内容正文:
人教版(2019)必修2 Unit 4 History and Traditions.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词或短语
音标
词性
意思
派生词
核心考点
经典例句
1
Confucius
/kənˈfjuːʃəs/
n.(专有名词)
孔子
N/A
N/A
Confucius is one of the most influential philosophers in Chinese history.(孔子是中国历史上最有影响力的哲学家之一。)
2
mansion
/ˈmænʃn/
n.
公馆;宅第
N/A
N/A
The old mansion has been turned into a museum.(这座古老的公馆已被改造成博物馆。)
3
cemetery
/ˈsemətri/
n.
墓地;公墓
N/A
N/A
People come to this cemetery to honor their ancestors on Tomb - Sweeping Day.(清明节人们来这座公墓祭拜祖先。)
4
philosophy
/fəˈlɒsəfi/
n.
哲学
philosopher(n.哲学家);philosophical(adj.哲学的)
N/A
He majors in philosophy at university.(他在大学里主修哲学。)
5
descendant
/dɪˈsendənt/
n.
后裔;后代;子孙
descend(v.遗传;下降)
N/A
She is a descendant of an ancient royal family.(她是一个古老皇室家族的后裔。)
6
individual
/ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/
adj. & n.
单独的;个别的;个人
individually(adv.单独地;个别地)
N/A
Each individual has his own unique ideas.(每个人都有自己独特的想法。)
7
heel
/hiːl/
n.
足跟;(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
N/A
N/A
She hurt her heel while running.(她跑步时伤到了脚后跟。)
8
Achilles heel
/əˈkɪliːz hiːl/
noun phrase
(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚踵;致命的弱点
N/A
N/A
Lack of patience is his Achilles heel.(缺乏耐心是他的致命弱点。)
9
kingdom
/ˈkɪŋdəm/
n.
王国;领域
king(n.国王);queen(n.女王)
N/A
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries.(英国由四个国家组成。)
10
chief
/tʃiːf/
adj. & n.
最重要的;最高级别的;(公司或机构的)首领;酋长
chiefly(adv.主要地;首先)
chief engineer(总工程师);chief of staff(参谋长)
He was appointed chief of the company last year.(他去年被任命为公司负责人。)
11
puzzle
/ˈpʌzl/
n. & vt.
谜;智力游戏;疑问;迷惑;使困惑
puzzling(adj.令人困惑的);puzzled(adj.感到困惑的)
puzzle over(苦苦思索);solve a puzzle(解谜题)
The math problem puzzled all the students.(这道数学题难住了所有学生。)
12
nearby
/ˌnɪəˈbaɪ/
adj. & adv.
附近的;邻近的;在附近
N/A
N/A
There is a supermarket nearby our school.(我们学校附近有一家超市。)/ We live nearby.(我们住在附近。)
13
join ... to ...
——
phrase
把……和……连接或联结起来
N/A
N/A
The bridge joins the two cities to each other.(这座桥把两个城市连接了起来。)
14
break away (from sb/sth)
/breɪk əˈweɪ (frəm)/
phrase
脱离;背叛;逃脱
N/A
N/A
The province broke away from the kingdom in the 18th century.(这个省在18世纪脱离了那个王国。)
15
belong
/bɪˈlɒŋ/
vi.
应在(某处);适应
belonging(n.所有物;归属)
belong to(属于,无被动语态)
This book belongs to my brother.(这本书是我哥哥的。)
16
belong to
/bɪˈlɒŋ tuː/
phrase
属于
N/A
N/A
The old temple belongs to the local government.(这座古寺属于当地政府。)
17
as well as
/æz wel æz/
phrase
同(一样也);和;还
N/A
连接并列成分时,谓语动词与前面主语保持一致
He as well as his parents likes hiking.(他和他的父母都喜欢徒步旅行。)
18
currency
/ˈkʌrənsi/
n.
通货;货币
current(adj.当前的;流通的)
N/A
The local currency in this country is very stable.(这个国家的当地货币非常稳定。)
19
military
/ˈmɪlətri/
adj.
军事的;军用的
soldier(n.士兵);army(n.军队)
military service(兵役);military base(军事基地)
He has served in military service for two years.(他已经服了两年兵役。)
20
defence
/dɪˈfens/
n.
防御;保卫
defend(v.防御;保卫);defensive(adj.防御性的)
in defence of(保卫……);national defence(国防)
They built a wall in defence of the city.(他们建了一堵墙来保卫这座城市。)
21
legal
/ˈliːɡl/
adj.
法律的;合法的
illegal(adj.非法的);legally(adv.合法地);legality(n.合法性)
legal rights(合法权利);legal advice(法律咨询)
It is legal to drive at 60 km/h on this road.(在这条路上以每小时60公里的速度行驶是合法的。)
22
surround
/səˈraʊnd/
vt.
围绕;包围
surrounding(adj.周围的;n.周围环境)
be surrounded by(被……包围)
The small village is surrounded by mountains.(这个小村庄被群山环绕。)
23
evidence
/ˈevɪdəns/
n.
证据;证明
evident(adj.明显的;显然的);evidently(adv.显然;明显地)
give evidence(作证;提供证据);strong evidence(有力证据)
The police found no evidence of his guilt.(警方没有找到他有罪的证据。)
24
location
/ləʊˈkeɪʃn/
n.
地方;地点;位置
locate(v.定位;位于);located(adj.位于……的)
N/A
The company is looking for a new location for its headquarters.(该公司正在为其总部寻找新地点。)
25
conquer
/ˈkɒŋkə(r)/
vt.
占领;征服;控制
conquest(n.征服;占领);conqueror(n.征服者)
N/A
The army conquered the city after a long battle.(经过长时间的战斗,军队占领了这座城市。)
26
battle
/ˈbætl/
n. & vi. & vt.
战役;搏斗;搏斗;奋斗
battlefield(n.战场)
battle against(与……搏斗;对抗……);battle for(为……而战)
They battled against the bad weather to finish the project.(他们与恶劣天气搏斗以完成项目。)
27
port
/pɔːt/
n.
港口(城市)
N/A
N/A
Shanghai is one of the busiest ports in the world.(上海是世界上最繁忙的港口之一。)
28
fascinating
/ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/
adj.
极有吸引力的;迷人的
fascinate(v.使着迷;吸引);fascination(n.着迷;吸引力)
N/A
The history of this ancient city is fascinating.(这座古城的历史非常迷人。)
29
keep your eyes open (for)
/kiːp jɔː(r) aɪz ˈəʊpən (fɔː(r))/
phrase
留心;留意
N/A
N/A
Keep your eyes open for any signs of danger while hiking.(徒步旅行时要留心任何危险迹象。)
30
charge
/tʃɑːdʒ/
n. & vt.
收费;指控;主管;收费;控告;充电
charged(adj.带电的;被指控的)
charge for(为……收费);in charge of(主管;负责);charge sb with(控告某人……)
The hotel charges 200 yuan a night.(这家酒店每晚收费200元。)/ He is in charge of the sales department.(他负责销售部门。)
31
announce
/əˈnaʊns/
vt.
宣布;通知;声称
announcement(n.宣布;通知);announcer(n.播音员;宣告者)
announce sth to sb(向某人宣布某事);announce that...(宣布……)
The government announced a new policy to protect the environment.(政府宣布了一项保护环境的新政策。)
32
amount
/əˈmaʊnt/
n.
金额;数量
N/A
a large amount of(大量的,后接不可数名词);the amount of(……的数量)
A large amount of money was spent on the project.(大量资金投入到这个项目中。)
33
gallery
/ˈɡæləri/
n.
(艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊
N/A
art gallery(艺术画廊)
We visited an art gallery and saw many famous paintings.(我们参观了一家艺术画廊,看到了许多著名的画作。)
34
approach
/əˈprəʊtʃ/
n. & vt. & vi.
方法;途径;接近;接近;接洽;着手处理;靠近
N/A
approach to(……的方法);approach sb about sth(就某事与某人接洽)
We need a new approach to solving this problem.(我们需要一种解决这个问题的新方法。)
35
ensure
/ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/
vt.
保证;确保;担保
sure(adj.确定的;肯定的);certain(adj.确定的)
ensure that...(确保……);ensure sb sth(确保某人得到某物)
We must ensure that all students get a good education.(我们必须确保所有学生都能得到良好的教育。)
36
landscape
/ˈlændskeɪp/
n.
(陆上,尤指乡村的)风景
N/A
N/A
The landscape in the countryside is very beautiful in spring.(春天乡村的风景非常美丽。)
37
generous
/ˈdʒenərəs/
adj.
慷慨的;大方的;丰富的
generosity(n.慷慨;大方);generously(adv.慷慨地;大方地)
be generous with(在……方面慷慨);be generous to sb(对某人慷慨)
He is always generous with his time when helping others.(他帮助别人时在时间上总是很慷慨。)
38
butter
/ˈbʌtə(r)/
n. & vt.
黄油;奶油;涂黄油于
N/A
N/A
She spread some butter on the bread.(她在面包上涂了一些黄油。)
39
honey
/ˈhʌni/
n.
蜂蜜
N/A
N/A
Honey is good for our health.(蜂蜜对我们的健康有益。)
40
ancestor
/ˈænsestə(r)/
n.
祖宗;祖先
ancestral(adj.祖先的;祖传的)
N/A
We should remember our ancestors’ hard work.(我们应该记住祖先的辛勤付出。)
41
position
/pəˈzɪʃn/
n. & vt.
位置;姿态;职位;安装;安置
N/A
in position(在适当位置);take position(就位;任职)
He applied for the position of manager in the company.(他申请了公司经理的职位。)
42
courtyard
/ˈkɔːtjɑːd/
n.
庭院;院子
N/A
N/A
There is a small garden in the courtyard of the house.(房子的庭院里有一个小花园。)
43
snack
/snæk/
n.
点心;小吃
N/A
N/A
She usually eats some snacks between meals.(她通常在两餐之间吃一些点心。)
44
eager
/ˈiːɡə(r)/
adj.
热切的;渴望的
eagerness(n.渴望;热切)
be eager to do sth(渴望做某事);be eager for sth(渴望某物)
She is eager to learn a second language.(她渴望学习第二门语言。)
45
poet
/ˈpəʊɪt/
n.
诗人
poem(n.诗;诗歌);poetic(adj.诗的;诗意的)
N/A
Li Bai is one of the greatest poets in Chinese history.(李白是中国历史上最伟大的诗人之一。)
46
county
/ˈkaʊnti/
n.
(英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县
N/A
N/A
He was born in a small town in this county.(他出生在这个县的一个小镇上。)
47
feast
/fiːst/
n.
盛宴;宴会;节日
N/A
feast on(尽情享用);a feast for the eyes(视觉盛宴)
The family held a feast to celebrate the Spring Festival.(这家人举办了一场盛宴庆祝春节。)
48
roll
/rəʊl/
vi. & vt. & n.
(使)翻滚;(使)滚动;卷(轴);翻滚
rolling(adj.滚动的;摇晃的)
roll down(滚下);roll up(卷起);a roll of(一卷……)
The ball rolled down the hill.(球滚下了山。)/ She bought a roll of paper towels.(她买了一卷纸巾。)
49
dot
/dɒt/
n. & vt.
点;小(圆)点;加点;遍布
dotted(adj.有点的;布满斑点的)
be dotted with(布满……)
The sky is dotted with stars at night.(夜晚的天空布满了星星。)
50
cattle
/ˈkætl/
n.
牛(单复数同形)
N/A
a herd of cattle(一群牛)
The farmer raises a large number of cattle on his farm.(这个农民在他的农场里养了很多牛。)
51
roar
/rɔː(r)/
vi. & n.
吼叫;咆哮
N/A
roar with anger/laughter(愤怒地咆哮/放声大笑)
The lion roared loudly in the forest.(狮子在森林里大声咆哮。)
52
ocean
/ˈəʊʃn/
n.
大海;海洋
N/A
the Pacific Ocean(太平洋);ocean waves(海浪)
The ship sailed across the Atlantic Ocean.(这艘船横渡了大西洋。)
53
scent
/sent/
n.
气味;气息
N/A
N/A
The scent of flowers filled the air in spring.(春天,空气中弥漫着花香。)
54
greet
/ɡriːt/
vt.
问候;迎接
greeting(n.问候;招呼);greeted(adj.受到欢迎的)
greet sb with(用……问候某人)
She greeted us with a smile.(她微笑着向我们打招呼。)
55
pub
/pʌb/
n.
酒吧;酒馆
N/A
N/A
People often go to the pub to relax after work.(人们下班后经常去酒吧放松。)
56
wine
/waɪn/
n.
葡萄酒;果酒
winery(n.酿酒厂);winemaker(n.酿酒师)
red wine(红酒);white wine(白酒)
He likes to drink a glass of red wine with dinner.(他喜欢晚餐时喝一杯红酒。)
57
beer
/bɪə(r)/
n.
(一杯)啤酒
N/A
a bottle of beer(一瓶啤酒);draft beer(生啤酒)
He ordered a bottle of beer at the bar.(他在酒吧点了一瓶啤酒。)
58
stew
/stjuː/
n. & vt. & vi.
炖菜(有肉和蔬菜);炖;煨
N/A
beef stew(炖牛肉);stew in one’s own juice(自作自受)
My mother made delicious chicken stew for dinner.(妈妈晚餐做了美味的炖鸡肉。)
59
custom
/ˈkʌstəm/
n.
风俗;习俗;习惯
customary(adj.习惯的;通常的);customs(n.海关)
local customs(当地风俗);follow the custom(遵循习俗)
It is a local custom to eat dumplings on New Year’s Eve.(除夕吃饺子是当地的一种风俗。)
60
sensory
/ˈsensəri/
adj.
感觉的;感官的
sense(n.感觉;感官;v.感觉到);sensible(adj.明智的;合理的);sensitive(adj.敏感的)
N/A
The sensory experience of tasting delicious food is wonderful.(品尝美味食物的感官体验非常美妙。)
61
striking
/ˈstraɪkɪŋ/
adj.
引人注目的;显著的
strike(v.打击;打动;n.罢工);struck(过去式/过去分词)
N/A
Her striking beauty attracted everyone’s attention.(她引人注目的美貌吸引了所有人的目光。)
62
transition
/trænˈzɪʃn; -ˈsɪʃn/
n. & vi. & vt.
过渡;变迁
transitional(adj.过渡的;变迁的)
transition from...to...(从……过渡到……)
The country is in a transition from a planned economy to a market economy.(这个国家正处于从计划经济向市场经济的过渡阶段。)
63
achievement
/əˈtʃiːvmənt/
n.
成就;成绩;达到
achieve(v.实现;达到);achievable(adj.可实现的)
make achievements(取得成就);a great achievement(一项伟大的成就)
His greatest achievement is finishing this difficult project.(他最大的成就是完成了这个困难的项目。)
64
crowd
/kraʊd/
n. & vt.
人群;一群人;民众;挤满;使……拥挤
crowded(adj.拥挤的)
a crowd of(一群……);be crowded with(挤满……)
A large crowd of people gathered in the square.(一大群人聚集在广场上。)
65
Wales
/weɪlz/
n.(地名)
威尔士(英国)
N/A
N/A
Wales is famous for its beautiful mountains and castles.(威尔士以其美丽的山脉和城堡而闻名。)
66
Scotland
/ˈskɒtlənd/
n.(地名)
苏格兰(英国)
Scottish(adj.苏格兰的;n.苏格兰人)
N/A
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland.(爱丁堡是苏格兰的首府。)
67
Northern Ireland
/ˌnɔːðən ˈaɪələnd/
n.(地名)
北爱尔兰(英国)
N/A
N/A
Northern Ireland is located in the northeastern part of the island of Ireland.(北爱尔兰位于爱尔兰岛的东北部。)
68
Anglo - Saxon
/ˌæŋɡləʊ ˈsæksn/
n. & adj.
盎格鲁—撒克逊人;盎格鲁—撒克逊人的
N/A
N/A
The Anglo - Saxons had a great influence on English culture.(盎格鲁—撒克逊人对英国文化产生了巨大影响。)
69
Viking
/ˈvaɪkɪŋ/
n.
维京人;北欧海盗
N/A
N/A
The Vikings once invaded many parts of Europe.(维京人曾经入侵过欧洲的许多地区。)
70
the Normans
/ˈnɔːmənz/
n.(复数)
诺曼人
Norman(adj.诺曼人的;n.诺曼人)
N/A
The Normans conquered England in 1066.(诺曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。)
71
Battle of Hastings
/ˈheɪstɪŋz/
noun phrase(历史事件)
黑斯廷斯战役
N/A
N/A
The Battle of Hastings changed the course of English history.(黑斯廷斯战役改变了英国历史的进程。)
72
Roman
/ˈrəʊmən/
adj. & n.
古罗马的;罗马的;古罗马人;罗马市民
Rome(n.罗马,意大利首都)
N/A
Roman architecture had a profound impact on Western architecture.(古罗马建筑对西方建筑产生了深远影响。)
73
Van Gogh
/ˌvæn ˈɡɒɡ/
n.(专有名词,人名)
梵高(荷兰画家)
N/A
N/A
Van Gogh’s "Starry Night" is one of the most famous paintings in the world.(梵高的《星夜》是世界上最著名的画作之一。)
74
the Emerald Isle
/ˈemərəld aɪl/
noun phrase(地名别称)
绿宝石岛(爱尔兰的别称)
N/A
N/A
The Emerald Isle gets its name from its green countryside.(绿宝石岛因其绿色的乡村而得名。)
75
Irish
/ˈaɪrɪʃ/
adj. & n.
爱尔兰的;爱尔兰人(或语)的;爱尔兰语
Ireland(n.爱尔兰,国家名)
N/A
Irish music is very popular around the world.(爱尔兰音乐在全世界都很受欢迎。)
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