Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind 身心健康（话题阅读精练）英语仁爱科普版2024八年级上册

Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind（身心健康） 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 骑行与健康研究 课外阅读 说明文 151 介绍骑行对心脏、心理、体重及膝盖的益处，美国研究证明骑行者骨关节炎和早逝风险更低。 实战演练 Ethan 饮食与牙痛 完形填空 记叙文 102 Ethan 爱吃甜食、喝饮料致牙痛，妈妈劝其调整饮食，他虽不情愿，但意识到建议合理并接受。 瑜伽助放松 阅读理解 A 说明文 151 现代人生活压力大，瑜伽适合不喜欢跑步或器械锻炼的人，能放松身心、增强体质，还可在家练习。 发霉食物处理 B 说明文 98 介绍霉菌特点，软质发霉食物需丢弃，硬质可切除发霉部分；部分霉菌可制美食，如蓝纹奶酪。 体重管理建议 C 说明文 131 中国超重合风险高，NHC 推体重管理计划，给出饮食、睡眠、运动建议，强调体重管理是长期习惯。 年轻人爱垃圾食品 阅读还原 说明文 102 分析年轻人爱垃圾食品的原因，以 Bill 为例说明不良饮食危害，强调健康饮食和均衡饮食的重要性。 护眼方法 阅读填表 说明文 131 介绍护眼重要性，视力差的原因，及休息、冷水清洁、饮食、眼保健操等自然护眼法，保持开心也有益视力。 时文阅读 Cycling is a great way to keep healthy. It is good for our heart and our mental health. It also keeps our weight down. A little-known and perhaps surprising benefit of getting on a bike is that it is good for our knees. A new study says cyclists are less likely to experience knee pain later in life than people who do not ride bicycles. 骑行是保持健康的好方法。它对我们的心脏和心理健康有益，还能帮助控制体重。骑行一个鲜为人知且或许令人惊讶的益处是，它对我们的膝盖有好处。一项新研究表明，骑行者晚年出现膝盖疼痛的可能性比不骑自行车的人更低。 ·mental [ˈmentl] adj. 精神的，心理的 · benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] n. 益处，好处； ·cyclist [ˈsaɪklɪst] n. 骑自行车的人 ·experience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns] v. 经历，遭遇 The study was carried out by a research team from Baylor College of Medicine in the USA. Researchers surveyed 2,600 men and women, with an average age of 64. The people that were surveyed were asked about their levels of physical activity. They also had X-rays of their knees taken. This was to look for signs and levels of arthritis in their knee joints (关节). 这项研究由美国贝勒医学院的一个研究团队开展。研究人员调查了 2600 名男性和女性，他们的平均年龄为 64 岁。被调查者需告知自己的身体活动量，还需接受膝盖 X 光检查，目的是查看其膝关节内关节炎的迹象和严重程度。 ·research [rɪˈsɜːtʃ] n. 研究，调查 ·survey [səˈveɪ] v. 调查，勘测 ·average [ˈævərɪdʒ] adj. 平均的； ·arthritis [ɑːˈθraɪtɪs] n. 关节炎 The lead researcher, Dr Grace Lo, said the results of the research were surprising. She said cyclists were 21 percent less likely to have signs of osteoarthriti compared to those who did not have a history of cycling. She added, "I was surprised to see how strong the benefit of cycling was." A lot of research shows that cyclists are around 20 percent less likely to die prematurely. Dr Grace Lo said, "Cycling is a great preventative way for many things, including arthritis." Osteoarthritis is often called "wear-and-tear" arthritis. It's what happens when we use the cartilage in our joints a lot. The cartilage wears down and becomes painful. Arthritis most commonly affects the over-50s. 首席研究员格蕾丝・罗博士表示，研究结果令人惊讶。她说，与没有骑行史的人相比，骑行者出现骨关节炎迹象的可能性低 21%。她补充道：“看到骑行的益处如此显著，我感到很惊讶。” 大量研究表明，骑行者过早死亡的可能性比普通人低约 20%。格蕾丝・罗博士说：“骑行是预防多种疾病的有效方式，包括关节炎。” 骨关节炎常被称为 “磨损性” 关节炎，当我们频繁使用关节中的软骨时，就会出现这种情况 —— 软骨逐渐磨损并引发疼痛。关节炎最常影响 50 岁以上人群。 ·lead [liːd] adj. 主要的，首席的 ·osteoarthritis [ˌɒstɪəʊɑːˈθraɪtɪs] n. 骨关节炎 ·prematurely [ˈpremətʃəli] adv. 过早地 ·cartilage [ˈkɑːtɪlɪdʒ] n. 软骨 【重、难点词汇梳理】 1. cycling [ˈsaɪklɪŋ] n. 骑行 语境用法：文中 “Cycling is a great way to keep healthy” 指 “骑行是保持健康的好方法”，是全文核心话题，常见搭配 “go cycling”（去骑行）。 2. mental [ˈmentl] adj. 心理的；精神的 语境用法：“mental health” 即 “心理健康”，与 “heart”（心脏，生理健康）对应，体现骑行对身心的双重益处，反义词 “physical”（身体的）。 3. benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] n. 益处；好处 语境用法：“a little-known benefit of getting on a bike” 指 “骑行鲜为人知的益处”，文中具体指 “对膝盖好”，常见搭配 “the benefit of sth”（某物的益处）、“get benefit from sth”（从某物中获益）。 4. cyclist [ˈsaɪklɪst] n. 骑自行车的人 语境用法：“cyclists are less likely to experience knee pain” 即 “骑行者更不容易膝盖疼”，由动词 “cycle”（骑行）加后缀 “-ist” 构成，同类词 “scientist”（科学家）。 5. research [rɪˈsɜːtʃ] n. 研究；调查 语境用法：“The study was carried out by a research team” 指 “研究由一个研究团队开展”，“research team” 即 “研究团队”，也可作动词 “research sth”（研究某物）。 6. survey [səˈveɪ] v. 调查；勘测 语境用法：“Researchers surveyed 2,600 men and women” 指 “研究人员调查了 2600 人”，侧重 “对人群数据的收集”，区别于 “study”（侧重系统性研究），搭配 “survey sb about sth”（就某事调查某人）。 7. average [ˈævərɪdʒ] adj. 平均的 语境用法：“with an average age of 64” 即 “平均年龄 64 岁”，是描述调查样本的关键信息，常见搭配 “average temperature”（平均温度）、“on average”（平均来看）。 8. experience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns] v. 经历；遭遇 语境用法：“experience knee pain” 指 “遭遇膝盖疼痛”，此处为动词义（八年级多学 “经验” 的名词义），需注意词性区分，搭配 “experience sth”（经历某事，多为负面或特殊事件）。 9. lead [liːd] adj. 主要的；首席的 语境用法：“the lead researcher” 即 “首席研究员”，由 “领导”（动词，/liːd/）派生为形容词，发音不变，需注意 “lead” 作 “铅” 讲时发音为 /led/，避免混淆。 10. prematurely [ˈpremətʃəli] adv. 过早地 语境用法：“die prematurely” 指 “过早死亡”，文中说明骑行降低早逝风险，由形容词 “premature”（过早的）加后缀 “-ly” 构成，常见搭配 “end prematurely”（过早结束）。 11. preventative [prɪˈventətɪv] adj. 预防的 语境用法：“a great preventative way for many things” 指 “预防多种疾病的好方法”，对应 “arthritis”（关节炎）的预防，由动词 “prevent”（预防）派生，搭配 “preventative measures”（预防措施）。 12. wear-and-tear [ˌweə ən ˈteə] adj. 磨损的 语境用法：“wear-and-tear arthritis” 即 “磨损性关节炎”，描述骨关节炎的成因（软骨磨损），是固定短语，字面义 “磨损”，比喻 “长期使用导致的损耗”。 13. cartilage [ˈkɑːtɪlɪdʒ] n. 软骨 语境用法：“the cartilage in our joints” 指 “关节中的软骨”，是解释骨关节炎的关键术语，文中标注中文释义，帮助理解 “磨损” 的具体部位。 14. affect [əˈfekt] v. 影响 语境用法：“Arthritis most commonly affects the over-50s” 指 “关节炎最常影响 50 岁以上人群”，侧重 “对人或事物产生作用”，区别于 “effect”（n. 影响），搭配 “affect sb/sth”（影响某人 / 某物）。 【长难句分析】 1. A new study says cyclists are less likely to experience knee pain later in life than people who do not ride bicycles. 中文翻译：一项新研究表明，骑行者晚年经历膝盖疼痛的可能性比不骑自行车的人更低。 结构分析： 主句：“A new study says that...”（核心句意：一项新研究表明……），“says” 后省略引导词 “that”，是八年级常见的 “动词 + 宾语从句” 结构； 宾语从句：“cyclists are less likely to experience...than people...”，含比较级“less likely than”（比…… 更不可能），“be likely to do sth” 是八年级需掌握的固定句型（表 “可能做某事”）； 定语从句：“who do not ride bicycles” 修饰先行词 “people”，说明 “对比的人群是‘不骑自行车的人’”，“who” 在从句中作主语，符合八年级定语从句基础用法。 2. The people that were surveyed were asked about their levels of physical activity. 中文翻译：被调查者被询问了他们的身体活动量。 结构分析： 主句：“The people were asked about their levels of physical activity”（核心句意：这些人被询问了身体活动量），含被动语态“were asked”（被询问），八年级需掌握 “be + 过去分词” 表被动的基本结构； 定语从句：“that were surveyed” 修饰先行词 “The people”，“that” 在从句中作主语，此处 “that” 可替换为 “who”（指代人），从句本身也是被动语态（“被调查”），体现 “调查对象与研究行为的关系”。 3. She said cyclists were 21 percent less likely to have signs of osteoarthritis compared to those who did not have a history of cycling. 中文翻译：她说，与没有骑行史的人相比，骑行者出现骨关节炎迹象的可能性低 21%。 结构分析： 主句：“She said that...”（核心句意：她说……），“said” 后接宾语从句，从句语序为陈述语序（八年级重点语法）； 比较结构：“21 percent less likely...compared to those” 即 “比那些人低 21% 的可能性”，“compared to”（与…… 相比）是八年级常用的比较状语短语，补充说明对比对象； 定语从句：“who did not have a history of cycling” 修饰先行词 “those”（指代 “人”），说明 “对比对象是‘没有骑行史的人’”，从句中 “have a history of sth”（有某物的经历）是八年级可理解的短语。 【语篇分析】 本文以 “骑行对健康的益处” 为核心，先总述骑行对心脏、心理、体重及膝盖的四重好处，再通过美国贝勒医学院的具体研究（调查 2600 名平均年龄 64 岁的人，结合 X 光检查），得出 “骑行者骨关节炎风险低 21%、早逝风险低 20%” 的结论，最后解释骨关节炎的成因，强调骑行的预防作用。 实战演练 一、完形填空 Ethan loves eating chicken, pizzas and hamburgers. To drink, he 1 drinks water. Instead, he always likes soft drinks. “You can’t keep eating or drinking like this!” Ethan’s mum says. “ 2 ? They taste so good.” “You have too much 3 . Look at what you’re eating for breakfast.” Ethan 4 the food in front of him. It looks good to him. “I’m having a hamburger, super bear sugar and chocolate.” He eats and then 5 when his teeth begin to ache (疼). “Ethan, you have to see the doctor if you’re getting bad teeth.” “No, I’m not!” Ethan eats the chocolate again to show he is 6 . But his teeth really ache. “Why do all the delicious things have to be bad for me? I can’t always eat 7 . After all, I’m not a rabbit.” “I know, but you need good food for your teeth, eyes and heart. If you can’t start making right 8 more often, I won’t buy any sweets for you.” “That’s not fair (公平的)!” Ethan shouts. “I will not 9 all these sweets to you for breakfast. You will get some fruit after breakfast, okay?” Ethan doesn’t want to say yes, 10 his mum’s advice isn’t really very awful. Maybe his teeth won’t ache so much if he stops eating sweets. 1．A．always B．sometimes C．usually D．seldom 2．A．How B．Who C．Why D．Which 3．A．porridge B．pork C．sugar D．salt 4．A．looks at B．focuses on C．waits for D．turns off 5．A．leaves B．practises C．changes D．stops 6．A．fine B．fat C．poor D．unhappy 7．A．chips B．beef C．watermelons D．cabbages 8．A．choices B．rules C．goals D．results 9．A．lose B．build C．improve D．serve 10．A．if B．and C．but D．because 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文讲述Ethan因不良饮食习惯导致牙痛，母亲劝他健康饮食的故事。 1．句意：至于喝的，他很少喝水。 always总是；sometimes有时；usually通常；seldom很少。根据“Instead, he always likes soft drinks.”可知，他很少喝水。故选D。 2．句意：为什么？ How如何；Who谁；Why为什么；Which哪一个。根据上一句“‘You can’t keep eating or drinking like this!’ Ethan’s mom says.”和后一句“They taste so good.”可知，此处询问为什么不能这样吃喝。故选C。 3．句意：你吃了太多糖。 porridge粥；pork猪肉；sugar糖；salt盐。根据“I’m having a hamburger, super bear sugar and chocolate”可知，是指吃了太多糖。故选C。 4．句意：Ethan看着面前的食物。 looks at看；focuses on专注于；waits for等待；turns off关闭。根据“It looks good to him”可知，是看着面前的食物。故选A。 5．句意：他吃东西，然后当他的牙开始疼时停下了。 leaves离开；practises练习；changes改变；stops停下。根据“when his teeth begin to ache”可知，是牙疼时，停止吃东西。故选D。 6．句意：Ethan又吃了一次巧克力，以表明他很好。 fine好的；fat胖的；poor贫穷的；unhappy不高兴的。根据“Ethan eats the chocolate again to show he is ...”可知，他再一次吃巧克力是为了表明他很好。故选A。 7．句意：我不能总吃卷心菜。 chips薯片；beef牛肉；watermelons西瓜；cabbages卷心菜。根据“After all, I’m not a rabbit.”可知，兔子会吃卷心菜。故选D。 8．句意：如果你不能开始更经常做正确的选择，我就不会为你买任何甜食。 choices选择；rules规则；goals目标；results结果。根据“making right”可知，是指做出正确的选择。故选A。 9．句意：我不会再给你这些甜食当早餐。 lose失去；build建立；improve提高；serve服务，提供。根据“all these sweets to you for breakfast”可知，是指不会提供甜食作早餐。故选D。 10．句意：Ethan不想答应，但母亲的建议并不糟糕。 if如果；and和；but但是；because因为。空前后句是转折关系，用but连接。故选C。 二、阅读理解 A These days, people have very busy lives, working or studying and spending time with friends and family. Life today can be very stressful (有压力的). So people need to do something different to relax in their free time. Some people like to go to the gym so that they can keep fit and healthy. However, many people don’t like running or using machines to exercise. Then yoga can be a good activity for these people. Yoga can help your body and mind to relax while your body becomes stronger. Many people do yoga every day, and it is an activity which all people can do—young or old. It can give you more energy too. Yoga started a very long time ago in India, but in the last few years it has become very popular all over the world. You can find yoga classes in most towns and cities these days. There are also lots of yoga videos on the Internet, so you can try it at home! If you want to exercise and relax at the same time, why don’t you try yoga? 1．Why do people need to relax? A．They feel bored B．Life is stressful C．They have no friends 2．What exercise do many people dislike? A．Running or using machines B．Yoga and swimming C．Playing ball games 3．What else (别的) does yoga give? A．Saves money B．Gives energy C．Makes friends 4．How do we know yoga is popular? A．Started long ago B．Classes are everywhere C．Only old people do it 5．What is the writer’s suggestion (建议)? A．Watch videos B．Go to the gym C．Try yoga 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了现代人生活压力大，需要放松，并推荐瑜伽作为一种适合所有人的运动方式。瑜伽不仅能强身健体，还能让人放松心情、增加能量。 1．细节理解题。根据“Life today can be very stressful (有压力的). So people need to do something different to relax in their free time.”可知，人们需要放松是因为生活有压力。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“However, many people don’t like running or using machines to exercise.”可知，许多人不喜欢跑步或使用机器来锻炼。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“It can give you more energy too.”可知，瑜伽也能给你更多的能量。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Yoga started a very long time ago in India, but in the last few years it has become very popular all over the world. You can find yoga classes in most towns and cities these days.”可知，在过去的几年里，瑜伽在世界各地变得非常流行。现在，你可以在大多数城镇找到瑜伽课。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“If you want to exercise and relax at the same time, why don’t you try yoga?”可知，作者建议尝试一下瑜伽。故选C。 B One day, you open the fridge and find some moldy (发霉的) food. But before you can throw it away, your mother stops you. She cuts off the moldy part and eats the rest. Is it safe to do this? Mold (霉菌) can grow on almost all kinds of food. Mold is usually green, white, black or grey. Mold makes food soft and changes its color. Moldy food tastes quite bad and it’s not safe to eat. If you find mold in soft food, just throw it away. Soft food, such as bread, tomatoes or hot dogs, usually holds water. This makes mold easily grow below its surface. Bacteria (细菌) can also grow along with it. But it’s easy to remove mold from hard food. The mold can’t grow very far inside this kind of food. According to the BBC, you should cut about 2.5 cm around and below the mold to remove it. It’s OK to cut the moldy parts out of hard food and eat the rest. But if the food is totally covered with mold, you should still throw it away. Most kinds of mold are bad for us. But some kinds of mold can be used to make food. For example, penicillium (青霉菌) can be used to make many types of cheeses, such as blue cheese. These cheeses are safe to eat and they’re quite delicious as well. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling stories. B．By giving numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By answering questions. 2．What should you do if you find mold on a hot dog? A．You can eat it as usual. B．You should throw it away. C．You can cut off the moldy part and eat the rest. D．You can boil it in hot water first and then eat it. 3．What does the word “This” refer to in paragraph 2? A．Food. B．Bread. C．Tomato. D．Water. 4．What do we know about mold? A．Moldy food is not safe to eat. B．We can’t see it with our eyes. C．It is more likely to grow on hard top. D．All kinds of mold are bad for our health. 5．In which unit of a textbook can the passage be found? A．Unit 1 The Animal world. B．Unit 2 Food and Health. C．Unit 3 Plans and Dreams. D．Unit 4 The World of Technology. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文围绕食物上的霉菌展开，阐述了霉菌的常见形态、对食物的影响，说明了软质食物和硬质食物发霉后的不同处理方法，同时提到部分霉菌可用于食品制作，旨在让读者了解如何安全对待发霉食物及霉菌的相关知识。 1．推理判断题。文章的开头叙述了一个场景 (发现食物发霉，妈妈切掉发霉部分后食用)，并随即提出了一个直接的问题：“Is it safe to do this?”。这是一种常见的“设问”开篇方式，旨在吸引读者兴趣并引出下文要说明的主题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“If you find mold in soft food, just throw it away. Soft food, such as bread, tomatoes or hot dogs,”可知，热狗属于软质食物，发霉后应扔掉。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Soft food... usually holds water. This makes mold easily grow below its surface.”可知，正是“富含水分”这个特性，使得霉菌容易在食物表面以下生长；因此，划线单词“This”指代的就是“water”。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Moldy food tastes quite bad and it’s not safe to eat.”可知，发霉的食物味道很差，而且食用不安全。故选A。 5．推理判断题。综合全文可知，本文核心围绕“食物发霉”展开，具体介绍了霉菌在食物上的生长特点、不同食物发霉后的处理方式 (如软质/硬质食物的区别)，以及霉菌与食品安全、健康的关系 (如发霉食物的安全性、部分霉菌的食用用途等)；因此，本文最可能出现在“食物与健康”单元。故选B。 C According to the National Health Commission (NHC), by 2030, more than 70% of adults in China and over 30% of children could be overweight or obese (肥胖的) if no action is taken. Being overweight can make everyday activities hard and make people feel terrible about themselves. More importantly, being overweight can lead to serious health problems like heart problems, diabetes (糖尿病), and even some kinds of cancer. The NHC has started the Weight Management Year program to encourage healthy lifestyles. So, do you know how to manage weight? First, eat meals at regular times. Have breakfast every day and finish dinner by 7 p.m. Avoid snacks, drinks with lots of sugar, and late-night eating. Eat until 70% full and eat slowly. Begin with vegetables, then meat, and finally rice or noodles. This helps control how much you eat. Also, get enough sleep, about 7 hours a night, and exercise regularly. Try to exercise for 150 to 300 minutes each week, like walking or cycling. Add strength training 2 to 3 times a week. Don’t sit for too long. Stand up and move every hour. Experts remind us that weight management is not a short-term goal. It’s a lifelong habit. During the Weight Management Year, we should learn healthy ways to control our weight. By eating well, staying active, and sleeping enough, we can live healthier lives. Remember, small changes can make a big difference! * the National Health Commission (NHC) 国家卫生健康委员会 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Why did the NHC start the Weight Management Year program? A．To make people read more. B．To encourage more people to run. C．To solve the problem of being overweight. D．To teach children about science and technology. 2．According to the text, which of the following are suggested for weight management? ①Eating until 70% full.          ②Sleeping less than 6 hours a night. ③Avoiding sugary drinks.        ④Exercising 150-300 minutes weekly. A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④ 3．What does the underlined word “regularly” mean in Chinese? A．快速地 B．有规律地 C．偶尔地 D．激烈地 4．What can we infer from the text about overweight problems in China? A．Only adults face the risk of obesity. B．Children’s obesity rate will drop by 2030. C．Without action, over 70% of adults may be overweight by 2030. D．Heart problems are unrelated to weight. 5．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The dangers of eating late at night. B．How to lose weight in one month. C．Healthy habits for long-term weight management. D．The history of the NHC’s programs. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国国家卫生健康委员会（NHC）发起的“体重管理年”计划，旨在应对超重和肥胖问题，并提供了科学体重管理的建议，强调健康生活方式的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Being overweight can make everyday activities hard and make people feel terrible about themselves....The NHC has started the Weight Management Year program to encourage healthy lifestyles.”及前文对超重危害的说明可知，该计划是为了解决超重问题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Avoid snacks, drinks with lots of sugar... Eat until 70% full and eat slowly... get enough sleep, about 7 hours a night, and exercise regularly. Try to exercise for 150 to 300 minutes each week”可知，提到的建议有：①“Eat until 70% full”（吃七分饱）、③“Avoid snacks, drinks with lots of sugar”（避免含糖饮料）、④“exercise for 150 to 300 minutes each week”（每周运动150-300分钟），而②“Sleeping less than 6 hours”与原文“about 7 hours a night”矛盾。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“exercise regularly”及后文“Try to exercise for 150 to 300 minutes each week, like walking or cycling. Add strength training 2 to 3 times a week. Don’t sit for too long. Stand up and move every hour.”可知，是建议有规律地锻炼，“regularly”指“有规律地”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“by 2030, more than 70% of adults…could be overweight”可知，若不采取行动，70%以上的成年人可能超重。C项与原文一致，A项“only adults”错误，B项“drop”未提及，D项“unrelated”与第二段“lead to heart problems”矛盾。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。全文围绕体重管理的长期习惯展开，包括饮食、运动、睡眠等建议，而非短期减肥或NHC历史。故选C。 三、阅读还原 Why do young people like junk food (垃圾食品)? There are many kinds of junk food. 1 Many children love junk food. Although (尽管) they know it’s not a good habit to eat junk food, they still love it. Their parents don’t want them to eat too much junk food, because it’s bad for their health. Some of them eat junk food every day. 2 As a result (结果), they don’t have a healthy lifestyle. Bill is kind of unhealthy. He doesn’t look after himself. He eats lots of hamburgers because he loves them. 3 He doesn’t eat fruit or vegetables and he never drinks milk. When he has money, he’ll buy junk food to eat. His parents want him to be healthy. They don’t want to give him money anymore. But Bill says, “Mom, I’m not very healthy, but I have a good time.” 4 In fact, good eating habits are very important. It’s good to eat as much fruit and vegetables as possible because they can help us keep fit. And we should have a balanced diet (饮食). It can give us lots of energy and keep our body active. 5 从下面的五个选项中，选择还原到文章中，使文章意思通顺、结构完整。 A．Maybe this is the reason. B．They look nice and taste good. C．Then we can enjoy a happier and healthier life. D．Some eat more than three times a week. E．He hardly exercises. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．E 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍垃圾食品的危害和健康饮食的重要性。 1．根据“There are many kinds of junk food.”可知，此处介绍垃圾食品。选项B“它们看起来好看并且尝起来好吃。”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据“Some of them eat junk food every day.”可知，此处介绍他们吃垃圾食品的频率。选项D“有些人一周吃三次以上。”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据“He eats lots of hamburgers because he loves them.”和“He doesn’t eat fruit or vegetables and he never drinks milk.”可推知，此处介绍Bill不健康的习惯。选项E“他几乎不锻炼。”符合语境。故选E。 4．根据“Mom, I’m not very healthy, but I have a good time.”可知，Bill的话表示“虽然不健康，但很开心”。因此，推测此处可能是一个评论或反应。选项A“也许这就是原因。”，用来解释年轻人喜欢垃圾食品的原因（追求快乐），过渡自然。故选A。 5．根据“It can give us lots of energy and keep our body active.”可推知，此处应继续描述健康饮食的好处。选项C“然后我们就可以享受一个更快乐、更健康的生活。”符合语境。故选C。 四、阅读填表 The eyes are the windows of the soul. We all hope to have a pair of bright, clear eyes. Unluckily, many of us don’t realize how important it is to take care of our eyes. It is said that if you take care of your body, you can surely be healthy, so we must give our eyes a lot of care. Several things lead to poor eyesight (视力), like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging. Televisions and computers also bring us problems of poor eyesight. If you work in front of the computer, it is better to take a break after one hour’s working. Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful (有害的) things. For example, sunglasses can protect your eyesight from strong sunlight. Eating healthy food will be good for your eyesight. Remember that vitamins (维生素) A, C and E are good for eyes. And you should do eye exercises because they can protect your eyesight, too. If a person often exercises and eats the right food, his eyes will stay in good health for a long time. All above are natural ways of eye care to help us keep healthy eyes. Being happy all the time can be helpful to a person’s eyesight, too. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is. Eye care Present situation Many people don’t know the 1 of taking care of eyes. 2 for poor eyesight ●Not enough food, genes and aging. ●Too much time for televisions and computers. Way to keep your eyes healthy 3 ways ●Take a break after working for an hour on the computer. ● Clean your eyes with cold water if something dirty falls into them. ●Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from strong sunlight. ●Eat food 4 in vitamins A, C and E. ●Do eye exercises. Conclusion The other way Be happy all the time. Eye care is important for people of all 5 . 【答案】1．importance 2．Reasons 3．Natural 4．rich 5．ages 【导语】本文主要讲述了保护眼睛的重要性以及如何通过自然方法保持眼睛健康。 1．根据“Unluckily, many of us don’t realize how important it is to take care of our eyes.”可知，许多人不知道保护眼睛的重要性，the importance of意为“……的重要性”。故填importance。 2．根据“Several things lead to poor eyesight (视力), like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging. Televisions and computers also bring us problems of poor eyesight.”可知，此处介绍导致视力差的原因，reason“原因”，可数名词，此处用复数形式。故填Reasons。 3．根据“All above are natural ways of eye care to help us keep healthy eyes.”可知，这些都是保护眼睛的自然方法，natural“自然的”。故填Natural。 4．根据“Remember that vitamins (维生素) A, C and E are good for eyes.”可知，应多吃富含这些维生素的食物，rich in“富含，富有”。故填rich。 5．根据“In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is.”可知，护眼对所有年龄段的人都很重要，people of all ages意为“所有年龄段的人”。故填ages。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind（身心健康） 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 骑行与健康研究 课外阅读 说明文 151 介绍骑行对心脏、心理、体重及膝盖的益处，美国研究证明骑行者骨关节炎和早逝风险更低。 实战演练 Ethan 饮食与牙痛 完形填空 记叙文 102 Ethan 爱吃甜食、喝饮料致牙痛，妈妈劝其调整饮食，他虽不情愿，但意识到建议合理并接受。 瑜伽助放松 阅读理解 A 说明文 151 现代人生活压力大，瑜伽适合不喜欢跑步或器械锻炼的人，能放松身心、增强体质，还可在家练习。 发霉食物处理 B 说明文 98 介绍霉菌特点，软质发霉食物需丢弃，硬质可切除发霉部分；部分霉菌可制美食，如蓝纹奶酪。 体重管理建议 C 说明文 131 中国超重合风险高，NHC 推体重管理计划，给出饮食、睡眠、运动建议，强调体重管理是长期习惯。 年轻人爱垃圾食品 阅读还原 说明文 102 分析年轻人爱垃圾食品的原因，以 Bill 为例说明不良饮食危害，强调健康饮食和均衡饮食的重要性。 护眼方法 阅读填表 说明文 131 介绍护眼重要性，视力差的原因，及休息、冷水清洁、饮食、眼保健操等自然护眼法，保持开心也有益视力。 时文阅读 Cycling is a great way to keep healthy. It is good for our heart and our mental health. It also keeps our weight down. A little-known and perhaps surprising benefit of getting on a bike is that it is good for our knees. A new study says cyclists are less likely to experience knee pain later in life than people who do not ride bicycles. 骑行是保持健康的好方法。它对我们的心脏和心理健康有益，还能帮助控制体重。骑行一个鲜为人知且或许令人惊讶的益处是，它对我们的膝盖有好处。一项新研究表明，骑行者晚年出现膝盖疼痛的可能性比不骑自行车的人更低。 ·mental [ˈmentl] adj. 精神的，心理的 · benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] n. 益处，好处； ·cyclist [ˈsaɪklɪst] n. 骑自行车的人 ·experience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns] v. 经历，遭遇 The study was carried out by a research team from Baylor College of Medicine in the USA. Researchers surveyed 2,600 men and women, with an average age of 64. The people that were surveyed were asked about their levels of physical activity. They also had X-rays of their knees taken. This was to look for signs and levels of arthritis in their knee joints (关节). 这项研究由美国贝勒医学院的一个研究团队开展。研究人员调查了 2600 名男性和女性，他们的平均年龄为 64 岁。被调查者需告知自己的身体活动量，还需接受膝盖 X 光检查，目的是查看其膝关节内关节炎的迹象和严重程度。 ·research [rɪˈsɜːtʃ] n. 研究，调查 ·survey [səˈveɪ] v. 调查，勘测 ·average [ˈævərɪdʒ] adj. 平均的； ·arthritis [ɑːˈθraɪtɪs] n. 关节炎 The lead researcher, Dr Grace Lo, said the results of the research were surprising. She said cyclists were 21 percent less likely to have signs of osteoarthriti compared to those who did not have a history of cycling. She added, "I was surprised to see how strong the benefit of cycling was." A lot of research shows that cyclists are around 20 percent less likely to die prematurely. Dr Grace Lo said, "Cycling is a great preventative way for many things, including arthritis." Osteoarthritis is often called "wear-and-tear" arthritis. It's what happens when we use the cartilage in our joints a lot. The cartilage wears down and becomes painful. Arthritis most commonly affects the over-50s. 首席研究员格蕾丝・罗博士表示，研究结果令人惊讶。她说，与没有骑行史的人相比，骑行者出现骨关节炎迹象的可能性低 21%。她补充道：“看到骑行的益处如此显著，我感到很惊讶。” 大量研究表明，骑行者过早死亡的可能性比普通人低约 20%。格蕾丝・罗博士说：“骑行是预防多种疾病的有效方式，包括关节炎。” 骨关节炎常被称为 “磨损性” 关节炎，当我们频繁使用关节中的软骨时，就会出现这种情况 —— 软骨逐渐磨损并引发疼痛。关节炎最常影响 50 岁以上人群。 ·lead [liːd] adj. 主要的，首席的 ·osteoarthritis [ˌɒstɪəʊɑːˈθraɪtɪs] n. 骨关节炎 ·prematurely [ˈpremətʃəli] adv. 过早地 ·cartilage [ˈkɑːtɪlɪdʒ] n. 软骨 【重、难点词汇梳理】 1. cycling [ˈsaɪklɪŋ] n. 骑行 语境用法：文中 “Cycling is a great way to keep healthy” 指 “骑行是保持健康的好方法”，是全文核心话题，常见搭配 “go cycling”（去骑行）。 2. mental [ˈmentl] adj. 心理的；精神的 语境用法：“mental health” 即 “心理健康”，与 “heart”（心脏，生理健康）对应，体现骑行对身心的双重益处，反义词 “physical”（身体的）。 3. benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] n. 益处；好处 语境用法：“a little-known benefit of getting on a bike” 指 “骑行鲜为人知的益处”，文中具体指 “对膝盖好”，常见搭配 “the benefit of sth”（某物的益处）、“get benefit from sth”（从某物中获益）。 4. cyclist [ˈsaɪklɪst] n. 骑自行车的人 语境用法：“cyclists are less likely to experience knee pain” 即 “骑行者更不容易膝盖疼”，由动词 “cycle”（骑行）加后缀 “-ist” 构成，同类词 “scientist”（科学家）。 5. research [rɪˈsɜːtʃ] n. 研究；调查 语境用法：“The study was carried out by a research team” 指 “研究由一个研究团队开展”，“research team” 即 “研究团队”，也可作动词 “research sth”（研究某物）。 6. survey [səˈveɪ] v. 调查；勘测 语境用法：“Researchers surveyed 2,600 men and women” 指 “研究人员调查了 2600 人”，侧重 “对人群数据的收集”，区别于 “study”（侧重系统性研究），搭配 “survey sb about sth”（就某事调查某人）。 7. average [ˈævərɪdʒ] adj. 平均的 语境用法：“with an average age of 64” 即 “平均年龄 64 岁”，是描述调查样本的关键信息，常见搭配 “average temperature”（平均温度）、“on average”（平均来看）。 8. experience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns] v. 经历；遭遇 语境用法：“experience knee pain” 指 “遭遇膝盖疼痛”，此处为动词义（八年级多学 “经验” 的名词义），需注意词性区分，搭配 “experience sth”（经历某事，多为负面或特殊事件）。 9. lead [liːd] adj. 主要的；首席的 语境用法：“the lead researcher” 即 “首席研究员”，由 “领导”（动词，/liːd/）派生为形容词，发音不变，需注意 “lead” 作 “铅” 讲时发音为 /led/，避免混淆。 10. prematurely [ˈpremətʃəli] adv. 过早地 语境用法：“die prematurely” 指 “过早死亡”，文中说明骑行降低早逝风险，由形容词 “premature”（过早的）加后缀 “-ly” 构成，常见搭配 “end prematurely”（过早结束）。 11. preventative [prɪˈventətɪv] adj. 预防的 语境用法：“a great preventative way for many things” 指 “预防多种疾病的好方法”，对应 “arthritis”（关节炎）的预防，由动词 “prevent”（预防）派生，搭配 “preventative measures”（预防措施）。 12. wear-and-tear [ˌweə ən ˈteə] adj. 磨损的 语境用法：“wear-and-tear arthritis” 即 “磨损性关节炎”，描述骨关节炎的成因（软骨磨损），是固定短语，字面义 “磨损”，比喻 “长期使用导致的损耗”。 13. cartilage [ˈkɑːtɪlɪdʒ] n. 软骨 语境用法：“the cartilage in our joints” 指 “关节中的软骨”，是解释骨关节炎的关键术语，文中标注中文释义，帮助理解 “磨损” 的具体部位。 14. affect [əˈfekt] v. 影响 语境用法：“Arthritis most commonly affects the over-50s” 指 “关节炎最常影响 50 岁以上人群”，侧重 “对人或事物产生作用”，区别于 “effect”（n. 影响），搭配 “affect sb/sth”（影响某人 / 某物）。 【长难句分析】 1. A new study says cyclists are less likely to experience knee pain later in life than people who do not ride bicycles. 中文翻译：一项新研究表明，骑行者晚年经历膝盖疼痛的可能性比不骑自行车的人更低。 结构分析： 主句：“A new study says that...”（核心句意：一项新研究表明……），“says” 后省略引导词 “that”，是八年级常见的 “动词 + 宾语从句” 结构； 宾语从句：“cyclists are less likely to experience...than people...”，含比较级“less likely than”（比…… 更不可能），“be likely to do sth” 是八年级需掌握的固定句型（表 “可能做某事”）； 定语从句：“who do not ride bicycles” 修饰先行词 “people”，说明 “对比的人群是‘不骑自行车的人’”，“who” 在从句中作主语，符合八年级定语从句基础用法。 2. The people that were surveyed were asked about their levels of physical activity. 中文翻译：被调查者被询问了他们的身体活动量。 结构分析： 主句：“The people were asked about their levels of physical activity”（核心句意：这些人被询问了身体活动量），含被动语态“were asked”（被询问），八年级需掌握 “be + 过去分词” 表被动的基本结构； 定语从句：“that were surveyed” 修饰先行词 “The people”，“that” 在从句中作主语，此处 “that” 可替换为 “who”（指代人），从句本身也是被动语态（“被调查”），体现 “调查对象与研究行为的关系”。 3. She said cyclists were 21 percent less likely to have signs of osteoarthritis compared to those who did not have a history of cycling. 中文翻译：她说，与没有骑行史的人相比，骑行者出现骨关节炎迹象的可能性低 21%。 结构分析： 主句：“She said that...”（核心句意：她说……），“said” 后接宾语从句，从句语序为陈述语序（八年级重点语法）； 比较结构：“21 percent less likely...compared to those” 即 “比那些人低 21% 的可能性”，“compared to”（与…… 相比）是八年级常用的比较状语短语，补充说明对比对象； 定语从句：“who did not have a history of cycling” 修饰先行词 “those”（指代 “人”），说明 “对比对象是‘没有骑行史的人’”，从句中 “have a history of sth”（有某物的经历）是八年级可理解的短语。 【语篇分析】 本文以 “骑行对健康的益处” 为核心，先总述骑行对心脏、心理、体重及膝盖的四重好处，再通过美国贝勒医学院的具体研究（调查 2600 名平均年龄 64 岁的人，结合 X 光检查），得出 “骑行者骨关节炎风险低 21%、早逝风险低 20%” 的结论，最后解释骨关节炎的成因，强调骑行的预防作用。 实战演练 一、完形填空 Ethan loves eating chicken, pizzas and hamburgers. To drink, he 1 drinks water. Instead, he always likes soft drinks. “You can’t keep eating or drinking like this!” Ethan’s mum says. “ 2 ? They taste so good.” “You have too much 3 . Look at what you’re eating for breakfast.” Ethan 4 the food in front of him. It looks good to him. “I’m having a hamburger, super bear sugar and chocolate.” He eats and then 5 when his teeth begin to ache (疼). “Ethan, you have to see the doctor if you’re getting bad teeth.” “No, I’m not!” Ethan eats the chocolate again to show he is 6 . But his teeth really ache. “Why do all the delicious things have to be bad for me? I can’t always eat 7 . After all, I’m not a rabbit.” “I know, but you need good food for your teeth, eyes and heart. If you can’t start making right 8 more often, I won’t buy any sweets for you.” “That’s not fair (公平的)!” Ethan shouts. “I will not 9 all these sweets to you for breakfast. You will get some fruit after breakfast, okay?” Ethan doesn’t want to say yes, 10 his mum’s advice isn’t really very awful. Maybe his teeth won’t ache so much if he stops eating sweets. 1．A．always B．sometimes C．usually D．seldom 2．A．How B．Who C．Why D．Which 3．A．porridge B．pork C．sugar D．salt 4．A．looks at B．focuses on C．waits for D．turns off 5．A．leaves B．practises C．changes D．stops 6．A．fine B．fat C．poor D．unhappy 7．A．chips B．beef C．watermelons D．cabbages 8．A．choices B．rules C．goals D．results 9．A．lose B．build C．improve D．serve 10．A．if B．and C．but D．because 二、阅读理解 A These days, people have very busy lives, working or studying and spending time with friends and family. Life today can be very stressful (有压力的). So people need to do something different to relax in their free time. Some people like to go to the gym so that they can keep fit and healthy. However, many people don’t like running or using machines to exercise. Then yoga can be a good activity for these people. Yoga can help your body and mind to relax while your body becomes stronger. Many people do yoga every day, and it is an activity which all people can do—young or old. It can give you more energy too. Yoga started a very long time ago in India, but in the last few years it has become very popular all over the world. You can find yoga classes in most towns and cities these days. There are also lots of yoga videos on the Internet, so you can try it at home! If you want to exercise and relax at the same time, why don’t you try yoga? 1．Why do people need to relax? A．They feel bored B．Life is stressful C．They have no friends 2．What exercise do many people dislike? A．Running or using machines B．Yoga and swimming C．Playing ball games 3．What else (别的) does yoga give? A．Saves money B．Gives energy C．Makes friends 4．How do we know yoga is popular? A．Started long ago B．Classes are everywhere C．Only old people do it 5．What is the writer’s suggestion (建议)? A．Watch videos B．Go to the gym C．Try yoga B One day, you open the fridge and find some moldy (发霉的) food. But before you can throw it away, your mother stops you. She cuts off the moldy part and eats the rest. Is it safe to do this? Mold (霉菌) can grow on almost all kinds of food. Mold is usually green, white, black or grey. Mold makes food soft and changes its color. Moldy food tastes quite bad and it’s not safe to eat. If you find mold in soft food, just throw it away. Soft food, such as bread, tomatoes or hot dogs, usually holds water. This makes mold easily grow below its surface. Bacteria (细菌) can also grow along with it. But it’s easy to remove mold from hard food. The mold can’t grow very far inside this kind of food. According to the BBC, you should cut about 2.5 cm around and below the mold to remove it. It’s OK to cut the moldy parts out of hard food and eat the rest. But if the food is totally covered with mold, you should still throw it away. Most kinds of mold are bad for us. But some kinds of mold can be used to make food. For example, penicillium (青霉菌) can be used to make many types of cheeses, such as blue cheese. These cheeses are safe to eat and they’re quite delicious as well. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling stories. B．By giving numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By answering questions. 2．What should you do if you find mold on a hot dog? A．You can eat it as usual. B．You should throw it away. C．You can cut off the moldy part and eat the rest. D．You can boil it in hot water first and then eat it. 3．What does the word “This” refer to in paragraph 2? A．Food. B．Bread. C．Tomato. D．Water. 4．What do we know about mold? A．Moldy food is not safe to eat. B．We can’t see it with our eyes. C．It is more likely to grow on hard top. D．All kinds of mold are bad for our health. 5．In which unit of a textbook can the passage be found? A．Unit 1 The Animal world. B．Unit 2 Food and Health. C．Unit 3 Plans and Dreams. D．Unit 4 The World of Technology. C According to the National Health Commission (NHC), by 2030, more than 70% of adults in China and over 30% of children could be overweight or obese (肥胖的) if no action is taken. Being overweight can make everyday activities hard and make people feel terrible about themselves. More importantly, being overweight can lead to serious health problems like heart problems, diabetes (糖尿病), and even some kinds of cancer. The NHC has started the Weight Management Year program to encourage healthy lifestyles. So, do you know how to manage weight? First, eat meals at regular times. Have breakfast every day and finish dinner by 7 p.m. Avoid snacks, drinks with lots of sugar, and late-night eating. Eat until 70% full and eat slowly. Begin with vegetables, then meat, and finally rice or noodles. This helps control how much you eat. Also, get enough sleep, about 7 hours a night, and exercise regularly. Try to exercise for 150 to 300 minutes each week, like walking or cycling. Add strength training 2 to 3 times a week. Don’t sit for too long. Stand up and move every hour. Experts remind us that weight management is not a short-term goal. It’s a lifelong habit. During the Weight Management Year, we should learn healthy ways to control our weight. By eating well, staying active, and sleeping enough, we can live healthier lives. Remember, small changes can make a big difference! * the National Health Commission (NHC) 国家卫生健康委员会 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Why did the NHC start the Weight Management Year program? A．To make people read more. B．To encourage more people to run. C．To solve the problem of being overweight. D．To teach children about science and technology. 2．According to the text, which of the following are suggested for weight management? ①Eating until 70% full.          ②Sleeping less than 6 hours a night. ③Avoiding sugary drinks.        ④Exercising 150-300 minutes weekly. A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④ 3．What does the underlined word “regularly” mean in Chinese? A．快速地 B．有规律地 C．偶尔地 D．激烈地 4．What can we infer from the text about overweight problems in China? A．Only adults face the risk of obesity. B．Children’s obesity rate will drop by 2030. C．Without action, over 70% of adults may be overweight by 2030. D．Heart problems are unrelated to weight. 5．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The dangers of eating late at night. B．How to lose weight in one month. C．Healthy habits for long-term weight management. D．The history of the NHC’s programs. 三、阅读还原 Why do young people like junk food? There are many kinds of junk food. 1 Many children love junk food. Although (尽管) they know it’s not a good habit to eat junk food, they still love it. Their parents don’t want them to eat too much junk food, because it’s bad for their health. Some of them eat junk food every day. 2 As a result (结果), they don’t have a healthy lifestyle. Bill is kind of unhealthy. He doesn’t look after himself. He eats lots of hamburgers because he loves them. 3 He doesn’t eat fruit or vegetables and he never drinks milk. When he has money, he’ll buy junk food to eat. His parents want him to be healthy. They don’t want to give him money anymore. But Bill says, “Mom, I’m not very healthy, but I have a good time.” 29 In fact, good eating habits are very important. It’s good to eat as much fruit and vegetables as possible because they can help us keep fit. And we should have a balanced diet (饮食). It can give us lots of energy and keep our body active. 30 从下面的五个选项中，选择还原到文章中，使文章意思通顺、结构完整。 A．Maybe this is the reason. B．They look nice and taste good. C．Then we can enjoy a happier and healthier life. D．Some eat more than three times a week. E．He hardly exercises. 四、阅读填表 The eyes are the windows of the soul. We all hope to have a pair of bright, clear eyes. Unluckily, many of us don’t realize how important it is to take care of our eyes. It is said that if you take care of your body, you can surely be healthy, so we must give our eyes a lot of care. Several things lead to poor eyesight (视力), like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging. Televisions and computers also bring us problems of poor eyesight. If you work in front of the computer, it is better to take a break after one hour’s working. Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful (有害的) things. For example, sunglasses can protect your eyesight from strong sunlight. Eating healthy food will be good for your eyesight. Remember that vitamins (维生素) A, C and E are good for eyes. And you should do eye exercises because they can protect your eyesight, too. If a person often exercises and eats the right food, his eyes will stay in good health for a long time. All above are natural ways of eye care to help us keep healthy eyes. Being happy all the time can be helpful to a person’s eyesight, too. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is. Eye care Present situation Many people don’t know the 1 of taking care of eyes. 2 for poor eyesight ●Not enough food, genes and aging. ●Too much time for televisions and computers. Way to keep your eyes healthy 3 ways ●Take a break after working for an hour on the computer. ● Clean your eyes with cold water if something dirty falls into them. ●Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from strong sunlight. ●Eat food 4 in vitamins A, C and E. ●Do eye exercises. Conclusion The other way Be happy all the time. Eye care is important for people of all 5 . 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$