crew (take) a rest before the daybreak, but some of them still worked on the deck. 【答案】should take/take 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：船长命令他的船员在黎明前休息，但有些人仍在甲板上工作。动词“command (命令)”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语结构为“(should) + 动词原形”，should可以省略。故填(should) take。 【变式训练2·变载体】The doctor insisted that the patient was badly hurt and that he (operate) on at once. 【答案】should be operated/be operated 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：医生坚持说病人伤得很重，并坚持要求必须马上动手术。根据上文“the patient was badly hurt(病人伤得很重)”可知，此处应该是“坚持要求”手术·，当insist表示“坚持要求”时后面的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可以省略，又因为此处指病人被做手术，所以用被动语态，即用(should) be operated。故填(should) be operated。 考向2 考查宾语从句中的时态、语态与主谓一致 例1 The teacher said that the sun (rise) from the east. 【答案】rises 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：老师说太阳从东方升起。空处谓语动词是宾语从句的谓语动词，陈述事实，所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态；主语是单数，所以空处谓语动词需用单数rises。故填rises。 例2 He asked what (replace) common metals in the future. 【答案】would replace 【解析】考查时态。句意：他问在未来什么会取代普通金属。分析句子结构可知，空格处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，所以从句需要使用过去的时态；此处指的是过去的将来，因此使用过去将来时，构成为would+动词原形。故填would replace。 【变式训练1·变情景】Arriving at the party in a great hurry, we were disappointed to find that the band (stop) playing. 【答案】had stopped 【解析】考查时态。句意：我们匆匆忙忙地赶到聚会现场，却失望地发现乐队已经停止演奏了。此处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语，由were disappointed可知，主句用的是一般过去时，且“停止演奏”发生在“我们失望地发现”之前，也就是过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填had stopped。 【变式训练2·变载体】4．I knew John (not finish) the work by 5: 00 PM. 【答案】wouldn’t finish 【解析】考查时态。句意：我知道约翰是不会在下午5点前完成工作的。设空处为宾语从句的谓语，主句是一般过去时，从句应用过去的相应时态，根据时间状语 by 5: 00 PM，可知用将来时，所以用过去将来时，故填wouldn’t finish。 1.（2024新课标I卷） On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in is now northwestern Wyoming. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 2.（2020年浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 【答案】what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。 3.（2023年浙江3月卷）Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A．where B．whether C．whose D．which 【答案】 B 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：最近，科学家们开始就计算机是否会在半个世纪后像人类一样“思考”展开辩论。A. where哪里；B. whether是否；C. whose谁的；D. which哪一个。根据句意可知，此处是表示“是否”，用连接代词whether引导宾语从句。故选 B。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第21讲 宾语从句 目录 01 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 宾语从句的构成及引导词 4 知识点1 宾语从句的构成 4 知识点2 宾语从句的引导词 4 考向1 考查引导宾语从句的连接代词 7 考向2 考查引导宾语从句的连接副词 7 考向3 考查引导宾语从句的连接词that,whether,if等 8 知识点3 it充当形式宾语的句式 8 考向4 考查it充当形式宾语的句子 10 考点二 宾语从句易错点 10 知识点1 感叹句用于宾语从句. 11 知识点2 连接词that与连接代词what. 11 知识点3 连接词whether与if的区别. 12 知识点4 宾语从句用于虚拟语气易错点 12 考向1 考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气 13 考向2 考查宾语从句中的时态、语态与主谓一致 13 04真题溯源 考向感知. 14 考点要求 考察形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 2022年 主语从句 、 宾语从句 选择题 非选择题 / 新高考I卷what 全国甲卷what 浙江卷whether 天津卷what 新高考II卷how 浙江卷whether/if 表语从句、 同位语从句 选择题 非选择题 北京卷what 浙江卷what 新高考II卷what 名词性从句 在写作中 选择题 非选择题 广泛存在于阅读理解，完形填空和写作中 考情分析： 名词性从句在高考中显性考查以语法填空补全句子形式出现。天津卷会涉及到选择题。名词性从句更以隐性考查广泛存在于阅读理解长难句和应用文写作中。 1.考查名词性从句that和what的用法区别，这是高频考点也是难点。 2.考查名词性从句if和whether的用法区别。 3.考查名词性从句who, whoever, why, where, how的用法区别。 4.遇到名词性从句需要学会用括号法括起来视为一个整体便于理解。 5.应用文写作和读后续写学会使用名词性从句能够提高句子表达力，提升文章档次。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握名词性从句连接词、连接代词及连接副词的用法和意义，特别是what和that的用法。 2. 熟练掌握名词性从句的固定句式和相关考点。 考点一 宾语从句的构成及引导词 知识点1 宾语从句构成 宾语从句：在复合句中作句子宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。和其它可以作宾语的名词、代词、动名词相比，宾语从句用了一个完整的句子。宾语从句的位置有三种：位于及物动词之后作动词的宾语、位于介词后作介词宾语；用 it 作形式宾语，将真正主语从句置于句末，使句子结构更平衡。 I  know  that you've been studying Mars for thirty years. 谓语 宾语从句 知识点2 宾语从句的引导词 引导宾语从句的连接词有三类： 连词that、whether， if 疑问代词who, what, which，whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 疑问副词when, where, how, why，however, whenever, wherever等 （1）连接词that在宾语从句中不充当任何的句子成分。 例1.The manager said that he didn't like my work. 经理说他不喜欢我的工作。 例2. Scientists reckon that there have been men for only one million years. 科学家们推断，人类仅仅存在了一百万年。 例3.He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. 他告诉我说，公司付不起那么巨额的工资。 主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。 例1.We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. 鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。 that从句通常不能充当介词的宾语，但在介词except, in和but却可以跟that的宾语从句。that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。 例1. He would have failed but that you helped him. 若不是你帮助他，他肯定要失败。 例2.We know nothing except that he did not come home that night. 除了那天晚上他没有回家之外，我们什么也不知道。 例3.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。 例1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frighted . 每个人都能看到发生了什么，汤姆很害怕. 例2. He said (that) he was tired and that he needed rest. 他说他累了，需要休息。 （2）连接词whether起连接作用，有词汇意义“是否”，不做成分，引导宾语从句时不能省略。 例1. Mary asked if/whether you had ever been abroad. 玛莉问你是否去过国外。 例2.He asked his doctor to tell him whether/if his operation had been successful. 他请求医生告诉他，他的手术是否成功了。 例3.It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation. 这一切都取决于我们是否能取得他们的合作。 例4. I doubt whether he will succeed.  我怀疑他是否会成功。 例5. I don’t know if you can help me.  我不知道你能否帮助我。 if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。 例1. I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。 用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whether。试比较： 例1. Please let me know if you want to go.如果你想去，请告诉我。 例2. Please let me know whether you want to go.请告诉我你是否想去。 （3）连接代词-who/what/which/whom/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever起连接作用，提示从句开始。有词汇意义，不能省略。在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 例1. I don't know whose straw hat it is. 我不知道这是谁的草帽。 例2.Scientists explore what exits and engineers create what never existed before. 科学家研究存在的东西，而工程师创造前所未有的东西。 （4）连接副词when, where, how, why，whenever, however, wherever等在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语 起连接作用，提示从句开始。有词汇意义，不能省略。 例1. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police. 特德不知道警察为什么要他去。 例2. The man laughed when he realized what had happened. 那个人知道发生了什么事之后，笑了起来。 例3.Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one knows exactly where or how this happened. 在整个的历史过程中，人们一直想知道语言是怎么起源的，但是，没有人确切知道这是在什么地方或 者是如何发生的。 例4.In selecting candidates, a university pays considerable attention to how well applicants have done in their secondary level school examinations. 录取新生时，大学相当注意考生中学的成绩。 考向1 考查引导宾语从句的连接代词 例1 India is doing it can to adapt to a painful new reality. After the deadly 2010 heat wave in Ahmedabad, the municipal government there developed a heat-action plan. 例2．Please decide subject will you learn, physics or chemistry. 【变式训练1·变载体】A trading route across the sea was extended along people now call the Indian Ocean. 【变式训练2·变情景】After seemed ages, a bus packed with passengers arrived. 考向2 考查引导宾语从句连接副词 例1 Jia once explained on her Weibo account: “The film is not related to weight loss and even has very little connection with boxing. It tells a kind person finds herself and learns to love herself.” 例2 The Dongfeng Landing Site has a search zone of tens of thousands of square kilometers, which contains desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that make it challenging to find out the reentry module might land. 【变式训练1·变载体】In the peak seasons, many tourists come to witness the beautiful scenery of tea farms for themselves, while enjoying a cup of tea. There are many ways you can experience tea culture in China. You can visit a tea plantation in Hangzhou or elsewhere to learn tea is grown and harvested. 【变式训练2·变情景】After the field trip, John Buettner says he can hardly believe quickly an idea is turned into reality. 考向3 考查引导宾语从句的连接词that, whether, if等 例1 Keep in mind only when you are brave and determined can you conquer difficulties. 例2 We can’t seem to make up our minds we want a modern city or a traditional one. 【变式训练1·变载体】I wonder you could tell me some information about Beijing Opera. 【变式训练2·变情景】You can depend on it she will keep her promise and arrive on time. 知识点3 it充当形式宾语的句式 1. 动词 + it +形容词/名词+从句 常用于该句型的动词有find, think, consider, make, feel等，it作形式宾语，后面的that从句是真正的宾语。 例1. I find it important that we should protect the environment. 我发现我们保护环境是很重要的。 例2. She thinks it necessary that we should learn English well. 她认为我们学好英语是有必要的。 例3. The teacher made it clear that we should finish our homework on time. 老师明确表示我们应该按时完成作业。 例4. I thought it odd that they should both have the same opinion. 他们俩人意见竟然一致，令我觉得奇怪. 例5. We all thought it very surprising how she kept calm in the midst of such a hot discussion. 我们都感到令人吃惊的是她怎么能在如此热烈的讨论中保持冷静。 2. 动词短语+ it +that从句 常用于该句型的动词短语有depend on, rely on, count on, answer for等，it作形式宾语，后面的that从句是真正的宾语。 例1. You may depend on it that he will come to help you. 你可以相信他会来帮助你的。 例2. You must answer for it that you have made such a mistake. 你必须为你犯的这样一个错误负责。 3. 动词+ it +从句 常用于该句型的动词短语有like, hate, appreciate等，it作形式宾语，后面的从句是真正的宾语。 例1. I don't like it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜欢人们满嘴食物说话。 例2. I would appreciate it if you could help me. 如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。 得分速记 1. 动词有find, think, consider, make, feel等，经常跟it作形式宾语，再跟形容词或名词作宾语，然后跟that引导的真正的宾语从句。 2. depend on, rely on, count on, answer for等，常用it作形式宾语，后面的that从句是真正的宾语。 3. like, hate, appreciate等，常跟it作形式宾语，后面的从句是真正的宾语。 思维建模 名词性从句的解题思路 确定 连词 信息 提取 1． 确定从句类型：设空处无提示词，先根据主句的主谓结构确定是否为主语从句。 2． 确定连接词： (1)从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，用连接代词what、who、whom、which、whatever等。 (2)从句中不缺成分且句子意义完整，用that。 (2)从句中不缺成分，句意缺少“是否”，用if/whether。 (3)从句中缺少状语，根据句意，选择用连接副词where (表地点)、when (表时间)、how (表方式)、why (表原因)等。 对照 检验 核对 答案 考向4 考查it充当形式宾语的句子 例1 Teenagers always find hard to look for a university which is suitable for them. 例2 They consider worthwhile to spend so much money on the project. 【变式训练1·变载体】I find relaxing to sing a song with classmates between classes. 【变式训练2·变情景】4．My parents made a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. 考点二 宾语从句易错点 知识点1 感叹句用于宾语从句 1.主句+what+a(n)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语。 感叹句用于宾语从句时，用陈述语序；what的中心名词必须是名词；名词区分不可数名词以及可数名词单复数。 例1. She said what a lovely song it was. 她说那是一首多么动听的歌啊。 例2. I know what an interesting book you have bought! 我知道你买了一本多么有趣的书！ 2.主句+how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。 例1. She thought how beautiful the city was. 她认为这座城市多么美丽。 例2.We are talking about how amazing the movie is. 我们在谈论这部电影有多精彩。 知识点2 连接词that与连接代词what 类别 含义 that引导的宾语从句 无词义，仅起连接作用。在从句中不充当任何成分。在口语和非正式文体中常可省略。解题时看从句是否结构完整。 例1. I heard (that) the meeting was cancelled.会议被取消了。 例2. I know that he is a teacher. 我知道他是一个老师。 what引导的宾语从句 在从句中作“主语、宾语、表语”等。表示“所......的事物”，有实际含义。绝对不可省略。解题看从句中是否缺少主语或宾语等句子成分。 例1.She explained what had happened. 她解释了所发生的事。 例2. Can you remember what she said?你能记得她说的话吗？ 得分速记 1. 看从句结构：如果宾语从句结构完整，不缺少主语或宾语，就用that, 且常可省略。 例.I heard (that ) he was in Beijing. 我听说他在北京。从句主系表成分齐全。 2. 看句意：如果意思是“所......的某事/物”，且从句中明显缺少一个成分，就用what。 例.I heard what you said. 我听到了你所说的话。从句you said后面却宾语。 知识点3 连接词whether与连接词if 用法对比 构成 当介词后跟宾语从句时，常用whether引导，不用if； 例1. It all depends on whether they will support us. 这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。 引导宾语从句且不与or not直接连用时，if和whether均可。 例2.Please tell me if/whether you will go to the lectures tomorrow or not. 请告诉我你明天是否去听讲座。 与or not或to do不定式直接连用时，也必须用whether。 例3.Can you tell me whether or not the train has left? 你能告诉我火车是否已经离开了？ 知识点4 宾语从句用于虚拟语气易错点 特殊用法 构成 表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句，从句谓语动词用 “should +动词原形”，should可省略。常见动词：suggest, recommend, demand, require, insist, order, propose等。 例1.The teacher suggested that we (should) read more books. 老师建议我们多读些书。 例2.He insisted that she (should) accept the offer. 他坚持让她接受这个提议。 I wish that…后的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 例1. I wish I were a bird. 我希望我是一只鸟。 例2. She wishes she had studied harder. 她希望自己当初学习更努力。 would rather that…宾语从句表示 “宁愿某人做某事”， 表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 例1. I'd rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。 例2. She'd sooner he hadn't said that. 她宁愿他没说过那样的话。 考向1 考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气 例1 I wish I (learn) more about Neuschwanstein Castle before! The details on the buildings there are so unusual. 例2 I would rather you (help) me clean the house or cook the meals than lay on the sofa all day long. 【变式训练1·变载体】The captain commanded that his crew (take) a rest before the daybreak, but some of them still worked on the deck. 【变式训练2·变载体】The doctor insisted that the patient was badly hurt and that he (operate) on at once. 考向2 考查宾语从句中的时态、语态与主谓一致 例1 The teacher said that the sun (rise) from the east. 例2 He asked what (replace) common metals in the future. 【变式训练1·变情景】Arriving at the party in a great hurry, we were disappointed to find that the band (stop) playing. 【变式训练2·变载体】4．I knew John (not finish) the work by 5: 00 PM. 1.（2024新课标I卷） On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in is now northwestern Wyoming. 2.（2020年浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 3.（2023年浙江3月卷）Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A．where B．whether C．whose D．which 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$