第20讲 主语从句（专项训练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第20讲 主语从句 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 考查连接代词 考向02 考查连接副词 考向03 考查连接词that, whether, if 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查连接代词 在空白处填入适当的单词。 1．To start with, I intend to stress is that proper exercise is good for our health. 【答案】what 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：首先，我要强调的是，适当的运动对我们的健康有益。引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，故用what。故填what。 2．We promise attends the party will have a chance to take a photo with the movie star. 【答案】whoever 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们保证参加晚会的人都有机会和那位电影明星合影。设空处引导主语从句，作will have a chance to take a photo with the movie star的主语，主语从句“________ attends the party”中缺少主语，此处表示“无论谁”，因此用whoever引导主语从句，故填whoever。 3． one of the two he would like to take along is still unknown. 【答案】Which 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：他想带这两个中的哪一个，目前还不清楚。空格处引导的是主语从句，作定语修饰one，表示“哪一个”，表示做出的选择，用连接代词which引导，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Which。 4． makes John unquestionably the best is his talent and ability on the field. 【答案】What 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：使约翰毫无疑问成为最出色球员的原因在于他在球场上的天赋和能力。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意可知设空处应指John在场上的天赋和能力，故应用连接代词what来引导。位于句首, 首字母需大写。故填What。 5．But remains important is that we have incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention. 【答案】 what an 【解析】考查主语从句和冠词。句意：但重要的是，我们拥有一种强烈的思考和创造的愿望，而这正是真正的发明精神。第一空引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指代事物，应用连接代词what作引导词；第二空后desire是可数名词单数，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，incredible的发音是元音音素开头，应用an。故填what；an。 6．The head teacher said broke the rules would be punished. 【答案】whoever 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：校长说无论谁违反规定都会受到惩罚。said后是宾语从句，空处引导名词性从句作宾语从句的主语，主语从句中broke前无主语，结合“broke the rules”可知，主语指人，再结合“would be punished”可知，受到惩罚的是“任何违反规定的人”，因此用连接代词whoever作引导词。故填whoever。 7．In fact, we should do is take measures to learn English well. 【答案】what 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：事实上，我们应该做的是采取措施学好英语。此处需要使用连词引导主语从句，连词在从句中充当“do”的宾语，指事或物，因此需使用连接词what。故填what。 8． people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2, 000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3, 000 years, and the Chinese more still. 【答案】What 【解析】考查连接代词。句意：人们忘记的是，当意大利人来到澳大利亚时，他们带来了2000年的文化，希腊人带来了大约3000年的文化，中国人带来的文化更多。 people forget是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且意义为“……的事物”，应该用连接代词what引导从句。故填What。 9． I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too! 【答案】What 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我真正钦佩的是她承认良好的健康不仅让我们更美丽，而且也让我们更快乐的方式！“_________ I really admire”是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，结合句意，表示“(我真正钦佩的)事情”，用连接代词what引导主语从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 10． she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in science. 【答案】What 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：她不能理解的是，越来越少的学生对科学感兴趣。空处为主语从句的引导词，从句动词understand之后缺少宾语，表示“……的事情；……的东西”应用引导词what，空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填What。 11．Your support is important to our work, for you can do helps. 【答案】whatever 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，因为无论你们做什么都会有所帮助。for引导原因状语从句，设空处引导主语从句，表示“无论什么”，应用whatever，并在从句中作do的宾语。故填whatever。 12．The Olympic Games, the world’s greatest sporting event advocate the principle that matters is not winning but participating. 【答案】what 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：奥运会是世界上最伟大的体育赛事，它倡导的原则是：重要的不是取胜，而是参与。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“重要的不是取胜，而是参与”，因此空格处用what引导主语从句，故填what。 考向02 考查连接副词 在空白处填入适当的单词。 13． the new mayor will take office hasn’t been made public yet. 【答案】When 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：新市长何时上任还没有公布。空处引导主语从句，表达“何时上任”之意，用连接副词when引导；句首单词首字母大写。故填When。 14．It remains unknown they are going to get married. 【答案】when 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：他们什么时候结婚还是个未知数。it为形式主语，所以空处连接的是主语从句，在从句中作时间状语，表示“何时”，应用when连接，故填when。 15． one should go to college is a good question for many high school graduates. 【答案】Why 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：对于许多高中毕业生来说，为什么要上大学是一个很好的问题。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，结合从句句意可知，从句需要意思“为什么”，所以为连接副词why引导该主语从句，作原因状语。故填why。 16． the ancient people built the pyramids in the past with primitive tools puzzled people for centuries. 【答案】How 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：古代人是如何用原始的工具建造金字塔的，这个问题困扰了人们好几个世纪。空处引导主语从句，在句中作状语，表示“如何、怎样”，故应用连接副词how；句首字母大写。故填How。 17．It remains a challenge to be the best and I need that, too. is coming is coming. 【答案】What 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：保持最佳仍然是一个挑战，而我也需要这种挑战。该来的总会来。空格处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，且意义为“……的事物”，应该用连接代词what引导从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 18． surprises the teacher most is that Mike doesn’t even know the difference between the two words lies. 【答案】 What where 【解析】考查主语从句和宾语从句。句意：最让老师吃惊的是Mike甚至不知道这两个单词的区别在哪里。第一空引导的是主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，所以应用what引导，首字母大写为What；第二空引导的是宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，表示“……的地方”，所以应用where引导。故填①What；②where。 19．However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter my motivation lies? 【答案】where 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：然而，如果其他人在这个过程中受益，而我也得到一些回报，那么我的动机何在真的重要吗？该句为it作形式主语，空处引导主语从句作真正主语，且从句中缺少地点状语，意为“……的地方”，应用连接副词where引导。故填where。 20． different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground. 【答案】Why 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：之所以种植不同的作物，是因为它们能将重要的矿物质重新返回到土壤中。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，根据句子的逻辑关系，为什么种植不同作物的原因是因为它们把重要矿物质放回地下，这里需要一个引导原因的连接词，应用连接副词why引导主语从句，在从句中作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Why。 21． we should improve the living standards of the farmers remains a problem. 【答案】How 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：如何提高农民的生活水平仍然是一个问题。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“如何”应为how，在句中作方式状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填How。 22．Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 【答案】when 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：土豆确切是在何时被引进到欧洲不确定，但是可能是在1565年左右。根据后半句it was probably around 1565可知，此处谈论的是时间，使用when引导主语从句。故填when。 23． Li Bai, a noted Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it. 【答案】Where 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：李白，中国著名诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不接受。“______ Li Bai, a noted Chinese poet, was born”是主语从句，由was born可知，句子表示“李白的出生地是众所周知的”，空格处用where引导主语从句，表示“在……地方”。故填Where。 考向03 考查连接词that, whether, if 在空白处填入适当的单词。 24．It is a truth universally acknowledged a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. 【答案】that 【解析】考查连词。句意：凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已成为一条举世公认的真理。句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是空格后的主语从句，从句意义完整，不缺成分，应该用连词that引导。故填that。 25．It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future. 【答案】that 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：显然学生们应该为他们的未来做好准备。it is obvious that… 是固定句型，表示“显然……”，其中it作形式主语，that引导从句作真正的主语。故填 that。 26． we can have clean drinking water lies in effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 【答案】 Whether what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我们是否能有干净的饮用水取决于政府对水污染采取了什么有效的措施。we can have clean drinking water是句子的主语部分，空格处是主语从句的连接词，且意义为“是否”，应该用whether引导；第二个空格处引导宾语从句，且意义为“什么”，应该用what引导。故填Whether；what。 27． work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our social values. 【答案】That 【解析】考查连词。句意：工作和创造性活动是人类进步的重要推动力，这一观点深深植根于我们的社会价值观。work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress是句子的主语部分，该主语从句意义完整，不缺成分，应该用连词that引导。故填That。 28．It doesn’t matter you pay in cash or through Alipay in our store. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：你在我们店无论使用现金还是支付宝付款都没关系的。根据后面的or可知，空处用whether。whether...or...意为“是……还是……”。故填whether。 29． we will go to visit Hong Kong in this winter vacation remains unknown. 【答案】Whether/How 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：这个寒假我们是否/怎样去香港旅游还不得而知。空处位于句首，引导主语从句，主语从句的主干成分完整，结合“we will go to visit Hong Kong in this winter vacation”可知，空处可表达“是否”或“怎样”，因此用连接词whether或连接副词how作引导词，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Whether/How。 30． it was a genuine job offer or an eye-catching marketing event isn’t really important. 【答案】Whether 【解析】考查从属连词。句意：这究竟是一份真正的工作邀请，还是一次吸引眼球的营销活动，其实并不重要。whether...or...连接的成分作句子的主语,表示“是……还是……”,设空处是主语从句的引导词,且位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Whether。 31．It is said dogs can keep you company for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. 【答案】that 【解析】考查连接词。句意：据说当你感到孤独的时候，只要你想，狗就能陪伴你。it is said that“据说……”，that引导主语从句，从句句意和句子结构完整。故填that。 32． reading habits have changed can be felt from the amount of time young people spend sweeping through short videos on their smartphones. 【答案】That 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：阅读习惯的改变可以从年轻人在手机浏览视频的时间就可以感受的到。“_____ reading habits have changed”为名词性从句作主语，设空处为主语从句引导词，从句中不缺少任何成分且意义完整，引导词无词汇意义，用连接词that引导，句首单词首字母大写。故填That。 题型一 主语从句汉译英 把下列汉语句子翻译成英语。 1．她不能理解的是为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。（what，why）（汉译英） 【答案】What she couldn’t understand was why fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句和时态。根据句意，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，整体使用一般过去时。“她不能理解的”为主语部分，用从句作主语，从句中主语“她”译为she，谓语“不能理解”译为couldn’t understand，从句中缺少understand的宾语，指的是事情，所以使用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写，所以主语从句译为What she couldn’t understand；“是”为系动词，从句作主语，谓语动词用单数，根据时态，此处使用was；“为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣”为why引导的表语从句，主语“越来越少的学生”译为fewer and fewer students，“对……感兴趣”译为show interest in，show作谓语，应用一般过去时，宾语“她的课”译为her lessons，所以表语从句译为why fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons。故翻译为What she couldn’t understand was why fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 2．我们在俱乐部所做的事就是练习弹奏乐器。（what引导的名词性从句）（汉译英） 【答案】What we do in the club is practising playing musical instruments. 【详解】考查主语从句、动名词短语和名词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子提示要求可知，本句用 “what”引导主语从句，“What we do in the club”在句中作主语，其中“what”既引导从句，又在从句中作“do”的宾语，符合“what 引导名词性从句”的要求，位于句首，首字母需大写，主句谓语用“is”，表语部分用动名词短语“practise playing musical instruments”，“practise doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“练习做某事”；“musical instruments”表示“乐器”。结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时。故翻译为What we do in the club is practising playing musical instruments. 3．我想要的不只是一个普通的咖啡馆, 而是一个非常特别的咖啡馆。(汉译英) 【答案】What I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one. 【详解】考查主语从句、固定短语和并列结构。句子陈述事实，用一般现在时；“我想要的不只是……而是……”可以用What I want is not just... but...的结构来表达，其中“What I want”是主语从句，表示“我想要的东西”；not just... but...是固定句式，意为“不只是……而是……”；“一个普通的咖啡馆”翻译为an ordinary cafe；“一个非常特别的咖啡馆”为了避免重复，用“a very special one”来指代，其中“one”指代前面提到的cafe。故翻译为What I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one. 4．我突然间意识到自己犯下了一个严重的错误。(dawn on) (汉译英) 【答案】Suddenly it dawned on me that I had made a terrible mistake. 【详解】考查固定短语、主语从句和时态。表示“突然间”应用suddenly，作状语；表示“我意识到……”应用it dawn on me that...，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，dawn on“使某人突然明白”为动词短语，作谓语动词，句子陈述过去的事情用一般过去时；表示“我犯下了一个严重的错误”应用I had made a terrible mistake，其中I“我”为主语，谓语had made“犯下”为过去完成时态，表示“过去的过去”，a terrible mistake“一个严重的错误”为名词短语作宾语。故翻译为Suddenly it dawned on me that I had made a terrible mistake. 5．结果这位诺贝尔奖的获得者把他的成功归功于他不灰心并且迎难而上直面挑战。（turn out）(汉译英) 【答案】It turned out that the Nobel Prize winner attributed his success to his not losing heart and facing up to challenges. 【详解】考查动词和名词。分析句子可知，这里时态可用一般过去时表过去情况，表示“结果”应用it turned out that，it为形式主语，that后为主语从句；表示“这位诺贝尔奖的获得者”应用the Nobel Prize winner，在从句中作主语；表示“把……归功于”应用attributed...to，为固定搭配；表示“他的成功”应用his success，在本句中作宾语；表示“他不灰心并且迎难而上直面挑战”应用his not losing heart and facing up to challenges，这里为动名词的复合结构，在这里作介词后宾语。故翻译为It turned out that the Nobel Prize winner attributed his success to his not losing heart and facing up to challenges. 6．给我印象最深的是开幕式上精彩绝伦的演出。（主语从句; impress）(汉译英) 【答案】What impressed me most was the brilliant/excellent/fantastic performances at the opening ceremony. 【详解】考查主语从句和时态。分析句子结构并根据汉语提示，“给我印象最深的是……”可用what引导的主语从句，其中“让某人印象最深”用impress sb. most表示。“精彩绝伦的演出”可译为the brilliant/excellent /fantastic performances；“开幕式上”译为at the opening ceremony。根据句意，这里应描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故本句可翻译为：What impressed me most was the brilliant/excellent/fantastic performances at the opening ceremony. 7．即便人工智能正在引发各行各业的变革, 我们能否抵制对其的过度依赖仍有待进一步探索。（resist）（汉译英） 【答案】Even though artificial intelligence is triggering changes in all walks of life, it remains to be further explored whether we can resist excessive reliance on it. 【详解】考查连词及时态。“即便”使用Even though来引导让步状语从句，表明前后句之间的转折让步关系。“正在引发各行各业的变革”，说明动作正在进行，需用现在进行时，“引发”对应的英文单词是trigger，其现在分词形式为triggering ，“各行各业”常见英文表达为all walks of life，所以“即便人工智能正在引发各行各业的变革”翻译为Even though artificial intelligence is triggering changes in all walks of life。 “我们能否抵制对其的过度依赖仍有待进一步探索”，这里用it remains to be further explored，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面whether引导的主语从句，这种结构符合英语表达习惯，避免句子头重脚轻。“抵制”英文表达为resist，“过度的”是excessive，“依赖”用reliance on，“我们能否抵制对其的过度依赖”就译为whether we can resist excessive reliance on it。 故整句译为Even though artificial intelligence is triggering changes in all walks of life, it remains to be further explored whether we can resist excessive reliance on it. 8．他们所做的给他们带来快乐，而且丰富了他们自己的生活。(汉译英) 【答案】What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives. 【详解】考查主语从句。表示“他们所做的”用主语从句表达，主语从句中：用they作主语；表示“做”用动词do，从句描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式did；从句缺少did的宾语，指物，用what引导。表示“给他们带来快乐”用bring joy to others，表示“丰富了他们自己的生活”用enrich their own lives，强调动作对现在的影响（带来快乐并丰富生活），且两个动词为并列关系，共用助动词 has，突出动作的持续性和结果，时态用现在完成时，从句作主语，助动词用单数形式has。故翻译为What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives. 9．让科学家们忧心忡忡的是可再生能源虽被看好，但开发和运用速度尚未跟上需求。（concern）（汉译英） 【答案】What concerns scientists is that although renewable energy is promising, its development and application have not kept up with demand. 【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句、让步状语从句和动词短语。根据句意，“让科学家们忧心忡忡”是现在的状态，主句使用一般现在时；“开发和运用速度尚未跟上”是从过去持续到现在的情况，从句使用现在完成时。表示“让科学家们忧心忡忡的”为主语从句作主语，从句中缺少主语，指事情，所以使用连接代词what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写，表示“忧心忡忡”为concern，主语What视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，“科学家们”为scientists作宾语，所以主语从句可译为What concerns scientists；表示“是”为be动词，用单数形式，所以be动词为is作主句的谓语；表示“可再生能源虽被看好，但开发和运用速度尚未跟上需求”为表语从句，表语从句中不缺句子成分，且句意完整，所以使用连接词that引导表语从句，无实义；表语从句中包含although引导的让步状语从句，表示“可再生能源”为renewable energy作主语，“被看好”为is promising作谓语，所以，状语从句可译为although renewable energy is promising；表示“开发和运用”为development and application作表语从句中主句的主语，表示“尚未跟上”为现在完成时的否定形式have not kept up with作谓语，表示“需求”为demand作宾语，所以表语从句中的主句可译为its development and application have not kept up with demand。故翻译为What concerns scientists is that although renewable energy is promising, its development and application have not kept up with demand. 10．人们如何平衡工作和生活将对他们的幸福感产生重要影响。(difference)   (汉译英) 【答案】How people balance their work and life will make a difference to their happiness. 【详解】考查时态和主语从句。句子为主从复合句，主句中主语为“人们如何平衡工作和生活”，应用how引导该主语从句，表示“如何”，位于句首首字母大写，从句中主语“人们”people，“平衡工作与生活”balance their work and life，描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，people作主语，谓语balance用原形，主句谓语“对……产生重要影响”make a difference to，主句描述将来的动作或状态，应用一般将来时will do，“他们的幸福感”their happiness，作介词to的宾语。故翻译为How people balance their work and life will make a difference to their happiness. 11．小说描述的是一位近六十岁的老渔民。(汉译英) 【答案】What the novel describes is an old fisherman almost sixty years old. 【详解】考查主语从句、动词和短语。“小说描述的”作主语，可处理为主语从句what the novel describes，其中连接代词what引导从句并在从句中作宾语，从句描述客观事实用一般现在时态；“是”作谓语，用连系动词be，描述客观事实用一般现在时态is；表语“一位近六十岁的老渔民”用an old fisherman almost sixty years old，其中almost sixty years old作后置定语。综上，全句译为：What the novel describes is an old fisherman almost sixty years old. 12．孩子们在幼儿园被照顾得很好，这让家长们很放心。(汉译英) 【答案】That the children are taken good care of in the kindergarten makes parents feel relieved. 【详解】考查名词性从句和主谓一致。句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时；“孩子们”翻译为the children；“照顾”用动词短语take care of；“在幼儿园”翻译为in the kindergarten；“孩子们在幼儿园被照顾得很好”可以用that引导的主语从句表示，主语the children与动词短语take care of之间是被动关系，用被动语态，翻译为That the children are taken good care of in the kindergarten；“让”用动词make表示，主语是that引导的主语从句，谓语动词用三单形式makes；“家长们”翻译为parents；“很放心”翻译为feel relieved，make somebody do是固定搭配，动词feel用动词原形。故整句翻译为That the children are taken good care of in the kindergarten makes parents feel relieved. 13．他在哪里找到了丢失的钥匙仍然是个秘密。(汉译英) 【答案】Where he found the lost key remains a secret. 【详解】考查主语从句。“他在哪里找到了丢失的钥匙”可处理为主语从句，从句主语是he，谓语动词“找到”为find，陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，宾语“丢失的钥匙”表达为the lost key，表示“在哪儿”用连接副词where引导从句，并在从句中地点状语；主句陈述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，谓语“依然”表达为remain，从句作主语看作第三人称单数，故谓语动词用单数形式，表语“一个谜”表达为a secret。综上，故翻译为Where he found the lost key remains a secret. 14．他如何成功地解决了这个问题值得我们学习。（汉译英） 【答案】How he successfully solved the problem is worth learning from. 【详解】考查主语从句和固定短语。根据句意，该句描述客观事实，主句使用一般现在时；从句描述过去的动作，使用一般过去时。表示“他如何成功地解决了这个问题”为how引导的主语从句，“他”为he作主语，“成功地解决”为successfully solved作谓语，副词作状语修饰谓语动词，“这个问题”为the problem作宾语，位于句首单词首字母需大写，所以主语从句译为How he successfully solved the problem；表示“值得”为be worth，用于一般现在时，且主语从句作主语，谓语动词为单数形式，所以be动词为is，表示“学习”为learn from，在worth后使用动名词形式。故翻译为How he successfully solved the problem is worth learning from. 15．最让我惊讶的是他竟然通过了这次艰难的考试。(汉译英) 【答案】What surprised me most was that he passed the difficult exam. 【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句、动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知，该句应为What引导的主语从句，在该主语从句中，表示“使惊讶”为动词surprise；结合主句意思“最让我惊讶的是”翻译为What surprise me most；后接that引导的表语从句，在该表语从句中，表示“通过了这次艰难的考试”翻译为pass the difficult exam；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故翻译为：What surprised me most was that he passed the difficult exam. 题型二 主语从句英译汉 把下列英语句子翻译成汉语。 16．However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. (英译汉) 【答案】然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 【详解】考查短语和主语从句。However表示“然而”；what引导主语从句，what concerned him most was表示“最让他担心的是”；that引导表语从句，从句主语farmers为“农民”；often had poor harvests表示“经常歉收”；sometimes表示“有时”；even had a serious shortage of food to eat表示“甚至严重缺乏食物”。为一般过去时。故翻译为：然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 17．It’s vital that journalists should make sure of the accuracy of their reports. (英译汉) 【答案】记者要确保他们报道的准确性是十分重要的。 【详解】考查主语从句和形容词。本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，译为“记者要确保他们报道的准确性”is是谓语译为“是”，vital是形容词作表语，译为“十分重要的”，故翻译为：记者要确保他们报道的准确性是十分重要的。 18．What we say should be consistent with what we do. (英译汉) 【答案】我们所说的话应该与我们所做的事情相一致。/我们应当言行一致。 【详解】考查主语从句和短语。此处what引导主语从句，What we say表示“我们所说的话”；should表示“应该”；be consistent with表示“与……一致”；what we do为what引导宾语从句，表示“我们所做的事情”，故翻译为：我们所说的话应该与我们所做的事情相一致。/我们应当言行一致。 19．What impressed me most was that whenever he appeared in front of others, he often wore a big smile. (英译汉) 【答案】给我印象最深的是，每当他出现在别人面前，他总是带着灿烂的笑容。 【详解】考查主语从句，表语从句，固定短语和时间状语从句。“What impressed me most”是what引导的主语从句，翻译为“给我印象最深的”，was是“是”，“that whenever he appeared in front of others, he often wore a big smile”是that引导的表语从句，whenever意为“每当”，引导时间状语从句，appeared意为“出现”，“in front of”是固定短语，意为“在……面前”，others意为“别人，其他人”，“he often wore a big smile”翻译为“他总是带着灿烂的笑容”，因此整句话翻译为“给我印象最深的是，每当他出现在别人面前，他总是带着灿烂的笑容”。故答案为“给我印象最深的是，每当他出现在别人面前，他总是带着灿烂的笑容”。 20．Personally speaking, what I like most about Australia is the people themselves. (英译汉) 【答案】对我个人来说，澳大利亚让我最喜欢的就是这里的人民。 【详解】考查短语和主语从句。短语Personally speaking表示“对我个人来说”；what I like most about Australia表示“澳大利亚让我最喜欢的”，what引导主语从句；the people themselves表示“这里的人民”。故翻译为：对我个人来说，澳大利亚让我最喜欢的就是这里的人民。 21．And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude. (英译汉) 【答案】然后我意识到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激的词汇，事情会简单得多。grade 熟义: n. 成绩，年纪  生义: n.程度。 【详解】考查固定句型和名词。根据所给中文提示词，“It came to me then”为固定句型，意为“然后我意识到”，“how much easier it would be”为how引导的主语从句，意为“事情会简单得多”，“if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude.”为if引导的条件状语从句，其中“a range of”为固定短语，意为“一系列”，“that express different grades of gratitude”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词words，意为“表达不同程度感激”，其中grade的熟义本为“成绩，年纪”，此处为“程度”之意。故译为：然后我意识到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激的词汇，事情会简单得多。grade 熟义: n. 成绩，年纪   生义: n.程度。 22．However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is that you will be attacked. (英译汉) 【答案】然而，你越有礼貌，你被攻击的可能性就越小。 【详解】考查固定句型、形容词、it作形式主语、主语从句、动词语态。副词However“然而”，作状语。“the+比较级……，the+比较级……”为固定句型，表示“越……，就越……”。逗号前的句子中：主语是you“你”；are为系动词；形容词polite“礼貌的”，比较级为more polite，作表语。逗号后的句子中：形容词likely“可能的”，less likely“可能性较小”，作表语；形式主语为it；is为系动词；that引导主语从句。主语从句中：主语是you；attack意为“攻击”，will be attacked是“将被攻击”，是一般将来时的被动语态；从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故翻译为：然而，你越有礼貌，你被攻击的可能性就越小。 23．The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship offered us. (英译汉) 【答案】食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。 【详解】考查主语从句和动词时态。The food was wonderful and different意为“食物妙不可言、与众不同”；but意为“但是”；what was even more important意为“更为重要的是”，what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语；was意为“是”； the friendship offered us意为“我们所获得的友谊”。故翻译成：食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。 24．It emerged that the company was going to be sold.（英译汉） 【答案】事已清楚，这家公司准备售出。 【详解】考查名词性从句。分析句子结构，这是一个包含主语从句的复合句，it为形式主语，It emerged that为主句部分，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时；可翻译为“事已清楚”；the company was going to be sold为主语从句部分，可翻译为“这家公司准备售出”，故翻译为：事已清楚，这家公司准备售出。 25．What we do insist on is that the pictures are taken by you and so we’ll need the film to prove that as well. (英译汉) 【答案】我们坚持要求的事是这些照片由你拍摄并且我们需要底片来证实。 【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。本句为为复合句。What we do insist on表“我们坚持要求的事”，为主语从句，在本句中作主语；is“是”，为系动词；that the pictures are taken by you“这些照片由你拍摄”，为表语从句，在本句中作表语；and so we’ll need the film to prove that as well表“并且我们需要底片来证实”。故翻译为：我们坚持要求的事是这些照片由你拍摄并且我们需要底片来证实。 1.(2021年新高考I卷阅读理解) What makes the book fascinating is the unique perspective of the author. 【译文】使这本书引人入胜的是作者独特的视角。 【解析】What makes the book fascinating是整个句子的主语，what在从句中作主语。 2. (2019年北京卷) It is a pity that you missed the exciting football match. 【译文】很遗憾你错过了那场激动人心的足球比赛。 【解析】It是形式主语，真正的主语是that you missed the exciting football match. 3. （2018年天津卷完形填空）It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. 【译文】他突然想起来他把钥匙落在办公室了。 【解析】It是形式主语，真正的主语是that he had left his keys in the office。 4. （2017全国卷）What we need is more time and practice. 【译文】我们需要的是更多的时间和练习。 【解析】What we need 是主语从句，what在从句中作动词need的宾语。 5. （2020年江苏卷阅读理解）How a person reacts to criticism often shows their character. 【译文】一个人如何对待批评通常能显示其性格。 【解析】How a person reacts to criticism是主语从句，how在从句中作方式状语。 6. （2013年辽宁卷）Why he resigned from his well-paid job is still a mystery. 【译文】他为什么辞去高薪工作仍然是个谜。 【解析】Why he resigned from his well-paid job是主语从句，why在从句中作原因状语。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第20讲 主语从句 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 考查连接代词 考向02 考查连接副词 考向03 考查连接词that, whether, if 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查连接代词 在空白处填入适当的单词。 1．To start with, I intend to stress is that proper exercise is good for our health. 2．We promise attends the party will have a chance to take a photo with the movie star. 3． one of the two he would like to take along is still unknown. 4． makes John unquestionably the best is his talent and ability on the field. 5．But remains important is that we have incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention. 6．The head teacher said broke the rules would be punished. 7．In fact, we should do is take measures to learn English well. 8． people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2, 000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3, 000 years, and the Chinese more still. 9． I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too! 10． she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in science. 11．Your support is important to our work, for you can do helps. 12．The Olympic Games, the world’s greatest sporting event advocate the principle that matters is not winning but participating. 考向02 考查连接副词 在空白处填入适当的单词。 13． the new mayor will take office hasn’t been made public yet. 14．It remains unknown they are going to get married. 15． one should go to college is a good question for many high school graduates. 16． the ancient people built the pyramids in the past with primitive tools puzzled people for centuries. 17．It remains a challenge to be the best and I need that, too. is coming is coming. 18． surprises the teacher most is that Mike doesn’t even know the difference between the two words lies. 19．However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter my motivation lies? 20． different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground. 21． we should improve the living standards of the farmers remains a problem. 22．Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 23． Li Bai, a noted Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it. 考向03 考查连接词that, whether, if 在空白处填入适当的单词。 24．It is a truth universally acknowledged a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. 25．It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future. 26． we can have clean drinking water lies in effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 27． work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our social values. 28．It doesn’t matter you pay in cash or through Alipay in our store. 29． we will go to visit Hong Kong in this winter vacation remains unknown. 30． it was a genuine job offer or an eye-catching marketing event isn’t really important. 31．It is said dogs can keep you company for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. 32． reading habits have changed can be felt from the amount of time young people spend sweeping through short videos on their smartphones. 题型一 主语从句汉译英 把下列汉语句子翻译成英语。 1．她不能理解的是为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。（what，why）（汉译英） 2．我们在俱乐部所做的事就是练习弹奏乐器。（what引导的名词性从句）（汉译英） 3．我想要的不只是一个普通的咖啡馆, 而是一个非常特别的咖啡馆。(汉译英) 4．我突然间意识到自己犯下了一个严重的错误。(dawn on) (汉译英) 5．结果这位诺贝尔奖的获得者把他的成功归功于他不灰心并且迎难而上直面挑战。（turn out）(汉译英) 6．给我印象最深的是开幕式上精彩绝伦的演出。（主语从句; impress）(汉译英) 7．即便人工智能正在引发各行各业的变革, 我们能否抵制对其的过度依赖仍有待进一步探索。（resist）（汉译英） 8．他们所做的给他们带来快乐，而且丰富了他们自己的生活。(汉译英) 9．让科学家们忧心忡忡的是可再生能源虽被看好，但开发和运用速度尚未跟上需求。（concern）（汉译英） 10．人们如何平衡工作和生活将对他们的幸福感产生重要影响。(difference)   (汉译英) 11．小说描述的是一位近六十岁的老渔民。(汉译英) 12．孩子们在幼儿园被照顾得很好，这让家长们很放心。(汉译英) 13．他在哪里找到了丢失的钥匙仍然是个秘密。(汉译英) 14．他如何成功地解决了这个问题值得我们学习。（汉译英） 15．最让我惊讶的是他竟然通过了这次艰难的考试。(汉译英) 题型二 主语从句英译汉 把下列英语句子翻译成汉语。 16．However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. (英译汉) 17．It’s vital that journalists should make sure of the accuracy of their reports. (英译汉) 18．What we say should be consistent with what we do. (英译汉) 19．What impressed me most was that whenever he appeared in front of others, he often wore a big smile. (英译汉) 20．Personally speaking, what I like most about Australia is the people themselves. (英译汉) 21．And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude. (英译汉) 22．However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is that you will be attacked. (英译汉) 23．The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship offered us. (英译汉) 24．It emerged that the company was going to be sold.（英译汉） 25．What we do insist on is that the pictures are taken by you and so we’ll need the film to prove that as well. (英译汉) 1.(2021年新高考I卷阅读理解) What makes the book fascinating is the unique perspective of the author. 2. (2019年北京卷) It is a pity that you missed the exciting football match. 3. （2018年天津卷完形填空）It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. 4. （2017全国卷）What we need is more time and practice. 5. （2020年江苏卷阅读理解）How a person reacts to criticism often shows their character. 6. （2013年辽宁卷）Why he resigned from his well-paid job is still a mystery. 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$