精品解析：北京市中国人民大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期8月自主复习检测练习英语试题

人大附中2026届高三8月自主复习检测练习 英语 说明：本试卷共8页，共100分；考试时间90分钟；请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将条形码贴在答题卡的相应位置上。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Arriving in the U.K. for university, I was eager to join political science debates. In my first tutorial, I presented ideas on global inequality, but my stumbling speech and thick accent left others ___1___ — no one understood my points. I felt invisible, my voice lost in a haze of mispronunciations and awkward pauses. This experience slowly weakened my confidence. I stopped speaking in class, convinced that my “broken English” was ___2___ of attention. Then, a quote by Chimamanda Adichie ___3___ me: staying silent allowed others to “define my story”. I promised ___4___ my voice — not by masking my accent, but by mastering clarity. I carefully recorded each practice speech, adjusting tone and pace until my meaning ___5___ and sought feedback to prioritize structure over perfection. ___6___, small signs of progress emerged: a classmate leaning in with a nod, and a tutor scribbling “excellent point” beside my name. The turning point came during a debate on refugee (难民) policies. Hands trembling, I started to share my living experience in Lagos. The room fell ___7___. When I finished, the tutor said, “That’s the ___8___ we’ve been missing”. For the first time, my words felt not like barriers, but bridges connecting diverse minds. This journey taught me to own my narrative ___9___. My accent is a part of my ___10___, not a flaw to erase. Language, I’ve realized, requires the courage to share truth. In a world hungry for different voices, believing in the value of our own voices is the boldest act. 1. A. unfavorable B. unbelievable C. unsupportive D. unresponsive 2. A. incapable B. unaware C. unworthy D. free 3. A. struck B. confused C. pleased D. shocked 4. A. reclaim B. lift C. gain D. silence 5. A. cut in B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through 6. A. Randomly B. Gradually C. Punctually D. Regularly 7. A. dark B. empty C. silent D. still 8. A. lesson B. wisdom C. chance D. perspective 9. A. cautiously B. bravely C. skeptically D. attentively 10. A. identity B. personality C. advantage D. dignity 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者赴英读大学后，因英语不佳在课堂沉默，受名言启发练习提升表达，难民政策辩论中分享经历获认可，明白口音是身份部分，应勇敢表达自我。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的第一次辅导课上，我提出了关于全球不平等的观点，但我的结结巴巴的演讲和浓重的口音让其他人毫无反应——没有人理解我的观点。A. unfavorable不利的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. unsupportive不支持的；D. unresponsive无反应的。根据后文“no one understood my points”可知，没有人理解作者的观点，所以此处指其他人对作者的观点毫无反应。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不再在课堂上说话了，因为我确信我的“蹩脚英语”不值得关注。A. incapable无能力的；B. unaware未意识到的；C. unworthy不值得的；D. free自由的。根据前文“I stopped speaking in class”可知，作者在课堂上不再说话了，所以此处指他确信自己的“蹩脚英语”不值得关注。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后，奇曼达·阿迪奇的一句话深深触动了我：“保持沉默就等于让别人来‘定义我的故事’。”A. struck打击；B. confused使困惑；C. pleased取悦；D. shocked使震惊。根据后文“I promised ___4___ my voice — not by masking my accent, but by mastering clarity.”可知，Adichie 的名言给了作者触动和启发。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发誓要重新找回自己的声音——不是通过掩饰我的口音，而是通过掌握清晰度。A. reclaim收回，重新获得；B. lift举起；C. gain获得；D. silence使沉默。根据后文“not by masking my accent, but by mastering clarity”可知，作者要通过掌握清晰度来重新找回自己的声音。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我仔细地记录每一次练习演讲，调整语气和速度，直到我的意思表达清楚，并寻求反馈，把结构放在首位，而不是追求完美。A. cut in插嘴；B. cut off切断；C. cut up切碎；D. cut through穿透，表达清楚。根据前文“no one understood my points”以及“adjusting tone and pace”可知，作者调整语气和速度是为了让意思表达清楚，从而让别人明白。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，一些微小的进步迹象显现出来：一位同学微微侧身点头示意，还有那位导师在我的名字旁写下“精彩观点”。A. Randomly随机地；B. Gradually逐渐地；C. Punctually准时地；D. Regularly定期地。根据后文“a classmate leaning in with a nod, and a tutor scribbling “excellent point” beside my name”可知，后文“同学点头、导师标注‘好观点’”是“小的进步迹象”，结合前文作者持续练习可知，进步是逐步出现的。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：房间里顿时安静了下来。A. dark黑暗的；B. empty空的；C. silent沉默的；D. still静止的。根据上文可知，作者分享在拉各斯的生活经历（与难民政策相关的真实体验），结合后文导师肯定作者的发言可知，此时房间应是安静的，大家专注倾听。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我说完后，导师说：“这就是我们一直缺失的观点”。A. lesson课程；B. wisdom智慧；C. chance机会；D. perspective观点。根据前文“share my living experience in Lagos”可知，作者分享了在拉各斯的生活经历，所以此处指导师说这是他们一直缺失的观点。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这次经历让我学会了勇敢地讲述自己的故事。A. cautiously谨慎地；B. bravely勇敢地；C. skeptically怀疑地；D. attentively注意地。根据前文“For the first time, my words felt not like barriers, but bridges connecting diverse minds.(这是我第一次觉得自己的话语不再是一种阻碍，而是一道道桥梁，将各种不同的思想连接在一起)”可知，作者从沉默到勇敢发言，再到获得认可，可知这段经历教会作者勇敢地掌控自己的叙事。B项“bravely”（勇敢地）呼应“从自卑到自信” 的转变；故选B。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的口音是我的一部分特质，而非需要消除的缺陷。A. identity身份；B. personality个性；C. advantage优点；D. dignity尊严。口音是作者身份的一部分（来自非英语国家的背景），而非需要消除的缺陷。A项“identity”（身份）符合“口音与个人背景关联” 的语境。故选A。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Longji Rice Terraces stand as a stunning testament to the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature. They ___11___ (build) by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces took hundreds of years. The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves ___12___ the mountains and into the terraces. These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects ___13___ can harm the rice crops. Today the Longji Rice terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together. 【答案】11. were built 12. down 13. that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了广西龙脊梯田的建造者、历史及生态作用。 【11题详解】 考查动词语态和时态。句意：它们是由当地的壮族和瑶族人民建造的，广西是他们的家园。此处为谓语动词，梯田的建造是过去发生的事情，且主语They（指代The Longji Rice Terraces）与build为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，所以谓语动词为were built。故填were built。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：在雨季，雨水正是沿着这些水道从山上流下，进入梯田。结合常识，雨水从山上“向下”流，用介词down，意为“向下、沿着”。故填down。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了完美的生存环境，其中一些鸟类和鱼类以会损害水稻作物的昆虫为食。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为insects，指物，在从句中作主语，该定语从句修饰的先行词所在的句子主句为“some of which”，所以此处只能用关系代词that。故填that。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One day, a man found the pupa of a butterfly. ___14___ (see) an opening in the pupa, he realized that the butterfly was ready to emerge. So he sat down and watched as the butterfly struggled to force its body through the little hole. However, minutes passed and the butterfly still couldn’t get out. The struggle was too hard for its weak body. The man then kindly ___15___ (enlarge) the hole in the pupa so that the butterfly could finally break free. ___16___ instead of flying away, it just dragged itself around weakly, then died. The struggle to break out of the pupa was necessary for the butterfly’s ___17___ (survive) because it enabled its wings and body to grow strong. Without the struggle, it was too weak to live. 【答案】14. Seeing 15. enlarged 16. But 17. survival 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇寓言故事。主要介绍的是蝴蝶破茧过程中挣扎的必要性及其对生命成长的重要意义。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看到蛹壳上出现了一个开口，他意识到蝴蝶即将破茧而出。此处see与he构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Seeing。 【15题详解】 考查时态。句意：随后，这个男人小心翼翼地扩大了蛹上的洞口，以便蝴蝶最终能够挣脱出来。发生在过去用一般过去时。故填enlarged。 【16题详解】 考查连词。句意：但它并没有飞走，而是虚弱地拖着身体四处乱转，最终死去。前文提到男人好心扩大洞口帮蝴蝶脱困，后文讲蝴蝶反而虚弱死去，前后为转折关系，且空后无逗号，用but，首字母大写。故填But。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：蝴蝶破茧而出的过程对于其生存来说是必不可少的，因为这一过程能让其翅膀和身体变得强壮。根据空前有名词所有格“the butterfly’s”，需用名词形式survival。故填survival。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For today’s increasingly interconnected food supply chains, “efficient” is what it’s supposed to be: Each country specializes in what it’s best at and puts it on the global market. ___18___ (produce) and processors within countries specialize, too, as a way ___19___ (minimize) costs. As a result, at least in theory, prices stay low, the world gets fed and everyone wins. However, the coronavirus crisis demonstrates ___20___ is wrong with this approach. When barriers prevent food from reaching its markets, or demand suddenly drops, the system falls apart. 【答案】18. Producers 19. to minimize 20. what 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出当前互联食品供应链追求高效，各国及内部参与者分工以降低成本，但新冠疫情暴露此模式缺陷，即遇阻碍或需求下降时系统易崩溃。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：各国的生产商和加工企业也会进行专业化分工，以此来降低生产成本。此处与空后的 “processors”（加工商）为并列关系，均指供应链中的参与者，需用produce的名词形式producer，且表示泛指，故填复数。故填Producers。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：各国的生产商和加工企业也会进行专业化分工，以此来降低生产成本。名词way后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to minimize。 【20题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：然而，此次新冠病毒危机揭示了这种做法存在的问题。引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物。故填what。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Where to Eat in Bangkok Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure. Nahm Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. Issaya Siamese Club Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods. Bo.lan Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu. Gaggan Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues (场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best. 21. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common? A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London. C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels. 22. Which restaurant offers a large set menu? A. Gaggan. B. Bo. lan. C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm. 23. What is special about Gaggan? A. It hires staff from India. B. It puts on a play every day. C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D. It shows the cooking process to guests. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题Nahm下的段落中“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. (主厨大卫·汤普森(David Thompson)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店)”以及小标题Issays Stamese Club下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is intematoionally know Thai chef lan Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. (Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师lan Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题Bo. tan下的段落中“For those extremely hungry there’s a large set menu. (对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo. tan提供大型套餐。故选B项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题Gaggan下的段落中“The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. (在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选D项。 【点睛】 B It was bad enough having an invalid brother. However, one afternoon as I watched him, my head poked between the iron posts of the foot of the bed, he looked straight at me and grinned. I skipped through the rooms, shouting, “Mama, he smiled. He’s all there!”. As long as he lay all the time in bed, we called him William Armstrong, even though it was formal and sounded as if we were referring to one of our ancestors. But with his creeping around on the deerskin rug and beginning to talk, something had to be done about his name. It was I who renamed him. When he crawled, he crawled backwards, as if he were in reverse and couldn’t change gears. If you called him, he’d turn around as if he were going in the other direction, then he’d back right up to you to be picked up. Crawling backward made him look like a doodlebug, so I began to call him Doodle. Renaming my brother was perhaps the kindest thing I ever did for him, because nobody expects much of someone called Doodle. Although Doodle learned to crawl, he showed no signs of walking, but he wasn’t idle. He talked so much that we all quit listening to what he said. It was about this time that Daddy built him a go-cart and I had to pull him around. The moment I picked up my cap, he started crying to go with me and Mama would call from wherever she was, “Take Doodle with you”. He was a burden in many ways. The doctor had said that he mustn’t get too excited, too hot, too cold, or too tired and that he must always be treated gently — a long list of don’ts went with him. His skin was very sensitive, and he had to wear a big straw hat whenever he went out. When the going got rough and he had to climb to the sides of the go-cart, the hat slipped all the way down over his ears. He was a sight. Suddenly, I could see I was licked. Doodle was my brother and he was going to cling to me forever, no matter what I did. I dragged him across the burning cotton field to share with him the only beauty I knew, Old Woman Swamp. His eyes were round with wonder as he gazed, and his little hands began to stroke the rubber grass. Then he began to cry. “For heaven’s sake what’s the matter?” I asked, annoyed. “It’s so pretty,” he said. “So pretty, pretty, pretty.” 24. The narrator renamed their brother “Doodle” because ________. A. his name sounds too much like that of an ancestor’s B. he was always lost and couldn’t change gears C. his movement resembled a doodlebug D. he liked to play with doodlebugs 25. By “I could see I was licked （Paragraph 3）”, the narrator implied that ________. A. He was aware that he was licked by B. He was embarrassed by Doodle’s clumsiness C. He felt defeated by Doodle’s constant demands D. He realized Doodle would always be a part of his life 26. What can you infer from the passage about the narrator’s feelings towards Doodle? A. He was indifferent to what Doodle was doing B. He resented Doodle for the attention he received C. He felt a mix of annoyance and affection for Doodle D. He felt proud of Doodle’s progress and achievements. 【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者有个身体不便的弟弟，为其改名“Doodle”，并通过日常相处的小事，展现两人间复杂的情感联结。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When he crawled, he crawled backwards, as if he were in reverse and couldn’t change gears. If you called him, he’d turn around as if he were going in the other direction, then he’d back right up to you to be picked up. Crawling backward made him look like a doodlebug, so I began to call him Doodle.(他爬行时是倒着爬的，仿佛处于倒退状态，无法换挡。你叫他时，他会转过身来，像是要往相反方向走，然后径直退到你面前让你抱。倒着爬让他看起来像一只蚁狮，所以我开始叫他Doodle)”可知， 作者给弟弟改名“Doodle”是因为弟弟倒着爬的动作像蚁狮。故选C项。 【25题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Doodle was my brother and he was going to cling to me forever, no matter what I did.(Doodle是我的弟弟，无论我做什么，他都会永远依赖我)”可知，前文的“I could see I was licked”是指作者意识到弟弟会永远成为自己生活的一部分，无论自己如何，都无法摆脱这份联结。故选D项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He was a burden in many ways. The doctor had said that he mustn’t get too excited, too hot, too cold, or too tired and that he must always be treated gently — a long list of don’ts went with him. His skin was very sensitive, and he had to wear a big straw hat whenever he went out. When the going got rough and he had to climb to the sides of the go-cart, the hat slipped all the way down over his ears. He was a sight. (从很多方面来看，他都是个“负担”。医生曾叮嘱，他绝不能太激动、不能太热、不能太冷，也不能太劳累，而且旁人对他必须始终温和——关于他的禁忌清单一长串。他的皮肤格外敏感，每次出门都得戴一顶大大的草帽。遇上路况不好，他得抓着儿童手推车的侧边往上爬时，那顶帽子就会一路滑下来，把他的耳朵都盖住。他那模样，着实滑稽)”和“Doodle was my brother and he was going to cling to me forever, no matter what I did. I dragged him across the burning cotton field to share with him the only beauty I knew, Old Woman Swamp.(Doodle是我的弟弟，无论我做什么，他都会一直黏着我。我拖着他穿过灼热的棉花田，想带他看看我所知道的唯一一处美景 —— 老妇沼泽)”以及第二段中的“Renaming my brother was perhaps the kindest thing I ever did for him, because nobody expects much of someone called Doodle.(给弟弟改名或许是我为他做过的最善良的事，因为没人会对一个叫Doodle 的人抱有过高期望)”可知，作者既觉得弟弟是负担、对其有些不耐烦（如觉得他滑稽、拖拽他），又会主动带弟弟感受美好、为他着想，体现出对弟弟混杂着厌烦与喜爱的情感。故选C项。 C Universities have boomed in recent decades. In theory, universities should be an excellent source of productivity growth. In practice, however, the great expansion of higher education has coincided with a productivity slowdown. A new paper by Ashish Arora and his colleagues, suggests that universities’ rapid growth and the rich world’s stagnant productivity could be two sides of the same coin. The new paper makes a subtle but devastating suggestion: that when it came to delivering productivity gains, the old, big-business model of science worked better than the new, university-led one. Broadly, they find that scientific breakthroughs from public institutions “elicit little or no response from established corporations” over a number of years. A researcher in a university lab might publish brilliant papers after brilliant paper, pushing the front of a discipline. Often, however, this has no impact on corporations’ own publications, their patents or the number of scientists that they employ. And this, in turn, points to a small impact on economy-wide productivity. Why do companies struggle to use ideas produced by universities? The loss of the corporate lab is one part of the answer. Such institutions were home to a lively mixture of thinkers and doers. In the 1940s Bell Labs had the interdisciplinary team of chemists, metallurgists and physicists necessary to solve the overlapping theoretical and practical problems associated with developing the transistor. That cross-cutting expertise is now largely gone. Another part of the answer concerns universities. Free from the demands of corporate overloads, research focuses more on satisfying geeks’ curiosity or boosting citation counts than on finding breakthroughs that will change the world or make money. In moderation, research for research’s sake is no bad thing; some breakthrough technologies, such as penicillin, were discovered almost by accident. But if everyone is arguing over how many angels dance on the head of a pin, the economy suffers. When higher-education institutions do produce work that is more relevant to the real world, the consequences are troubling. As universities produce more fresh PhD graduates, companies seem to find it easier to invent new stuff. Yet universities’ patents have an offsetting effect, provoking corporations to produce fewer patents themselves. It is possible that existing businesses, worried about competition from university spinoffs, cut back on research and development (R&D) in that field. Although no one knows for sure how these opposing effects balance out, the authors point to a net decline in corporate patenting of about 1.5% a year. The vast fiscal resources devoted to public science, in other words, probably make businesses across the rich world less innovative. Perhaps, with time, universities and the corporate sector will work together more profitably. And corporate researchers, rather than universities, are driving the current generative AI innovation boom: in a few cases, the corporate lab has already risen from the ashes. At some point, though, governments will need to ask themselves hard questions. In a world of weak economic growth, generous public support for universities may come to seem an unjustifiable luxury. 27. According to the text, Arora and his colleagues find that ________. A universities have long been an important source of productivity growth B. universities’ scientific outputs don’t really impact established corporations C. university-led model of science is delivering fewer scientific breakthroughs D. big businesses are slow to absorb innovative ideas produced by universities 28. Bell Labs are mentioned in the text to ________. A. honor their key contributions to scientific development B. highlight a successful corporate-university partnership C. indicate the essential components of successful corporate labs D. mourn the bygone days of multidisciplinary corporate research 29. What does the word “offsetting” probably mean? A. weakening B. boosting C. stabilizing D. disrupting 30. Which of the following statements will the author most likely agree with? A Universities should expand their collaboration with corporations. B. Universities should play a bigger role in developing generative AI. C. The government should put in effort to revive corporate labs. D. The government should reduce public support for universities. 【答案】27. B 28. D 29. A 30. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出近几十年大学扩张却遇生产力放缓，研究显示大学主导科研模式对企业影响小、难促经济生产力，分析原因并提及校企合作或有改善可能，还提到政府需反思对大学的支持。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Often, however, this has no impact on corporations’ own publications, their patents or the number of scientists that they employ.(然而，通常情况下，这并不会对企业的自身出版物、其专利以及所雇用的科研人员数量产生任何影响)”可知，阿罗拉及其团队发现，大学的科研成果实际上并不会对已有的企业产生实质性影响。故选B。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。结合第三段全段，再根据第三段中“The loss of the corporate lab is one part of the answer. Such institutions were home to a lively mixture of thinkers and doers. In the 1940s Bell Labs had the interdisciplinary team of chemists, metallurgists and physicist s necessary to solve the overlapping theoretical and practical problems associated with developing the transistor. That cross-cutting expertise is now largely gone. (企业实验室的消失是原因之一。这类机构曾是思想家与实干家的活跃聚集地。20世纪40年代，贝尔实验室拥有由化学家、冶金学家和物理学家组成的跨学科团队 —— 正是开发晶体管所需的、能解决理论与实践交叉问题的核心力量。而如今，这种跨领域专业能力已基本消失)”可知，文中先提出观点：企业难以利用大学成果的原因之一是“企业实验室的消失”；再举案例佐证：贝尔实验室是“消失的优秀企业实验室”的典型代表 —— 它凭借跨学科团队（思想家 + 实干家）成功解决了晶体管开发中的复杂问题，证明了企业实验室在 “科研成果落地” 中的关键作用；最后对比现状：明确指出贝尔实验室拥有的“跨领域专业能力如今已基本消失”，通过“过去的成功”与“当下的缺失” 形成强烈对比，暗含对“企业实验室黄金时代已逝”的惋惜。故选D。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“provoking corporations to produce fewer patents themselves(导致企业自身专利减少)”可知，前文则说“大学培养更多博士让企业更容易创新（本应促进企业专利增加）”，前后形成 “促进”与“减少”的对立，故“offsetting”意为“抵消、削弱”，与A项“weakening”（削弱）同义。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhaps, with time, universities and the corporate sector will work together more profitably.(或许，随着时间的推移，大学和企业界能够更有效地开展合作)”可推知，作者支持校企合作，大学应当加强与企业的合作最能反映作者的观点。故选A。 D The industrial revolution was one of the most important events in human history. Over a handful of decades, technological breakthroughs kicked economic output off its centuries-long low plateau and sent populations, living standards and life expectancy soaring. Yet for all its vital importance, there is still disagreement over why all this took off. One of the most compelling arguments comes from US economic historian Robert Allen, who argues that Britain’s successes in commerce in the 16th and 17th centuries pushed wages up and energy costs down, creating strong incentives to substitute energy and capital for labor and to mechanize manufacturing processes. Others place greater emphasis on the role of UK institutions, while some argue that innovative ideas emerged as a result of increasing interactions among growing and densifying populations. Another interesting theory is that of economic historian Joel Mokyr, who argues that it was broader cultural change that laid the groundwork for the industrial revolution. Prominent British thinkers including Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton championed a progress-oriented view of the world, centered on the idea that science and experimentation were key to increasing human wellbeing. While persuasive, Mokyr’s theory has until recently been only that: a theory. But a fascinating paper published last month puts some evidence behind the argument. The researchers analyzed the contents of 173,031 books printed in England between 1500 and 1900, tracking how the frequency of different terms changed over time. They found a marked increase in the use of terms related to progress and innovation starting in the early 17th century. Extending the same analysis to the present, a striking picture emerges: over the past 60 years the west has begun to shift away from the culture of progress, and towards one of caution, worry and risk-aversion, with economic growth slowing over the same period. The frequency of terms related to progress, improvement and the future has dropped by about 25 percent since the 1960s, while those related to threats, risks and worries have become several times more common. That simultaneous rise in language associated with caution could well be not a coincidence but an equal and opposite force acting against growth and progress. Ruxandra Teslo, one of a growing community of progress-focused writers at the Nexus of science, economics and policy, argues that the growing skepticism around technology and the rise in zero-sum thinking in modern society is one of the defining ideological challenges of our time. Some may counter that a rebalancing of priorities from perpetual advancement to caution is a good thing, but this could be a catastrophic mistake. As well as economic growth, the drive for progress brought us modern medicine, significantly longer and healthier lives, plentiful food supplies, dramatic reductions in poverty, and ever more and ever cheaper renewable energy. The challenges facing the modern world will be solved by more focus on progress, not less. If we are to avoid backsliding, advocates for innovation, growth and abundance must defeat the doomers. 31. What is suggested about the industrial revolution from the first two paragraphs? A. Its cause is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate. B. Its progress triggered Britain’s institutional reforms. C. Its success is mainly due to British economic policies. D. Its innovations increased interactions among populations 32. Which of the following is true of Mokyr’s theory? A. It owes the industrial revolution to commercial success. B. Its persuasiveness is supported by abundant evidence. C It stresses the role of cultural change in promoting progress. D. Its focus is on the impact of science upon cultural change. 33. Ruxandra Teslo argues that modern society is ________. A. increasingly focused on technological advances B. prioritizing economic growth over science C. struggling with technological skepticism D. being shaped by multiple ideologies 34. What might be the best title for this article? A. The Industrial Revolution: Key Inventions and Economic Impact B. Progress Culture: Its Role in History and Risks of Decline Today C. Debating Technological Skepticism: Pros and Cons of Caution D. How Economic Growth Slows: Analyzing 60 Years of Data 【答案】31. A 32. C 33. C 34. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨工业革命的成因及相关理论，还分析当下西方社会“进步文化”衰退现象，并强调重视进步对解决现代挑战的重要性。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Yet for all its vital importance, there is still disagreement over why all this took off.(然而，尽管它至关重要，人们对这一切为何会发生仍存在分歧。)”以及第二段中的“One of the most compelling arguments comes from US economic historian Robert Allen, who argues that Britain’s successes in commerce in the 16th and 17th centuries pushed wages up and energy costs down, creating strong incentives to substitute energy and capital for labor and to mechanize manufacturing processes. Others place greater emphasis on the role of UK institutions, while some argue that innovative ideas emerged as a result of increasing interactions among growing and densifying populations.(最有说服力的观点之一来自美国经济历史学家罗伯特·艾伦，他认为英国在16和17世纪的商业成功推高了工资，降低了能源成本，从而产生了用能源和资本替代劳动力以及实现制造流程机械化的强烈动机。另一些人则更强调英国制度的作用，而有些人则认为，创新思想是在不断增长和密集的人口之间互动增加的结果。)”可知，对于工业革命的起因，不同学者有不同观点，说明其成因仍是学术界持续争论的话题。故选A项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Another interesting theory is that of economic historian Joel Mokyr, who argues that it was broader cultural change that laid the groundwork for the industrial revolution.(另一个有趣的理论来自经济历史学家乔尔·莫基尔，他认为是更广泛的文化变革为工业革命奠定了基础。)”可知，莫基尔的理论强调了文化变革在推动工业革命（进步）中的作用。故选C项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Ruxandra Teslo, one of a growing community of progress-focused writers at the Nexus of science, economics and policy, argues that the growing skepticism around technology and the rise in zero-sum thinking in modern society is one of the defining ideological challenges of our time.(鲁克桑德拉·特斯洛是科学、经济和政策交汇领域中日益壮大的关注进步的作家群体之一，她认为，现代社会中对技术日益增长的怀疑态度以及零和思维的兴起，是我们这个时代标志性的意识形态挑战之一。)”可知，鲁克桑德拉·特斯洛认为现代社会正受技术怀疑主义的困扰。故选C项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段引出工业革命及其成因争议，第二、三段介绍不同学者对工业革命成因的理论（尤其莫基尔强调的文化变革），第四段用研究证据支持莫基尔理论中“进步文化”的作用，第五至七段转而分析当下西方“进步文化”衰退、谨慎文化兴起的现象及危害，并强调重视进步的重要性。因此“进步文化：其在历史中的作用及如今衰退的风险”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Improve Your Handwriting With most of today’s written communication typed out, you may not see much of a reason to improve your handwriting. But from time to time, you still need to fill out paper forms — and that’s exactly when you’ll realize your script looks not great. ___35___ You can start by giving yourself a fighting chance: sit down at a stable, spacious table or desk where you can write at your leisure. ___36___ If you’re a leftie, stay away from broad-nibbed fountain pens that might dispense a lot of ink with each stroke — you’ll likely end up with smudged words all over your page as your hand crosses your freshly written letters. Gel pens and ballpoint pens are usually quick-drying, so starting with those is a good idea. Righties have fewer restrictions, as most writing tools work well for them. Once you have your tools and setup, it’s time to write. ___37___ It can be anything: a story, your train of thought, or a transcription of a song you like. When you write, do it at a normal pace and pay attention to how you hold the pen. If your nails turn white from the force you’re exerting, your grip is too strong — relax your hand and try again. This is important because an excessively strong grip will lead to pain and discomfort, which can result in hand and wrist cramping, or even injury. On top of that, pain will affect the consistency of your handwriting and eventually deter you from putting pen to paper at all, rendering this whole process useless. ___38___ Pay attention to spacing, the slant of your letters, their height, their form, and their position relative to the guidelines you’re using. The most important elements to focus on are consistency and legibility, so go through your lines and highlight which words and letters differ most from the rest, and which could be misread. You know repetition is key to learning, and only through writing — again and again — will your body get used to the changes you want to make to your personal script. ___39___ You can do this by taking up a hobby like journaling or meditative writing. This will give you the opportunity to sit down for a few minutes each day and put your growing skills to good use. A. Then get a pen you like. B. Next, find a paper layout angle that suits your writing. C. Start by filling half to a whole page with fresh handwriting. D. The good news is, it’s never too late to get better at handwriting. E. When you’re done writing your practice page, take a look and analyze it. F. You can also write down your own train of thought if you can keep up with it. G. A helpful way to practice is to make these exercises part of your everyday life. 【答案】35. D 36. A 37. C 38. E 39. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出虽当下多为电子书写，但仍需改善手写，介绍了改善手写的方法：选合适桌椅与笔、正常速度书写并注意握笔、写完分析、将练习融入日常以提升字迹。 【35题详解】 根据上文“With most of today’s written communication typed out, you may not see much of a reason to improve your handwriting. But from time to time, you still need to fill out paper forms — and that’s exactly when you’ll realize your script looks not great.(如今的大部分书面交流都是通过键盘输入完成的，所以你可能觉得没有必要再去改进自己的书写了。但时不时地，你还是会需要填写纸质表格——而正是在这种时候，你才会意识到自己的字迹实在不怎么样)”可知，前文指出“仍需填写纸质表格，此时会发现字迹不佳”，后文开始介绍改善字迹的方法。本句承上启下，既回应“字迹差”的问题，又引出下文的解决方案，故D选项“好消息是，任何时候开始提高书写水平都不算晚”符合语境，故选D。 【36题详解】 根据后文“If you’re a leftie, stay away from broad-nibbed fountain pens that might dispense a lot of ink with each stroke — you’ll likely end up with smudged words all over your page as your hand crosses your freshly written letters. Gel pens and ballpoint pens are usually quick-drying, so starting with those is a good idea. Righties have fewer restrictions, as most writing tools work well for them.(如果你是左撇子，就别用那种笔尖宽大的钢笔了，因为它们每次书写都会喷出大量的墨水，这样一来，你的手在书写完字母后又横过页面，很可能会把字迹弄得一团糟。而凝胶笔和圆珠笔通常干得快，所以先用它们开始书写是个不错的选择。右撇子则没有那么多限制，因为大多数书写工具对他们来说都很适用)”可知，后文围绕“左撇子应避免宽笔尖钢笔，建议用凝胶笔或圆珠笔；右撇子对工具限制少”展开，核心是“选择合适的笔”。故A选项“然后挑选一支你喜欢的笔”符合语境，故选A。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Once you have your tools and setup, it’s time to write.(一旦你准备好工具并完成了设置，接下来就是开始书写了)”以及后文“It can be anything: a story, your train of thought, or a transcription of a song you like.(它可以是任何东西：一个故事、你的思考过程，或者是你喜欢的一首歌的歌词记录)”可知，前文提到 “准备好工具和书写环境后，就该开始写了”，后文说明 “内容可以是故事、思路等”，本句承接“开始写”的动作，具体说明“写什么量”，再由后文补充“写什么内容”，故C选项“首先，用新的字迹写满半页到整页”符合语境，故选C。 【38题详解】 根据后文“Pay attention to spacing, the slant of your letters, their height, their form, and their position relative to the guidelines you’re using. The most important elements to focus on are consistency and legibility, so go through your lines and highlight which words and letters differ most from the rest, and which could be misread.(要注意间距、字母的倾斜度、高度、形状以及它们相对于所使用的基准线的位置。需要重点关注的最重要元素是一致性与可读性，所以请仔细检查每一行内容，找出与其余部分差异最大的单词和字母，以及哪些部分可能容易被误读)”可知，后文强调“关注间距、字母倾斜度、高度等，重点是一致性和可读性，标记差异大或易读错的部分”，核心是“写完后的分析”。故E选项“当你完成练习页的书写后，看一看并分析一下”符合语境，故选E。 【39题详解】 根据上文“You know repetition is key to learning, and only through writing — again and again — will your body get used to the changes you want to make to your personal script.(你知道，反复练习是学习的关键，只有通过不断地书写——一遍又一遍地书写——你的身体才会适应你想要对个人字迹做出的改变)”以及后文“You can do this by taking up a hobby like journaling or meditative writing. This will give you the opportunity to sit down for a few minutes each day and put your growing skills to good use.(你可以通过培养一些爱好来实现这一点，比如写日记或者进行冥想式写作。这样你每天就能抽出几分钟的时间，将自己不断进步的技能发挥出来)”可知，前文指出“重复练习是关键，身体需适应字迹变化”，后文提到“通过写日记、冥想写作等爱好，每天花几分钟练习”。本句承接“重复练习”，并引出后文“融入日常的具体方式”，故G选项“一种有效的练习方法是将这些练习融入你的日常生活之中”符合语境，故选G。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When Dr. Henderson was assigning project mates for his psychology class, I secretly hoped he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have fun with. Above all, I prayed he wouldn’t assign me to work with that fiercely competitive, overly serious fellow who always wore dark clothes — his personality seemed to match his attire. But fate had other plans: Dr. Henderson deliberately paired everyone up and announced I’d be working with the very person I’d wanted to avoid. I approached my new teammate to introduce myself, but he looked at me as if I weren’t even there. I felt he saw me as dead weight, someone who might keep him from getting an A. He wasn’t mean, just distant — like he’d fare better tackling the project alone. Needless to say, I dreaded an entire term of being brushed off. But I bit my tongue, trying to make the best of it, afraid of making things worse. The project required developing a hypothesis, designing an experiment, conducting statistical analysis, and presenting findings — with both teammates sharing the final grade. When we met to discuss plans, I felt uneasy. Here was this intense student, known for single - minded focus and top grades — the polar opposite of me. I even thought about dropping the class but held back, not wanting him to see me chicken out. I resolved to stick it out. After lengthy discussions, we settled on studying teenagers’ psychological well-being. I wasn’t sure what that entailed, but at least we had a topic. We met regularly to plan, but I hesitated to share ideas, fearing I’d hold him back. I just nodded when he asked if things were okay this way or that, figuring persuading him was impossible. I started counting the minutes until we could leave — and he seemed to do the same. I just wanted presentation day to come sooner. Then I heard he’d been admitted to the hospital with a serious illness. I felt terrible and knew I had to visit. He looked surprised when I walked into his ward with flowers and fruit. I offered to finish the project, and to my shock, he asked me to share my ideas to improve it. We finally worked as a real team, finishing on time. Our hard work paid off — Dr. Henderson was thrilled with our findings. Through it all, we learned the true value of teamwork. As they say, one person can go fast, but together we can go far. 40. Whom did I expect to work with on the project? ________________________________________________________________ 41. What did Dr. Henderson’s assignment involve? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. When he asked if things were okay this way or that, I just nodded because his ideas were rather persuasive. ________________________________________________________________ 43. What would you do if you were teamed up with someone you don’t like for a project? （In about 40 words） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. My best friend or a classmate I could have fun with. 41. Developing a hypothesis, designing an experiment, conducting statistical analysis, and presenting findings. 42. When he asked if things were okay this way or that, I just nodded because his ideas were rather persuasive. According to the text, the author just nodded not because the teammate’s ideas were persuasive, but because he hesitated to share his own ideas (fearing he’d hold the teammate back) and thought persuading the teammate was impossible. 43. I would prioritize the project goal, communicate respectfully, and divide tasks clearly. Even if personalities clash, focusing on shared responsibilities helps achieve success. Teamwork requires patience and professionalism. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者原本不愿在心理学课项目中与严肃好胜的同学组队，起初相处不安且不敢表达想法。后同学住院，作者主动帮忙，两人最终协作完成项目，还领悟到团队合作的真正价值。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“When Dr. Henderson was assigning project mates for his psychology class, I secretly hoped he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have fun with.(当亨德森博士为他的心理学课安排小组成员时，我暗自希望他能把我和我最好的朋友安排在一起，或者至少让我和一个能和我一起玩乐的同学搭档)”可知，作者原本期望与最好的朋友，或者是能一起玩乐的同学一起在这个项目中合作。故答案为My best friend or a classmate I could have fun with. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“The project required developing a hypothesis, designing an experiment, conducting statistical analysis, and presenting findings — with both teammates sharing the final grade.(该项目要求先提出假设，设计实验，进行统计分析，并展示研究结果——最终的成绩由团队成员共同评定)”可知，亨德森博士的任务包括提出假设、设计实验、进行统计分析以及展示结果。故答案为Developing a hypothesis, designing an experiment, conducting statistical analysis, and presenting findings. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“We met regularly to plan, but I hesitated to share ideas, fearing I’d hold him back. I just nodded when he asked if things were okay this way or that, figuring persuading him was impossible.(我们定期会面来商讨计划，但我却一直不敢分享自己的想法，担心会妨碍到他。每当他询问事情是否这样或那样进行得顺利时，我都会只是点点头，心想说服他根本是不可能的)”可知，根据文中的描述，作者只是点头，并非是因为队友的观点具有说服力，而是因为他自己也犹豫是否要分享自己的想法（担心会阻碍队友的进展），并且认为说服队友是不可能的。故答案为When he asked if things were okay this way or that, I just nodded because his ideas were rather persuasive. According to the text, the author just nodded not because the teammate’s ideas were persuasive, but because he hesitated to share his own ideas (fearing he’d hold the teammate back) and thought persuading the teammate was impossible. 【43题详解】 考查开放题。根据“如果在一项项目中你被安排与一个你不喜欢的人合作，你会怎么做？”可回答：我会优先考虑项目目标，以尊重的态度进行沟通，并明确划分任务。即便性格不合，只要专注于共同的责任，就能取得成功。团队合作需要耐心和专业精神。故答案为I would prioritize the project goal, communicate respectfully, and divide tasks clearly. Even if personalities clash, focusing on shared responsibilities helps achieve success. Teamwork requires patience and professionalism. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是高三学生李华，你的国际好友Jim来信询问你的暑假生活。请你用英文给他回信，内容包括： 1.简要介绍你的暑假； 2.分享你暑假做的一件有意义的事。 注意： 1词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear from you! My summer vacation was both relaxing and meaningful. After months of intense study, I finally had time to recharge. One of the most meaningful things during the summer vacation was volunteering at a local community center. I helped teach English to younger kids and organized fun learning activities. It was challenging at first, but seeing their progress and smiles made it all worthwhile. I also improved my communication skills and gained a deeper sense of responsibility. Besides volunteering, I spent time reading, exercising, and catching up with family. It was a balanced and fulfilling break. Looking forward to hearing about your summer too! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以高三学生李华的身份给国际好友Jim回信，介绍自己的暑假生活，内容包括简要说明暑假整体情况以及分享一件暑假中做的有意义的事。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 高兴的：glad→delighted 值得的：worthwhile→rewarding 提高：improve→enhance 责任：responsibility→duty 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：One of the most meaningful things during the summer vacation was volunteering at a local community center. 拓展句：One of the most meaningful things during the summer vacation was volunteering at a local community center, which brought me a lot of joy. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It was challenging at first, but seeing their progress and smiles made it all worthwhile.（运用了动名词短语作主语） 【高分句型2】Besides volunteering, I spent time reading, exercising, and catching up with family.（运用了动名词短语作宾语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 人大附中2026届高三8月自主复习检测练习 英语 说明：本试卷共8页，共100分；考试时间90分钟；请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将条形码贴在答题卡的相应位置上。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Arriving in the U.K. for university, I was eager to join political science debates. In my first tutorial, I presented ideas on global inequality, but my stumbling speech and thick accent left others ___1___ — no one understood my points. I felt invisible, my voice lost in a haze of mispronunciations and awkward pauses. This experience slowly weakened my confidence. I stopped speaking in class, convinced that my “broken English” was ___2___ of attention. Then, a quote by Chimamanda Adichie ___3___ me: staying silent allowed others to “define my story”. I promised ___4___ my voice — not by masking my accent, but by mastering clarity. I carefully recorded each practice speech, adjusting tone and pace until my meaning ___5___ and sought feedback to prioritize structure over perfection. ___6___, small signs of progress emerged: a classmate leaning in with a nod, and a tutor scribbling “excellent point” beside my name. The turning point came during a debate on refugee (难民) policies. Hands trembling, I started to share my living experience in Lagos. The room fell ___7___. When I finished, the tutor said, “That’s the ___8___ we’ve been missing”. For the first time, my words felt not like barriers, but bridges connecting diverse minds. This journey taught me to own my narrative ___9___. My accent is a part of my ___10___, not a flaw to erase. Language, I’ve realized, requires the courage to share truth. In a world hungry for different voices, believing in the value of our own voices is the boldest act. 1. A. unfavorable B. unbelievable C. unsupportive D. unresponsive 2. A. incapable B. unaware C. unworthy D. free 3. A. struck B. confused C. pleased D. shocked 4. A. reclaim B. lift C. gain D. silence 5. A. cut in B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through 6. A. Randomly B. Gradually C. Punctually D. Regularly 7. A. dark B. empty C. silent D. still 8. A. lesson B. wisdom C. chance D. perspective 9. A. cautiously B. bravely C. skeptically D. attentively 10. A. identity B. personality C. advantage D. dignity 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Longji Rice Terraces stand as a stunning testament to the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature. They ___11___ (build) by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces took hundreds of years. The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves ___12___ the mountains and into the terraces. These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects ___13___ can harm the rice crops. Today the Longji Rice terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One day, a man found the pupa of a butterfly. ___14___ (see) an opening in the pupa, he realized that the butterfly was ready to emerge. So he sat down and watched as the butterfly struggled to force its body through the little hole. However, minutes passed and the butterfly still couldn’t get out. The struggle was too hard for its weak body. The man then kindly ___15___ (enlarge) the hole in the pupa so that the butterfly could finally break free. ___16___ instead of flying away, it just dragged itself around weakly, then died. The struggle to break out of the pupa was necessary for the butterfly’s ___17___ (survive) because it enabled its wings and body to grow strong. Without the struggle, it was too weak to live. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For today’s increasingly interconnected food supply chains “efficient” is what it’s supposed to be: Each country specializes in what it’s best at and puts it on the global market. ___18___ (produce) and processors within countries specialize, too, as a way ___19___ (minimize) costs. As a result, at least in theory, prices stay low, the world gets fed and everyone wins. However, the coronavirus crisis demonstrates ___20___ is wrong with this approach. When barriers prevent food from reaching its markets, or demand suddenly drops, the system falls apart. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Where to Eat in Bangkok Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure. Nahm Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. Issaya Siamese Club Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods. Bo.lan Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu. Gaggan Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues (场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best. 21. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common? A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London. C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels. 22. Which restaurant offers a large set menu? A. Gaggan. B. Bo. lan. C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm. 23. What is special about Gaggan? A. It hires staff from India. B. It puts on a play every day. C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D. It shows the cooking process to guests. B It was bad enough having an invalid brother. However, one afternoon as I watched him, my head poked between the iron posts of the foot of the bed, he looked straight at me and grinned. I skipped through the rooms, shouting, “Mama, he smiled. He’s all there!”. As long as he lay all the time in bed, we called him William Armstrong, even though it was formal and sounded as if we were referring to one of our ancestors. But with his creeping around on the deerskin rug and beginning to talk, something had to be done about his name. It was I who renamed him. When he crawled, he crawled backwards, as if he were in reverse and couldn’t change gears. If you called him, he’d turn around as if he were going in the other direction, then he’d back right up to you to be picked up. Crawling backward made him look like a doodlebug, so I began to call him Doodle. Renaming my brother was perhaps the kindest thing I ever did for him, because nobody expects much of someone called Doodle. Although Doodle learned to crawl, he showed no signs of walking, but he wasn’t idle. He talked so much that we all quit listening to what he said. It was about this time that Daddy built him a go-cart and I had to pull him around. The moment I picked up my cap, he started crying to go with me and Mama would call from wherever she was, “Take Doodle with you”. He was a burden in many ways. The doctor had said that he mustn’t get too excited, too hot, too cold, or too tired and that he must always be treated gently — a long list of don’ts went with him. His skin was very sensitive, and he had to wear a big straw hat whenever he went out. When the going got rough and he had to climb to the sides of the go-cart, the hat slipped all the way down over his ears. He was a sight. Suddenly, I could see I was licked. Doodle was my brother and he was going to cling to me forever, no matter what I did. I dragged him across the burning cotton field to share with him the only beauty I knew, Old Woman Swamp. His eyes were round with wonder as he gazed, and his little hands began to stroke the rubber grass. Then he began to cry. “For heaven’s sake, what’s the matter?” I asked, annoyed. “It’s so pretty,” he said. “So pretty, pretty, pretty.” 24. The narrator renamed their brother “Doodle” because ________. A. his name sounds too much like that of an ancestor’s B. he was always lost and couldn’t change gears C. his movement resembled a doodlebug D. he liked to play with doodlebugs 25. By “I could see I was licked （Paragraph 3）”, the narrator implied that ________. A. He was aware that he was licked by B. He was embarrassed by Doodle’s clumsiness C. He felt defeated by Doodle’s constant demands D. He realized Doodle would always be a part of his life 26. What can you infer from the passage about the narrator’s feelings towards Doodle? A He was indifferent to what Doodle was doing B. He resented Doodle for the attention he received C. He felt a mix of annoyance and affection for Doodle D. He felt proud of Doodle’s progress and achievements. C Universities have boomed in recent decades. In theory, universities should be an excellent source of productivity growth. In practice, however, the great expansion of higher education has coincided with a productivity slowdown. A new paper by Ashish Arora and his colleagues, suggests that universities’ rapid growth and the rich world’s stagnant productivity could be two sides of the same coin. The new paper makes a subtle but devastating suggestion: that when it came to delivering productivity gains, the old, big-business model of science worked better than the new, university-led one. Broadly, they find that scientific breakthroughs from public institutions “elicit little or no response from established corporations” over a number of years. A researcher in a university lab might publish brilliant papers after brilliant paper, pushing the front of a discipline. Often, however, this has no impact on corporations’ own publications, their patents or the number of scientists that they employ. And this, in turn, points to a small impact on economy-wide productivity. Why do companies struggle to use ideas produced by universities? The loss of the corporate lab is one part of the answer. Such institutions were home to a lively mixture of thinkers and doers. In the 1940s Bell Labs had the interdisciplinary team of chemists, metallurgists and physicists necessary to solve the overlapping theoretical and practical problems associated with developing the transistor. That cross-cutting expertise is now largely gone. Another part of the answer concerns universities. Free from the demands of corporate overloads, research focuses more on satisfying geeks’ curiosity or boosting citation counts than on finding breakthroughs that will change the world or make money. In moderation, research for research’s sake is no bad thing; some breakthrough technologies, such as penicillin, were discovered almost by accident. But if everyone is arguing over how many angels dance on the head of a pin, the economy suffers. When higher-education institutions do produce work that is more relevant to the real world, the consequences are troubling. As universities produce more fresh PhD graduates, companies seem to find it easier to invent new stuff. Yet universities’ patents have an offsetting effect, provoking corporations to produce fewer patents themselves. It is possible that existing businesses, worried about competition from university spinoffs, cut back on research and development (R&D) in that field. Although no one knows for sure how these opposing effects balance out, the authors point to a net decline in corporate patenting of about 1.5% a year. The vast fiscal resources devoted to public science, in other words, probably make businesses across the rich world less innovative. Perhaps, with time, universities and the corporate sector will work together more profitably. And corporate researchers, rather than universities, are driving the current generative AI innovation boom: in a few cases, the corporate lab has already risen from the ashes. At some point, though, governments will need to ask themselves hard questions. In a world of weak economic growth, generous public support for universities may come to seem an unjustifiable luxury. 27. According to the text, Arora and his colleagues find that ________. A. universities have long been an important source of productivity growth B. universities’ scientific outputs don’t really impact established corporations C. university-led model of science is delivering fewer scientific breakthroughs D. big businesses are slow to absorb innovative ideas produced by universities 28. Bell Labs are mentioned in the text to ________. A. honor their key contributions to scientific development B. highlight a successful corporate-university partnership C. indicate the essential components of successful corporate labs D. mourn the bygone days of multidisciplinary corporate research 29. What does the word “offsetting” probably mean? A. weakening B. boosting C. stabilizing D. disrupting 30. Which of the following statements will the author most likely agree with? A. Universities should expand their collaboration with corporations. B. Universities should play a bigger role in developing generative AI. C. The government should put in effort to revive corporate labs. D. The government should reduce public support for universities. D The industrial revolution was one of the most important events in human history. Over a handful of decades, technological breakthroughs kicked economic output off its centuries-long low plateau and sent populations, living standards and life expectancy soaring. Yet for all its vital importance, there is still disagreement over why all this took off. One of the most compelling arguments comes from US economic historian Robert Allen, who argues that Britain’s successes in commerce in the 16th and 17th centuries pushed wages up and energy costs down, creating strong incentives to substitute energy and capital for labor and to mechanize manufacturing processes. Others place greater emphasis on the role of UK institutions, while some argue that innovative ideas emerged as a result of increasing interactions among growing and densifying populations. Another interesting theory is that of economic historian Joel Mokyr, who argues that it was broader cultural change that laid the groundwork for the industrial revolution. Prominent British thinkers including Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton championed a progress-oriented view of the world, centered on the idea that science and experimentation were key to increasing human wellbeing. While persuasive, Mokyr’s theory has until recently been only that: a theory. But a fascinating paper published last month puts some evidence behind the argument. The researchers analyzed the contents of 173,031 books printed in England between 1500 and 1900, tracking how the frequency of different terms changed over time. They found a marked increase in the use of terms related to progress and innovation starting in the early 17th century. Extending the same analysis to the present, a striking picture emerges: over the past 60 years the west has begun to shift away from the culture of progress, and towards one of caution, worry and risk-aversion, with economic growth slowing over the same period. The frequency of terms related to progress, improvement and the future has dropped by about 25 percent since the 1960s, while those related to threats, risks and worries have become several times more common. That simultaneous rise in language associated with caution could well be not a coincidence but an equal and opposite force acting against growth and progress. Ruxandra Teslo, one of a growing community of progress-focused writers at the Nexus of science, economics and policy, argues that the growing skepticism around technology and the rise in zero-sum thinking in modern society is one of the defining ideological challenges of our time. Some may counter that a rebalancing of priorities from perpetual advancement to caution is a good thing, but this could be a catastrophic mistake. As well as economic growth, the drive for progress brought us modern medicine, significantly longer and healthier lives, plentiful food supplies, dramatic reductions in poverty, and ever more and ever cheaper renewable energy. The challenges facing the modern world will be solved by more focus on progress, not less. If we are to avoid backsliding, advocates for innovation, growth and abundance must defeat the doomers. 31. What is suggested about the industrial revolution from the first two paragraphs? A Its cause is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate. B. Its progress triggered Britain’s institutional reforms. C. Its success is mainly due to British economic policies. D. Its innovations increased interactions among populations 32. Which of the following is true of Mokyr’s theory? A. It owes the industrial revolution to commercial success. B. Its persuasiveness is supported by abundant evidence. C. It stresses the role of cultural change in promoting progress. D. Its focus is on the impact of science upon cultural change. 33. Ruxandra Teslo argues that modern society is ________. A. increasingly focused on technological advances B. prioritizing economic growth over science C. struggling with technological skepticism D. being shaped by multiple ideologies 34. What might be the best title for this article? A. The Industrial Revolution: Key Inventions and Economic Impact B. Progress Culture: Its Role in History and Risks of Decline Today C. Debating Technological Skepticism: Pros and Cons of Caution D. How Economic Growth Slows: Analyzing 60 Years of Data 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Improve Your Handwriting With most of today’s written communication typed out, you may not see much of a reason to improve your handwriting. But from time to time, you still need to fill out paper forms — and that’s exactly when you’ll realize your script looks not great. ___35___ You can start by giving yourself a fighting chance: sit down at a stable, spacious table or desk where you can write at your leisure. ___36___ If you’re a leftie, stay away from broad-nibbed fountain pens that might dispense a lot of ink with each stroke — you’ll likely end up with smudged words all over your page as your hand crosses your freshly written letters. Gel pens and ballpoint pens are usually quick-drying, so starting with those is a good idea. Righties have fewer restrictions, as most writing tools work well for them. Once you have your tools and setup, it’s time to write. ___37___ It can be anything: a story, your train of thought, or a transcription of a song you like. When you write, do it at a normal pace and pay attention to how you hold the pen. If your nails turn white from the force you’re exerting, your grip is too strong — relax your hand and try again. This is important because an excessively strong grip will lead to pain and discomfort, which can result in hand and wrist cramping, or even injury. On top of that, pain will affect the consistency of your handwriting and eventually deter you from putting pen to paper at all, rendering this whole process useless. ___38___ Pay attention to spacing, the slant of your letters, their height, their form, and their position relative to the guidelines you’re using. The most important elements to focus on are consistency and legibility, so go through your lines and highlight which words and letters differ most from the rest, and which could be misread. You know repetition is key to learning, and only through writing — again and again — will your body get used to the changes you want to make to your personal script. ___39___ You can do this by taking up a hobby like journaling or meditative writing. This will give you the opportunity to sit down for a few minutes each day and put your growing skills to good use. A Then get a pen you like. B. Next, find a paper layout angle that suits your writing. C. Start by filling half to a whole page with fresh handwriting. D. The good news is, it’s never too late to get better at handwriting. E. When you’re done writing your practice page, take a look and analyze it. F. You can also write down your own train of thought if you can keep up with it. G. A helpful way to practice is to make these exercises part of your everyday life. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When Dr. Henderson was assigning project mates for his psychology class, I secretly hoped he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have fun with. Above all, I prayed he wouldn’t assign me to work with that fiercely competitive, overly serious fellow who always wore dark clothes — his personality seemed to match his attire. But fate had other plans: Dr. Henderson deliberately paired everyone up and announced I’d be working with the very person I’d wanted to avoid. I approached my new teammate to introduce myself, but he looked at me as if I weren’t even there. I felt he saw me as dead weight, someone who might keep him from getting an A. He wasn’t mean, just distant — like he’d fare better tackling the project alone. Needless to say, I dreaded an entire term of being brushed off. But I bit my tongue, trying to make the best of it, afraid of making things worse. The project required developing a hypothesis, designing an experiment, conducting statistical analysis, and presenting findings — with both teammates sharing the final grade. When we met to discuss plans, I felt uneasy. Here was this intense student, known for single - minded focus and top grades — the polar opposite of me. I even thought about dropping the class but held back, not wanting him to see me chicken out. I resolved to stick it out. After lengthy discussions, we settled on studying teenagers’ psychological well-being. I wasn’t sure what that entailed, but at least we had a topic. We met regularly to plan, but I hesitated to share ideas, fearing I’d hold him back. I just nodded when he asked if things were okay this way or that, figuring persuading him was impossible. I started counting the minutes until we could leave — and he seemed to do the same. I just wanted presentation day to come sooner. Then I heard he’d been admitted to the hospital with a serious illness. I felt terrible and knew I had to visit. He looked surprised when I walked into his ward with flowers and fruit. I offered to finish the project, and to my shock, he asked me to share my ideas to improve it. We finally worked as a real team finishing on time. Our hard work paid off — Dr. Henderson was thrilled with our findings. Through it all, we learned the true value of teamwork. As they say, one person can go fast, but together we can go far. 40. Whom did I expect to work with on the project? ________________________________________________________________ 41. What did Dr. Henderson’s assignment involve? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. When he asked if things were okay this way or that, I just nodded because his ideas were rather persuasive. ________________________________________________________________ 43. What would you do if you were teamed up with someone you don’t like for a project? （In about 40 words） ________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是高三学生李华，你的国际好友Jim来信询问你的暑假生活。请你用英文给他回信，内容包括： 1.简要介绍你的暑假； 2.分享你暑假做的一件有意义的事。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$