Unit 1 Friendship 讲义 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

牛津译林版八年级上册 Unit 1 Friendship 讲义 一、核心词汇精讲 英文单词 词性 中文释义 例句与用法 重要搭配与扩展 honest adj. 诚实的 Tom is an honest boy; he never tells lies. (汤姆是个诚实的孩子,从不说谎。) 反义词: dishonest (不诚实的); 副词: honestly (诚实地); 短语: to be honest (老实说) secret n. 秘密 Can you keep a secret? I don't want others to know. (你能保守秘密吗?我不想让别人知道。) 短语: keep a secret (保密);tell secrets (泄密) care v. 关心,在意 A good friend cares about your feelings. (好朋友会在乎你的感受。) 短语: care about (关心);care for (照顾); 形容词: caring (关心人的);careful (仔细的);careless (粗心的) trust v. & n. 信任;信赖 I trust my best friend completely. (我完全信任我最好的朋友。) 形容词: trustworthy (值得信赖的); 同义词: believe in (信任) humorous adj. 幽默的 His humorous jokes always make us laugh. (他幽默的笑话总让我们发笑。) 名词: humour/humor (幽默); 短语: sense of humour (幽默感) joke n. & v. 笑话;开玩笑 She told a funny joke. (她讲了一个有趣的笑话。) Don't joke about that. (别拿那件事开玩笑。) 短语: tell a joke (讲笑话); play a joke on sb. (捉弄某人) teenager n. (13-19岁的)青少年 Many teenagers like to spend time with their friends. (许多青少年喜欢和朋友在一起。) 相关: teenage (青少年的); polite adj. 有礼貌的 It's polite to say "thank you". (说“谢谢”是有礼貌的。) 反义词: impolite/rude (不礼貌的/粗鲁的);副词: politely (有礼貌地) ready adj. 乐意的;准备好的 She is always ready to help others. (她总是乐于助人。) 短语: be ready to do sth. (乐意做某事); be ready for (为…做好准备) share v. 分享 A good friend is willing to share. (好朋友乐于分享。) 短语: share sth. with sb. (与某人分享某物) sense n. 感觉;意识 He has a good sense of direction. (他方向感很好。) 短语: sense of humour (幽默感); common sense (常识) energetic adj. 精力充沛的 The energetic boy enjoys sports. (这个精力充沛的男孩喜欢运动。) 名词: energy (精力) cheerful adj. 快乐的,开朗的 Her cheerful smile makes everyone happy. (她欢快的笑容让每个人都高兴。) 动词: cheer (使振奋); 短语: cheer up (使振奋起来) encourage v. 鼓励 My friends often encourage me to try new things. (朋友们常鼓励我尝试新事物。) 短语:encourage sb. to do sth. 二、重点语法解析 1. 形容词比较级和最高级 (Comparative and Superlative of Adjectives) 本单元我们接触了大量描述朋友性格品质的形容词(如 tall, interesting, helpful)。当我们需要对人或事物的性质进行比较时,就要用到形容词的比较级和最高级。 1.1 构成规则 规则 原级 比较级 最高级 例句 一般加 -er, -est tall taller tallest Max is the tallest boy in our class. 以 e 结尾,加 -r, -st nice nicer nicest She is nicer than me. 辅音+y结尾,变 y 为 i, 加 -er, -est happy happier happiest A good friend makes you happier. 重读闭音节结尾,双写尾字母加 -er, -est big bigger biggest His feet are bigger than mine. 部分双音节及多音节词,前加 more, most helpful more helpful most helpful Betty is more helpful than others. 不规则变化 good/well better best Who is your best friend? bad/ill worse worst That was the worst day ever. many/much more most I need more time to finish. little less least This is the least interesting book. 1.2 常用句型 A + be + 比较级 + than + B: 表示"A比B更..." 例:I am taller than my sister. (我比我妹妹高。) A + be + the + 最高级 + of/in...: 表示"A是...中最..." 例:He is the tallest in our class. (他是我们班最高的。) 例:She is one of the most helpful students. (她是最乐于助人的学生之一。) 2. 动词不定式作宾语和宾语补足语 (Infinitive as Object and Object Complement) 动词不定式(to do)在句中扮演着重要角色,它可以放在某些动词后面作宾语,也可以用于“动词+宾语+to do”结构中作宾语补足语。 2.1 不定式作宾语 常用动词:want, like, hope, plan, choose, learn, decide 等。 例:She wants to be a singer when she grows up. (她长大后想成为一名歌手。) 例:I plan to travel around the world. (我计划环游世界。) 2.2 不定式作宾语补足语 常用动词:want, ask, tell, encourage, wish, would like 等。 例:He always encourages me to keep trying. (他总是鼓励我继续尝试。) 例:My teacher asked us to finish the homework on time. (老师要求我们按时完成作业。) 语法运用练习 This computer is _ (expensive) than that one, but it's _ (good). The story is _ (interesting) one I have ever read. My mother wants me _ (drink) more milk every day. We are planning _ (visit) the museum next week. 他是所有选手中跑得最快的。 He is _ _ _ of all the players. 三、综合巩固练习 一、词汇应用 (Vocabulary Application) A. 用所给单词的适当形式填空: It's important to be _ (honesty) with your friends. She has a great sense of _ (humorous). She always makes us laugh. My best friend is _ (help). She always helps me with problems. I _ (true) believe that friendship is important. He told a _ (fun) story and everyone laughed. B. 根据首字母或中文提示填空: A good friend should be t_. You can believe what they say. She is a c_ person. She is always happy and smiling. Good friends often _ (分享) joys and sorrows. Parents always _ (鼓励) me to do my best. We should be p_ to everyone. 二、语法选择 (Grammar Choice) This book is _ than that one. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting Who is _ student in your class? A. tall B. taller C. the tallest My mother wants me _ milk every day. A. to drink B. drink C. drinking We are planning _ to the park tomorrow. A. to go B. go C. going He is one of _ boys in the school. A. popular B. more popular C. the most popular 三、书面表达 (Writing) 以"My Best Friend"为题,写一篇短文(90词左右),介绍你最好的朋友。 内容包括: 他/她的外貌和性格特点。 他/她身上让你欣赏的品质(如乐于助人、诚实、幽默等),并举例说明。 你为什么认为他/她是你的好朋友。 综合练习参考答案 一、词汇应用 A. 1. honest 2. humour 3. helpful 4. truly 5. funny B. 1. trustworthy 2. cheerful 3. share 4. encourage 5. polite 二、语法选择 B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C 三、书面表达 (示例) My Best Friend My best friend is Lily. She is a tall girl with glasses. She is very kind and helpful. For example, when I was sick, she helped me with my homework and explained the lessons I missed. She is also honest. I can always trust her and tell her my secrets. She has a good sense of humour and often tells jokes to make me laugh. I think a good friend is someone who cares about you and supports you and Lily is exactly that kind of person. I'm happy to have her as my best friend. ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$