2025年江苏省苏州市小升初英语语法知识点讲义

江苏省苏州市小升初英语语法知识 1、名词单数形式变复数形式规则 (1) 一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds　　 (2) 以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches　　 (3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries　　 (4) 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives wolf-wolves (5) 不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, Chinese-Chinese, Janpanese-Japanese 不可数名词没有单复数之分。 2、名词所有格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格： a) 单数后加 ’s ，如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’，如: his friends’ bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s，如： children’s shoes 并列名词中，如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of ＋名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom ， a map of China 3、冠词：不定冠词、定冠词 基本介绍： a) 不定冠词：a / an (元音因素开头的可数名词前用an) 注意： a unit / an uncle an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an art lesson / b) 定冠词：the the egg the plane 定冠词的用法： a. 特指某（些）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk. b. 复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new. c. 谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school. d. 在序数词前： John’s birthday is February the second. e. 用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况： a. 专有名词前：China is a big country. b. 名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等： This is my baseball. c. 复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers. d. 在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday. e. 一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30. f. 球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. 西洋乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well. g. 学科名称前：My favorite subject is music. h. 在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li. i. 固定词组中：at noon at night by bus 4、代词：人称代词、物主代词 　 人称代词 物主代词 　 人称代词 物主代词 主格 宾格 第一 人称 单数 I（我） me my（我的） 复数 we（我们） us our（我们的） 第二 人称 单数 you（你） you your（你的） 复数 you（你们） you your（你们的） 第三 人称 单数 he（他） him his（他的） she（她） her her（她的） it（它） it its（它的） 复数 they（他们/她们/它们） them their（他们的/她们的/它们的） 5、数词：基数词、序数词 基数词 （1）1-20 one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen， sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty （2）21-99：先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。 23→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→eighty-nine，91→ninety-one 序数词 （1）一般在基数词后加th eg.four→fourth，thirteen→thirteenth （2）不规则变化 eg.one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve—twelfth （3）以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加th eg.twenty→twentieth， forty→fortieth， ninety→ninetieth 基数词转为序数词的口诀： 基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th. 一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty将y变成i，th前面有个e. 若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。 6、介词：常用介词：in, on, at, behind等 表示时间的介词： 1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。（在某时刻、时间、阶段等）。 at 1：00（dawn，midnight，noon）在一点钟（黎明、午夜、中午）  2．on 表示具体日期。 注：a) 关于"在周末"的几种表示法： at（on）the weekend在周末---特指 at（on）weekends在周末---泛指 over the weekend在整个周末 during the weekend在周末期间  b) 在圣诞节期间，应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas 3．in 表示"时段"、"时期" in 年in月in季节/ in the morning/afternoon/ evening 7、形容词与副词 (1)形容词：用来修饰名词或代词，描述人或物的性质、特征、状态等，一般放在名词前。如：beautiful, little, small, lovely。 a beautiful girl, a little boy, a tall tree (2)副词：一般放在be动词、助动词、情态动词的后面，实意动词的前面，修饰动词，修饰动词，表示动作发生的方式，频率等等。如：quietly, loudly, happily。 shout loudly, smile happily, walk quickly 形容词变副词的规律： a.在形容词后面直接加ly，如：loud-loudly, quiet-quietly, quick-quickly, careful-carefully b.辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i加ly, 如：happy-happily c.不规则变化：early-early, hard-hard, late-late, high-high, far-far 8、一般现在时 一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 一般现在时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上s(动词第三单形式)，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。　　 在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not，一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 在一般现在时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t)，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用do+not (don’t)，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。　　 动词+s的变化规则: (1)一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks　　 (2)以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes, do-does　 (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 9、现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 肯定句基本结构为：主语 + be + 动词ing + 其他.　　 否定句：主语 + be + not + 动词ing +其他.　　 一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + 动词ing + 其他？　 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing + 其他？ 动词加ing的变化规则　 (1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking　　 (2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting　　 (3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母(重读闭音节)，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping. 10、一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。　　 (1)Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：　 a)am 和is在一般过去时中变为was (was not=wasn’t)　　 b) are在一般过去时中变为were (were not=weren’t)　 c) 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。　 (2)句中没有be动词的一般过去时: 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 +其他. 否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他. 如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：　　 a)特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他? 如： What did Jim do yesterday? b)疑问词当主语时：特殊疑问词+动词过去式+其他? 如：Who went to home yesterday?　 动词过去式变化规则：　 1.一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked　 2.结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted　　 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 11、一般将来时 基本结构：be going to + do； will+ do I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 12、感叹句 What引导的感叹句： 1)What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语 ！（后面的主语和谓语可省略） What a great dream it is! What an interesting story it is! 2)What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语 ！（后面的主语和谓语可省略） What beautiful flowers they are！ 3)What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语 ！（后面的主语和谓语可省略） What delicious food it is！ What nice food it is ！ How引导的感叹词： How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语 ！（后面的主语和谓语可省略） How beautiful the city is！ How happily the children are playing！ 13、祈使句 祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事，是表示命令、请求、劝告或建议等的句子。祈使句的第二人称主语you通常省略，并以动词原形开头，祈使句的句尾可用句号或感叹号，一般用降调。 (1)肯定祈使句： 主语为第二人称的祈使句： Open the door, please! 请把门打开！ Close the door, please! 请关上门！ Be careful! 主语为第一人称的祈使句： Let me have a look. 让我看一看 主语为第三人称的祈使句： Let + 第三人称名词或代词(him,her,it,them) + 其他。 Let him go there. Let her answer the question. (2)否定祈使句 祈使句的否定形式是在动词前面加don’t. Don’t sleep here. Don’t cross the road now. 练习检测题 一．选择题（共50小题） 1．On _________ Day, there will be a big party.（　　） A．Child’s B．Children’s C．Children D．Child 2．Do you know Tu Youyou？He is a great Chinese .（　　） A．teacher B．scientist C．doctor D．astronaut 3．The ________ on the table are very sharp.（　　） A．knife B．knifes C．knives D．a knife 4．I exercise every day to stay _________.（　　） A．health B．healthily C．healthy D．unhealthy 5．_________ mother is a teacher.（　　） A．Lucy’s and Tom’s B．Lucy and Tom’s C．Lucy’s and Tom D．Lucy and Tom 6．This pen isn’t _______, and it is _______ pen. （ ） A.yours; my B. your;mine C. your;my D. yours;mine 7．____ makes people healthy. My father ______ every day. （ ） A. Swim;swim B. Swim;swims C. Swimming;swim D. Swimming;swims 8．What about _______ us ________your city？ （ ） A.show; off B. showing; around C. showing; to D. show; in 9．I have dinner at six o'clock every evening.（　　） A．in B．on C．at D．/ 10．—________ do you usually play ping-pong? —Twice a week. ( ) A．How long B．How often C．How far D．How 11．It was Helen’s ______ birthday yesterday, Her mother______ her a nice dress. ( ) A. ninth; gave B. ninth; give C. the ninth; gave D. nine; gave 12．-Mum，Can I have ________ ice cream？（　　） A．some B．any C．a few D．few 13．—Do you think it is ________ useful book? (    ) —Yes. I got ________ “A” in my writing exam last Friday after reading it. A．an; the B．a; an C．the; a D．an; a 14．—Mike usually takes _______ bus to go to school, but today he goes to school by ________bike.( ) A. a; / B. / ; / C. / ; a D. a; a 15．The shoes look very nice. Please _________. (        ) A．try it on B．try them on C．try on them D．try on it 16．—What are you going to do ________ the party? —I’m going to bring some drinks and snacks ________ the party. ( ) A．at; to B．at; for C．for; for D．for; to 17．She ________ be Helen. She went to Beijing yesterday. (    ) A．shouldn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．doesn’t 18．Uncle John usually drives to work, but he ________ goes to work by metro. (    ) A．never B．always C．often D．sometimes 19．________ interesting story it is! (    ) A．What B．What an C．How D．How an 20．—Look! There ________ a computer,and some books in Liu Tao’s room. ( ) A．be B．is C．are D．being 21．—Is there going to ________ a football match this afternoon? (    ) —No, there isn’t. But we are going to ________ a parents’ meeting. A．be; be B．have; have C．be; have D．have; be 22．Keep ________. Don’t speak _________. (    ) A．quietly; loudly B. quiet; loudly C.quietly; loud D. quietly;loudly 23．You need to __________ cars and bikes. ( ) A．look for B．look out C．look out for D．look out of 24．Thank you for ________ me _________ English. ( ) A．helping; in B．helping; with C．help; with D．help; in 25.I saved (救) a little and thin cat _________ a cold morning _________ winter. ( ) A.in; on B. on; in C. at; in D. in; at 26.—Would you like ___________ to eat? —I don’t want _________ to eat. ( ) A.anything; something B. something; something C. something; anything D.anything;anything 27.I can’t play _______ piano, but I can play ________ Chinese chess well. ( ) A.the; the B. the; / C. / ; the D. a; the 28.I have _________ lessons on weekends. I want to be a ________ in the future. ( ) A.painting; painter B. paint; painting C. painter; painting D. paint; paint 29.The task is a little difficult. Let _______ help you. ( ) A.they B. them C. their D. theirs 30.Lucy stayed up last night, so she felt _________ this morning. ( ) A.sleepy B. sleeping C. sleep D. slept 31.________ of my parents are teachers. ( ) A.All B. None C. Neither D. Both 32.The man with sunglasses _________ my father. ( ) A.Be B. are C. is D. am 33.My mother is __________ after hearing this __________ news. ( ) A.exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited;excited 34.They had fun _________ snowmen last winter holiday. ( ) A.make B. makes C. made D. making 35.It’s time __________ breakfast. ( ) A.to B. for C. having D. have 36.The boy walked by a shop and _______ some fruit and vegetables. ( ) A.bought B. to buy C. buying D. buyed 37._________ morning exercises is good for our health. ( ) A.To do B. Do C. Doing D. Did 38. Wait a minute. I __________ back soon. ( ) A. came B. come C. coming D. will come 39.Mike ________ some books ________ the school library. ( ) A.borrow from B. borrow for C. lend to D. lend from 40.Sam is helpful. He is always happy _________ others. ( ) A.helping B. to help C. help D. helps 41.Road ________ is very important. We should know something about it.( ) A.safe B. safely C. safety D. be safe 42.Quiet! Sam and Bobby _________ the play The King’s clothes.( ) A.are getting on B. are putting on C. are trying on D. put on 43. Sarah is good at ________ swimming. ( ) A. playing B. play C. played D. to play 44. Tina’s family went _______ and had a picnic last weekend. ( ) A. hike B. hiked C. hiking D. to hike 45. Lucy’s father can use wood _________ all kinds of furniture (家具). ( ) A. making B. make C. made D. to make 46. —I don't like drinking cola, ________. ( ) A. either B. too C. as well D. also 47. I am ________ my brother. I can’t _______ him. ( ) A. looking for; see B. looking out for; see C. looking for; find D. looking out for; find 48. _______ or run on the road, please. ( ) A. Don’t play B. Play C. Didn’t play D. Don’t 49.— Are these your trousers? —____________. ( ) A. Yes, it is. B. No, these aren’t. C. No, they aren’t D. Yes, these are. 50. —________ that man? —He is my uncle,Mr. Jones.( ) A. Whose B. Who’s C. What’s D. When 二．根据所给单词的适当形式填空。（共50小题） 1．My father 　 　 （buy） me a new bike last month. 2．My sister often　 　 （fly） kites in the park on Sunday. 3．We should cross the road____________（safe）. 4．Listen!The Greens 　 （plan） for the summer holiday. 5．Please wait a minute. I 　 （finish） my homework soon. 6. There__________ (be) any orange juice in the fridge just now. 7. Jane is good at _________ (write) stories. 8. He sometimes feels _________ (sleep) in class. 9. Everyone should have a ________ （health) diet. 10. Mr. Green sometimes _________ (have) some fish for dinner. 11. Can you teach me how _________ (paint) pictures well? 12. Could you tell me the _________ (science) address. I’d like to visit him. 13. It’s not easy for us ________ (keep) goldfish. 14. Ben is ________(interesting) in PE. 15. Tim ___________ (watch) fireworks with us tomorrow morning. It’s great. 16. _______ (bring) some snacks from your home, please. 17. I can’t wait ________ (travel) around the world. 18. Sue started ________ (make) a living by painting when she was four. 19. It takes me three hours ________ (finish) my homework. 20. Tony spends two thousand yuan ________ (buy) a phone. 21. Xu Xiake, one of the most famous _________ (travel), is my uncle. 22. David always _________ (fly) kites in Spring. 23. Wangbing, would you like _________ (play) games with us after school? 24. On _______ (child) Day, a big party will take place at Sunshine School. 25. We will learn a lot about ________ (cook) on the Internet. 26. Road _______ (safe) comes first. 27. Everyone should have a _________ diet and eat _________. (health) 28. Bob is a ________ boy. He always laugh _________. (happy) 29. The________ girls are having a match. The ________ girl is a Japanese. (nine) 30. These aren’t________ (we) coats. They are _______ (you). 31. Here comes three _________ (bus). 32. Can you wait for me half ________ hour (a). 33. ________ (they) house is big. 34. On _______ (woman) Day, I bought some flowers for my mother. 35. What _______ (be) your sisters’ phone numbers? 36. Bill likes _______, and he wants to be a ________ (art). 37. To get up ______(early), she goes to bed at 9p.m.. 38. She _______ (wake) up her mother this morning. 39. Mr wang can make maths ______ (easy) for us. 40. Li Ming likes _______ (watch) films at weekends. 41. Did Helen ________ (get) up late this morning? 42. I ______ (meet) my old friend, Linda on the street yesterday. 43. The astronauts are wonderful. They are our _______ (hero). 44. We are all ________ (China). 45. There are a few________(baby) in the room. 46. It’s about ten__________ (minute) walk from your home to the school. 47. I will go to a ________ school and I can be ________. (cook) 48. These two pairs of gloves _______ (be) for my parents. 49. “No_______!” means you can’t ______ here. (swim) 50. My hobby is _______(shop). 第1页（共1页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$