考点01 名词与数词(高效培优精讲精练)(全国通用)2026年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

2025-10-30
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 名词,数词
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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文件大小 760 KB
发布时间 2025-10-30
更新时间 2025-08-29
作者 爱生活爱英语
品牌系列 上好课·一轮讲练测
审核时间 2025-08-25
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来源 学科网

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考点01 名词和数词(核心考点精讲精练) 温馨提示: 本资料注重培优,集中强化重点,突破难度,规避易混易错点) 1. 高考真题考点分布 考点 题型 名词/数词 语法填空 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向 2025 2025·全国I卷 guidance 词形转换 2025·全国II卷 afternoons;absence 名词复数;词形转换 20255·年浙江1月 people’s;times;solution 名词的所有格;名词复数;词形转换 2024 2024·新课标I卷 favorites (favourite); richness(rich) 名词的数; 名词的功能和构成 2024·新课标II卷 themes(theme); visibility (visible) 名词的数; 名词的功能和构成 2024·全国乙卷 2024·全国甲卷 treasures(treasure) completion(complete) 名词的数 名词的功能和构成 2024·年浙江1月 criticism (criticize) 名词的功能和构成 2023 2023·新课标I卷 2023·新课标II卷 arrival(arrive) interviews(interview) 名词的的功能和构成 2023·全国乙卷 wonders (wonder) 名词的数 2023·全国甲卷 different(difference) warning(warn) 名词的功能和构成 2023·年浙江1月 events (event) 名词的数 2022 2022·新课标I卷 populations(population) 名词的数 2022·新课标II卷 son’s(son) 名词的所有格 2022·全国乙卷 responsibility (responsible) 名词的功能和构成 2022·全国甲卷 protection(protect) 名词的功能和构成 2022·年浙江6月 photographer (photograph); independence (independent) 名词的功能和构成 2022·年浙江1月 invitation (invite) 名词的功能和构成 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 近3年新高考卷对于名词的考查基本在名词上共计19次,主要考查: 1.给出名词提示词,考查名词复数; 2.名词的功能和构成:词形转换, (通常为动词、形容词)为提示词,填写名词; 3. 名词所有格; 4.名词的固定搭配。 【备考策略】 1. 熟练掌握名词单数变复数的基本规则,根据句意或主谓一致原则确定名词的数; 2. 明确形容词与名词、冠词与名词之间的修饰关系以及在句中所作成分,确定名词的恰当形式。 3. 要熟练掌握名词所有格的作用。 3.【命题预测】 2026年语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中在给出词根进行词类转化,根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词,名词的复数形式,所有格形式的变化。主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。 考点一 其他词类转化为名词的词形转换 1.形容词转化为名词后缀 后缀 例词 -age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比 -cy efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私 -dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智;智慧 -ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据 -ness weak→weakness虚弱;弱点 thick→thickness厚度 kind→kindness仁慈,友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意 -th strong→strength力气;优势 warm→warmth温暖;热情 -y/-ty/-ity difficult→difficulty困难 disable→disability缺陷;伤残 responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实   ①careless→ carelessness粗心大意helpless→ helplessness无助safe→ safeness安全性(易混:safety安全) 【注意】以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i再加-ness lonely→ loneliness孤独 ②strong→ strength力气;强项true→ truth真实wide→ width宽度deep→ depth深度long→ length长度young→ youth年轻人 【高频再现】 ①absent→ absence缺席confident→ confidence自信心different→ difference不同evident→ evidence证据patient→ patience耐心 ②bored→ boredom厌烦free→ freedom自由;自主wise→ wisdom明智;智慧 ③difficult→ difficulty困难discover→ discovery发现deliver→delivery递送recover→recovery恢复;痊愈honest→ honesty诚实 ④certain→ certainty必然的事cruel→ cruelty残酷;残暴safe→ safety安全 ⑤able→ ability能力disable→ disability无能;残疾active→ activity活动real→ reality现实responsible→ responsibility责任 visible→visibility知名度 2.动词转化为名词后缀 后缀 例词 -ion/ -tion/ -sion/ attract→attraction吸引力 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入 permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望 -er/ -or sail→sailor海员,水手 drive→driver司机;驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者,采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员 -ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据 treat→treatment对待;治疗 equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府 astonish→astonishment惊奇 develop→development发展 -ance/ -ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 guide→guidance指引;指导 perform→performance表演;表现 exist→existence存在;生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅 -ure/ -ture fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物) -ing hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告 -y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现 ①enter→ entrance进入exist→ existence存在;生存prefer→ preference偏爱refer→ reference参考;查阅differ→ difference不同 ②imagine→ imagination想象力starve→ starvation挨饿occupy→ occupation工作,职业;占领 ③cover→ coverage覆盖范围short→ shortage不足;短缺marry→ marriage婚姻pack→ package包裹 ④serve→ servant仆人participate→ participant参加者assist→ assistant助手apply→ applicant申请人 ⑤clean→ cleaner清洁剂contain→ container容器cook→ cooker炊具draw→ drawer抽屉 dry→ drier干燥剂;干燥机sharpen→ sharpener铅笔刀shave→ shaver剃须刀thrill→ thriller惊悚小说/电影calculate→ calculator计算器tract→ tractor拖拉机 【高频再现】 ①approve→approval赞成;批准arrive→arrival到来;到达survive→survival幸存propose→proposal提议;建议refuse→refusal拒绝 ②press→pressure压力mix→mixture混合;混合物depart→departure离开;出发fail→failure失败please→pleasure愉快 ③educate→education教育evaluate→evaluation评估graduate→graduation毕业 ④equip→equipment设备employ→employment雇用treat→treatment对待;治疗 ⑤employ→employee雇员interview→interviewee参加面试者train→trainee受训者;实习生escape→escapee逃亡者 3.名词转化为名词后缀 后缀 例词 -ian/ -ist/ music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家 science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家 ①history→ historian历史学家library→ librarian图书管理员 ②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人 1.(2025全国I卷)“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your 59 (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 1.根据语境标志词判断是否转化成名词 (1)看到冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词时, 要想到名词; (2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词; (3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。 2. 根据空处词的位置,确定本词在句中的成分,作主语、宾语成分,可能填名词,表语也可能是名词。 3. 熟记常见名词后缀:-age表示“状态;场所;费用”;-ory表示“工作场所;住处”;-ology表示“……学;……论”;-ure表示“状态”;-cy表示“性质;状态”;-ery表示“境遇;状况;性质;行为”;-ism表示“主义”;-ty表示“性质;状态;程度”。 2.(2025浙江 1月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing. 1.(2025八省联考卷)As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 65 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. 2.(2026·湖南省高三阶段性检测(一))Each long song is special because singers preform by adding some things that reflect the 41 (free) of the life of Mongolian people. 3.(2026·湖北省荆州中学高三上学期8月月考)In my daily life, I take small steps to reduce my plastic 41 (consume). 考点二 可数名词的复数 1.规则变化 情况 方法 例词 一般情况 加-s students,teachers,doc tors,tables 以s,x,ch,sh结尾 加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/,要+s, 如stomachs) glasses,dishes,boxes,watches 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i再加-es families,babies,armies,bodies 以元音字母+y结尾 加-s boys,toys,pianos,photos 以f或fe结尾 大都变f或fe为v,再加-es thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives 少数加-s beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs 以o结尾 通常加-s radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos 有的加-es heroes,potatoes,tomatoes 2. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式 (1)一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s:book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls (2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es:glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches (3)以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es;city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties (4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s:radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos;加-es的有以下词:heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。 (5) 【注意】以-f,-fe结尾的名词 ①少数直接加-s:roof→ roofs,belief→ beliefs。 ②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es:self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。 3.名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时,要想到用复数形式。 4.谓语动词为复数形式,要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。 5.【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数,如child→ children, man→ men, tooth→ teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans(准确记住不规则变化是培优复习的重点,挑战零失误。) 6.常见单复数同形的名词 Chinese 中国人;sheep 绵羊;deer鹿;series 系列;means 方式;works 工厂;fish 鱼;fruit 水果等。其中fish,fruit表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即fishes,fruits。 7.自身有特殊变化的名词 child孩子→children man男人→men tooth牙→teeth foot脚,英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice phenomenon现象→phenomena medium传播媒介→media 8.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。 9.【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有:make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。 10.常考的不可数名词 (1)表物质的不可数名词:baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。 (2)表抽象概念的不可数名词:work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。 (3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词:advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。(一定记牢) 11.名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况 (1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别 fishes各种鱼;fruits各种水果;steels各种钢材 (2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义 snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族 (3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数 The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses (4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数 write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers (5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式 a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap (6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义 time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事) air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌) custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息) arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金) glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物) compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗) 1.(2025全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky 64 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 2.(2025浙江 1月卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. times。 1.(2025八省联考卷)The goal was two-fold: to celebrate cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six 57 (tongue). 2.(2026·广东省广州市高三上学期8月阶段训练)It features five short 43 (video), which are shared on major social media platforms, offering insights into China’s cultural and technological landscape. 3.(2026·湖北省武汉市九师联盟高三上学期8月开学)The commercial prosperity (繁荣) of the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing 57 (dynasty) left a historical mark. 考点三 抽象名词具体化 (1) 通常只用作不可数名词的名词: advice建议, furniture家具, fun乐趣;information信息,news新闻, weather天气, progress进步,wealth财富,value价值等。 (2)抽象名词具体化 ①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考的有: 单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 beauty 美;美丽 美丽的人或事物 comfort 安慰;慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情 Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。 ②物质名词具体化 drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料 coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡 chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔 hair 头发→a hair 一根头发 ③抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如: Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期,能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。 1.【2023年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___ (warn) about environmental destruction. 2.(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 有些表示表示抽象意义的名词,在具体的语境中表示具体的人、事物或活动。常考的有以tion结尾的抽象名词,failure,success等。例如:celebration抽象意义:庆祝;具体意义:某种庆祝活动;failure抽象意义:失败;具体意义:失败的人或事;success抽象意义:成功;具体意义:成功的人或事。 1.(2026·广东省深圳市两学部八月月考高三上学期8月月考)However, the researchers acknowledge certain 43 (limit) of the study. One of its drawbacks is that the study is observational and the number of participants is relatively small. 2.(2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考)Even today, the Silk Road remains a major ______ (attract), drawing tourists from China and around the world. 考点四 名词所有格 (1)-’s所有格 ①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加-’s 或’;表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s或’。 Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。 Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。 ②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。 at the barber’s在理发店 at the teacher’s在老师办公室 (2)of所有格 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。 the content of the novel小说的内容 the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字 (3)双重所有格 指"名词+of+名词所有格"或"名词+of+名词性物主代词"。 a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧) a friend of mine(我的一个朋友) 1.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)“He saved my 64 (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown. 2.(2021·浙江卷)It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 1.(2025·浙江省杭州市七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考)Panda enthusiasts in both China and the US will have various means of learning about the (pair) daily lives and adjustment process, according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. 2.(2025·浙江省金华第一中学月考)The bus was not a performance group of any kind but a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the (country) vast rural areas. 考点五 名词的语法功能 1.作主语 The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。 His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。 2.作宾语 (1)作及物动词的直接宾语 I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。 Have you finished the letter to Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗? (2)作及物动词的间接宾语。 I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。 She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。 (3)作介词的宾语。 After 20 years’ traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。 Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向爸妈要钱吗? 3.作表语 It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。 She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。 4.作宾语的补足语 They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。(职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词) The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。 5.作定语 (1)直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。 college students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛 Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上,我们的书店停一下吧! He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。 (2)名词所有格作定语。 students’ books学生用书 China’s capital中国的首都 the world’s population世界人口 (3)man,woman,gentleman作定语 man,woman,gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式,但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。 He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。 There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。 (4)某些常用复数的名词用作定语 某些常用复数的名词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数形式。 arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车 savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department外语系 (5)单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。 Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部 (6)表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。 a peasant family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker习惯用所有格作定语) (7)两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。 women drivers女司机 the woman’s driver这位妇女的司机 girl friend女朋友 the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友 mother tongue母语 mother’s tongue母亲的舌头 (8)名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能,与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性 gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的,但不一定含金) 6.作状语 时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。 The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里 Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。 1.(2021年全国乙卷) Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ______(develop)of the local areas. 2.(2022年全国甲卷) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ______ (protect). 【易错提醒】 名词作定语注意以下几点: (1)直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。 college students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛 (2)man,woman,gentleman作定语 man,woman,gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式,但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。 He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。 (3)某些常用复数的名词用作定语 某些常用复数的名词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数形式。 arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车 1. (2026·湖北省武汉市九师联盟高三上学期8月开学)Members of the 2024 A Date with China tour watched the puppetry 60 (perform), Daming Prefecture, on May 19, featuring traditional stunts (特技) such as lion dancing and martial arts. 2.(2026·湖北省孝感高级中学高三上学期8月测试)The Inner Mongolia autonomous region, a vast territory in northern China, has recently gained global 36 (recognize) for its ecological restoration efforts, particularly in the Kubuqi Desert. 数词 【命题规律】 考情分析:分析新高考有关数词的考向分布。 五年高考只有两次考查了数词: 题型 语法填空 高考考点 数词 全国甲卷 2023 six--sixth 新高考II卷 2021 seven--seventh 命题规律 考点要求 考题统计 考情分析 基数词 3年0考 【命题规律】 根据新高考五年的考情分析,基数词和序数词的相互转换是可能的考查要点,因此,总结归类数词相关的转换规律及具体数词表达法是备考的重点方向。 考查重点是序数词和分数的表达法,虽然数词考得较少,但仍然需要充分复习,几年没考是因为找不到与数词相关的文章,如果有合适的语篇考查数词的可能性还是有的。 序数词 3年2考 数词的常用表达法 3年0考 【备考策略】 熟练掌握基数词和序数词转换的基本规则。注意几个不规则词的转换。 【命题预测】 预测2026年高考对于数词的考查仍然会以基数词、序数词的转换和数词的特殊用法为主。 考点一、基数词和序数词的相互转换 1.一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。 2.十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。 3.两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。 此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。 one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth 考点二、与数词相关的表达法 1.分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。 2.表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。 3.当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。 4.“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。 考点三、易混易错数词考点 1.序数词前有时可用不定冠词a/an,此时不强调顺序。“a/an+序数词”相当于another,表示“又一个,再一个”。You'd better try a third time.你最好再试一次。 2.表示“许多,大量;一些”的词和短语 特征 词语 备注 只修饰可数名词 a few, quite a few, many, a good many,a large number of, dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thou-sands of, millions of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数 只修饰不可数名词 a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数 既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, plenty of 作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式根据名词来定 a large quantity of 作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式由后面的名词决定 large quantities of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数 考点四、考查倍数表达法 1.倍数+as+形容词(副词)原级+as...。My income is twice as much as yours.我的收入是你的2倍。 2.倍数+the size/length/width/depth/height of...。My house is twice the size of his.我的房子是他的两倍大。 3.倍数+that of。 The size of my house is twice that of his.我的房子是他的两倍大。 In this factory, the output of July is 4 times that of January.这个工厂七月份的产量是一月份的四倍。 4.倍数+比较级+than。 The output of cars in 2012 is 4 times greater than that of 2011.2012年小轿车产量是2011年的5倍。 1.(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the        (six) century, BC. 2.(2021·新高考II卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. 用序数词还是基数词一定要注意分清相关语境,有顺序的用序数词,无顺序的用基数词。但要注意隐含的语境,因为汉语和英语习惯的不同。例如:18岁生日eighteenth birthday;五年级fifth grade。 常用序数词的拼写规律及特殊数词的记忆 ①序数词多数是由“基数词+th”构成。如:six→sixth,seven→seventh等。 ②以y结尾的整十的数字,先将y改为i,再加­eth。如:fifty-→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth等。 ③21以上的非整十的数字,将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词,其他的位数仍用基数词。如: twenty-one →twenty­first, thirty­two →thirty-second, two hundred and ninety­eight →two hundred and ninety­eighth等。 ④少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。如: one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,twelve→twelfth 注:fourteenth(第十四),fortieth(第四十),ninth(第九),nineteenth(第十九),ninetieth(第九十) 1.(2025·河南省九师联盟高三联考)In 2013, nearly a ________ (three) of its population was still living under the absolute poverty line. 2.(2025·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in council­run courses costing from £10 each time. 3.(2025·湖南省邵阳市武冈市统考)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ________ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year. 1.分数的表达法: 分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。 ►1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths 【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法: ►a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourths 四分之三 2.常考固定表达法 in one’s thirties在某人30多岁(区别:in the thirties在30年代) an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩 a 100-meter-long bridge一座100米长的桥 4. (江苏省南京市高三二模)Most Brits spend almost ________ (two) as much of their leisure time socializing with others as they do being alone. (最新模拟试题演练) 1.(2026·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三上学期开学)He also added that when the two countries work together on the basis of 43 (equal) and respecting each other, they can achieve important results that help both sides and others. 2.(2026·浙江省Z20名校联盟(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟)高三上学期第一次联考)The Records of the Three Kingdoms by Western Jin Dynasty 60 (history) Chen Shou documented its military applications, describing ‌“vine armor” so effective that it could float across rivers, resist water, and stand against arrows. 3.(2026·湖北省腾云联盟高三上学期8月联考)The 63 (action) help to increase Wuhan’s flood resilience(适应能力) and effectively return the rivers, riverbanks and riverscape to the people, thus making the city 64 (livable), business-friendly and attractive for tourists. 4.(2026·四川省广安市广安三区联考高三上学期8月月考)The Hongkou District Sports Festival, aiming to establish Shanghai’s Ruihong Tiandi as an integrated sports and 56 ( consume) centre, kicked off on July 5. 5.(2026·湖北省荆州中学高三上学期8月月考)One of the simplest ways to reduce plastic use is by avoiding plastic straws(吸管). While they are used for just a brief moment, plastic straws take 36 (century) to break down. 6.(2026·广东省广州市高三上学期8月阶段训练)Covering more than 200 pages, this book is organized into five sections, reflecting the journey of US-China 40 (engage) since diplomatic (外交的) ties began in 1979. 7.(2026·湖南省高三阶段性检测(一)) 42 (local) call it “the perfect unity of heaven’s voice and the human soul”. 8.(2026·湖南省永州市第一中学高三上学期开学) The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 42 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 9.(2026·山西省怀仁市第一中学校高三上学期摸底)You can find this rock in the Lesser Stone Forest. She is seen as a 40 (protect) of the Sani people. 10.(2026·山西忻州部分学校高三上学期8月阶段性测试)Perhaps the most ambitious type of carbon capture involves removing carbon dioxide (CO2) directly from the air, although there are just a few such 39 (facility) currently in operation worldwide. 11.(2026·四川省巴中市普通高中高三上学期9月零诊)Despite being a prestigious scholar, Lu Gusun never cared for material 44 (pursue) and personally felt no need for them. 12.(2025·辽宁省沈阳市第二中学模拟)The (one) American Labor Day was celebrated in New York City on September 5th,1882, as thousands of workers and their families came to Union Square for a day in the park. 13.(2025·广东梅县东山中学高三月考)1.She is a remarkable athlete , known for her outstanding speed and skill, making her (two) only to the world champion in her sport. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14.(2025·河南省九师联盟联考)In 2013, nearly a ________ (three) of its population was still living under the absolute poverty line. 15.(2025·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in council­run courses costing from £10 each time. 16.(2025·河北省邯郸市统考)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ________ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year. 语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2026·河北省河北定州中学高三上学期开学) Chinese brocade (锦缎) is an art form that dates back over 1, 300 years. Over time, regional 1 (variety) developed across China. Today, cities like Nanjing and Chengdu are known for their brocade production and museums 2 high-quality brocade scarves and bags can be purchased. Creating Chinese brocade is a painstaking process. Using traditional looms (织布机) that can reach 18 feet in 3 (long) and contain thousands of parts, artisans employ dozens of steps 4 (bring) their visions to life. To help memorize these complex processes, they even sing songs while they work. The result of this creative effort is bright cloth 5 (decorate) with patterns woven (纺织) from silk, gold, and even birds’ feather. The level of skill is so high that even experienced workers produce mere two inches of this cloth in a day. “The brocade cannot be produced with modern machines. It can be woven only on the traditional loom,” says Feng Zhao, director of the China National Silk Museum in Hangzhou. “This feature appeals 6 older Chinese people, who appreciate brocade from their hearts 7 view it as a proud symbol of cultural heritage.” Nowadays, this complex cloth once reserved for the rich and powerful 8 (be) finding new life on fashion runways. Designer Chen Liwen last year 9 (launch) a range of scarves and accessories targeted at Z-Generation consumers that feature the hu bu tiger pattern. The ancient brocade, then, seems to be 10 (tight) woven into China’s future. 语法填空(单句语法填空) 1.(2025全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 63 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air. 2.(2025浙江 1月卷)“I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 3. (2024·新高考I卷)The latest (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 4.(2024·全国甲卷)They are (treasure)of American heritage(遗产). 5.(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed(承诺)to promote the idea at the 48 (complete)of their journey. 6.(2024·北京卷)Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time to rest allows us to develop a deeper sense of (self-aware). 7.(2023年新高考II卷) They also need to be ready to give __________ (interview) in English with international journalists. 8.(2023·1月浙江卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ________ (event). 9.(2022年新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ______ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 10.(2022·全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ______ (protect). 11.(2022·全国乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ______ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 12.(2022年1月浙江卷)When the answer was no ,she declined the________(invite) . 13.(2022年6月浙江卷)For Luc, this means (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it and to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” 14.(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ______(develop)of the local areas. 15.(2021·新高考II卷) A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 16.(2021·浙江卷) In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ______(marry)ceremony in 1842. 17.(2020·新课标II卷)Chinese New Year is a ____ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 18. (2020年北京卷)Now, lots of (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 19 / 24 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 考点01 名词和数词(核心考点精讲精练) 温馨提示: 本资料注重培优,集中强化重点,突破难度,规避易混易错点) 1. 高考真题考点分布 考点 题型 名词/数词 语法填空 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向 2025 2025·全国I卷 guidance 词形转换 2025·全国II卷 afternoons;absence 名词复数;词形转换 20255·年浙江1月 people’s;times;solution 名词的所有格;名词复数;词形转换 2024 2024·新课标I卷 favorites (favourite); richness(rich) 名词的数; 名词的功能和构成 2024·新课标II卷 themes(theme); visibility (visible) 名词的数; 名词的功能和构成 2024·全国乙卷 2024·全国甲卷 treasures(treasure) completion(complete) 名词的数 名词的功能和构成 2024·年浙江1月 criticism (criticize) 名词的功能和构成 2023 2023·新课标I卷 2023·新课标II卷 arrival(arrive) interviews(interview) 名词的的功能和构成 2023·全国乙卷 wonders (wonder) 名词的数 2023·全国甲卷 different(difference) warning(warn) 名词的功能和构成 2023·年浙江1月 events (event) 名词的数 2022 2022·新课标I卷 populations(population) 名词的数 2022·新课标II卷 son’s(son) 名词的所有格 2022·全国乙卷 responsibility (responsible) 名词的功能和构成 2022·全国甲卷 protection(protect) 名词的功能和构成 2022·年浙江6月 photographer (photograph); independence (independent) 名词的功能和构成 2022·年浙江1月 invitation (invite) 名词的功能和构成 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 近3年新高考卷对于名词的考查基本在名词上共计19次,主要考查: 1.给出名词提示词,考查名词复数; 2.名词的功能和构成:词形转换, (通常为动词、形容词)为提示词,填写名词; 3. 名词所有格; 4.名词的固定搭配。 【备考策略】 1. 熟练掌握名词单数变复数的基本规则,根据句意或主谓一致原则确定名词的数; 2. 明确形容词与名词、冠词与名词之间的修饰关系以及在句中所作成分,确定名词的恰当形式。 3. 要熟练掌握名词所有格的作用。 3.【命题预测】 2026年语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中在给出词根进行词类转化,根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词,名词的复数形式,所有格形式的变化。主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。 考点一 其他词类转化为名词的词形转换 1.形容词转化为名词后缀 后缀 例词 -age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比 -cy efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私 -dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智;智慧 -ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据 -ness weak→weakness虚弱;弱点 thick→thickness厚度 kind→kindness仁慈,友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意 -th strong→strength力气;优势 warm→warmth温暖;热情 -y/-ty/-ity difficult→difficulty困难 disable→disability缺陷;伤残 responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实   ①careless→ carelessness粗心大意helpless→ helplessness无助safe→ safeness安全性(易混:safety安全) 【注意】以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i再加-ness lonely→ loneliness孤独 ②strong→ strength力气;强项true→ truth真实wide→ width宽度deep→ depth深度long→ length长度young→ youth年轻人 【高频再现】 ①absent→ absence缺席confident→ confidence自信心different→ difference不同evident→ evidence证据patient→ patience耐心 ②bored→ boredom厌烦free→ freedom自由;自主wise→ wisdom明智;智慧 ③difficult→ difficulty困难discover→ discovery发现deliver→delivery递送recover→recovery恢复;痊愈honest→ honesty诚实 ④certain→ certainty必然的事cruel→ cruelty残酷;残暴safe→ safety安全 ⑤able→ ability能力disable→ disability无能;残疾active→ activity活动real→ reality现实responsible→ responsibility责任 visible→visibility知名度 2.动词转化为名词后缀 后缀 例词 -ion/ -tion/ -sion/ attract→attraction吸引力 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入 permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望 -er/ -or sail→sailor海员,水手 drive→driver司机;驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者,采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员 -ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据 treat→treatment对待;治疗 equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府 astonish→astonishment惊奇 develop→development发展 -ance/ -ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 guide→guidance指引;指导 perform→performance表演;表现 exist→existence存在;生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅 -ure/ -ture fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物) -ing hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告 -y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现 ①enter→ entrance进入exist→ existence存在;生存prefer→ preference偏爱refer→ reference参考;查阅differ→ difference不同 ②imagine→ imagination想象力starve→ starvation挨饿occupy→ occupation工作,职业;占领 ③cover→ coverage覆盖范围short→ shortage不足;短缺marry→ marriage婚姻pack→ package包裹 ④serve→ servant仆人participate→ participant参加者assist→ assistant助手apply→ applicant申请人 ⑤clean→ cleaner清洁剂contain→ container容器cook→ cooker炊具draw→ drawer抽屉 dry→ drier干燥剂;干燥机sharpen→ sharpener铅笔刀shave→ shaver剃须刀thrill→ thriller惊悚小说/电影calculate→ calculator计算器tract→ tractor拖拉机 【高频再现】 ①approve→approval赞成;批准arrive→arrival到来;到达survive→survival幸存propose→proposal提议;建议refuse→refusal拒绝 ②press→pressure压力mix→mixture混合;混合物depart→departure离开;出发fail→failure失败please→pleasure愉快 ③educate→education教育evaluate→evaluation评估graduate→graduation毕业 ④equip→equipment设备employ→employment雇用treat→treatment对待;治疗 ⑤employ→employee雇员interview→interviewee参加面试者train→trainee受训者;实习生escape→escapee逃亡者 3.名词转化为名词后缀 后缀 例词 -ian/ -ist/ music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家 science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家 ①history→ historian历史学家library→ librarian图书管理员 ②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人 1.(2025全国I卷)“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your 59 (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 【答案】 guidance 【解析】考查名词。句意:你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱,迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语,用名词guidance“引导”,不可数名词。故填guidance。 1.根据语境标志词判断是否转化成名词 (1)看到冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词时, 要想到名词; (2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词; (3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。 2. 根据空处词的位置,确定本词在句中的成分,作主语、宾语成分,可能填名词,表语也可能是名词。 3. 熟记常见名词后缀:-age表示“状态;场所;费用”;-ory表示“工作场所;住处”;-ology表示“……学;……论”;-ure表示“状态”;-cy表示“性质;状态”;-ery表示“境遇;状况;性质;行为”;-ism表示“主义”;-ty表示“性质;状态;程度”。 2.(2025浙江 1月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing. 【答案】solution 【解析】考查名词。句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁,而不是让她们直接购买,为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语,用名词solution,意为“解决方案”,有冠词a修饰,用单数形式。故填solution。 1.(2025八省联考卷)As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 65 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. 【答案】 innovation 【解析】考查名词。句意:随着越来越多的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化,世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。此处作介词through的宾语,应用名词innovation“创新”。故填innovation。 2.(2026·湖南省高三阶段性检测(一))Each long song is special because singers preform by adding some things that reflect the 41 (free) of the life of Mongolian people. 【答案】freedom 【解析】考查名词。句意:每一首长调都很特别,因为歌手在演唱时会加入一些能体现蒙古族人民生活自由的元素。此处作reflect的宾语,用free的名词形式freedom,意为“自由”,为不可数名词。故填freedom。 3.(2026·湖北省荆州中学高三上学期8月月考)In my daily life, I take small steps to reduce my plastic 41 (consume). 【答案】consumption 【解析】考查名词。句意:在我的日常生活中,我采取一些小措施来减少我的塑料消耗。根据空格前的形容词性物主代词my可知,此处用提示词的名词形式consumption,作动词reduce的宾语,是不可数名词。故填consumption。 考点二 可数名词的复数 1.规则变化 情况 方法 例词 一般情况 加-s students,teachers,doc tors,tables 以s,x,ch,sh结尾 加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/,要+s, 如stomachs) glasses,dishes,boxes,watches 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i再加-es families,babies,armies,bodies 以元音字母+y结尾 加-s boys,toys,pianos,photos 以f或fe结尾 大都变f或fe为v,再加-es thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives 少数加-s beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs 以o结尾 通常加-s radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos 有的加-es heroes,potatoes,tomatoes 2. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式 (1)一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s:book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls (2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es:glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches (3)以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es;city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties (4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s:radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos;加-es的有以下词:heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。 (5) 【注意】以-f,-fe结尾的名词 ①少数直接加-s:roof→ roofs,belief→ beliefs。 ②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es:self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。 3.名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时,要想到用复数形式。 4.谓语动词为复数形式,要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。 5.【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数,如child→ children, man→ men, tooth→ teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans(准确记住不规则变化是培优复习的重点,挑战零失误。) 6.常见单复数同形的名词 Chinese 中国人;sheep 绵羊;deer鹿;series 系列;means 方式;works 工厂;fish 鱼;fruit 水果等。其中fish,fruit表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即fishes,fruits。 7.自身有特殊变化的名词 child孩子→children man男人→men tooth牙→teeth foot脚,英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice phenomenon现象→phenomena medium传播媒介→media 8.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。 9.【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有:make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。 10.常考的不可数名词 (1)表物质的不可数名词:baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。 (2)表抽象概念的不可数名词:work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。 (3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词:advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。(一定记牢) 11.名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况 (1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别 fishes各种鱼;fruits各种水果;steels各种钢材 (2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义 snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族 (3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数 The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses (4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数 write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers (5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式 a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap (6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义 time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事) air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌) custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息) arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金) glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物) compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗) 1.(2025全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky 64 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 【答案】afternoons 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:我住的地方,晒干的衣服闻起来特别香,这要归功于没有烟雾,而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词,此处指不止一个下午,应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 2.(2025浙江 1月卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. times。 【答案】 times 【解析】考查名词。句意:由于人们现在选择少穿的衣服更多了,服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time表示“次数”时是可数名词,fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。故填times。 1.(2025八省联考卷)The goal was two-fold: to celebrate cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six 57 (tongue). 【答案】 tongues 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:目的是双重的:庆祝文化多样性,并促进所有六种语言的平等使用。tongue“语言”为可数名词,由six修饰,应用复数形式。故填tongues。 2.(2026·广东省广州市高三上学期8月阶段训练)It features five short 43 (video), which are shared on major social media platforms, offering insights into China’s cultural and technological landscape. 【答案】videos 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:它包含五段短视频,这些视频在各大社交媒体平台上广泛传播,向人们展示了中国在文化与科技领域的风貌。此处可数名词“video”被“five short”修饰,需用复数形式“videos”,表示“五部短视频”。故填videos。 3.(2026·湖北省武汉市九师联盟高三上学期8月开学)The commercial prosperity (繁荣) of the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing 57 (dynasty) left a historical mark. 【答案】dynasties 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:唐、宋、明、清的商业繁荣留下了历史的印记。dynasty是可数名词,这里指多个朝代,需用复数形式表示泛指。故填dynasties。 考点三 抽象名词具体化 (1) 通常只用作不可数名词的名词: advice建议, furniture家具, fun乐趣;information信息,news新闻, weather天气, progress进步,wealth财富,value价值等。 (2)抽象名词具体化 ①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考的有: 单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 beauty 美;美丽 美丽的人或事物 comfort 安慰;慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情 Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。 ②物质名词具体化 drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料 coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡 chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔 hair 头发→a hair 一根头发 ③抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如: Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期,能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。 1.【2023年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___ (warn) about environmental destruction. 【答案】warning 【解析】考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 2.(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 【答案】celebration 【解析】考查名词作表语。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。 有些表示表示抽象意义的名词,在具体的语境中表示具体的人、事物或活动。常考的有以tion结尾的抽象名词,failure,success等。例如:celebration抽象意义:庆祝;具体意义:某种庆祝活动;failure抽象意义:失败;具体意义:失败的人或事;success抽象意义:成功;具体意义:成功的人或事。 1.(2026·广东省深圳市两学部八月月考高三上学期8月月考)However, the researchers acknowledge certain 43 (limit) of the study. One of its drawbacks is that the study is observational and the number of participants is relatively small. 【答案】limitations 【解析】考查名词。句意:然而,研究人员承认这项研究存在一定的局限性。根据前面的certain(某些,一定的)可知此处应用名词复数形式泛指,故填limitations。 2.(2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考)Even today, the Silk Road remains a major ______ (attract), drawing tourists from China and around the world. 【答案】attraction 【解析】考查名词。句意:直到今天,丝绸之路仍然是一个重要的景点,吸引着来自中国和世界各地的游客。形容词major后接名词形式,此处前面有不定冠词a,所以要用名词的单数形式attraction,表示“吸引力”。 故填attraction。 考点四 名词所有格 (1)-’s所有格 ①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加-’s 或’;表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s或’。 Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。 Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。 ②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。 at the barber’s在理发店 at the teacher’s在老师办公室 (2)of所有格 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。 the content of the novel小说的内容 the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字 (3)双重所有格 指"名词+of+名词所有格"或"名词+of+名词性物主代词"。 a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧) a friend of mine(我的一个朋友) 1.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)“He saved my 64 (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown. 【答案】son’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。 2.(2021·浙江卷)It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 【答案】person’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。此空后接名词,且根据句意“它的计算方法是用一个人的体重公斤数除以身高米数的平方……”,故此处填person的所有格形式。 1.(2025·浙江省杭州市七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考)Panda enthusiasts in both China and the US will have various means of learning about the (pair) daily lives and adjustment process, according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. 【答案】pair’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:据国家林业和草原局介绍,中美两国的熊猫爱好者可以通过各种方式了解这对大熊猫的日常生活和适应过程。空白处需要名词所有格形式作定语修饰daily lives,表示“这对大熊猫的日常生活”。因此,应使用pair的名词所有格形式pair’s。故填pair’s。 2.(2025·浙江省金华第一中学月考)The bus was not a performance group of any kind but a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the (country) vast rural areas. 【答案】country’s 【解析】考查所有格。句意:这辆巴士不是任何形式的表演团体,而是由教育部、中国科技馆和一个社交媒体平台联合组织的移动科学班,旨在向广大农村地区的孩子们播下科学热情的种子。此处country与areas构成所属关系,应用名词所有格形式。故填country’s。 考点五 名词的语法功能 1.作主语 The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。 His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。 2.作宾语 (1)作及物动词的直接宾语 I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。 Have you finished the letter to Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗? (2)作及物动词的间接宾语。 I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。 She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。 (3)作介词的宾语。 After 20 years’ traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。 Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向爸妈要钱吗? 3.作表语 It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。 She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。 4.作宾语的补足语 They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。(职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词) The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。 5.作定语 (1)直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。 college students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛 Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上,我们的书店停一下吧! He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。 (2)名词所有格作定语。 students’ books学生用书 China’s capital中国的首都 the world’s population世界人口 (3)man,woman,gentleman作定语 man,woman,gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式,但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。 He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。 There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。 (4)某些常用复数的名词用作定语 某些常用复数的名词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数形式。 arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车 savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department外语系 (5)单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。 Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部 (6)表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。 a peasant family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker习惯用所有格作定语) (7)两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。 women drivers女司机 the woman’s driver这位妇女的司机 girl friend女朋友 the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友 mother tongue母语 mother’s tongue母亲的舌头 (8)名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能,与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性 gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的,但不一定含金) 6.作状语 时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。 The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里 Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。 1.(2021年全国乙卷) Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ______(develop)of the local areas. 【答案】development 【解析】考查名词作宾语。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。 2.(2022年全国甲卷) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ______ (protect). 【答案】protection 【解析】考查词性转换及名词作宾语。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。 【易错提醒】 名词作定语注意以下几点: (1)直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。 college students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛 (2)man,woman,gentleman作定语 man,woman,gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式,但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。 He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。 (3)某些常用复数的名词用作定语 某些常用复数的名词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数形式。 arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车 1. (2026·湖北省武汉市九师联盟高三上学期8月开学)Members of the 2024 A Date with China tour watched the puppetry 60 (perform), Daming Prefecture, on May 19, featuring traditional stunts (特技) such as lion dancing and martial arts. 【答案】performance 【解析】考查名词。句意:5月19日,2024年A Date with China巡演的成员观看了木偶剧《大明府》,其中包括舞狮和武术等传统特技。这里需要一个名词作宾语,表示“表演”,指代木偶剧《大明府》,用单数形式即可。故填performance。 2.(2026·湖北省孝感高级中学高三上学期8月测试)The Inner Mongolia autonomous region, a vast territory in northern China, has recently gained global 36 (recognize) for its ecological restoration efforts, particularly in the Kubuqi Desert. 【答案】recognition 【解析】考查名词。句意:中国北方广袤的内蒙古自治区最近因其生态修复工作,尤其是在库布其沙漠的工作,获得了全球认可。根据空前的global可知,此处应填名词recognition,表“认可”,为不可数名词,符合语境。故填recognition。 数词 【命题规律】 考情分析:分析新高考有关数词的考向分布。 五年高考只有两次考查了数词: 题型 语法填空 高考考点 数词 全国甲卷 2023 six--sixth 新高考II卷 2021 seven--seventh 命题规律 考点要求 考题统计 考情分析 基数词 3年0考 【命题规律】 根据新高考五年的考情分析,基数词和序数词的相互转换是可能的考查要点,因此,总结归类数词相关的转换规律及具体数词表达法是备考的重点方向。 考查重点是序数词和分数的表达法,虽然数词考得较少,但仍然需要充分复习,几年没考是因为找不到与数词相关的文章,如果有合适的语篇考查数词的可能性还是有的。 序数词 3年2考 数词的常用表达法 3年0考 【备考策略】 熟练掌握基数词和序数词转换的基本规则。注意几个不规则词的转换。 【命题预测】 预测2026年高考对于数词的考查仍然会以基数词、序数词的转换和数词的特殊用法为主。 考点一、基数词和序数词的相互转换 1.一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。 2.十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。 3.两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。 此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。 one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth 考点二、与数词相关的表达法 1.分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。 2.表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。 3.当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。 4.“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。 考点三、易混易错数词考点 1.序数词前有时可用不定冠词a/an,此时不强调顺序。“a/an+序数词”相当于another,表示“又一个,再一个”。You'd better try a third time.你最好再试一次。 2.表示“许多,大量;一些”的词和短语 特征 词语 备注 只修饰可数名词 a few, quite a few, many, a good many,a large number of, dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thou-sands of, millions of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数 只修饰不可数名词 a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数 既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, plenty of 作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式根据名词来定 a large quantity of 作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式由后面的名词决定 large quantities of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数 考点四、考查倍数表达法 1.倍数+as+形容词(副词)原级+as...。My income is twice as much as yours.我的收入是你的2倍。 2.倍数+the size/length/width/depth/height of...。My house is twice the size of his.我的房子是他的两倍大。 3.倍数+that of。 The size of my house is twice that of his.我的房子是他的两倍大。 In this factory, the output of July is 4 times that of January.这个工厂七月份的产量是一月份的四倍。 4.倍数+比较级+than。 The output of cars in 2012 is 4 times greater than that of 2011.2012年小轿车产量是2011年的5倍。 1.(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the        (six) century, BC. 【答案】sixth  【解析】考查序数词。句意:寓言是许多早期文化的口头传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前六世纪。根据句意可知,这里指公元前六世纪,故填序数词sixth。 2.(2021·新高考II卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. 【答案】seventh 【解析】考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。 用序数词还是基数词一定要注意分清相关语境,有顺序的用序数词,无顺序的用基数词。但要注意隐含的语境,因为汉语和英语习惯的不同。例如:18岁生日eighteenth birthday;五年级fifth grade。 常用序数词的拼写规律及特殊数词的记忆 ①序数词多数是由“基数词+th”构成。如:six→sixth,seven→seventh等。 ②以y结尾的整十的数字,先将y改为i,再加­eth。如:fifty-→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth等。 ③21以上的非整十的数字,将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词,其他的位数仍用基数词。如: twenty-one →twenty­first, thirty­two →thirty-second, two hundred and ninety­eight →two hundred and ninety­eighth等。 ④少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。如: one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,twelve→twelfth 注:fourteenth(第十四),fortieth(第四十),ninth(第九),nineteenth(第十九),ninetieth(第九十) 1.(2025·河南省九师联盟高三联考)In 2013, nearly a ________ (three) of its population was still living under the absolute poverty line. 【答案】third 【解析】考查序数词。句意:于2013年,这个地区三分之一人口还仍然生活在绝对贫困线以下。此处考查分数的表达法。三分之一表达为:one third (a third) 。故填third。 2.(2025·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in council­run courses costing from £10 each time. 【答案】seventies 【解析】考查数词表达法。此处指在他们七十几岁的时候,表达为:in their seventies。故填seventies。 3.(2025·湖南省邵阳市武冈市统考)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ________ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year. 【答案】thirds  【解析】分数是由基数词(分子)和序数词(分母)构成。two thirds意为“三分之二”。故填thirds。 1.分数的表达法: 分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。 ►1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths 【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法: ►a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourths 四分之三 2.常考固定表达法 in one’s thirties在某人30多岁(区别:in the thirties在30年代) an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩 a 100-meter-long bridge一座100米长的桥 4. (江苏省南京市高三二模)Most Brits spend almost ________ (two) as much of their leisure time socializing with others as they do being alone. 【答案】twice 【解析】考查倍数表达法。句意:大多数英国人花在社交上的时间几乎是他们独处时间的两倍。此处是twice as……as句型,意为:……的2倍。故填twice。 (最新模拟试题演练) 1.(2026·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三上学期开学)He also added that when the two countries work together on the basis of 43 (equal) and respecting each other, they can achieve important results that help both sides and others. 【答案】equality 【解析】考查名词。句意:他还补充说,当两国在平等和相互尊重的基础上合作时,它们可以取得有助于双方和他人的重要成果。根据空前介词on和空后and respecting可知,空处需用名词equality与respecting并列作宾语,equality表示“平等”,不可数名词。故填equality。 2.(2026·浙江省Z20名校联盟(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟)高三上学期第一次联考)The Records of the Three Kingdoms by Western Jin Dynasty 60 (history) Chen Shou documented its military applications, describing ‌“vine armor” so effective that it could float across rivers, resist water, and stand against arrows. 【答案】historian 【解析】考查名词。句意:西晋历史学家陈寿所著的《三国志》记载了它的军事用途,描述了“藤甲”非常有效,可以浮过河流,防水,并能抵御箭矢。根据句意,此处指“历史学家”,应用名词historian作介词by的宾语,此处表示一位历史学家,用单数形式。故填historian。 3.(2026·湖北省腾云联盟高三上学期8月联考)The 63 (action) help to increase Wuhan’s flood resilience(适应能力) and effectively return the rivers, riverbanks and riverscape to the people, thus making the city 64 (livable), business-friendly and attractive for tourists. 【答案】actions 【解析】考查名词。句意:这些行动有助于提高武汉的防洪能力,有效地将河流、河岸和河景归还给人民,从而使城市更宜居、对商业友好、对游客有吸引力。空处在句中作主语,根据上文“196.4 hectares of existing green areas were restored, increasing biodiversity and carbon sinks. Furthermore, around 103,000 square meters of highly polluting buildings have been removed(据估计有196.4公顷的现有绿地得到了恢复,增加了生物多样性和碳汇。此外,约103,000平方米的高污染建筑已被拆除)”可知,此处指的是上文提到的许多行动,所以空白处应填名词复数形式,且根据谓语动词help未使用单数第三人称可知,主语应为复数形式。故填actions。 4.(2026·四川省广安市广安三区联考高三上学期8月月考)The Hongkou District Sports Festival, aiming to establish Shanghai’s Ruihong Tiandi as an integrated sports and 56 ( consume) centre, kicked off on July 5. 【答案】consumption 【解析】考查名词。句意:虹口区体育节于7月5日开幕,旨在将上海瑞虹天地打造为综合体育和消费中心。“consume”是动词,此处需要一个名词与 “sports”并列,共同修饰“centre”,“consumption”表示“消费”,名词作定语,强调类别、用途或属性。故填consumption。 5.(2026·湖北省荆州中学高三上学期8月月考)One of the simplest ways to reduce plastic use is by avoiding plastic straws(吸管). While they are used for just a brief moment, plastic straws take 36 (century) to break down. 【答案】centuries 【解析】考查名词。句意:虽然塑料吸管只使用很短的时间,但却需要几个世纪才能分解。可数名词century(世纪)作宾语,结合常识和句意,塑料需要几个世纪才能分解,用复数形式centuries。故填centuries。 6.(2026·广东省广州市高三上学期8月阶段训练)Covering more than 200 pages, this book is organized into five sections, reflecting the journey of US-China 40 (engage) since diplomatic (外交的) ties began in 1979. 【答案】engagement 【解析】考查名词。句意:这本书长达200多页,共分为五个部分,反映了自1979年中美建交以来两国交往的历程。此处作介词“of”的宾语用名词engagement,不可数。故填engagement。 7.(2026·湖南省高三阶段性检测(一)) 42 (local) call it “the perfect unity of heaven’s voice and the human soul”. 【答案】Locals 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:当地人称之为“天籁与人魂的完美融合”。此处作主语,local意为“当地人”,为可数名词,空前无限定词,所以应用复数形式locals表泛指意义,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Locals。 8.(2026·湖南省永州市第一中学高三上学期开学) The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 42 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 【答案】populations 【解析】考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知,空处和and后的复数名词homes并列,且在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population ,意为“种群”,且应用复数形式。故填populations。 9.(2026·山西省怀仁市第一中学校高三上学期摸底)You can find this rock in the Lesser Stone Forest. She is seen as a 40 (protect) of the Sani people. 【答案】protector 【解析】考查名词。句意:她被视为撒尼族人的保护者。作介词的宾语用名词protector,不定冠词提示用单数。故填protector。 10.(2026·山西忻州部分学校高三上学期8月阶段性测试)Perhaps the most ambitious type of carbon capture involves removing carbon dioxide (CO2) directly from the air, although there are just a few such 39 (facility) currently in operation worldwide. 【答案】facilities 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:或许最具雄心的碳捕获类型是直接从空气中去除二氧化碳,尽管目前全球仅少数此类设施在运行。facility为可数名词,根据a few可知,此处应用复数形式facilities。故填facilities。 11.(2026·四川省巴中市普通高中高三上学期9月零诊)Despite being a prestigious scholar, Lu Gusun never cared for material 44 (pursue) and personally felt no need for them. 【答案】pursuit 【解析】考查名词。句意:尽管是一位著名的学者,他却从不关心物质追求,个人也觉得不需要这些。本空作介词for的宾语,应用其名词形式pursuit。故填pursuit。 12.(2025·辽宁省沈阳市第二中学模拟)The (one) American Labor Day was celebrated in New York City on September 5th,1882, as thousands of workers and their families came to Union Square for a day in the park. 【答案】first 【解析】考查序数词。句意:第一个美国劳动节是在纽约市庆祝的。根据句意以及空格后American Labor Day可知,这里表示第一次庆祝,需要用序数词。故填first。 13.(2025·广东梅县东山中学高三月考)1.She is a remarkable athlete , known for her outstanding speed and skill, making her (two) only to the world champion in her sport. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】second 【解析】考查序数词。句意:她是一名杰出的运动员,以她出色的速度和技巧而闻名,使她在该运动中仅次于世界冠军。根据下文“only to the world champion”可知是第二名,所以应用序数词,故填second。 14.(2025·河南省九师联盟联考)In 2013, nearly a ________ (three) of its population was still living under the absolute poverty line. 【答案】third 【解析】考查序数词。句意:于2013年,这个地区三分之一人口还仍然生活在绝对贫困线以下。此处考查分数的表达法。三分之一表达为:one third (a third) 。故填third。 15.(2025·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in council­run courses costing from £10 each time. 【答案】seventies 【解析】考查数词表达法。此处指在他们七十几岁的时候,表达为:in their seventies。故填seventies。 16.(2025·河北省邯郸市统考)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ________ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year. 【答案】thirds  【解析】分数是由基数词(分子)和序数词(分母)构成。two thirds意为“三分之二”。故填thirds。 语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2026·河北省河北定州中学高三上学期开学) Chinese brocade (锦缎) is an art form that dates back over 1, 300 years. Over time, regional 1 (variety) developed across China. Today, cities like Nanjing and Chengdu are known for their brocade production and museums 2 high-quality brocade scarves and bags can be purchased. Creating Chinese brocade is a painstaking process. Using traditional looms (织布机) that can reach 18 feet in 3 (long) and contain thousands of parts, artisans employ dozens of steps 4 (bring) their visions to life. To help memorize these complex processes, they even sing songs while they work. The result of this creative effort is bright cloth 5 (decorate) with patterns woven (纺织) from silk, gold, and even birds’ feather. The level of skill is so high that even experienced workers produce mere two inches of this cloth in a day. “The brocade cannot be produced with modern machines. It can be woven only on the traditional loom,” says Feng Zhao, director of the China National Silk Museum in Hangzhou. “This feature appeals 6 older Chinese people, who appreciate brocade from their hearts 7 view it as a proud symbol of cultural heritage.” Nowadays, this complex cloth once reserved for the rich and powerful 8 (be) finding new life on fashion runways. Designer Chen Liwen last year 9 (launch) a range of scarves and accessories targeted at Z-Generation consumers that feature the hu bu tiger pattern. The ancient brocade, then, seems to be 10 (tight) woven into China’s future. 【答案】 1.varieties 2.where 3.length 4.to bring 5.decorated 6.to 7.and 8.is 9.launched 10.tightly 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国锦缎的历史、制作过程、文化意义以及在现代时尚中的应用。 1.考查名词。句意:随着时间的推移,中国各地形成了各具特色的地方品种。空处需填名词作主语,此处表示泛指,且没有冠词限定,需填名词复数形式。故填varieties。 2.考查定语从句。句意:如今,南京、成都等城市以其织锦生产而闻名,在这些城市的博物馆里,可以购买到高品质的织锦围巾和包包。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词museums,关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 3.考查名词。句意:艺人们使用长度可达18英尺、包含数千个部件的传统织布机,通过数十道工序,将他们的创意变为现实。空处需填名词length,作介词in的宾语。故填length。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处作目的状语,需用动词不定式。故填to bring。 5.考查非谓语动词。句意:这种创造性努力的结果是色彩斑斓的布料,上面装饰着用丝绸、金线甚至鸟羽编织而成的图案。空处需填非谓语动词作定语,cloth和decorate为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词形式。故填decorated。 6.考查介词。句意:这一特色吸引了中国老年人,他们由衷地欣赏织锦,并将其视为文化遗产的骄傲象征。固定搭配appeal to sb.意为“吸引某人”。故填to。 7.考查连词。句意同上。空处连接的是两个并列的谓语动词“appreciate”(欣赏)和“view”(视为),需用并列连词and。故填and。 8.考查动词时态。句意:如今,这种曾为权贵所专享的复杂织物,在时尚T台上正焕发着新的生机。陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语this complex cloth不可数,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。 9.考查动词时态。句意:设计师陈立文去年推出了一系列以虎补图案为特色的围巾和配饰,目标消费群体是Z世代。描述的是过去发生的事情,因此用一般过去时launched。故填launched。 10.考查副词。句意:如此看来,古老的织锦似乎正与中国的未来紧密相连。修饰动词woven,需用副词tightly,作状语。故填tightly。 语法填空(单句语法填空) 1.(2025全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 63 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air. 【答案】absence 【解析】考查名词。句意:我住的地方,晒干的衣服闻起来特别香,这要归功于没有烟雾,而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语,应用名词absence“缺乏,没有”,不可数名词。故填absence。 2.(2025浙江 1月卷)“I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】people’s 【解析】考查名词。句意:我真的希望能让这个(服装租赁模式)顺应如今人们的生活(方式)。根据句意可知,lives与people之间是所属关系,故应用名词所有格。 3. (2024·新高考I卷)The latest (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 【答案】engineering 【解析】考查名词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知,空处考查短语engineering techniques,意为“工程技术”,符合句意。故填engineering。 4.(2024·全国甲卷)They are (treasure)of American heritage(遗产). 【答案】treasures 【解析】考查名词。句意:它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”,为可数名词,结合前文they are,应用复数形式,故填treasures。 5.(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed(承诺)to promote the idea at the 48 (complete)of their journey. 【答案】completion 【解析】考查名词。句意:他们都同意了,并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词,本空应填名词作宾语,complete名词形式为completion,不可数,故填completion。 6.(2024·北京卷)Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time to rest allows us to develop a deeper sense of (self-aware). 【答案】self-awareness 【解析】考查名词。句意:花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词self-awareness,sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。 7.(2023年新高考II卷) They also need to be ready to give __________ (interview) in English with international journalists. 【答案】interviews 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好接受国际记者的英语采访。这里指他们要接受多次采访。故用interviews。 8.(2023·1月浙江卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ________ (event). 【答案】events 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知,空格处需要填名词,且event为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填events。 9.(2022年新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ______ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 【答案】populations 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知,空处和and后的复数名词homes并列,且在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population ,意为“种群”,且应用复数形式。故填populations。 10.(2022·全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ______ (protect). 【答案】 protection 【解析】考查词形转换。曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处用名词protection,作宾语。故填protection。 11.(2022·全国乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ______ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 【答案】responsibility 【解析】考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。 12.(2022年1月浙江卷)When the answer was no ,she declined the________(invite) . 【答案】invitation 【解析】考查名词。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语,故填invitation。 13.(2022年6月浙江卷)For Luc, this means (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it and to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” 【答案】independence 【解析】考查名词。句意:对卢克来说,这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。 故填independence。 14.(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ______(develop)of the local areas. 【答案】development 【解析】考查名词作宾语。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。 15.(2021·新高考II卷) A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【答案】representative 【解析】考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。 16.(2021·浙江卷) In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ______(marry)ceremony in 1842. 【答案】marriage 【解析】考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。 17.(2020·新课标II卷)Chinese New Year is a ____ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 【答案】celebration 【解析】考查名词作表语。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。 18. (2020年北京卷)Now, lots of (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them. 【答案】countries 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:现在,许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子,以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数,故填countries。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 17 / 32 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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考点01 名词与数词(高效培优精讲精练)(全国通用)2026年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列
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考点01 名词与数词(高效培优精讲精练)(全国通用)2026年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列
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考点01 名词与数词(高效培优精讲精练)(全国通用)2026年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列
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