Unit 3 Family matters（知识清单）英语外研版2019必修第一册

Unit 3 Family matters 单词 1.________ n. 人物；角色 2.________ v. 走近，靠近 3.________ n. 聊天；闲谈 4.________ v. (把……）集中（于） 5.________ v. 假定，假设，认为 6.________ v./n. 尊重；尊敬 7.________ n. （音乐）录音室 8.________ n. 法院，法庭 9.________ v. 忽视；不理 10.________ adj. 职业的；专业的 11.________ n. 天赋，才能 12.________ n. 选择，可选择的东西 13.________ n. 一代（人） 14.________ n. 差距，差别 15.________ adv. 现时，当前 16.________ adv. 经常 17.________ adj. 负有责任的，应承担责任的 18.________ n. 记忆；回忆 19.________ adv. 现今，现时 20.________ n. 皮肤 21.________ n. 慢跑锻炼 22.________ adj. 苗条的；修长的 23.________ n. 国家 24.________ v. 力求达到 25.________ n. 议题；争论的问题 26.________ n. 主题 27.________ v. 庆祝，过（节日、生日等） 28.________ n. 一系列 29.________ n. 活动 30.________ v. 道歉 31.________ n. 重音，重读 32.________ n. 作用，影响 33.________ n. 强烈程度 34.________ v. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕 35.________ v. 认为；判断 36.________ v. 和解，结束（争论） 37.________ n. 系列比赛 38.________ prep. 到…… 上；向…… 上，朝…… 上 39.________ n. 跑道 40.________ n. 新闻媒体；传媒 41.________ adv. 明显地，显而易见地 42.________ n. （报纸或杂志的）特写 43.________ adv. 一般，通常 44.________ adj. 独特的，与众不同的（一般含褒义） 45.________ n. 风格 46.________ adj. 额外的，另外的 47.________ n. 细节，细微之处 48.________ v. 包含，含有 49.________ n. 概要；总结 50.________ adj. 强有力的，有影响力的 51.________ prep. 尽管，虽然 52.________ prep. 在整个期间，自始至终 53.________ adj. 全部的；整个的 54.________ adv. 极其；非常 55.________ n. 运动员，田径运动员 56.________ n. 奖牌；勋章 57.________ adv. 用某种方法；不知怎的 58.________ adv. 当然，确实 短语 1.求助____________ 2.专注于____________ 3.接受某人的建议____________ 4.冷静下来____________ 5.提高嗓音____________ 6.不加思索地匆匆投入____________ 7.对…… 感到自豪____________ 8.在舞台上____________ 9.与…… 有冲突____________ 10.惊讶地____________ 11.对 (做) 某事负责____________ 12.与…… 有关____________ 13.在…… 范围内变化____________ 14.因 (做) 某事向某人道歉____________ 15.领先____________ 16.勉强接受____________ 17.有时____________ 18.最终____________ 19.留下____________ 20.以…… 为目标；力求……；对准……____________ 21.与…… 竞争____________ 22.就在那时____________ 23.与…… 合作____________ 熟词生义 1.____________ n. 人物；角色 2.____________ v.力求达到 3.____________ v. 庆祝，过（节日、生日等） 4.____________ n.重音，重读 5.____________ n. 强烈程度 6.____________ v.认为；判断 句型 1. 倒装句 Oh look, here comes my boy. 2. 被动语态 Lawyers help people and are respected by others. 3. 虚拟语气的宾语从句 I wish she had come! 4. with复合结构 With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother, Jonny, was in the lead. 5. 虚拟语气的条件句 Mum wouldn't have been happy if I'd left Jonny behind. 6.过去分词作状语 Watched by millions, the ending to the race has divided opinions：should the brothers have been disqualified or highly praised for their actions? 语法 动词的时态 一、词汇清单 知识点1. character /ˈkærɪktə/ n. (书、剧本、电影等中的) 人物，角色 【教材原句】It has a plot, settings, characters and actions, as well as dialogue between characters.(教材P34) 它包含情节、场景、人物角色与情节动作，同时还有人物之间的对话。 【拓展】 1. 核心含义及用法 character 除教材中的 “人物，角色” 外，还有两个常用含义： 含义 1：(人的) 性格，品质(不可数名词) 用法：强调人的内在特质，如善良、勇敢等，不用于描述外貌。 例：She has a warm and friendly character.(她性格热情友好。) 注意：此处为抽象名词具体化。 含义 2：(书写或印刷的) 文字，符号(可数名词) 用法：特指汉字、字母等书写符号，常见于 “汉字” 相关表达。 例：Chinese characters are difficult to write for beginners.(汉字对初学者来说很难写。) 2. 常见搭配 The main character in this novel is a student.(这本小说的主角是一名学生。) The supporting character helps the main character solve problems.(配角帮助主角解决问题。) We all believe he is a man of good character.(我们都相信他是个品行端正的人。) Her strong character helped her get through hard times.(她坚强的性格帮她度过了难关。) 3. 词形转换及搭配 形容词：characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/(意为 “典型的，特有的”) 搭配：be characteristic of(是…… 的典型特征) 例：It is characteristic of him to be late.(迟到是他的典型特点。) 动词：characterize /ˈkærəktəraɪz/(意为 “描述…… 的特征；具有…… 特征”) 搭配 1：characterize sb./sth. as...(把某人 / 某物描述为……) 例：People often characterize him as a hard-working student.(人们常把他描述成勤奋的学生。) 搭配 2：be characterized by(以…… 为特征) 例：This city is characterized by its old buildings.(这座城市以古建筑为特色。) 4. 近义词辨析(character vs. role) 两者都可表示 “角色”，但用法有差异： character指作品中 “有血有肉的人物”，强调角色的性格、身份 描述小说、电影中 “人物本身” The character of Harry Potter is very brave.(哈利·波特这个人物很勇敢。) role指 “角色的职能、作用”，强调角色在故事中的功能 常与 play(扮演) 、take(担任) 搭配 She played the role of a teacher in the play.(她在剧中扮演老师的角色。) 【写作佳句】 In the story I wrote, the main character is a 16-year-old student who always helps others, and her kind character makes her popular among her classmates.​ 在我写的故事里，主角是一名 16 岁的学生，她总是帮助别人，善良的性格让她在同学中很受欢迎。 【经典练】 1.The main ____________ (character) in the novel is a brave girl who fights for justice. 2.Her kind ____________ (character) makes her always ready to help people in need. 3.Learning to write Chinese ____________ (character) well takes a lot of practice. 4.It is ____________ (character) of my father to get up early and do morning exercises every day. 5.This small town ____________ (characterize) by its quiet streets and old stone houses. 6.The two ____________ (character) in the play have very different ____________ (character) — one is shy and the other is outgoing. 知识点2. approach v．接近，靠近　 【教材原句】　(nervously approaching the table) Erm… Dad, can we talk?(教材P35) (紧张地走近餐桌) 呃…… 爸爸，我们能谈谈吗？ 【拓展】 n．途径，方法，接近 an approach to...　　 ……的方法；去……的道路 All approaches to the town were blocked. 所有去城里的路都被堵住了。 at the approach of 在……将要来到的时候 approach还可以理解为“与……打交道”的意思。 The staff soon found the new manager easy to approach. 员工很快发现这位新经理平易近人。 近义词相关搭配： approach: an approach to (doing) sth. way: in this way, the way to do/of doing sth. method: with this method, the method of doing sth. 【写作佳句】 ①As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs. 我走近那幢房子时，注意到楼上有灯光。 ②As Teachers' Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day. 教师节日益临近，我们班决定举行聚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。 【经典练】 语法填空： 1.Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening _______________ (approach). 由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 2.All approaches ______________the airport were blocked by the heavy traffic. 所有去机场的路都被拥挤的车辆堵死了。 3.The best approach to______________ (learn) a foreign language is the study of the spoken language. 学习外语的最好的途径是学口语。 知识点3. focus　 n．焦点；中心点vt.(把……) 集中(于) ；聚焦 【教材原句】I want to focus on my band and have a career in music when I leave school.　(教材P35) 当我毕业的时候，我想专注于我的乐队并从事音乐事业。 【拓展】 focus on　　　　 集中(注意力、精力等) 于…… focus/fix one’s attention on sth. 把某人的注意力集中到…… the focus of attention 关注的焦点 【写作佳句】 As is known to us, children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents. 众所周知，孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。 【经典练】 语法填空 1.To lead a happy life in the future, you should focus more ________ your career while you are young. 2.He didn’t hear what I say because he was focusing his attention __________ the painting on the wall just now. 知识点4. assume　 vt.认为；假设，假定；承担 【教材原句】You just assume I want to be a lawyer, but that’s only because you are a lawyer.(教材P35) 你就认为我想当一名律师，可是那只是因为你是律师。 【拓展】 assume...to be... 认为……是……； 假定……是…… It is assumed that... 人们认为…… assuming that... 假定……(作状语) assumption n. 假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 【写作佳句】 People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment. 人们认为他们所做的对环境几乎没什么影响。 【经典练】 语法填空 1._____________ (assume) that there weren’t the hard work of the dustman, what can you imagine our city will be like? 2.A lot of people make the_____________ (assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World. 知识点5. respect　n．尊重；(pl.) 敬意，问候 vt.尊敬，敬重；遵守 【教材原句】Lawyers help people and are respected by others.(教材P35) 　 律师帮助人们并受到他人的尊重。 【拓展】 respect sb./sth. for sth.　 因某事尊敬/尊重某人/物 show/have respect for... 对……表示尊重/尊敬 win/gain/earn the respect of... 赢得……的尊重 give/send one’s respects to 代某人向……问候 【写作佳句】 She has always been honest with me, and I respect her for that. 她一直对我很诚实，我因此非常敬重她。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.I have the greatest respect______________ all of my teachers. 2.The new teacher soon won the respect ______________ his students. 知识点6.ignore　 vt.不理睬；忽视 【教材原句】(ignoring Grandfather’s words) Stop daydreaming!(教材P35) (不理会祖父的话) 不要白日做梦了。 【拓展】 ignore danger/facts　　　 不顾危险/事实 ignore one’s advice/mistakes 忽视某人的建议/过错 ignore traffic rules 无视交通规则 ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的 ignorance n. 无知；愚昧 【写作佳句】 1.I said hello to him, but he ignored me completely. 我向他问好，但是他完全不理睬我。 2.He ignored my advice so he failed in the game. 他无视我的忠告并因此输掉了比赛。 【经典练】 语法填空 1.Some people always do everything they like, but are____________ (ignore) of others’ feelings. 2.That unsuitable remark exposed his ____________(ignore) of the subject. 知识点7. suit　 v．适合；合适；相配　n．套装 【教材原句】Yes, and you have found the career that suits your talents.(教材P36) 是的，你已经找到了一份适合你才能的职业。 【拓展】 suit sb.fine 很合某人的意；对某人很合适 suitable adj. 适当的；相配的；恰当的 be suitable for... 适合于…… be suitable to do... 适合做某事 近义词辨析 fit 指大小、尺寸、形状合适，引申为“吻合” suit 指款式、需要、口味、条件、地位、衣着适合某人，使人看上去有吸引力，另外，用于比喻意义时多用suit 【写作佳句】 1.As a student, you’d better choose the activities which interest you and suit you. 作为一名学生，你最好选择那些你感兴趣并适合你的活动。 2.I want to take this jacket because it fits me well and matches my trousers, though the colour doesn’t suit me. 我想买这件夹克，因为它很合身，而且和我的裤子很相配，尽管颜色不适合我。 【经典练】 语法填空 1.It______________(suit) me fine to see a movie this Saturday night. 2.It is difficult to find a__________ (suit) place for a picnic in winter. 知识点8. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsɪb(ə) l/ adj. ( 对事故、 错误、罪行等) 负有责任的，应承担责任的 【教材原句】Who’s responsible?Who’s responsible?(教材P39) 谁负责？ 【拓展】 常与介词 for 搭配，构成 “be responsible for” 结构，意为 “对…… 负责；为…… 承担责任”，主语可以是人或物。 常见搭配：be responsible for sb./sth.(对某人 / 某事负责) 、 be responsible for doing sth.(对做某事负责) 词形转换：responsibility(n. 责任；职责) ，常见搭配：take responsibility for(承担…… 的责任) 、 sense of responsibility(责任感) 【写作佳句】As a senior one student, we should be responsible for our own study and take responsibility for helping our classmates when they are in trouble. 作为高一学生，我们应当对自己的学习负责，并承担起在同学有困难时帮助他们的责任。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　Everyone should be responsible ____________ protecting the environment around us. ②　Parents have the responsibility ____________ (educate) their children to be kind and honest. 知识点9.aim /eɪm/ v. 力求达到 【教材原句】It aims to deepen people’s understanding of issues that are related to families. (教材P40) 它力求加深人们对与家庭相关问题的理解。 【拓展】 作动词时，常见两种结构：“aim to do sth.”(力求做某事，旨在做某事) 和 “aim at doing sth.”(目标是做某事) ； 作名词时，意为 “目标；目的”，常用 “achieve one’s aim”(实现某人的目标) 。 常见搭配： aim to do sth.(力求做某事) 、 aim at sth.(瞄准某物；以某物为目标) 、 aim high(胸怀大志) 、 with the aim of(为了…… 目的) 词形转换：aim(n. 目标；目的) ，常见搭配：set an aim(设定目标) 、 take aim at(瞄准；针对) 【写作佳句】Our school holds various reading activities every year with the aim of improving students’ reading ability and aiming to help us develop a good reading habit. 我们学校每年举办各种各样的阅读活动，目的是提高学生的阅读能力，并力求帮助我们养成良好的阅读习惯。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　The government aims ____________ (reduce) the unemployment rate by creating more jobs. ②　She took aim ____________ the target and fired, but missed it finally. ③　With the aim ____________ becoming a doctor, he studies very hard every day. 知识点10.observe /əbˈzɜːv/ v. 庆祝，过(节日、生日等) 【教材原句】With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organised at local, national and international levels.(教材P40) 这个节日每年都有不同的主题，在地方、国家和国际层面会举办各种各样的活动来庆祝它。 【拓展】 用法：作 “庆祝，过(节日等) ” 讲时，直接接宾语(节日、生日等) ； 还可表示 “观察；遵守”，如 “observe the stars(观察星星) ”“observe the rules(遵守规则) ”。 常见搭配： observe a festival/holiday(庆祝节日) 、 observe one’s birthday(过生日) 、 observe sb. do/doing sth.(观察某人做 / 正在做某事) 、 observe the law(遵守法律) 词形转换： observation(n. 观察；观测；庆祝) ，常见搭配：make an observation(进行观察) 、 under observation(在观察中) 近义词辨析： observe 表示 “庆祝” 时，侧重 “按照传统或习俗进行庆祝”； celebrate(v.) 更强调 “以热闹、欢乐的方式庆祝”，如 “celebrate Christmas with family(和家人一起庆祝圣诞节) ”，两者在 “庆祝节日” 时可互换，但 celebrate 更常用。 【写作佳句】Every year, our family observes the Spring Festival together, making dumplings and watching the Spring Festival Gala, which makes us feel warm and happy. 每年，我们一家人都会一起过春节，包饺子、看春晚，这让我们感到温暖又幸福。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.People around the world ____________ (observe) Christmas in different ways. 2.The scientist ____________ (observe) the animal behaviour at the moment. 知识点11.range /reɪndʒ/ n. 一系列 【教材原句】With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organised at local, national and international levels.(教材P40) 这个节日每年都有不同的主题，在地方、国家和国际层面会举办各种各样的活动来庆祝它。拓展 【拓展】 用法： 作 “一系列” 讲时，常用 “a range of” 结构，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，表示 “各种各样的；一系列的”； 还可表示 “范围；射程”，如 “the range of temperature(温度范围) ”。 常见搭配： a wide range of(各种各样的；广泛的) 、 a range of products(一系列产品) 、 within the range of(在…… 范围内) 、 out of range(超出…… 范围) 词形转换：range(v. 变化；延伸) ，常见搭配：range from...to...(从…… 到…… 变化；范围包括从…… 到……) 【写作佳句】The new shopping mall provides a wide range of goods, ranging from daily necessities to luxury products, which meets the needs of different customers. 这家新商场提供各种各样的商品，从日用品到奢侈品都有，满足了不同顾客的需求。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　The hotel offers a wide range ____________ services to make guests feel comfortable. ②　Prices of the houses in this area range ____________ 500,000 yuan to 2 million yuan. ③　This kind of bird’s habitat is within the range ____________ our nature reserve. 知识点12.impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. 作用，影响 【教材原句】Placing stress on particular words can have a big impact on the meaning and strength of apologies. (教材P41) 重读特定的单词会对道歉的含义和力度产生很大影响。 【拓展】 用法： 常与介词 on 搭配，构成 “have an impact on” 结构，意为 “对…… 产生影响”，impact 前可加形容词(如 big, great, positive, negative 等) 修饰。 常见搭配： have a big/great impact on(对…… 产生重大影响) 、 have a positive/negative impact on(对…… 产生积极 / 消极影响) 、 the impact of sth. on sth.(某物对某物的影响) 词形转换： impact(v. 影响；冲击) ，常见搭配：impact on sth.(对某物产生影响) ，如 “Her words impacted greatly on my decision.(她的话对我的决定影响很大。) ” 近义词辨析： impact 侧重 “较深刻、有冲击力的影响”，可指正面或负面影响； influence(n./v.) 更侧重 “潜移默化的影响”，常指对人的思想、行为等方面的影响，如 “the influence of parents on children(父母对孩子的影响) ”。 【写作佳句】The development of technology has a great impact on people’s daily life, making communication more convenient but also reducing face-to-face interaction. 科技的发展对人们的日常生活产生了重大影响，使沟通更加便捷，但也减少了面对面的交流。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　Social media has a huge impact ____________ the way young people communicate with each other. ②　The negative impact ____________ environmental pollution on human health is becoming more and more obvious. ③　This new policy is expected to impact positively ____________ the local economy. 知识点13.admire /ədˈmaɪə/ v. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕(教材P42) 【拓展】 用法： 及物动词，直接接宾语(人或事物) ，表示 “钦佩某人 / 某物”； 也可构成 “admire sb. for sth.” 结构，意为 “因某事钦佩某人”。 常见搭配： admire sb.(钦佩某人) 、 admire sth.(赞美某物) 、 admire sb. for one’s courage/achievements(因某人的勇气 / 成就而钦佩他) 词形转换： admiration(n. 钦佩；赞美) ，常见搭配：express admiration for(表达对…… 的钦佩) 、with admiration(钦佩地) ； admirable(adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞美的) ，如 “an admirable person(一个令人钦佩的人) ” 【写作佳句】We all admire our English teacher for her patience and rich knowledge. 我们都因英语老师的耐心和渊博的知识而钦佩她。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　I really admire him ____________ his ability to solve difficult problems quickly. ②　Her paintings are widely admired ____________ people all over the world. ③　All the students looked at the hero with ____________ (admire). 知识点14.judge /dʒʌdʒ/ v. 认为，判断(教材P42) 【拓展】 作 “认为，判断” 讲时，可接 that 从句，或构成 “judge sb./sth. (to be) + adj.” 结构，意为 “认为某人 / 某物(是) ……”； 作名词时，意为 “法官；裁判”。 常见搭配： judge from/by(根据…… 判断) 、 judge sb. to be...(认为某人是……) 、 judge a case(审理案件) 、 a judge of sth.(某方面的鉴赏家 / 评判者) 词形转换：judgment/judgement(n. 判断；判断力；判决) ，常见搭配：make a judgment(做出判断) 、 good judgment(良好的判断力) 【写作佳句】We shouldn’t judge a person by his appearance; instead, we should pay more attention to his inner quality. 我们不应该以貌取人，相反，我们应该更关注他的内在品质。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　The teacher judged the student ____________ (be) the most hard-working in the class. ②　It’s not easy to make a correct ____________ (judge) without knowing all the facts. 知识点15.settle /ˈsetl/ v. 和解，结束(争论) (教材P42) 【拓展】 作 “和解，结束(争论) ” 讲时，可构成 “settle a dispute/argument(解决争端 / 争论) ”“settle with sb.(与某人和解) ”； 还可表示 “定居；安顿”，如 “settle down(定居；安定下来) ”。 常见搭配： settle an argument/dispute(结束争论 / 解决争端) 、 settle with sb.(与某人和解) 、 settle down(定居；静下心来) 、 settle in(适应新环境；安顿下来) 词形转换： settlement(n. 和解；定居点) ，常见搭配：reach a settlement(达成和解) 、 a new settlement(新定居点) ； settled(adj. 安定的；稳定的) ，如 “a settled life(安定的生活) ” 【写作佳句】After hours of discussion, the two sides finally settled their argument and reached a settlement that satisfied both of them. 经过几个小时的讨论，双方最终解决了争论，达成了一个双方都满意的和解方案。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　It took him a long time to settle ____________ in the new city after he moved there. ②　The two companies have reached a ____________ (settle) over the copyright issue. 知识点16.detail /ˈdiːteɪl/ n. 细节，细微之处 【教材原句】Features are written in an individual style, with extra detail and background. (教材P43) 特写报道以独特的风格撰写，包含额外的细节和背景信息。 【拓展】 用法：可作可数名词或不可数名词，作可数名词时，常用复数形式 “details” 表示 “多个细节”； 作动词时，意为 “详细说明；详述”，如 “detail sth. to sb.(向某人详细说明某事) ”。 常见搭配： in detail(详细地) 、 give details of(提供…… 的细节) 、 the details of sth.(某事的细节) 、 detail sth.(详细说明某事) 词形转换：detailed(adj. 详细的；细致的) ，常见搭配：a detailed plan(详细的计划) 、 a detailed description(详细的描述) 【写作佳句】Before starting the project, our teacher explained the requirements in detail and asked us to pay attention to every small detail in our work. 在开始这个项目之前，老师详细地说明了要求，并让我们关注工作中的每一个小细节。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　Could you give me more ____________ (detail) about your travel plan? ②　The report describes the causes of the problem ____________ detail. ③　She made a ____________ (detail) list of all the things she needed to buy. 知识点17.contain /kənˈteɪn/ v. 包含，含有 【教材原句】The middle part contains the “meat” of the story, with the ending being a summary, a powerful quote or even a surprise for the reader.(教材P43) 文章的中间部分包含故事的 “核心内容”，结尾则是总结、一句有力的引言，甚至是给读者的一个惊喜。 【拓展】 用法： 及物动词，无需加介词直接接宾语，强调 “某物内部包含的具体内容或成分，且内容是整体的一部分”；此外还可表示 “控制情绪、力量等” 或 “容纳(空间) ”，如 “contain excitement(抑制兴奋) ”“The hall can contain 500 people.(这个大厅能容纳 500 人) ”。 常见搭配： contain vitamins/minerals(含有维生素 / 矿物质) 、 contain important information(包含重要信息) 、 contain one’s tears(忍住眼泪) 、 be contained within(被包含在…… 之内) 词形转换： container(n. 容器；集装箱) ：常见搭配 “plastic container(塑料容器) ”“shipping container(海运集装箱) ”，如 “We stored the leftovers in a glass container.(我们把剩菜放在玻璃容器里) ”。 containment(n. 控制；遏制) ：多用于抽象概念，搭配 “the containment of disease(疾病的遏制) ”“containment policy(遏制政策) ”。 近义词辨析： contain vs. include： contain 侧重 “整体包含不可分割的部分或成分”，如 “The drink contains 5% alcohol.(这种饮料含有 5% 的酒精) ”； include 侧重 “整体中包含可分离的部分”，常用 “include sth.(主动式) ” 或 “sth. be included(被动式) ”，如 “The tour includes a visit to the museum.(这次旅行包含参观博物馆) ”。 【写作佳句】Fruits like oranges and apples contain plenty of vitamin C, which is good for our immune system. 橙子、苹果等水果含有丰富的维生素 C，对我们的免疫系统有益。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　This bottle of juice ____________ (contain) no added sugar, so it’s healthy for children. ②　She tried hard to contain ____________ (she) anger when she heard the bad news. ③　All the data needed for the report is contained ____________ this file. ④　The factory produces plastic ____________ (contain) for daily use. 知识点18.despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ prep. 尽管，虽然 【教材原句】Despite arguments over “stupid things” now and then, Alistair agrees that having a brother is an advantage. (教材P44) 尽管偶尔会为 “愚蠢的小事” 争吵，阿利斯泰尔还是认同有个兄弟是件好事。 【拓展】 用法：介词，后接名词、代词或动名词(不能接句子) ，表示 “让步关系，即承认某个事实，但不影响主句的结果”； 若需接句子，需用 “despite the fact that...” 结构，如 “Despite the fact that it rained, we still went hiking.(尽管下雨了，我们还是去徒步了) ”。 常见搭配： despite difficulties(尽管有困难) despite being tired(尽管很累) despite all efforts(尽管付出了所有努力) despite the weather(不管天气如何) 近义词辨析： despite vs. although/though： despite 是介词，后接名词 / 动名词； although/though 是连词，后接完整句子， 如 “Despite his illness, he went to work.(= Although he was ill, he went to work.) (尽管生病了，他还是去上班了) ”。 【写作佳句】Despite facing many challenges in his studies, Tom never gave up and finally got good grades in the exam. 尽管汤姆在学习中面临很多挑战，但他从未放弃，最终在考试中取得了好成绩。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　Despite ____________ (be) late for the meeting, she still made a clear presentation. ②　She kept running despite her ____________ (tire) . 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 先观察以下句子，从动作发生的时间、状态及动词形式三个维度，找出它们的核心差异： 1.He plays basketball every Saturday afternoon. 2.He played basketball with his friends last Saturday afternoon. 3.He will play basketball with his classmates this Saturday afternoon. 4.He is playing basketball on the playground right now. 5.He was playing basketball when his mother called him yesterday. 6.He has played basketball for 2 hours, so he is very tired now. 【精讲·语法知识】 动词的时态 1. 一般现在时 My parents don't allow me to stay up late on school nights. 基本结构：主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数作主语时，动词需加 s/es，如 watch→watches，do→does） 核心用法： ① 描述经常性、习惯性的动作（常搭配时间状语：every day/week/month，usually，often，sometimes 等）； ② 陈述客观真理、自然规律或永恒事实； ③ 表示现阶段稳定的状态（如职业、性格、喜好等）。 否定式 / 疑问式： 否定式：主语 + don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形（如 She doesn’t like spicy food.）； 疑问式：Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形（如 Do you get up at 6 a.m. every day?）。 2. 一般过去时 I forgot to bring my history textbook to class yesterday. 基本结构：主语 + 动词过去式（规则动词加 ed，如 work→worked；不规则动词需特殊记忆，如 go→went，eat→ate） 核心用法：表示过去某个具体时间（或可推断的过去时间）发生的动作或存在的状态，动作与 “现在” 无关联（常搭配时间状语：yesterday，last week/month/year，just now，in 2020 等）。 否定式 / 疑问式： 否定式：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形（如 He didn’t finish his homework last night.）； 疑问式：Did + 主语 + 动词原形（如 Did you visit your grandparents last weekend?）。 3. 一般将来时 Our school will hold a science fair next month, and I am going to show my invention of a small solar-powered lamp. 结构类型 基本形式 核心用法 时间状语搭配 will 型 主语 + will + 动词原形 无计划的将来动作、临时决定或客观将来事实 tomorrow，next week，soon be going to 型 主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 有提前计划的将来动作，或根据迹象判断即将发生 this evening，in 3 days 否定式 / 疑问式： will 型：否定式（will not/won’t + 动词原形），疑问式（Will + 主语 + 动词原形）； be going to 型：否定式（am/is/are not going to + 动词原形），疑问式（Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形）。 4. 现在进行时 1).Listen! Someone is singing in the music classroom 2).At present, the students in our class are preparing for the upcoming mid-term exam by reviewing all the key points in math. 基本结构：主语 + am/is/are + 动词现在分词 核心用法： ① 表示 “此刻正在进行” 的动作（常搭配时间状语：now，right now，listen，look 等）； ② 表示 “现阶段持续进行” 但未必 “此刻正在做” 的动作（常搭配时间状语：these days，at present，this week 等）。 否定式 / 疑问式： 否定式：主语 + am/is/are not + 现在分词（如 They aren’t playing chess now.）； 疑问式：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词（如 Is she practicing the piano at the moment?）。 5. 过去进行时 1).When the rainstorm suddenly came at 7 last night, I was doing my homework and my little sister was drawing pictures. 2).While my parents were talking with my teacher on the phone yesterday afternoon, I was cleaning my bedroom quietly. 基本结构：主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词 核心用法：表示 “过去某个时间点” 或 “过去某个时间段内” 正在进行的动作，常与 “when（当…… 时，引导瞬间动作）”“while（当…… 时，引导持续动作）” 引导的时间状语从句连用。 否定式 / 疑问式： 否定式：主语 + was/were not + 现在分词（如 He wasn’t watching TV at 8 p.m. last night.）； 疑问式：Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词（如 Were you waiting for the bus when it rained?）。 6. 现在完成时 1).I have read this English novel twice, so I can easily tell you the main plot and the characters' personalities. 2).Our class has raised more than 2,000 yuan for the poor children in the mountain area since last Monday. 基本结构：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 核心用法： ① 表示过去发生的动作对 “现在” 造成的影响或结果（动作已结束，但结果留存，常搭配时间状语：already，yet，just，ever，never 等）； ② 表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到 “现在” 的动作或状态（常搭配时间状语：since + 过去时间点，for + 时间段，so far，up to now 等）。 否定式 / 疑问式： 否定式：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词（如 We haven’t finished the project yet.）； 疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词（如 Has he lived in Beijing since 2018?）。 【经典练】　 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、单项选择 1.My father ______ to the gym every morning, but he ______ there yesterday because he was busy. A. go; didn’t go B. goes; didn’t go C. went; doesn’t go D. goes; wasn’t go 2.—What ______ you ______ at 9 a.m. yesterday? —I ______ an English class. A. do; do; have B. did; do; had C. were; doing; was having D. are; doing; am having 3.—______ you ______ the Great Wall? —Yes, I ______ it with my parents in 2022. A. Have; visited; visited B. Did; visit; have visited C. Have; visited; have visited D. Did; visit; visited 4.Look! The little girl ______ with her doll on the sofa. She ______ this doll for her birthday last year. A. plays; gets B. is playing; got C. played; is getting D. is playing; has got 5.They ______ a meeting at the moment. They usually ______ meetings on Monday mornings. A. have; have B. are having; are having C. have; are having D. are having; have 6.—What ______ you ______ this weekend? —I ______ to see my grandparents. I promised them last week. A. are; going to do; am going B. will; do; go C. do; do; go D. did; do; went 7.The teacher told us that light ______ faster than sound. A. travel B. travels C. traveled D. will travel 8.I ______ TV when the doorbell ______ last night. A. watch; ring B. was watching; rang C. watched; was ringing D. am watching; rings 9.—______ your brother ______ to the library today? —Yes, he ______ there an hour ago. A. Has; gone; went B. Did; go; has gone C. Did; go; went D. Has; been; went 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.My brother usually ____________ (walk) to school, but he ____________ (take) the bus yesterday because it rained. 2.Listen! The birds ____________ (sing) loudly in the tree outside the window. 3.Our teacher told us that the earth ____________ (go) around the sun. 4.They ____________ (not finish) their homework yet. They need another 30 minutes. 5.I ____________ (watch) a movie with my family this Friday evening. We bought the tickets yesterday. 6.When I ____________ (arrive) at the station last night, my uncle ____________ (wait) for me there. 7.He ____________ (play) the guitar for 5 years. He can play many difficult songs now. 8.My mother ____________ (cook) dinner in the kitchen every evening. Now she ____________ (make) tomato soup. 9.We ____________ (have) a picnic in the park next Sunday. Would you like to join us? 10.Tom ____________ (not go) to the party last Saturday because he was ill. 11.—____________ you ____________ (read) this book before? —Yes, I ____________ (read) it last month. 12.At this time yesterday, I ____________ (study) for the math test while my sister ____________ (draw) a picture. 13.The students ____________ (clean) the classroom every afternoon. Look! They ____________ (clean) it now. 14.She ____________ (visit) her aunt in Shanghai next month. She ____________ (plan) the trip for a week. 15.By now, my father ____________ (work) in this company for 10 years. 三、句型转换（按要求改写句子，每空限填一词） 1.Tom usually walks to school.（改为否定句） Tom ______ usually ______ to school. 2.They had a picnic in the park last Sunday.（改为一般疑问句） ______ they ______ a picnic in the park last Sunday? 3.We will have a math test next Friday.（改为同义句） We ______ ______ ______ have a math test next Friday. 4.I have lived in this city for 10 years.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ ______ you ______ in this city? 5.They are going to visit the Great Wall next month.（改为一般疑问句） ______ they ______ ______ ______ the Great Wall next month? 6.He finished his homework at 9 p.m. yesterday.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ he ______ his homework? 7.We have already seen this movie.（改为否定句） We ______ ______ this movie ______. 8.I was doing my homework when it rained.（对划线部分提问，划线部分：I） ______ ______ ______ homework when it rained? 9.He usually gets up at 6 a.m.（用 tomorrow morning 改写句子） He ______ ______ ______ get up at 6 a.m. tomorrow morning. 10.They have lived here since 2015.（改为一般疑问句） ______ they ______ here since 2015? 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 写一篇家庭往事，属于记叙文范畴，由于记载的内容已经发生，时态多用一般过去时。但也可根据具体情况，用其他时态。如文后发表感想或评论可用现在时态或将来时态。 情节设计：围绕家庭生活展开，可设置不同场景（如餐厅、车站、家里等 ）。 细节刻画：描写人物的神态、动作、心理，让故事更生动。 情感表达：表达自己的收获、感受、决心或者希望等。 【积累・写作素材】 常用词汇 一、时间与回忆类 1.years ago 几年前 2.from time to time 时不时，偶尔 3.in the past 在过去 二、场景描述类 1.family reunion n. 家庭团聚 2.home-cooked meal n. 家常菜 3.backyard n. 后院 4.family trip n. 家庭旅行 三、动作行为类 1.tidy up 整理，收拾 2.prepare v. 准备 3.share v. 分享 4.comfort v. 安慰 四、情感表达类 1.warm-hearted adj. 热心的，暖心的 2.precious adj. 珍贵的 3.nostalgic adj. 怀旧的 （例：Looking at old photos makes me feel nostalgic. 看着旧照片，我感到很怀旧。） 4.grateful adj. 感激的 （例：I’m grateful for my parents’ love and care. 我感激父母的爱与照顾。） 5. delighted adj. 高兴的，愉快的 常用句式 一、开头常用句式（功能：引出回忆，交代背景） 句式 1：When + 时间 / 场景触发词，I suddenly remembered the time when + 家庭往事核心事件. eg. When I cleaned out my old schoolbag yesterday, I suddenly remembered the time when my mom sewed a name tag on it for me. 昨天整理旧书包时，我突然想起妈妈曾给书包缝姓名牌的那段时光。 句式 2：It was + 时间段 + ago that my family + 经历的家庭事件，which became a precious memory for me. eg. It was two years ago that my family went camping by the lake, which became a precious memory for me. 就是两年前，我们全家去湖边露营，那成了我一段珍贵的回忆。 句式 3：Looking at + 具体物品，I couldn’t help thinking about + 与物品相关的家庭往事. eg. Looking at the handmade scarf in the wardrobe, I couldn’t help thinking about how my grandma knitted it for me last winter. 看着衣柜里那条手工围巾，我忍不住想起去年冬天奶奶是怎么给我织它的。 句式 4：Every time I + 感官 / 动作触发（如 hear, see, do）, the memory of + 家庭往事就会浮现. eg. Every time I hear the song "Childhood", the memory of my dad singing it to me before bed when I was little comes back. 每当我听到《童年》这首歌，就会想起小时候爸爸睡前给我唱这首歌的回忆。 句式 5：Once, my family + 发生的具体事件，and that experience still stays in my mind clearly. eg. Once, my family helped my neighbor fix their broken roof on a rainy day, and that experience still stays in my mind clearly. 有一次，我们全家在雨天帮邻居修理漏水的屋顶，那段经历至今还清晰地留在我脑海里。 二、主体常用句式（功能：细节描述，展现事件过程） 句式 1：At that time, + 家人 A + 动作 1, while + 家人 B + 动作 2, and I + 自己的动作 / 感受. eg. At that time, my dad was setting up the tent, while my mom was preparing snacks, and I was chasing fireflies with my little brother. 那时，爸爸在搭帐篷，妈妈在准备零食，而我在和弟弟追萤火虫。 句式 2：When I + 遇到的小问题 / 困难，+ 家人 + 具体帮助动作，which made me feel + 情感. eg. When I forgot my lines in the school play, my sister whispered them to me from the audience, which made me feel less nervous. 当我在学校话剧里忘词时，姐姐从观众席悄悄告诉我台词，这让我没那么紧张了。 句式 3：First, we + 第一步行动；then, + 第二步行动；finally, + 最终结果，and everyone felt + 共同感受. eg. First, we picked fresh strawberries in the field; then, we made strawberry jam together at home; finally, we tasted the jam on bread, and everyone felt very happy. 首先，我们在田里摘新鲜草莓；然后，在家一起做草莓酱；最后，我们就着面包尝了酱，每个人都很开心。 句式 4：I still remember that + 家人的具体语言 / 动作，which + 对我的影响. eg. I still remember that my grandpa said "Don’t give up" to me when I couldn’t fly a kite, which encouraged me to try again. 我还记得爷爷在我放不起风筝时对我说 “别放弃”，这句话鼓励我再试了一次。 句式 5：During + 事件持续时间，+ 突发情况（如 rain, wind）, but + 家人共同应对的方式. eg. During our picnic in the park, it suddenly started to rain, but we quickly moved to a nearby pavilion and kept talking and laughing. 我们在公园野餐时，突然下起了雨，但我们很快移到附近的凉亭，依然有说有笑。 三、结尾常用句式（功能：总结情感，升华主题） 句式 1：Though + 时间流逝 / 事物变化，the memory of + 家庭往事 + will never fade in my heart, because it carries + 亲情相关情感. eg. Though many years have passed, the memory of making jam with my family will never fade in my heart, because it carries the warmth of our family. 虽然很多年过去了，但和家人一起做果酱的回忆在我心里永远不会褪色，因为它承载着家人的温暖。 句式 2：This experience taught me that + 亲情道理，and I will + 未来的行动 / 珍惜方式. eg. This experience taught me that family love is the most important thing in life, and I will spend more time with my family in the future. 这段经历让我明白，亲情是人生中最重要的东西，未来我会花更多时间陪伴家人。 句式 3：Every time I think of + 家庭往事，I feel + 情感，and it reminds me to + 感恩 / 珍惜的行为. eg. Every time I think of my sister helping me with my lines, I feel warm, and it reminds me to help her when she is in need. 每当想起姐姐帮我记台词的事，我就觉得很温暖，这也提醒我在她需要时要帮她。 句式 4：That day was + 形容词（如 special, unforgettable）, not because of + 表面原因，but because of + 亲情本质原因. eg. That day was special, not because we ate delicious food, but because we stayed together as a family and shared our happiness. 那天很特别，不是因为我们吃了好吃的，而是因为我们一家人待在一起，分享了快乐。 句式 5：I know that + 家庭往事的意义，and this memory will always be a treasure that I keep in my heart. eg. I know that the time I spent camping with my family is a gift of love, and this memory will always be a treasure that I keep in my heart. 我知道和家人露营的时光是爱的礼物，这段回忆会永远是我心中珍藏的宝贝。 【示例・分步写作】 家是幸福的港湾，家人是我们强大的依靠。假设你是李华，请你按以下内容写一篇短文，简单记录一件你的家庭往事，围绕家庭成员间的互动展开，突出亲情带来的感动、鼓励或快乐。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 记叙文 人称 以第一、三人称为主 时态 主要时态应用一般过去时态 框架 第一段：介绍背景； 第二段：描述事件； 第三段：表达感受。 分步解析 第一步：审题谋篇 审题：需围绕家庭往事，有清晰事件（学滑冰经历 ）、人物互动（家人帮助鼓励 ），结构模仿原文 “发现旧物唤起回忆 — 讲述往事 — 未来计划” 。 谋篇：开头借发现旧物（毛绒熊 ）引入回忆；主体按 “事件背景（寒假学滑冰 ）— 过程（多次摔倒、爷爷鼓励 ）— 结果（成功滑行 ）” 展开；结尾关联未来（弟弟生日再去溜冰场 ）。 第二步：要点翻译 1.昨天，当我在清理客厅里的旧书架时，一箱童年玩具出现了。 Yesterday, as I _________ _________ out the old bookshelf in the living room, a box of childhood toys _________. 2.我依然记得弟弟当时很兴奋。 I _________ remember my brother _________ _________. 3.他的眼睛像星星一样闪闪发光。 His eyes _________ _________ stars. 4.摔了第十次后，他的小脸因为沮丧涨得通红，眼泪在眼眶里打转。 After the tenth fall, his little face _________ _________ _________ frustration, and _________ welled up _________ _________ _________. 5.就在他快要放弃的时候，我们的爷爷优雅地滑了过来。 Just when he _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ , our grandpa glided over gracefully. 6.爷爷一直在旁边看着。 Grandpa _________ _________ from the side. 7.受到鼓励后，弟弟又尝试了一次。 _________ , my brother _________ again. 8.这次，在爷爷耐心的指导下，他成功滑出了一小段距离，没有摔倒。 This time, with Grandpa's _________ _________ , he _________ _________ skate a short distance _________ _________ . 9.我们都为他欢呼，他灿烂的笑容照亮了整个溜冰场。 We all _________ _________ him, and his big smile _________ _________ the whole rink. 10.我会帮他准备一场特别的滑冰表演，而且我相信那一定会是充满欢乐与新回忆的一天！ _________ _________ _________ prepare a special skating show, and I'm sure it'll _________ a day full of joy and _________ _________ ! 第三步：词句升级 词汇升级： 用 “well-worn”（破旧的 ）替代 “old” 形容毛绒熊； “emerged”（出现 ）比 “appeared” 更生动； “heart - warming”（暖心的 ）丰富记忆的特质 。 句式升级： 1.第2句改写成感叹句，并与第3句利用现在分词合并： _________________________________________________________________ 2.利用定语从句合并第5、6两句： _________________________________________________________________ 第四步：连句成篇 按照 “回忆引入 — 往事叙述（背景、过程、高潮 ）— 未来展望” 的逻辑，将升级后的词句连贯衔接，注意段落间过渡（如 “I still remember...”“Just when...” ），让故事流畅自然，符合原文 “回忆 - 事件 - 未来” 的叙事脉络 。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Unit 3 Family matters 单词 1.character n. 人物；角色 2.approach v. 走近，靠近 3.chat n. 聊天；闲谈 4.focus v. (把……）集中（于） 5.assume v. 假定，假设，认为 6.respect v./n. 尊重；尊敬 7.studio n. （音乐）录音室 8.court n. 法院，法庭 9.ignore v. 忽视；不理 10.professional adj. 职业的；专业的 11.talent n. 天赋，才能 12.option n. 选择，可选择的东西 13.generation n. 一代（人） 14.gap n. 差距，差别 15.currently adv. 现时，当前 16.regularly adv. 经常 17.responsible adj. 负有责任的，应承担责任的 18.memory n. 记忆；回忆 19.nowadays adv. 现今，现时 20.skin n. 皮肤 21.jogging n. 慢跑锻炼 22.slim adj. 苗条的；修长的 23.nation n. 国家 24.aim v. 力求达到 25.issue n. 议题；争论的问题 26.theme n. 主题 27.observe v. 庆祝，过（节日、生日等） 28.range n. 一系列 29.event n. 活动 30.apologise v. 道歉 31.stress n. 重音，重读 32.impact n. 作用，影响 33.strength n. 强烈程度 34.admire v. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕 35.judge v. 认为；判断 36.settle v. 和解，结束（争论） 37.series n. 系列比赛 38.onto prep. 到…… 上；向…… 上，朝…… 上 39.track n. 跑道 40.media n. 新闻媒体；传媒 41.obviously adv. 明显地，显而易见地 42.feature n. （报纸或杂志的）特写 43.typically adv. 一般，通常 44.individual adj. 独特的，与众不同的（一般含褒义） 45.style n. 风格 46.extra adj. 额外的，另外的 47.detail n. 细节，细微之处 48.contain v. 包含，含有 49.summary n. 概要；总结 50.powerful adj. 强有力的，有影响力的 51.despite prep. 尽管，虽然 52.throughout prep. 在整个期间，自始至终 53.entire adj. 全部的；整个的 54.enormously adv. 极其；非常 55.athlete n. 运动员，田径运动员 56.medal n. 奖牌；勋章 57.somehow adv. 用某种方法；不知怎的 58.indeed adv. 当然，确实 短语 1.求助 turn to 2.专注于 focus on 3.接受某人的建议 take one's advice 4.冷静下来 calm down 5.提高嗓音 raise one's voice 6.不加思索地匆匆投入 jump in with both feet 7.对…… 感到自豪 be proud of 8.在舞台上 on a stage 9.与…… 有冲突 have a conflict with 10.惊讶地 in/with surprise 11.对 (做) 某事负责 be responsible for (doing) sth. 12.与…… 有关 be related to 13.在…… 范围内变化 range from...to... 14.因 (做) 某事向某人道歉 apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 15.领先 in the lead 16.勉强接受 settle for 17.有时 now and then 18.最终 end up 19.留下 leave behind 20.以…… 为目标；力求……；对准…… aim for 21.与…… 竞争 compete against/with 22.就在那时 at that moment 23.与…… 合作 cooperate with 熟词生义 1.character n. 人物；角色 2.aim v.力求达到 3.observe v. 庆祝，过（节日、生日等） 4.stress n.重音，重读 5.strength n. 强烈程度 6.judge v.认为；判断 句型 1. 倒装句 Oh look, here comes my boy. 2. 被动语态 Lawyers help people and are respected by others. 3. 虚拟语气的宾语从句 I wish she had come! 4. with复合结构 With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother, Jonny, was in the lead. 5. 虚拟语气的条件句 Mum wouldn't have been happy if I'd left Jonny behind. 6.过去分词作状语 Watched by millions, the ending to the race has divided opinions：should the brothers have been disqualified or highly praised for their actions? 语法 动词的时态 一、词汇清单 知识点1. character /ˈkærɪktə/ n. (书、剧本、电影等中的) 人物，角色 【教材原句】It has a plot, settings, characters and actions, as well as dialogue between characters.(教材P34) 它包含情节、场景、人物角色与情节动作，同时还有人物之间的对话。 【拓展】 1. 核心含义及用法 character 除教材中的 “人物，角色” 外，还有两个常用含义： 含义 1：(人的) 性格，品质(不可数名词) 用法：强调人的内在特质，如善良、勇敢等，不用于描述外貌。 例：She has a warm and friendly character.(她性格热情友好。) 注意：此处为抽象名词具体化。 含义 2：(书写或印刷的) 文字，符号(可数名词) 用法：特指汉字、字母等书写符号，常见于 “汉字” 相关表达。 例：Chinese characters are difficult to write for beginners.(汉字对初学者来说很难写。) 2. 常见搭配 The main character in this novel is a student.(这本小说的主角是一名学生。) The supporting character helps the main character solve problems.(配角帮助主角解决问题。) We all believe he is a man of good character.(我们都相信他是个品行端正的人。) Her strong character helped her get through hard times.(她坚强的性格帮她度过了难关。) 3. 词形转换及搭配 形容词：characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/(意为 “典型的，特有的”) 搭配：be characteristic of(是…… 的典型特征) 例：It is characteristic of him to be late.(迟到是他的典型特点。) 动词：characterize /ˈkærəktəraɪz/(意为 “描述…… 的特征；具有…… 特征”) 搭配 1：characterize sb./sth. as...(把某人 / 某物描述为……) 例：People often characterize him as a hard-working student.(人们常把他描述成勤奋的学生。) 搭配 2：be characterized by(以…… 为特征) 例：This city is characterized by its old buildings.(这座城市以古建筑为特色。) 4. 近义词辨析(character vs. role) 两者都可表示 “角色”，但用法有差异： character指作品中 “有血有肉的人物”，强调角色的性格、身份 描述小说、电影中 “人物本身” The character of Harry Potter is very brave.(哈利·波特这个人物很勇敢。) role指 “角色的职能、作用”，强调角色在故事中的功能 常与 play(扮演) 、take(担任) 搭配 She played the role of a teacher in the play.(她在剧中扮演老师的角色。) 【写作佳句】 In the story I wrote, the main character is a 16-year-old student who always helps others, and her kind character makes her popular among her classmates.​ 在我写的故事里，主角是一名 16 岁的学生，她总是帮助别人，善良的性格让她在同学中很受欢迎。 【经典练】 1.The main ____________ (character) in the novel is a brave girl who fights for justice.（答案：character） 2.Her kind ____________ (character) makes her always ready to help people in need.（答案：character） 3.Learning to write Chinese ____________ (character) well takes a lot of practice.（答案：characters） 4.It is ____________ (character) of my father to get up early and do morning exercises every day.（答案：characteristic） 5.This small town ____________ (characterize) by its quiet streets and old stone houses.（答案：is characterized） 6.The two ____________ (character) in the play have very different ____________ (character) — one is shy and the other is outgoing.（答案：characters; characters） 知识点2. approach v．接近，靠近　 【教材原句】　(nervously approaching the table) Erm… Dad, can we talk?(教材P35) (紧张地走近餐桌) 呃…… 爸爸，我们能谈谈吗？ 【拓展】 n．途径，方法，接近 an approach to...　　 ……的方法；去……的道路 All approaches to the town were blocked. 所有去城里的路都被堵住了。 at the approach of 在……将要来到的时候 approach还可以理解为“与……打交道”的意思。 The staff soon found the new manager easy to approach. 员工很快发现这位新经理平易近人。 近义词相关搭配： approach: an approach to (doing) sth. way: in this way, the way to do/of doing sth. method: with this method, the method of doing sth. 【写作佳句】 ①As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs. 我走近那幢房子时，注意到楼上有灯光。 ②As Teachers' Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day. 教师节日益临近，我们班决定举行聚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。 【经典练】 语法填空： 1.Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening _______________ (approach). 由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 2.All approaches ______________the airport were blocked by the heavy traffic. 所有去机场的路都被拥挤的车辆堵死了。 3.The best approach to______________ (learn) a foreign language is the study of the spoken language. 学习外语的最好的途径是学口语。 【答案】1. approaching 2.to 3. learning 知识点3. focus　 n．焦点；中心点vt.(把……) 集中(于) ；聚焦 【教材原句】I want to focus on my band and have a career in music when I leave school.　(教材P35) 当我毕业的时候，我想专注于我的乐队并从事音乐事业。 【拓展】 focus on　　　　 集中(注意力、精力等) 于…… focus/fix one’s attention on sth. 把某人的注意力集中到…… the focus of attention 关注的焦点 【写作佳句】 As is known to us, children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents. 众所周知，孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。 【经典练】 语法填空 1.To lead a happy life in the future, you should focus more ________ your career while you are young. 2.He didn’t hear what I say because he was focusing his attention __________ the painting on the wall just now. 【答案】1.on 2. on 知识点4. assume　 vt.认为；假设，假定；承担 【教材原句】You just assume I want to be a lawyer, but that’s only because you are a lawyer.(教材P35) 你就认为我想当一名律师，可是那只是因为你是律师。 【拓展】 assume...to be... 认为……是……； 假定……是…… It is assumed that... 人们认为…… assuming that... 假定……(作状语) assumption n. 假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 【写作佳句】 People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment. 人们认为他们所做的对环境几乎没什么影响。 【经典练】 语法填空 1._____________ (assume) that there weren’t the hard work of the dustman, what can you imagine our city will be like? 2.A lot of people make the_____________ (assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World. 【答案】1. Assuming 2. assumption 知识点5. respect　n．尊重；(pl.) 敬意，问候 vt.尊敬，敬重；遵守 【教材原句】Lawyers help people and are respected by others.(教材P35) 　 律师帮助人们并受到他人的尊重。 【拓展】 respect sb./sth. for sth.　 因某事尊敬/尊重某人/物 show/have respect for... 对……表示尊重/尊敬 win/gain/earn the respect of... 赢得……的尊重 give/send one’s respects to 代某人向……问候 【写作佳句】 She has always been honest with me, and I respect her for that. 她一直对我很诚实，我因此非常敬重她。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.I have the greatest respect for all of my teachers. 2.The new teacher soon won the respect of his students. 知识点6.ignore　 vt.不理睬；忽视 【教材原句】(ignoring Grandfather’s words) Stop daydreaming!(教材P35) (不理会祖父的话) 不要白日做梦了。 【拓展】 ignore danger/facts　　　 不顾危险/事实 ignore one’s advice/mistakes 忽视某人的建议/过错 ignore traffic rules 无视交通规则 ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的 ignorance n. 无知；愚昧 【写作佳句】 1.I said hello to him, but he ignored me completely. 我向他问好，但是他完全不理睬我。 2.He ignored my advice so he failed in the game. 他无视我的忠告并因此输掉了比赛。 【经典练】 语法填空 1.Some people always do everything they like, but are____________ (ignore) of others’ feelings. 2.That unsuitable remark exposed his ____________(ignore) of the subject. 【答案】1. ignorant 2. ignorance 知识点7. suit　 v．适合；合适；相配　n．套装 【教材原句】Yes, and you have found the career that suits your talents.(教材P36) 是的，你已经找到了一份适合你才能的职业。 【拓展】 suit sb.fine 很合某人的意；对某人很合适 suitable adj. 适当的；相配的；恰当的 be suitable for... 适合于…… be suitable to do... 适合做某事 近义词辨析 fit 指大小、尺寸、形状合适，引申为“吻合” suit 指款式、需要、口味、条件、地位、衣着适合某人，使人看上去有吸引力，另外，用于比喻意义时多用suit 【写作佳句】 1.As a student, you’d better choose the activities which interest you and suit you. 作为一名学生，你最好选择那些你感兴趣并适合你的活动。 2.I want to take this jacket because it fits me well and matches my trousers, though the colour doesn’t suit me. 我想买这件夹克，因为它很合身，而且和我的裤子很相配，尽管颜色不适合我。 【经典练】 语法填空 1.It suits (suit) me fine to see a movie this Saturday night. 2.It is difficult to find a suitable (suit) place for a picnic in winter. 知识点8. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsɪb(ə) l/ adj. ( 对事故、 错误、罪行等) 负有责任的，应承担责任的 【教材原句】Who’s responsible?Who’s responsible?(教材P39) 谁负责？ 【拓展】 常与介词 for 搭配，构成 “be responsible for” 结构，意为 “对…… 负责；为…… 承担责任”，主语可以是人或物。 常见搭配：be responsible for sb./sth.(对某人 / 某事负责) 、 be responsible for doing sth.(对做某事负责) 词形转换：responsibility(n. 责任；职责) ，常见搭配：take responsibility for(承担…… 的责任) 、 sense of responsibility(责任感) 【写作佳句】As a senior one student, we should be responsible for our own study and take responsibility for helping our classmates when they are in trouble. 作为高一学生，我们应当对自己的学习负责，并承担起在同学有困难时帮助他们的责任。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　Everyone should be responsible ____________ protecting the environment around us.(答案：for) ②　Parents have the responsibility ____________ (educate) their children to be kind and honest.(答案：to educate) 知识点9.aim /eɪm/ v. 力求达到 【教材原句】It aims to deepen people’s understanding of issues that are related to families. (教材P40) 它力求加深人们对与家庭相关问题的理解。 【拓展】 作动词时，常见两种结构：“aim to do sth.”(力求做某事，旨在做某事) 和 “aim at doing sth.”(目标是做某事) ； 作名词时，意为 “目标；目的”，常用 “achieve one’s aim”(实现某人的目标) 。 常见搭配： aim to do sth.(力求做某事) 、 aim at sth.(瞄准某物；以某物为目标) 、 aim high(胸怀大志) 、 with the aim of(为了…… 目的) 词形转换：aim(n. 目标；目的) ，常见搭配：set an aim(设定目标) 、 take aim at(瞄准；针对) 【写作佳句】Our school holds various reading activities every year with the aim of improving students’ reading ability and aiming to help us develop a good reading habit. 我们学校每年举办各种各样的阅读活动，目的是提高学生的阅读能力，并力求帮助我们养成良好的阅读习惯。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　The government aims ____________ (reduce) the unemployment rate by creating more jobs.(答案：to reduce) ②　She took aim ____________ the target and fired, but missed it finally.(答案：at) ③　With the aim ____________ becoming a doctor, he studies very hard every day.(答案：of) 知识点10.observe /əbˈzɜːv/ v. 庆祝，过(节日、生日等) 【教材原句】With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organised at local, national and international levels.(教材P40) 这个节日每年都有不同的主题，在地方、国家和国际层面会举办各种各样的活动来庆祝它。 【拓展】 用法：作 “庆祝，过(节日等) ” 讲时，直接接宾语(节日、生日等) ； 还可表示 “观察；遵守”，如 “observe the stars(观察星星) ”“observe the rules(遵守规则) ”。 常见搭配： observe a festival/holiday(庆祝节日) 、 observe one’s birthday(过生日) 、 observe sb. do/doing sth.(观察某人做 / 正在做某事) 、 observe the law(遵守法律) 词形转换： observation(n. 观察；观测；庆祝) ，常见搭配：make an observation(进行观察) 、 under observation(在观察中) 近义词辨析： observe 表示 “庆祝” 时，侧重 “按照传统或习俗进行庆祝”； celebrate(v.) 更强调 “以热闹、欢乐的方式庆祝”，如 “celebrate Christmas with family(和家人一起庆祝圣诞节) ”，两者在 “庆祝节日” 时可互换，但 celebrate 更常用。 【写作佳句】Every year, our family observes the Spring Festival together, making dumplings and watching the Spring Festival Gala, which makes us feel warm and happy. 每年，我们一家人都会一起过春节，包饺子、看春晚，这让我们感到温暖又幸福。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.People around the world observe (observe) Christmas in different ways. 2.The scientist is observing (observe) the animal behaviour at the moment. 知识点11.range /reɪndʒ/ n. 一系列 【教材原句】With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organised at local, national and international levels.(教材P40) 这个节日每年都有不同的主题，在地方、国家和国际层面会举办各种各样的活动来庆祝它。拓展 【拓展】 用法： 作 “一系列” 讲时，常用 “a range of” 结构，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，表示 “各种各样的；一系列的”； 还可表示 “范围；射程”，如 “the range of temperature(温度范围) ”。 常见搭配： a wide range of(各种各样的；广泛的) 、 a range of products(一系列产品) 、 within the range of(在…… 范围内) 、 out of range(超出…… 范围) 词形转换：range(v. 变化；延伸) ，常见搭配：range from...to...(从…… 到…… 变化；范围包括从…… 到……) 【写作佳句】The new shopping mall provides a wide range of goods, ranging from daily necessities to luxury products, which meets the needs of different customers. 这家新商场提供各种各样的商品，从日用品到奢侈品都有，满足了不同顾客的需求。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　The hotel offers a wide range ____________ services to make guests feel comfortable.(答案：of) ②　Prices of the houses in this area range ____________ 500,000 yuan to 2 million yuan.(答案：from) ③　This kind of bird’s habitat is within the range ____________ our nature reserve.(答案：of) 知识点12.impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. 作用，影响 【教材原句】Placing stress on particular words can have a big impact on the meaning and strength of apologies. (教材P41) 重读特定的单词会对道歉的含义和力度产生很大影响。 【拓展】 用法： 常与介词 on 搭配，构成 “have an impact on” 结构，意为 “对…… 产生影响”，impact 前可加形容词(如 big, great, positive, negative 等) 修饰。 常见搭配： have a big/great impact on(对…… 产生重大影响) 、 have a positive/negative impact on(对…… 产生积极 / 消极影响) 、 the impact of sth. on sth.(某物对某物的影响) 词形转换： impact(v. 影响；冲击) ，常见搭配：impact on sth.(对某物产生影响) ，如 “Her words impacted greatly on my decision.(她的话对我的决定影响很大。) ” 近义词辨析： impact 侧重 “较深刻、有冲击力的影响”，可指正面或负面影响； influence(n./v.) 更侧重 “潜移默化的影响”，常指对人的思想、行为等方面的影响，如 “the influence of parents on children(父母对孩子的影响) ”。 【写作佳句】The development of technology has a great impact on people’s daily life, making communication more convenient but also reducing face-to-face interaction. 科技的发展对人们的日常生活产生了重大影响，使沟通更加便捷，但也减少了面对面的交流。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　Social media has a huge impact ____________ the way young people communicate with each other.(答案：on) ②　The negative impact ____________ environmental pollution on human health is becoming more and more obvious.(答案：of) ③　This new policy is expected to impact positively ____________ the local economy.(答案：on) 知识点13.admire /ədˈmaɪə/ v. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕(教材P42) 【拓展】 用法： 及物动词，直接接宾语(人或事物) ，表示 “钦佩某人 / 某物”； 也可构成 “admire sb. for sth.” 结构，意为 “因某事钦佩某人”。 常见搭配： admire sb.(钦佩某人) 、 admire sth.(赞美某物) 、 admire sb. for one’s courage/achievements(因某人的勇气 / 成就而钦佩他) 词形转换： admiration(n. 钦佩；赞美) ，常见搭配：express admiration for(表达对…… 的钦佩) 、with admiration(钦佩地) ； admirable(adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞美的) ，如 “an admirable person(一个令人钦佩的人) ” 【写作佳句】We all admire our English teacher for her patience and rich knowledge. 我们都因英语老师的耐心和渊博的知识而钦佩她。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　I really admire him ____________ his ability to solve difficult problems quickly.(答案：for) ②　Her paintings are widely admired ____________ people all over the world.(答案：by) ③　All the students looked at the hero with ____________ (admire) .(答案：admiration) 知识点14.judge /dʒʌdʒ/ v. 认为，判断(教材P42) 【拓展】 作 “认为，判断” 讲时，可接 that 从句，或构成 “judge sb./sth. (to be) + adj.” 结构，意为 “认为某人 / 某物(是) ……”； 作名词时，意为 “法官；裁判”。 常见搭配： judge from/by(根据…… 判断) 、 judge sb. to be...(认为某人是……) 、 judge a case(审理案件) 、 a judge of sth.(某方面的鉴赏家 / 评判者) 词形转换：judgment/judgement(n. 判断；判断力；判决) ，常见搭配：make a judgment(做出判断) 、 good judgment(良好的判断力) 【写作佳句】We shouldn’t judge a person by his appearance; instead, we should pay more attention to his inner quality. 我们不应该以貌取人，相反，我们应该更关注他的内在品质。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　The teacher judged the student ____________ (be) the most hard-working in the class.(答案：to be) ②　It’s not easy to make a correct ____________ (judge) without knowing all the facts.(答案：judgment/judgement) 知识点15.settle /ˈsetl/ v. 和解，结束(争论) (教材P42) 【拓展】 作 “和解，结束(争论) ” 讲时，可构成 “settle a dispute/argument(解决争端 / 争论) ”“settle with sb.(与某人和解) ”； 还可表示 “定居；安顿”，如 “settle down(定居；安定下来) ”。 常见搭配： settle an argument/dispute(结束争论 / 解决争端) 、 settle with sb.(与某人和解) 、 settle down(定居；静下心来) 、 settle in(适应新环境；安顿下来) 词形转换： settlement(n. 和解；定居点) ，常见搭配：reach a settlement(达成和解) 、 a new settlement(新定居点) ； settled(adj. 安定的；稳定的) ，如 “a settled life(安定的生活) ” 【写作佳句】After hours of discussion, the two sides finally settled their argument and reached a settlement that satisfied both of them. 经过几个小时的讨论，双方最终解决了争论，达成了一个双方都满意的和解方案。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　It took him a long time to settle ____________ in the new city after he moved there.(答案：down/in) ②　The two companies have reached a ____________ (settle) over the copyright issue.(答案：settlement) 知识点16.detail /ˈdiːteɪl/ n. 细节，细微之处 【教材原句】Features are written in an individual style, with extra detail and background. (教材P43) 特写报道以独特的风格撰写，包含额外的细节和背景信息。 【拓展】 用法：可作可数名词或不可数名词，作可数名词时，常用复数形式 “details” 表示 “多个细节”； 作动词时，意为 “详细说明；详述”，如 “detail sth. to sb.(向某人详细说明某事) ”。 常见搭配： in detail(详细地) 、 give details of(提供…… 的细节) 、 the details of sth.(某事的细节) 、 detail sth.(详细说明某事) 词形转换：detailed(adj. 详细的；细致的) ，常见搭配：a detailed plan(详细的计划) 、 a detailed description(详细的描述) 【写作佳句】Before starting the project, our teacher explained the requirements in detail and asked us to pay attention to every small detail in our work. 在开始这个项目之前，老师详细地说明了要求，并让我们关注工作中的每一个小细节。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　Could you give me more ____________ (detail) about your travel plan?(答案：details) ②　The report describes the causes of the problem ____________ detail.(答案：in) ③　She made a ____________ (detail) list of all the things she needed to buy.(答案：detailed) 知识点17.contain /kənˈteɪn/ v. 包含，含有 【教材原句】The middle part contains the “meat” of the story, with the ending being a summary, a powerful quote or even a surprise for the reader.(教材P43) 文章的中间部分包含故事的 “核心内容”，结尾则是总结、一句有力的引言，甚至是给读者的一个惊喜。 【拓展】 用法： 及物动词，无需加介词直接接宾语，强调 “某物内部包含的具体内容或成分，且内容是整体的一部分”；此外还可表示 “控制情绪、力量等” 或 “容纳(空间) ”，如 “contain excitement(抑制兴奋) ”“The hall can contain 500 people.(这个大厅能容纳 500 人) ”。 常见搭配： contain vitamins/minerals(含有维生素 / 矿物质) 、 contain important information(包含重要信息) 、 contain one’s tears(忍住眼泪) 、 be contained within(被包含在…… 之内) 词形转换： container(n. 容器；集装箱) ：常见搭配 “plastic container(塑料容器) ”“shipping container(海运集装箱) ”，如 “We stored the leftovers in a glass container.(我们把剩菜放在玻璃容器里) ”。 containment(n. 控制；遏制) ：多用于抽象概念，搭配 “the containment of disease(疾病的遏制) ”“containment policy(遏制政策) ”。 近义词辨析： contain vs. include： contain 侧重 “整体包含不可分割的部分或成分”，如 “The drink contains 5% alcohol.(这种饮料含有 5% 的酒精) ”； include 侧重 “整体中包含可分离的部分”，常用 “include sth.(主动式) ” 或 “sth. be included(被动式) ”，如 “The tour includes a visit to the museum.(这次旅行包含参观博物馆) ”。 【写作佳句】Fruits like oranges and apples contain plenty of vitamin C, which is good for our immune system. 橙子、苹果等水果含有丰富的维生素 C，对我们的免疫系统有益。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　This bottle of juice ____________ (contain) no added sugar, so it’s healthy for children.(答案：contains) ②　She tried hard to contain ____________ (she) anger when she heard the bad news.(答案：her) ③　All the data needed for the report is contained ____________ this file.(答案：in) ④　The factory produces plastic ____________ (contain) for daily use.(答案：containers) 知识点18.despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ prep. 尽管，虽然 【教材原句】Despite arguments over “stupid things” now and then, Alistair agrees that having a brother is an advantage. (教材P44) 尽管偶尔会为 “愚蠢的小事” 争吵，阿利斯泰尔还是认同有个兄弟是件好事。 【拓展】 用法：介词，后接名词、代词或动名词(不能接句子) ，表示 “让步关系，即承认某个事实，但不影响主句的结果”； 若需接句子，需用 “despite the fact that...” 结构，如 “Despite the fact that it rained, we still went hiking.(尽管下雨了，我们还是去徒步了) ”。 常见搭配： despite difficulties(尽管有困难) despite being tired(尽管很累) despite all efforts(尽管付出了所有努力) despite the weather(不管天气如何) 近义词辨析： despite vs. although/though： despite 是介词，后接名词 / 动名词； although/though 是连词，后接完整句子， 如 “Despite his illness, he went to work.(= Although he was ill, he went to work.) (尽管生病了，他还是去上班了) ”。 【写作佳句】Despite facing many challenges in his studies, Tom never gave up and finally got good grades in the exam. 尽管汤姆在学习中面临很多挑战，但他从未放弃，最终在考试中取得了好成绩。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①　Despite ____________ (be) late for the meeting, she still made a clear presentation.(答案：being) ②　She kept running despite her ____________ (tire) .(答案：tiredness) 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 先观察以下句子，从动作发生的时间、状态及动词形式三个维度，找出它们的核心差异： 1.He plays basketball every Saturday afternoon. 2.He played basketball with his friends last Saturday afternoon. 3.He will play basketball with his classmates this Saturday afternoon. 4.He is playing basketball on the playground right now. 5.He was playing basketball when his mother called him yesterday. 6.He has played basketball for 2 hours, so he is very tired now. 【精讲·语法知识】 动词的时态 1. 一般现在时 My parents don't allow me to stay up late on school nights. 基本结构：主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数作主语时，动词需加 s/es，如 watch→watches，do→does） 核心用法： ① 描述经常性、习惯性的动作（常搭配时间状语：every day/week/month，usually，often，sometimes 等）； ② 陈述客观真理、自然规律或永恒事实； ③ 表示现阶段稳定的状态（如职业、性格、喜好等）。 否定式 / 疑问式： 否定式：主语 + don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形（如 She doesn’t like spicy food.）； 疑问式：Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形（如 Do you get up at 6 a.m. every day?）。 2. 一般过去时 I forgot to bring my history textbook to class yesterday. 基本结构：主语 + 动词过去式（规则动词加 ed，如 work→worked；不规则动词需特殊记忆，如 go→went，eat→ate） 核心用法：表示过去某个具体时间（或可推断的过去时间）发生的动作或存在的状态，动作与 “现在” 无关联（常搭配时间状语：yesterday，last week/month/year，just now，in 2020 等）。 否定式 / 疑问式： 否定式：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形（如 He didn’t finish his homework last night.）； 疑问式：Did + 主语 + 动词原形（如 Did you visit your grandparents last weekend?）。 3. 一般将来时 Our school will hold a science fair next month, and I am going to show my invention of a small solar-powered lamp. 结构类型 基本形式 核心用法 时间状语搭配 will 型 主语 + will + 动词原形 无计划的将来动作、临时决定或客观将来事实 tomorrow，next week，soon be going to 型 主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 有提前计划的将来动作，或根据迹象判断即将发生 this evening，in 3 days 否定式 / 疑问式： will 型：否定式（will not/won’t + 动词原形），疑问式（Will + 主语 + 动词原形）； be going to 型：否定式（am/is/are not going to + 动词原形），疑问式（Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形）。 4. 现在进行时 1).Listen! Someone is singing in the music classroom 2).At present, the students in our class are preparing for the upcoming mid-term exam by reviewing all the key points in math. 基本结构：主语 + am/is/are + 动词现在分词 核心用法： ① 表示 “此刻正在进行” 的动作（常搭配时间状语：now，right now，listen，look 等）； ② 表示 “现阶段持续进行” 但未必 “此刻正在做” 的动作（常搭配时间状语：these days，at present，this week 等）。 否定式 / 疑问式： 否定式：主语 + am/is/are not + 现在分词（如 They aren’t playing chess now.）； 疑问式：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词（如 Is she practicing the piano at the moment?）。 5. 过去进行时 1).When the rainstorm suddenly came at 7 last night, I was doing my homework and my little sister was drawing pictures. 2).While my parents were talking with my teacher on the phone yesterday afternoon, I was cleaning my bedroom quietly. 基本结构：主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词 核心用法：表示 “过去某个时间点” 或 “过去某个时间段内” 正在进行的动作，常与 “when（当…… 时，引导瞬间动作）”“while（当…… 时，引导持续动作）” 引导的时间状语从句连用。 否定式 / 疑问式： 否定式：主语 + was/were not + 现在分词（如 He wasn’t watching TV at 8 p.m. last night.）； 疑问式：Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词（如 Were you waiting for the bus when it rained?）。 6. 现在完成时 1).I have read this English novel twice, so I can easily tell you the main plot and the characters' personalities. 2).Our class has raised more than 2,000 yuan for the poor children in the mountain area since last Monday. 基本结构：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 核心用法： ① 表示过去发生的动作对 “现在” 造成的影响或结果（动作已结束，但结果留存，常搭配时间状语：already，yet，just，ever，never 等）； ② 表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到 “现在” 的动作或状态（常搭配时间状语：since + 过去时间点，for + 时间段，so far，up to now 等）。 否定式 / 疑问式： 否定式：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词（如 We haven’t finished the project yet.）； 疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词（如 Has he lived in Beijing since 2018?）。 【经典练】　 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、单项选择 B1.My father ______ to the gym every morning, but he ______ there yesterday because he was busy. A. go; didn’t go B. goes; didn’t go C. went; doesn’t go D. goes; wasn’t go C2.—What ______ you ______ at 9 a.m. yesterday? —I ______ an English class. A. do; do; have B. did; do; had C. were; doing; was having D. are; doing; am having A3.—______ you ______ the Great Wall? —Yes, I ______ it with my parents in 2022. A. Have; visited; visited B. Did; visit; have visited C. Have; visited; have visited D. Did; visit; visited B4.Look! The little girl ______ with her doll on the sofa. She ______ this doll for her birthday last year. A. plays; gets B. is playing; got C. played; is getting D. is playing; has got D5.They ______ a meeting at the moment. They usually ______ meetings on Monday mornings. A. have; have B. are having; are having C. have; are having D. are having; have A6.—What ______ you ______ this weekend? —I ______ to see my grandparents. I promised them last week. A. are; going to do; am going B. will; do; go C. do; do; go D. did; do; went B7.The teacher told us that light ______ faster than sound. A. travel B. travels C. traveled D. will travel B8.I ______ TV when the doorbell ______ last night. A. watch; ring B. was watching; rang C. watched; was ringing D. am watching; rings D9.—______ your brother ______ to the library today? —Yes, he ______ there an hour ago. A. Has; gone; went B. Did; go; has gone C. Did; go; went D. Has; been; went 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.My brother usually walks (walk) to school, but he took (take) the bus yesterday because it rained. 2.Listen! The birds are singing (sing) loudly in the tree outside the window. 3.Our teacher told us that the earth goes (go) around the sun. 4.They haven’t finished (not finish) their homework yet. They need another 30 minutes. 5.I am going to watch（或 will watch） (watch) a movie with my family this Friday evening. We bought the tickets yesterday. 6.When I arrived (arrive) at the station last night, my uncle was waiting (wait) for me there. 7.He has played (play) the guitar for 5 years. He can play many difficult songs now. 8.My mother cooks (cook) dinner in the kitchen every evening. Now she is making (make) tomato soup. 9.We are going to have（或 will have） (have) a picnic in the park next Sunday. Would you like to join us? 10.Tom didn’t go (not go) to the party last Saturday because he was ill. 11.—Have you read (read) this book before? —Yes, I read (read) it last month. 12.At this time yesterday, I was studying (study) for the math test while my sister was drawing (draw) a picture. 13.The students clean (clean) the classroom every afternoon. Look! They are cleaning (clean) it now. 14.She is going to visit（或 will visit） (visit) her aunt in Shanghai next month. She has planned (plan) the trip for a week. 15.By now, my father has worked (work) in this company for 10 years. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 三、句型转换（按要求改写句子，每空限填一词） 1.Tom usually walks to school.（改为否定句） Tom ____________ usually ____________ to school. 答案：doesn't; walk 2.They had a picnic in the park last Sunday.（改为一般疑问句） ____________ they ____________ a picnic in the park last Sunday? 答案：Did; have 3.We will have a math test next Friday.（改为同义句） We ____________ ____________ ____________ have a math test next Friday. 答案：are; going; to 4.I have lived in this city for 10 years.（对划线部分提问） ____________ ____________ ____________ you ____________ in this city? 答案：How; long; have; lived 5.They are going to visit the Great Wall next month.（改为一般疑问句） ____________ they ____________ ____________ ____________ the Great Wall next month? 答案：Are; going; to; visit 6.He finished his homework at 9 p.m. yesterday.（对划线部分提问） ____________ ____________ he ____________ his homework? 答案：When; did; finish 7.We have already seen this movie.（改为否定句） We ____________ ____________ this movie ____________. 答案：haven't; seen; yet 8.I was doing my homework when it rained.（对划线部分提问，划线部分：I） ____________ ____________ ____________ homework when it rained? 答案：Who; was; doing 9.He usually gets up at 6 a.m.（用 tomorrow morning 改写句子） He ____________ ____________ ____________ get up at 6 a.m. tomorrow morning. 答案：is; going; to 10.They have lived here since 2015.（改为一般疑问句） ____________ they ____________ here since 2015? 答案：Have; lived 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 写一篇家庭往事，属于记叙文范畴，由于记载的内容已经发生，时态多用一般过去时。但也可根据具体情况，用其他时态。如文后发表感想或评论可用现在时态或将来时态。 情节设计：围绕家庭生活展开，可设置不同场景（如餐厅、车站、家里等 ）。 细节刻画：描写人物的神态、动作、心理，让故事更生动。 情感表达：表达自己的收获、感受、决心或者希望等。 【积累・写作素材】 常用词汇 一、时间与回忆类 1.years ago 几年前 2.from time to time 时不时，偶尔 3.in the past 在过去 二、场景描述类 1.family reunion n. 家庭团聚 2.home-cooked meal n. 家常菜 3.backyard n. 后院 4.family trip n. 家庭旅行 三、动作行为类 1.tidy up 整理，收拾 2.prepare v. 准备 3.share v. 分享 4.comfort v. 安慰 四、情感表达类 1.warm-hearted adj. 热心的，暖心的 2.precious adj. 珍贵的 3.nostalgic adj. 怀旧的 （例：Looking at old photos makes me feel nostalgic. 看着旧照片，我感到很怀旧。） 4.grateful adj. 感激的 （例：I’m grateful for my parents’ love and care. 我感激父母的爱与照顾。） 5. delighted adj. 高兴的，愉快的 常用句式 一、开头常用句式（功能：引出回忆，交代背景） 句式 1：When + 时间 / 场景触发词，I suddenly remembered the time when + 家庭往事核心事件. eg. When I cleaned out my old schoolbag yesterday, I suddenly remembered the time when my mom sewed a name tag on it for me. 昨天整理旧书包时，我突然想起妈妈曾给书包缝姓名牌的那段时光。 句式 2：It was + 时间段 + ago that my family + 经历的家庭事件，which became a precious memory for me. eg. It was two years ago that my family went camping by the lake, which became a precious memory for me. 就是两年前，我们全家去湖边露营，那成了我一段珍贵的回忆。 句式 3：Looking at + 具体物品，I couldn’t help thinking about + 与物品相关的家庭往事. eg. Looking at the handmade scarf in the wardrobe, I couldn’t help thinking about how my grandma knitted it for me last winter. 看着衣柜里那条手工围巾，我忍不住想起去年冬天奶奶是怎么给我织它的。 句式 4：Every time I + 感官 / 动作触发（如 hear, see, do）, the memory of + 家庭往事就会浮现. eg. Every time I hear the song "Childhood", the memory of my dad singing it to me before bed when I was little comes back. 每当我听到《童年》这首歌，就会想起小时候爸爸睡前给我唱这首歌的回忆。 句式 5：Once, my family + 发生的具体事件，and that experience still stays in my mind clearly. eg. Once, my family helped my neighbor fix their broken roof on a rainy day, and that experience still stays in my mind clearly. 有一次，我们全家在雨天帮邻居修理漏水的屋顶，那段经历至今还清晰地留在我脑海里。 二、主体常用句式（功能：细节描述，展现事件过程） 句式 1：At that time, + 家人 A + 动作 1, while + 家人 B + 动作 2, and I + 自己的动作 / 感受. eg. At that time, my dad was setting up the tent, while my mom was preparing snacks, and I was chasing fireflies with my little brother. 那时，爸爸在搭帐篷，妈妈在准备零食，而我在和弟弟追萤火虫。 句式 2：When I + 遇到的小问题 / 困难，+ 家人 + 具体帮助动作，which made me feel + 情感. eg. When I forgot my lines in the school play, my sister whispered them to me from the audience, which made me feel less nervous. 当我在学校话剧里忘词时，姐姐从观众席悄悄告诉我台词，这让我没那么紧张了。 句式 3：First, we + 第一步行动；then, + 第二步行动；finally, + 最终结果，and everyone felt + 共同感受. eg. First, we picked fresh strawberries in the field; then, we made strawberry jam together at home; finally, we tasted the jam on bread, and everyone felt very happy. 首先，我们在田里摘新鲜草莓；然后，在家一起做草莓酱；最后，我们就着面包尝了酱，每个人都很开心。 句式 4：I still remember that + 家人的具体语言 / 动作，which + 对我的影响. eg. I still remember that my grandpa said "Don’t give up" to me when I couldn’t fly a kite, which encouraged me to try again. 我还记得爷爷在我放不起风筝时对我说 “别放弃”，这句话鼓励我再试了一次。 句式 5：During + 事件持续时间，+ 突发情况（如 rain, wind）, but + 家人共同应对的方式. eg. During our picnic in the park, it suddenly started to rain, but we quickly moved to a nearby pavilion and kept talking and laughing. 我们在公园野餐时，突然下起了雨，但我们很快移到附近的凉亭，依然有说有笑。 三、结尾常用句式（功能：总结情感，升华主题） 句式 1：Though + 时间流逝 / 事物变化，the memory of + 家庭往事 + will never fade in my heart, because it carries + 亲情相关情感. eg. Though many years have passed, the memory of making jam with my family will never fade in my heart, because it carries the warmth of our family. 虽然很多年过去了，但和家人一起做果酱的回忆在我心里永远不会褪色，因为它承载着家人的温暖。 句式 2：This experience taught me that + 亲情道理，and I will + 未来的行动 / 珍惜方式. eg. This experience taught me that family love is the most important thing in life, and I will spend more time with my family in the future. 这段经历让我明白，亲情是人生中最重要的东西，未来我会花更多时间陪伴家人。 句式 3：Every time I think of + 家庭往事，I feel + 情感，and it reminds me to + 感恩 / 珍惜的行为. eg. Every time I think of my sister helping me with my lines, I feel warm, and it reminds me to help her when she is in need. 每当想起姐姐帮我记台词的事，我就觉得很温暖，这也提醒我在她需要时要帮她。 句式 4：That day was + 形容词（如 special, unforgettable）, not because of + 表面原因，but because of + 亲情本质原因. eg. That day was special, not because we ate delicious food, but because we stayed together as a family and shared our happiness. 那天很特别，不是因为我们吃了好吃的，而是因为我们一家人待在一起，分享了快乐。 句式 5：I know that + 家庭往事的意义，and this memory will always be a treasure that I keep in my heart. eg. I know that the time I spent camping with my family is a gift of love, and this memory will always be a treasure that I keep in my heart. 我知道和家人露营的时光是爱的礼物，这段回忆会永远是我心中珍藏的宝贝。 【示例・分步写作】 家是幸福的港湾，家人是我们强大的依靠。假设你是李华，请你按以下内容写一篇短文，简单记录一件你的家庭往事，围绕家庭成员间的互动展开，突出亲情带来的感动、鼓励或快乐。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 记叙文 人称 以第一、三人称为主 时态 主要时态应用一般过去时态 框架 第一段：介绍背景； 第二段：描述事件； 第三段：表达感受。 分步解析 第一步：审题谋篇 审题：需围绕家庭往事，有清晰事件（学滑冰经历 ）、人物互动（家人帮助鼓励 ），结构模仿原文 “发现旧物唤起回忆 — 讲述往事 — 未来计划” 。 谋篇：开头借发现旧物（毛绒熊 ）引入回忆；主体按 “事件背景（寒假学滑冰 ）— 过程（多次摔倒、爷爷鼓励 ）— 结果（成功滑行 ）” 展开；结尾关联未来（弟弟生日再去溜冰场 ）。 第二步：要点翻译 1.昨天，当我在清理客厅里的旧书架时，一箱童年玩具出现了。 Yesterday, as I was cleaning out the old bookshelf in the living room, a box of childhood toys appeared. 2.我依然记得弟弟当时很兴奋。 I still remember my brother was excited. 3.他的眼睛像星星一样闪闪发光。 His eyes shone like stars. 4.摔了第十次后，他的小脸因为沮丧涨得通红，眼泪在眼眶里打转。 After the tenth fall, his little face was red with frustration, and tears welled up in his eyes. 5.就在他快要放弃的时候，我们的爷爷优雅地滑了过来。 Just when he was about to give up, our grandpa glided over gracefully. 6.爷爷一直在旁边看着。 Grandpa was watching from the side. 7.受到鼓励后，弟弟又尝试了一次。 Encouraged, my brother tried again. 8.这次，在爷爷耐心的指导下，他成功滑出了一小段距离，没有摔倒。 This time, with Grandpa's patient teaching, he managed to skate a short distance without falling. 9.我们都为他欢呼，他灿烂的笑容照亮了整个溜冰场。 We all cheered for him, and his big smile lit up the whole rink. 10.我会帮他准备一场特别的滑冰表演，而且我相信那一定会是充满欢乐与新回忆的一天！ I'll help him prepare a special skating show, and I'm sure it'll be a day full of joy and new memories! 第三步：词句升级 词汇升级： 用 “well-worn”（破旧的 ）替代 “old” 形容毛绒熊； “emerged”（出现 ）比 “appeared” 更生动； “heart - warming”（暖心的 ）丰富记忆的特质 。 句式升级： 1.第2句改写成感叹句，并与第3句利用现在分词合并： I still remember how excited my brother was, his eyes shining like stars. 2.利用定语从句合并第5、6两句： Just when he was about to give up, our grandpa, who was watching from the side, glided over gracefully. 第四步：连句成篇 按照 “回忆引入 — 往事叙述（背景、过程、高潮 ）— 未来展望” 的逻辑，将升级后的词句连贯衔接，注意段落间过渡（如 “I still remember...”“Just when...” ），让故事流畅自然，符合原文 “回忆 - 事件 - 未来” 的叙事脉络 。 Yesterday, as I was cleaning out the old bookshelf in the living room, a box of childhood toys appeared. Among them was a well-worn stuffed bear, and seeing it instantly brought back a heart - warming family memory from eight years ago. It was the winter holiday back then, and my little brother, only 5 years old, was determined to learn ice - skating. The whole family went to the local ice rink. I still remember how excited my brother was, his eyes shining like stars. Dad helped him put on the skates, and Mom held his hands to guide him. But my brother kept falling down. After the tenth fall, his little face was red with frustration, and tears welled up in his eyes. Just when he was about to give up, our grandpa, who was watching from the side, glided over gracefully. Grandpa had been an excellent ice - skater when he was young. He knelt down and said, “Buddy, falling is just part of learning. Look at me.” Then he did a few simple yet beautiful skating moves. My brother's eyes widened with admiration. Encouraged, my brother tried again. This time, with Grandpa's patient teaching, he managed to skate a short distance without falling. We all cheered for him, and his big smile lit up the whole rink. Next month is my brother's birthday. We're going to the ice rink again. I'll help him prepare a special skating show, and I'm sure it'll be a day full of joy and new memories! $$