焦点 32 阅读理解之议论文【讲练结合】-备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之语法知识统统过（全国通用）

焦点32 阅读理解之议论文 备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之语法知识统统过 一、重难点分析​ 1.逻辑结构与论证方法​ •核心三要素：需快速识别论点（首段/尾段）、论据（数据、案例、名言）及论证方式（举例、对比、因果）。 •复杂结构：如总分式、层进式或驳论法，需关注段落间的逻辑衔接词（如“however”“therefore”）。 •论证方法：举例论证（增强说服力）、对比论证（突出观点）、比喻论证（通俗化抽象概念）等。 2.长难句与学术词汇​ •长难句拆解：含定语从句、状语从句的句子需拆解主干（如“Although technology brings convenience, overuse may lead to isolation”）。 •高频学术词：如“environmental sustainability”“cognitive development”，需结合上下文推测词义。 3.隐含观点与态度推断​ •作者立场：通过情感词（如“remarkably beneficial”“controversial”）或反问句（如“Is it ethical to...”）推断态度。 •间接论证：需从论据反向推导论点（如通过数据分析得出结论）。 4.跨学科与本土化议题​ •社会热点：如人工智能伦理、碳中和政策，需积累相关术语（如“carbon neutrality”“AI ethics”）。 •本土化内容：可能涉及地方政策（如江苏环保政策）或教育改革（如“双减”政策）。 二、解题步骤与技巧​ 1.速读定位主旨与结构​ •标题与首尾段：标题常直接点明论点（如“Why Renewable Energy Matters”），首段提出问题，尾段总结观点。 •段落首句分析法：80%的段落首句为主题句，标注后串联全文逻辑链。 2.细节题精准定位​ •题干关键词法：专有名词（如“UN report”）、数字（如“30% reduction”）直接定位原文，避免主观联想。 •同义替换识别：选项可能改写原文（如“significant impact”→“profound effect”），需逐词比对。 3.推理判断题逻辑链构建​ •因果链分析：关注“due to”“as a result”等词，理清论据与结论关系（如“数据A→现象B→作者观点C”）。 •反推法：若原文说“反对某政策”，选项可能反向表述为“criticize its implementation”。 4.词义猜测与排除干扰​ •上下文线索：如“sustainable development”后接“reducing waste”，可推测“sustainable”为“环保的”。 •绝对词排除：含“all”“never”的选项多为错误，议论文强调辩证性。 5.复查与情感校验​ •逻辑一致性检查​：确保答案符合全文基调（如环保议论文不支持“盲目工业化”）。 •情感词复现验证：如文中多次出现“urgent”“critical”，正确选项应呼应紧迫性。 三、趋势预测​ 1.题型升级​ •跨学科融合：可能结合科技（如AI伦理）、环境（如塑料污染治理）等议题，要求综合理解。 •多模态文本：图文结合议论文（如柱状图展示数据+观点论述），需同步分析图表与文字。 2.选材方向​ •本土化议题：江苏环保政策、教育改革等。 •国际视野：全球变暖应对措施、社交媒体对青少年的影响。 3.高频题型分布​ •主旨题（30%）：侧重段落主旨及全文论点，区分“部分观点”与“核心论点”。 •推理题（35%）：考查隐含结论（如“作者是否支持某技术”）。 •态度题（20%）：通过情感词判断作者对争议性话题的立场。 四、备考建议​ 1.结构化训练​ •每日精析真题：标注论点句、论证方式（如“作者用WHO数据支持观点”），总结高频结构模板。 •逻辑词专项积累：整理转折（however/nevertheless）、因果（thus/therefore）等信号词。 2.词汇与长难句突破​ •学术词库建设：按主题分类记忆（环保、科技、教育），如“biodiversity”“algorithmic bias”。 •长难句拆解练习：每日分析3-5个含从句的句子，标注主干与修饰成分。 3.实战模拟与策略优化​ •限时训练：每篇控制在8分钟内，前3分钟速读定位，后5分钟深度分析。 •错题归类：按“逻辑误判”“词汇障碍”分类，针对性强化（如加强论证方法识别训练）。 五、典型例题解析​​ ​题目： "With the development of technology, smartphones are widely used in our life. As a result, people pay less attention to their handwriting, which has become a dying art. Some people argue that grading students’ handwriting is helpful. Others, however, say it is something to be admired but not given grades." ​问题：What is the author’s attitude toward grading handwriting? ​解析： 1.定位关键词：作者观点句“Some people argue... Others, however...”表明存在争议。 2.分析逻辑词：“however”后为作者倾向，即“grading is not given grades”。 3.结论：作者持中立态度，认为书写应被欣赏而非强制评分。 总结：议论文阅读需强化逻辑分析能力，结合结构化训练与真题模拟，重点突破长难句和跨学科议题。备考需关注本土化与国际议题的交叉考查，提升辩证思维与多模态文本处理能力。 A We learn many things at school, but most of us don’t learn how to make the most of the time we have. However, reaching a school-life balance (平衡) is one of the most important things for students like you to understand. As many of you hurriedly do your best to earn (获得) as many volunteer hours or work experience as possible, do sports and other activities outside the classroom, it’s hard not to let those things impact (影响) your grades. Let me introduce you to a way I call “Value-Based Time Blocking”. The most important thing is to discover what your core (核心) values are and make sure that your timetable shows that. The key isn’t to spend most of your time on what you personally value as most important — instead, think how much time you need to spend in each area of your life to keep a school-life balance. Here’s an example: let’s say that you need volunteer experience in a field. Try not to start the volunteer work too quickly without thinking about whether you enjoy the experience or not, think about how often and for how long you want to be volunteering. You may realize that volunteering a few hours once a week is enough for you to get the experience you need, and a few hours’ work will not impact your grades. To get started, write down as many of your personal values onto a piece of paper as you can. Once you have at least 20, underline your top 5. Next, think about all the things you would like to finish. In comparing what you’d like to do and your top 5 values, scratch out (划掉) anything that doesn’t go with most of these values. Finally, think about how much time you want to spend on each task as it connects to your values. How we use our time is a choice. You don’t have to do all the things, especially not all at once. You can choose to do only a few things. If you make the decision to try your best and to enjoy the time you spend on them, you can still get competitive grades and have a satisfying life outside the classroom, but it has to be a choice. 1．According to “Value-Based Time Blocking”, students should ________. A．do the activities that they would like to do B．decide how much time to spend in each area of life C．discover in what area they spend most of their time D．spend most of their time on what they personally value most 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Students are not clear about what their core values are. B．Students need to find the connection between school and life. C．Students should spend time on what connects with their values. D．Students need little volunteer experience when they are at school. 3．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To suggest a way of finding a school-life balance. B．To tell the importance of reaching a school-life balance. C．To explain why students enjoy life outside the classroom. D．To show how activities outside the classroom impact grades. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】教育、议论文、意见/建议 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者向我们介绍了一种达到学校——生活平衡的方式，即把时间花在与价值观相关的事情上。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“instead, think how much time you need to spend in each area of your life to keep a school-life balance.”可知，根据“基于价值的时间阻塞”，学生们应该决定在生活的每个方面花多少时间。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The most important thing is to discover what your core values are”及第四段“Finally, think about how much time you want to spend on each task as it connects to your values.”可知，学生要明确自己的价值观，把时间花在与价值观有关的事情上。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, reaching a school-life balance is one of the most important things for students like you to understand.”及全文可知，作者介绍了一种“基于价值的时间阻塞”方式来帮助学生们达到学校——生活的平衡。故选A。 B ①As we all know, people work together. Each person does his or her part to make the world better. A society needs many different kinds of workers in order to work well. Similar to humans, animals also need to work together to live better. In fact, nature gives most animals a social talent that serves a number of purposes. ②Many lions work together in groups. The females (雌性动物) need to search for food. Lions work in teams to catch other animals. They watch the animal in a circle and stop it from running away. Wolves also work in teams. They have a strong social order. They follow a leader and follow rules for the good of the group. ③The members of bee communities have special jobs. A queen bee, worker bees and other bees live in a beehive (蜂巢).The worker bees serve the queen so the queen can lay eggs. If the queen doesn’t lay enough eggs, the busy beehive would soon be empty. In bee communities, females take on the job of protecting the beehive. ④Cows and birds often eat together to help one another. The birds eat the insects on the back of cows. And in return, the birds make a lot of warming noises. They will fly away if they find danger. Crocodiles (鳄鱼) and birds called plovers (千鸟) help each other in the same way. Crocodiles have very sharp teeth. After they eat, the tiny and harmful animals usually remain on their teeth. The plover will pick the animals out of a crocodile’s teeth. This provides food for itself and helps clean the crocodile’s teeth. ⑤There are certain similarities between the human society and animal world. We have many of the same needs, after all. We must help one another. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic “animals work together” in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking a question. D．By comparing facts. 2．Which of the following can best describe how lions catch a sheep?( =lion =sheep) A． B． C． D． 3．How do cows and birds help each other? a. Birds warn cows of danger.    b. Birds help clean cows’ teeth. c. Birds find food on the back of cows.    d. Birds sing and dance to make cows happy. A．ab B．ac C．bc D．bd 4．What’s the structure of the text? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②/③④/⑤ C．①/②/③/④⑤ D．①/②③/④/⑤ 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科普知识、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，动物和人类一样需要协作生存，如狮子、狼以团队协作捕猎并遵循社会秩序，蜜蜂群体内有明确分工，牛与鸟、鳄鱼与千鸟通过互助实现共生，借此说明人类社会与动物世界在相互依存、协同合作方面存在相似性，强调彼此帮助的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“As we all know, people work together. Each person does his or her part to make the world better. A society needs many different kinds of workers in order to work well. Similar to humans, animals also need to work together to live better.”可知，在引出主题之前先介绍人类之间需要协作人类需要协同合作。每个人各司其职，让世界变得更美好；因此作者通过事实类比的方式，引出话题。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Lions work in teams to catch other animals. They watch the animal in a circle and stop it from running away.”可知，狮子通过团队合作捕猎其他动物：以环形包围猎物，阻止其逃脱。选项C呈现的图片符合文意。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“The birds eat the insects on the back of cows. And in return, the birds make a lot of warming noises. They will fly away if they find danger.”可知，鸟类啄食牛背上的昆虫，作为回报，它们会发出警报声 —— 若发现危险，便会飞走。因此选项ac正确。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。文章的第①段提出观点动物与人类均需协作；第②③④段介绍不同动物群体的协作模式；第⑤段归纳人类社会与动物世界的相似性，强调 “相互帮助” 的必要性，呼应开篇论点。整篇的文章的机构是总—分—总结构。故选A。 C Recently, David, a professor at Harvard Theological Seminary shared and explained his ideas on Chinese faith (信仰) and belief in a speech. After Professor David’s video of the speech was posted on social networking sites, it got a heated discussion among people abroad, which also reminded us Chinese to be proud of our culture, and pass the great spirits on. This is part of his speech. Chinese themselves may not know they have this kind of national spirits, which helps to make them stand up till now and lead them to a better future. In American myths, fire is given by God. In Greek myths, fire is stolen by Prometheus but in Chinese myths, fire is made by them. This is the difference. They use such stories like Drilling Wood for Fire to warn future generations to fight against nature! When facing flood, we hid ourselves in the Ark of Noah, but in the stories of the Chinese, their ancestors (祖先) got over the difficulties and beat the flood back in the story of Dayu and the Flood. See, it is still a struggle (奋斗), a struggle against disasters! If you read Chinese myths, you will find them quite unbelievable. In Chinese culture shown in the stories, you will find that there is only one word—struggle! If there is a mountain in front of your door, do you choose to move the house or dig a tunnel? It is clear that moving the house is the best choice. However, in the Chinese story Yu Gong Moves the Mauntain, they moved the mountain away! Chinese ancestors used such stories to tell future generations: you can lose, but you can’t give in. Unluckily, our myths tell people to listen to God’s ideas. These myths, which we Chinese have heard from childhood and passed on to the next generation, are more than just stories. In fact, the speech from David reminds all that it is important for us Chinese to learn about the national spirits and the faith. We dare to fight, are not afraid of losing, and will not accept failure easily. 1．The professor David mainly develops his idea in the speech by ________. A．raising questions B．explaining reasons C．giving examples D．listing numbers 2．The story ________ can express the Chinese faith and belief—struggling and daring to fight. A．Wolves Are Coming B．Houyi Shoots the Suns C．The Farmer and the Snake D．Cao Chong Weighed the Elephant 3．According to the passage we can infer that ________. A．Chinese myths are better than Westerns’ B．the national spirits of China are great C．Chinese used the myths to tell stories D．the myths in other countries are meaningless 4．Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “give in”? A．Students must give in their assignments by Friday. B．He gave in to sadness after losing his job and house. C．The runner was tired and finally gave in in the race. D．My family insisted that I should not give in, but fight. 5．The best title for this passage may be ________. A．Fight for Our Country B．Learn about Chinese Heroes C．The Reminder of Chinese Faith D．Different Myths and Faith in the World 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】哲理感悟、国家与民族、中华文化、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过哈佛神学院大卫教授的演讲，对比中西神话中体现的民族精神差异，强调中国文化中“奋斗不息”的信仰与信念，并呼吁中国人传承这种精神。 1．细节理解题。根据“They use such stories like Drilling Wood for Fire...their ancestors (祖先) got over the difficulties and beat the flood back in the story of Dayu and the Flood...in the Chinese story Yu Gong Moves the Mauntain, they moved the mountain away!”可知，教授在演讲中通过列举具体的故事（如《钻木取火》、《大禹治水》、《愚公移山》）来阐述观点。因此，其论证方式为举例。故选C。 2．推理判断题。《后羿射日》这一故事讲述了神箭手后羿为拯救苍生，射落九个太阳，仅留一个太阳普照大地的英雄壮举‌。因此，它可以表达中国人的信仰和信念——奋斗和敢于斗争。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“...which also reminded us Chinese to be proud of our culture, and pass the great spirits on.”和“...which helps to make them stand up till now and lead them to a better future.”可知，这提醒我们中国人要为自己的文化感到骄傲，并将伟大的精神传承下去；这样的民族精神帮助中国人站起来，并带领我们走向更美好的未来。由此推知，中国的民族精神是伟大的。故选B。 4．词义猜测题。根据“you can lose, but you can’t give in”可推知，你可以失败，但是你不能屈服，因此，give in在原文中指“屈服”；选项D“My family insisted that I should not give in, but fight.”应表示“不应该屈服，应该战斗”，直接对应原文“不屈服”的积极含义，与主旨高度契合。故选D。 5．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过引用大卫教授的演讲稿告诉我们：“敢于战斗，不怕失败”的民族精神和信仰很重要，我们要学习和传承这样的民族精神，所以本文的最佳标题是“为国而战”。故选A。 D Video cameras are everywhere, such as schools, theaters and stores. But in recent years, they have entered our homes. Many parents set up cameras at home to watch their children’s online classes and homework. Are cameras really helpful? What do students think about it? Let’s look at two students’ opinions. Kathy: Earlier last year, I liked to lie in bed and watch videos instead of studying. This influenced my study and made my grades worse. So my parents set up a camera to keep an eye on me. It worked. With the camera watching, I had to do my homework first and make plans for studying at home. When I was alone at home, the camera made me feel safe because I knew that my parents were watching on the other side. My grades improved after a year. Jack: When I was in Grade 8, my parents set up a camera in my room. I really didn’t like it because I felt there were always eyes watching me. I felt so uncomfortable that I couldn’t sleep well at night. Knowing there was a camera around when my friends came to my home, they spoke quietly and carefully. We couldn’t play freely. I was sad. So I asked my parents to take the camera away. They agreed it as long as I promised to behave well. I feel happy and free now. 根据短文内容，判断正（T）误（F）。 1．Parents can watch their children studying at home on video cameras. 2．Kathy’s parents set up a camera because Kathy couldn’t sleep well at night. 3．Kathy felt uncomfortable when the camera watched her. 4．Jack liked the camera because he and his friends behaved well after knowing there was a camera around. 5．At last, Jack’s parents took the camera away. 【答案】1．T 2．F 3．F 4．F 5．T 【难度】0.4 【知识点】家庭生活、议论文、细节理解 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了现在摄像头无处不在，现在很多家庭都装了摄像头以观察孩子的学习，同时对一些学生对自己家中安装摄像头有不同的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Many parents set up cameras at home to watch their children’s online classes and homework.”可知，父母可以用摄像机观看孩子在家学习。此题表述正确，故选T。 2．细节理解题。根据“This influenced my study and made my grades worse. So my parents set up a camera to keep an eye on me.”可知，凯西的父母安装了摄像头，因为凯西成绩不好。此题表述错误，故选F。 3．细节理解题。根据“When I was alone at home, the camera made me feel safe because I knew that my parents were watching on the other side. My grades improved after a year.”可知，当摄像头对准凯西时，她感到很安全，此题表述错误，故选F。 4．细节理解题。根据“I really didn’t like it because I felt there were always eyes watching me. I felt so uncomfortable that I couldn’t sleep well at night. Knowing there was a camera around when my friends came to my home, they spoke quietly and carefully. We couldn’t play freely.”可知，当杰克的朋友们来他家时，他们知道周围有摄像头，所以他们说话轻声细语，他们不能自由地玩耍。此题表述错误，故选F。 5．细节理解题。根据“So I asked my parents to take the camera away. They agreed it as long as I promised to behave well. I feel happy and free now.”可知，杰克的父母答应只要他答应好好表现，就同意了把摄像头拿走，现在杰克感到快乐和自由。由此推知，杰克的父母把摄像头拿走了。此题表述正确，故选T。 A （2025·北京·中考真题） People are talking a lot about artificial intelligence (AI), viewing it as a force that could reshape how society works. But there is something important missing from this discussion. It isn’t enough to ask how it will change us. We also need to understand how we shape AI and what it can tell us about ourselves. Every AI model we develop mirrors our rules and expresses our beliefs. A few years ago, while looking for new workers, a famous company gave up an AI-powered tool after finding it unfavorable to women. The AI was not designed to behave this way, instead, it was influenced by the historical data (数据) favoring men. Similarly, a recent study found that lending algorithms (算法) often offer less favorable terms to colored people, worsening long-standing unfairness in money-lending business. In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present. These reflections (反映) give us an important chance to take a close look at ourselves. By making these problems seen and more pressing, AI challenges us to recognize and address what causes algorithmic bias. As AI continues to develop, we must ask ourselves how we as average people want to shape its role in society. We should not only improve AI models, but also make sure that AI is developed and used responsibly. A number of companies are already taking action. They are judging the data, rules, and beliefs that shape the behavior of AI models. Still, we cannot expect the companies to do all the work. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the footprints of ourselves we leave in the world. I may value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to visit a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgment of what I really want and what is good for me. If I want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am indirectly training AI models about the true nature of humanity. As AI becomes more powerful, we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge. Recognizing this allows us to make better decisions, but only when we are prepared to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. 1．Why does the writer introduce the two examples in Paragraph 2? A．To suggest a solution. B．To stress a difference. C．To challenge a practice. D．To support a viewpoint. 2．What does the word “diverge” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Improve. B．Appear. C．Separate. D．Repeat. 3．According to the passage, what is a good example of shaping AI responsibility? A．Guarding one’s privacy against AI models. B．Being mindful of our feeds into AI models. C．Training algorithms to favor the latest data. D．Designing algorithms to deal with unfairness. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．AI Isn’t the Problem; We Are B．AI: A Tool to Reshape Our Society C．More Open algorithms for Better AI? D．Building Trust in Human-AI Relationships 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.15 【知识点】信息技术、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了人工智能如何反映人类社会中的偏见和不公平现象，并强调人类在塑造AI时需要承担的责任。文章通过具体案例说明AI并非独立产生偏见，而是反映了人类社会已有的问题，并呼吁人们通过自身行为来影响AI的发展方向。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present.”可知，作者认为AI并没有创造新的偏见，而是反映了已经存在的偏见。第二段中提到的招聘时由AI驱动的工具对女性更不利，贷款算法对有色人种更为不利，这两个例子印证了作者的观点，是为了支持“AI反映人类社会偏见”这一观点。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge.”可知，在人工智能发展的过程中，我们需要将我们的原则融入到我们的行动记录中，而不是让两者背道而驰。划线部分diverge意为“分歧，背离”，与Separate表达的意思相近。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the footprints of ourselves we leave in the world.”可知，只要AI是基于人类数据训练的，它就会反映人类行为。这意味着我们必须认真思考我们在世界上留下的足迹。作者认为人类应谨慎对待自身行为对AI的影响，即“注意我们对AI模型的输入”。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章核心观点是AI并非问题的根源，而是人类社会偏见的反映，因此人类需要为AI的发展负责。选项A“AI Isn’t the Problem; We Are”最贴合主旨。故选A。 B （2025·山东泰安·中考真题） Nowadays, some companies around the world are now offering humanoid (human-like) robots. They are being designed (设计) to look as human as possible. These products of technology are at the center of a debate (辩论): Should they be made to look like humans or just like what they are machines? Robots are playing an increasingly bigger role in our lives. In some countries, robots have been entertaining kids and helping the elderly. Some experts say robots will be more effective at such jobs if they look like humans. Research has shown that people feel closer to human-like robots. Also, human-like robots suit environments that are designed for humans. After all, the world is full of stairs (楼梯), hallways, shelves at shoulder height and sightlines at eye level. But other experts say robots don’t need to look like humans. Humanoid robots also have disadvantages. If robots look like us, we may expect them to act like us. However, they may make us disappointed because they can’t always do that yet. For example, they can’t laugh at the right moments during a conversation. Many people also find human-like robots scary. I think the human body is not the best design for many of the jobs we want robots to do. Just think of small, flat robot vacuums (真空吸尘器). They can go under a sofa to pick up the dust balls. Can human-like robots also do this? Even if robots can be made into humanlike ones, why do we limit (限定) them to two legs and two arms? Why not four and six so they can pick up the elderly or sick people comfortably? And that super intelligent AI almost certainly wouldn’t pick one body design to carry its mind around in. Why limit computational capacity (算力) to what fits inside a single head? What’s your opinion about robots’ shapes? 1．According to the second paragraph, the reasons why robots should be designed to look like humans include ________. ①People feel closer to humanoid robots. ②Robots are widely used in the industrial field. ③Humanoid robots can serve the people effectively. ④Humanoid robots can suit human environments. A．①②④ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②③ 2．Other experts don’t agree that robots are designed to look like humans because humanoid robots ________. A．cost a lot B．can’t cry or laugh C．can’t have conversations with humans D．can’t always behave like us as we expect 3．What’s the writer’s opinion according to the fourth paragraph? A．Robots can’t be made to look like humans. B．Humanoid design is still the best choice for robots. C．A robot should be designed with more arms, legs and heads. D．The design of a robot’s shape should depend on its use. 4．What’s the best title of this passage? A．The Development of Humanoid Robots B．A Debate about Improving the Services of Robots C．Should Robots Look like Humans? D．Different Robots, Different Services 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】科学技术、议论文 【导语】本文主要针对机器人是否应该被设计得看起来像人类展开讨论。 1．细节理解题。根据“Research has shown that people feel closer to human-like robots.”，“Some experts say robots will be more effective at such jobs if they look like humans.”和“Also, human-like robots suit environments that are designed for humans.”可知，提到了①③④，而没有②。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“If robots look like us, we may expect them to act like us.”可知，如果机器人长得和我们一样，那么我们可能会期望它们的行为也会和我们一样。故选D。 3．段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，作者的核心观点是机器人形状的设计应该取决于它的用途。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。根据“Should they be made to look like humans or just like what they are machines?”可知，本文主要针对机器人是否应该被设计得看起来像人类展开讨论。故选C。 C （2025·天津·中考真题） There are many kinds of work. People do different things in their work. We talked to three young people about their careers (职业). Read about them. Jane, 22: I’m a travel agent (代理人). I plan vacations for different kinds of people. I need to buy plane tickets, book hotel rooms and make travel plans. I pay attention to the needs of my customers and help solve their travel problems. I really like the working hours from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm every day. And I can buy plane tickets at very low prices. Grace, 24: I sell electronics (电子产品) in a store. I help people make decisions about choosing and buying electronics. I need to know clearly about the information of each product in our store. I’m a fan of technology, so I think it’s always interesting to learn about new electronics. Sometimes I have to work late at night, but I still enjoy my work. And they pay me very well. Mike, 25: I’m a website designer (设计师). I make websites for different companies. To make a website for a company, I learn about the company and its needs first. I write down some ideas. After that, I talk to people at the company again to improve my design. Then I complete the website. I like to create new things. I feel so happy when I see the results of my work. Also, I work on my computer at home. This means I can decide my own working hours and have more time with my family. 1．What does Jane do for different kinds of people? A．She repairs computers. B．She plans vacations. C．She writes books. D．She does housework 2．What is always interesting for Grace? A．To work very late at night. B．To learn about new electronics C．To have more time with her family. D．To help people solve travel problems. 3．What is the right order for Mike to make a website for a company? a. Write down some ideas          b. Finish making the website. c. Learn about the company and its needs.     d. Communicate with people at the company again. A．a-b-c-d B．a-c-d-b C．c-b-a-d D．c-a-d-b 4．We can learn from the passage that the three young people all ________. A．sell electronics B．make little money C．enjoy their work D．create new technology 5．This passage mainly helps people ________. A．decide their working hours B．learn about different work C．find a company to work for D．become fans of technology 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】工作与职业、议论文 【导语】本文主要介绍了三位年轻人的职业及其工作内容、特点和感受。 1．细节理解题。根据“I’m a travel agent (代理人). I plan vacations for different kinds of people.”可知，Jane的工作是为人们规划假期。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“I’m a fan of technology, so I’s always interesting to learn about new electronics.”可知，Grace认为学习新电子产品很有趣。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“To make a website for a company, I learn about the company and its needs first. I write down some ideas. After that, I talk to people at the company again to improve my design. Then I complete the website”可知，为一个公司做网站，Mike首先要了解这个公司和它的需求。然后写下一些想法。在那之后，他再次与公司的人交谈，以改进自己的设计。然后他完成了这个网站，故正确顺序为c-a-d-b。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Jane；I really like the working hours…”、“Grace；but I still enjoy my work.”和“Mike；I like to create new things. I feel so happy when I see the results of my work.”可知三人都热爱自己的工作。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章通过三位年轻人的职业介绍，帮助读者了解不同类型的工作。故选B。 D （2025·湖南长沙·中考真题） One morning, I stopped at my favorite restaurant to get something to eat and got comfortable at a small table. Shortly after, I noticed four young people sitting at a table near me. After simply greeting each other and ordering, they all looked at their phones and continued to do so until their orders arrived. After photographing their food, they ate, continuing to look at their phones. I was wondering why they came here to eat together. They were phubbing, or phone snubbing (冷落), a very common problem these days. You may not know the word “phubbing”, but this kind of act is not strange to you. In fact, 32% of people report that they are phubbed two or three times a day. Do you have a conversation on your phone while talking to another person face to face? Do you scroll (上下滑动) through your phone while eating with someone for fear of missing out? If your answer is yes to either of them, you might be a “phubber”. The writer of The Psychology of Phubbing did a survey and found that the influence of phubbing on relationships can be very harmful or destructive. For example, children felt that parents who phubbed them didn’t care about them. This led to a feeling of being left out. Also, partners who were phubbed might be less satisfied with the relationship because of jealousy (嫉妒) and worries. Phubbing is a learned act, so unlearning it is possible. Start by accepting the problem. Set a time limit (限制) for not using your phone. Create areas where phones are off-limits. Don’t let the modern technology which is designed (设计) to bring people together separate you from others. 1．What did the four young people keep doing before their orders arrived? A．Greeting each other. B．Looking at their phones. C．Photographing their food. 2．How does the writer introduce the word “phubber” in Paragraph 3? A．By raising questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving reasons. 3．What does the underlined word “destructive” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．微乎其微的 B．积极正向的 C．有破坏性的 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To warn people against phubbing. B．To show how phones bring people closer. C．To present the advantages of modern technology. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】科普知识、议论文、意见/建议 【导语】本文介绍了低头族现象和“phubbing”这个词的来源，并倡导人们减少使用手机的时间去做其他有意义的事情。 1．细节理解题。根据“After simply greeting each other and ordering, they all looked at their phones and continued to do so until their orders arrived.”可知，几个人一直在盯着手机看，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Do you have a conversation on your phone while talking to another person face to face? Do you scroll (上下滑动) through your phone while eating with someone for fear of missing out?”可知，作者在第三段通过提出问题介绍“phubber”这个词。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“...found that the influence of phubbing on relationships can be very harmful or destructive”可知，此处destructive与“harmful”语意相近，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。本文介绍了低头族现象和“phubbing”这个词的来源，并倡导人们减少使用手机的时间去做其他有意义的事情。故选A。 A （2025·陕西商洛·模拟预测） Many students today learn programming. However, some students are still not sure whether they should choose to learn programming or not. Then, what do students and teachers think? I studied C++ for several years when I was in primary school and stopped later because I found it too hard. It takes high math skills. Now I have changed to learn Mathematical Olympiad (奥数) problems. I find that what I’ve learned in programming can help me with it. It also helps me with learning math at school. But programming is not for everyone. If you find it too hard at some point, there is no need to push yourself. —Qiu Wenjun, 14, Nanjing No.29 High School I have taught programming for three years in high school. Many parents are worried about how much time it will take up and whether it’s going to help students with the gaokao or not. I’m always honest with them: Using it to help in the gookao is quite hard unless the student is talented and has been trained before. However, learning as a hobby also works as it trains you to have a scientific way of thinking. —Gao Dadong, Taiyuan No.5 Middle School 1．The function of Paragraph 1 is to ________. A．share a story B．introduce a subject C．lead into the topic D．describe a new study 2．How did Qiu Wenjun like C++? A．Difficult. B．Simple. C．Boring. D．Useless. 3．What can we know about Gao Dadong? A．He has taught programming for five years in a high school. B．He thinks students can treat learning programming as a hobby. C．He is an excellent math teacher at Nanjing No.29 High School. D．He thinks learning programming can help all the students in the gaokao. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】教育、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过学生邱文俊和教师高大东的观点，探讨了学习编程的利弊和适用性。文章旨在帮助学生和家长理性看待编程学习，权衡个人兴趣和能力。 1．推理判断题。根据“Many students today learn programming. However, some students are still not sure whether they should choose to learn programming or not. Then, what do students and teachers think?”可知，第一段通过提出问题并引入学生邱文俊的个人经历，旨在引导读者进入“学生和教师对学习编程的看法”这一话题，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“I studied C++ for several years when I was in primary school and stopped later because I found it too hard”可知，邱文俊认为C++很难，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“I have taught programming for three years in high school...learning as a hobby also works as it trains you to have a scientific way of thinking”可知，高大东认为学生可以把学习编程当作一种爱好，并强调它能培养科学思维，故选B。 B （2025·浙江绍兴·三模） Meat can be tasty. It is often good for us and it has been part of our meals for long. However, some organizations, like the Soil Association, say meat should not be eaten every day, especially in schools. This is because farming animals for meat can be bad for the environment and lead to climate (气候) change. The Soil Association wants schools to have more plant-based meal choices that do not cause environmental problems. The Government already advises that schools have one no-meat day each week, but not all schools follow this advice. So what do you think? Yes! It’s important to have no-meat days Everyone needs to do their bit to help the planet, and eating less meat is a good start. Although meat can be healthy and is good for us in the right amounts, eating it every day means a lot of animals have to be farmed. This uses up valuable things such as water and land. The animals themselves add to climate change by producing methane (甲烷). Besides, it’s not necessary to eat meat every day. There are many ways to get the nourishment (营养) to be healthy. We could eat foods like beans, nuts, potatoes and so on. What’s more, eating more plant-based foods will lower the pressure on the problem of being overweight among students. No! ▲ Students should be able to decide what they eat—it’s a personal choice. Some students, for example, might eat a little bit of meat each day, but less overall. Besides, meat is full of nourishment needed for growth. If schools don’t serve meat, they might choose junk food instead. It’s right to tell and educate young people about climate change and the results of the farming industry, but they should be encouraged to change their eating habits rather than being told that they have to. Making people change their habits doesn’t always mean people can change their minds. 1．According to the text, what does the Soil Association advise schools to do? A．Stop all meat meals. B．Increase junk food choices. C．Serve meat every day. D．Offer more plant-based meals. 2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Eating much meat. B．Farming lots of animals. C．Having one no-meat day. D．Eating more plant-based foods. 3．Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in “ ▲ ” in the passage? A．It’s up to the students to make the decision. B．Students should avoid eating junk food. C．It’s necessary to change students’ eating habits. D．Students should eat a little bit of meat every day. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To encourage schools to serve more meat. B．To explain why meat is unhealthy for students. C．To discuss whether schools should have no-meat days. D．To question the government’s advice on school meals. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】健康饮食、议论文 【导语】本文介绍了关于学校是否应该设置无肉日（即不提供肉食的日子）的讨论。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Soil Association wants schools to have more plant-based meal choices that do not cause environmental problems.”可知，土壤协会希望学校提供更多不会造成环境问题的植物性膳食选择。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Although meat can be healthy and is good for us in the right amounts, eating it every day means a lot of animals have to be farmed. This uses up valuable things such as water and land.”可知，虽然适量的肉是健康的，对我们有好处，但每天吃肉意味着要养很多动物。这消耗了宝贵的东西，如水和土地。“this”指代的是“喂养很多动物”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Students should be able to decide what they eat—it’s a personal choice.”可知，本段主要介绍的是学生应该有自主选择吃什么的权利，选项A“这要由学生们来做决定。”符合语境。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据“The Government already advises that schools have one no-meat day each week, but not all schools follow this advice.”可知，本文介绍了关于学校是否应该设置无肉日（即不提供肉食的日子）的讨论。故选C。 C （2025·广东深圳·模拟预测） “Look in my eyes! Tell me why?” Have you found yourself listening to “ancient people” online recently? Creative vloggers are using AI technology to bring famous people from history, like Tang Dynasty poets Li Bai and Du Fu, “back to life”. These AI-produced videos have become very popular, showing these historical people speaking in modern language. In one video, Du Fu talks about his experiences while Ming Dynasty medical expert Li Shizhen jokes about modern life. “The videos let me learn more about important ancient people, such as Wen Zhengming and Tang Bohu. I didn’t know much about their stories before,” said Wang Jiayi, 15, from Shandong. These kinds of videos also make people more excited to learn about history and culture. A Douyin user from Guangdong shared her changing feeling in a message under one of the videos: “I used to be totally uninterested in history, but now I sometimes even go to the library to search for more information when some topics really attract me.” However, not everyone enjoys the popular style. Some people feel annoyed by the way these characters speak in loud voices and always ask questions. “They’re different from how they really were,” explained 14-year-old Wang Shuotong from Jiangsu. “For example, Wen Zhengming was a polite and modest (谦逊的) artist in history. So I think the video harms his appearance in a way.” Xia Boen, 14, from Hubei, felt the same way. However, Xia admitted that the strong speaking style in the videos helped him remember almost everything they said about their experiences and achievements. These videos use a more modern way to let ancient people speak for themselves. However, we should be careful with these videos, making sure they tell the truth and aren’t just for fun. 1．What kind of technology do creative vloggers use to recreate ancient people? A．AR technology. B．AI technology. C．VR technology. D．3D printing technology. 2．What did the Douyin user from Guangdong do after watching the new kind of history videos? A．She visited the library to look for more ideas sometimes. B．She started to share her own historical experiences online. C．She began to teach history to other people through the new way. D．She always used the new technology to make her own history videos. 3．What is the main purpose of the third paragraph? A．To show the popularity of the new kind of history videos. B．To give different opinions about the new kind of history videos. C．To introduce new ancient figures in the new kind of history videos. D．To explain how the new technology works in making history videos. 4．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the new kind of history videos in this passage? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Balanced. D．Uninterested. 5．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科学技术、议论文 【导语】本文主要论述了创意视频博主利用AI技术让李白、杜甫等历史名人“复活”，以现代语言说话的AI视频走红，引发不同反响：有人认为其激发历史学习兴趣，也有人觉得损害人物形象。作者指出需在趣味与真实性间保持谨慎。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Creative vloggers are using AI technology to bring famous people from history... ‘back to life’.”可知，使用的是AI技术。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A Douyin user from Guangdong... ‘I used to be... but now I sometimes even go to the library to search for more information’”可知，她会去图书馆查找更多资料。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段开头“However, not everyone enjoys the popular style.”可知，此处转折引出反对观点，如“损害人物形象”，同时也提到有人认可其记忆辅助作用，旨在呈现对AI历史视频的不同看法。故选B。 4．观点态度题。根据末段“These videos use a more modern way... However, we should be careful... making sure they tell the truth”可知，作者既肯定其创新，又强调需注重真实性，态度平衡（Balanced）。故选C。 5．篇章结构题。第一段引出AI历史视频现象；第二段阐述积极影响（激发兴趣）；第三段讨论消极观点（形象争议）；第四段总结需平衡趣味与真实。结构为“现象介绍→正面分析→反面观点→总结建议”，即“总 — 分 — 总”。故选B。 D （2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测） 阅读短文，判断各个小题正、误。正确的写A，错误的写B。 “The grass looks greener on the other side of the fence.” That’s an old saying in English. It means that other places often look better, more interesting than the place where you live. Some people worry that young Chinese are beginning to feel that way. They see young Chinese ignoring (忽视) Chinese culture and, instead, buying Japanese cartoon books, watching Korean soap operas and ever celebrating western holidays. Foreign books and soap operas are good, but Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can never have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has and the West has nothing to compare with Mid-autumn Festival. And let’s not forget the part of Chinese culture I like best: its friendliness (友好). Not all countries are as warm as China. It’s good to enjoy other cultures and to learn from them, but they can never replace your own culture. It’s good to look on the other side of the fence, but make sure you take a good long look. You will find that the grass isn’t always greener on the other side of the fence. 1．The saying means the place where you live looks better than other places. 2．Some people worry that young Chinese ignore Chinese culture. 3．The Spring Festival is more meaningful for Chinese people. 4．Foreign culture can’t replace Chinese culture. 5．This passage mentioned three Chinese festivals. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．A 5．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】中华文化、议论文、细节理解、文化保护 【导语】本文通过谚语“篱笆另一边的草更绿。”引出对年轻人忽视中国文化的担忧，强调外国文化虽好但无法替代中国传统文化的独特价值，呼吁在欣赏外来文化的同时更要珍视本土文化。 1．细节理解题。根据“It means that other places often look better, more interesting than the place where you live.”可知谚语的意思是其他地方看起来总是比自己居住的地方要更好，更有趣。故答案为B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Some people worry that young Chinese are beginning to feel that way. They see young Chinese ignoring (忽视) Chinese culture…”可知有些人担心中国年轻人忽视中国文化。故答案为A。 3．细节理解题。根据“As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can never have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has…”可知春节对中国人更有意义。故答案为A。 4．细节理解题。根据“It’s good to enjoy other cultures and to learn from them, but they can never replace your own culture.”可知外国文化代替不了中国文化。故答案为A。 5．细节理解题。根据“As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can never have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has and the West has nothing to compare with Mid-autumn Festival.”可知这篇文章提到了春节和中秋节两个中国节日。故答案为B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 焦点32 阅读理解之议论文 备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之语法知识统统过 一、重难点分析​ 1.逻辑结构与论证方法​ •核心三要素：需快速识别论点（首段/尾段）、论据（数据、案例、名言）及论证方式（举例、对比、因果）。 •复杂结构：如总分式、层进式或驳论法，需关注段落间的逻辑衔接词（如“however”“therefore”）。 •论证方法：举例论证（增强说服力）、对比论证（突出观点）、比喻论证（通俗化抽象概念）等。 2.长难句与学术词汇​ •长难句拆解：含定语从句、状语从句的句子需拆解主干（如“Although technology brings convenience, overuse may lead to isolation”）。 •高频学术词：如“environmental sustainability”“cognitive development”，需结合上下文推测词义。 3.隐含观点与态度推断​ •作者立场：通过情感词（如“remarkably beneficial”“controversial”）或反问句（如“Is it ethical to...”）推断态度。 •间接论证：需从论据反向推导论点（如通过数据分析得出结论）。 4.跨学科与本土化议题​ •社会热点：如人工智能伦理、碳中和政策，需积累相关术语（如“carbon neutrality”“AI ethics”）。 •本土化内容：可能涉及地方政策（如江苏环保政策）或教育改革（如“双减”政策）。 二、解题步骤与技巧​ 1.速读定位主旨与结构​ •标题与首尾段：标题常直接点明论点（如“Why Renewable Energy Matters”），首段提出问题，尾段总结观点。 •段落首句分析法：80%的段落首句为主题句，标注后串联全文逻辑链。 2.细节题精准定位​ •题干关键词法：专有名词（如“UN report”）、数字（如“30% reduction”）直接定位原文，避免主观联想。 •同义替换识别：选项可能改写原文（如“significant impact”→“profound effect”），需逐词比对。 3.推理判断题逻辑链构建​ •因果链分析：关注“due to”“as a result”等词，理清论据与结论关系（如“数据A→现象B→作者观点C”）。 •反推法：若原文说“反对某政策”，选项可能反向表述为“criticize its implementation”。 4.词义猜测与排除干扰​ •上下文线索：如“sustainable development”后接“reducing waste”，可推测“sustainable”为“环保的”。 •绝对词排除：含“all”“never”的选项多为错误，议论文强调辩证性。 5.复查与情感校验​ •逻辑一致性检查​：确保答案符合全文基调（如环保议论文不支持“盲目工业化”）。 •情感词复现验证：如文中多次出现“urgent”“critical”，正确选项应呼应紧迫性。 三、趋势预测​ 1.题型升级​ •跨学科融合：可能结合科技（如AI伦理）、环境（如塑料污染治理）等议题，要求综合理解。 •多模态文本：图文结合议论文（如柱状图展示数据+观点论述），需同步分析图表与文字。 2.选材方向​ •本土化议题：江苏环保政策、教育改革等。 •国际视野：全球变暖应对措施、社交媒体对青少年的影响。 3.高频题型分布​ •主旨题（30%）：侧重段落主旨及全文论点，区分“部分观点”与“核心论点”。 •推理题（35%）：考查隐含结论（如“作者是否支持某技术”）。 •态度题（20%）：通过情感词判断作者对争议性话题的立场。 四、备考建议​ 1.结构化训练​ •每日精析真题：标注论点句、论证方式（如“作者用WHO数据支持观点”），总结高频结构模板。 •逻辑词专项积累：整理转折（however/nevertheless）、因果（thus/therefore）等信号词。 2.词汇与长难句突破​ •学术词库建设：按主题分类记忆（环保、科技、教育），如“biodiversity”“algorithmic bias”。 •长难句拆解练习：每日分析3-5个含从句的句子，标注主干与修饰成分。 3.实战模拟与策略优化​ •限时训练：每篇控制在8分钟内，前3分钟速读定位，后5分钟深度分析。 •错题归类：按“逻辑误判”“词汇障碍”分类，针对性强化（如加强论证方法识别训练）。 五、典型例题解析​​ ​题目： "With the development of technology, smartphones are widely used in our life. As a result, people pay less attention to their handwriting, which has become a dying art. Some people argue that grading students’ handwriting is helpful. Others, however, say it is something to be admired but not given grades." ​问题：What is the author’s attitude toward grading handwriting? ​解析： 1.定位关键词：作者观点句“Some people argue... Others, however...”表明存在争议。 2.分析逻辑词：“however”后为作者倾向，即“grading is not given grades”。 3.结论：作者持中立态度，认为书写应被欣赏而非强制评分。 总结：议论文阅读需强化逻辑分析能力，结合结构化训练与真题模拟，重点突破长难句和跨学科议题。备考需关注本土化与国际议题的交叉考查，提升辩证思维与多模态文本处理能力。 A We learn many things at school, but most of us don’t learn how to make the most of the time we have. However, reaching a school-life balance (平衡) is one of the most important things for students like you to understand. As many of you hurriedly do your best to earn (获得) as many volunteer hours or work experience as possible, do sports and other activities outside the classroom, it’s hard not to let those things impact (影响) your grades. Let me introduce you to a way I call “Value-Based Time Blocking”. The most important thing is to discover what your core (核心) values are and make sure that your timetable shows that. The key isn’t to spend most of your time on what you personally value as most important — instead, think how much time you need to spend in each area of your life to keep a school-life balance. Here’s an example: let’s say that you need volunteer experience in a field. Try not to start the volunteer work too quickly without thinking about whether you enjoy the experience or not, think about how often and for how long you want to be volunteering. You may realize that volunteering a few hours once a week is enough for you to get the experience you need, and a few hours’ work will not impact your grades. To get started, write down as many of your personal values onto a piece of paper as you can. Once you have at least 20, underline your top 5. Next, think about all the things you would like to finish. In comparing what you’d like to do and your top 5 values, scratch out (划掉) anything that doesn’t go with most of these values. Finally, think about how much time you want to spend on each task as it connects to your values. How we use our time is a choice. You don’t have to do all the things, especially not all at once. You can choose to do only a few things. If you make the decision to try your best and to enjoy the time you spend on them, you can still get competitive grades and have a satisfying life outside the classroom, but it has to be a choice. 1．According to “Value-Based Time Blocking”, students should ________. A．do the activities that they would like to do B．decide how much time to spend in each area of life C．discover in what area they spend most of their time D．spend most of their time on what they personally value most 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Students are not clear about what their core values are. B．Students need to find the connection between school and life. C．Students should spend time on what connects with their values. D．Students need little volunteer experience when they are at school. 3．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To suggest a way of finding a school-life balance. B．To tell the importance of reaching a school-life balance. C．To explain why students enjoy life outside the classroom. D．To show how activities outside the classroom impact grades. B ①As we all know, people work together. Each person does his or her part to make the world better. A society needs many different kinds of workers in order to work well. Similar to humans, animals also need to work together to live better. In fact, nature gives most animals a social talent that serves a number of purposes. ②Many lions work together in groups. The females (雌性动物) need to search for food. Lions work in teams to catch other animals. They watch the animal in a circle and stop it from running away. Wolves also work in teams. They have a strong social order. They follow a leader and follow rules for the good of the group. ③The members of bee communities have special jobs. A queen bee, worker bees and other bees live in a beehive (蜂巢).The worker bees serve the queen so the queen can lay eggs. If the queen doesn’t lay enough eggs, the busy beehive would soon be empty. In bee communities, females take on the job of protecting the beehive. ④Cows and birds often eat together to help one another. The birds eat the insects on the back of cows. And in return, the birds make a lot of warming noises. They will fly away if they find danger. Crocodiles (鳄鱼) and birds called plovers (千鸟) help each other in the same way. Crocodiles have very sharp teeth. After they eat, the tiny and harmful animals usually remain on their teeth. The plover will pick the animals out of a crocodile’s teeth. This provides food for itself and helps clean the crocodile’s teeth. ⑤There are certain similarities between the human society and animal world. We have many of the same needs, after all. We must help one another. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic “animals work together” in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking a question. D．By comparing facts. 2．Which of the following can best describe how lions catch a sheep?( =lion =sheep) A． B． C． D． 3．How do cows and birds help each other? a. Birds warn cows of danger.    b. Birds help clean cows’ teeth. c. Birds find food on the back of cows.    d. Birds sing and dance to make cows happy. A．ab B．ac C．bc D．bd 4．What’s the structure of the text? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②/③④/⑤ C．①/②/③/④⑤ D．①/②③/④/⑤ C Recently, David, a professor at Harvard Theological Seminary shared and explained his ideas on Chinese faith (信仰) and belief in a speech. After Professor David’s video of the speech was posted on social networking sites, it got a heated discussion among people abroad, which also reminded us Chinese to be proud of our culture, and pass the great spirits on. This is part of his speech. Chinese themselves may not know they have this kind of national spirits, which helps to make them stand up till now and lead them to a better future. In American myths, fire is given by God. In Greek myths, fire is stolen by Prometheus but in Chinese myths, fire is made by them. This is the difference. They use such stories like Drilling Wood for Fire to warn future generations to fight against nature! When facing flood, we hid ourselves in the Ark of Noah, but in the stories of the Chinese, their ancestors (祖先) got over the difficulties and beat the flood back in the story of Dayu and the Flood. See, it is still a struggle (奋斗), a struggle against disasters! If you read Chinese myths, you will find them quite unbelievable. In Chinese culture shown in the stories, you will find that there is only one word—struggle! If there is a mountain in front of your door, do you choose to move the house or dig a tunnel? It is clear that moving the house is the best choice. However, in the Chinese story Yu Gong Moves the Mauntain, they moved the mountain away! Chinese ancestors used such stories to tell future generations: you can lose, but you can’t give in. Unluckily, our myths tell people to listen to God’s ideas. These myths, which we Chinese have heard from childhood and passed on to the next generation, are more than just stories. In fact, the speech from David reminds all that it is important for us Chinese to learn about the national spirits and the faith. We dare to fight, are not afraid of losing, and will not accept failure easily. 1．The professor David mainly develops his idea in the speech by ________. A．raising questions B．explaining reasons C．giving examples D．listing numbers 2．The story ________ can express the Chinese faith and belief—struggling and daring to fight. A．Wolves Are Coming B．Houyi Shoots the Suns C．The Farmer and the Snake D．Cao Chong Weighed the Elephant 3．According to the passage we can infer that ________. A．Chinese myths are better than Westerns’ B．the national spirits of China are great C．Chinese used the myths to tell stories D．the myths in other countries are meaningless 4．Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “give in”? A．Students must give in their assignments by Friday. B．He gave in to sadness after losing his job and house. C．The runner was tired and finally gave in in the race. D．My family insisted that I should not give in, but fight. 5．The best title for this passage may be ________. A．Fight for Our Country B．Learn about Chinese Heroes C．The Reminder of Chinese Faith D．Different Myths and Faith in the World D Video cameras are everywhere, such as schools, theaters and stores. But in recent years, they have entered our homes. Many parents set up cameras at home to watch their children’s online classes and homework. Are cameras really helpful? What do students think about it? Let’s look at two students’ opinions. Kathy: Earlier last year, I liked to lie in bed and watch videos instead of studying. This influenced my study and made my grades worse. So my parents set up a camera to keep an eye on me. It worked. With the camera watching, I had to do my homework first and make plans for studying at home. When I was alone at home, the camera made me feel safe because I knew that my parents were watching on the other side. My grades improved after a year. Jack: When I was in Grade 8, my parents set up a camera in my room. I really didn’t like it because I felt there were always eyes watching me. I felt so uncomfortable that I couldn’t sleep well at night. Knowing there was a camera around when my friends came to my home, they spoke quietly and carefully. We couldn’t play freely. I was sad. So I asked my parents to take the camera away. They agreed it as long as I promised to behave well. I feel happy and free now. 根据短文内容，判断正（T）误（F）。 1．Parents can watch their children studying at home on video cameras. 2．Kathy’s parents set up a camera because Kathy couldn’t sleep well at night. 3．Kathy felt uncomfortable when the camera watched her. 4．Jack liked the camera because he and his friends behaved well after knowing there was a camera around. 5．At last, Jack’s parents took the camera away. A （2025·北京·中考真题） People are talking a lot about artificial intelligence (AI), viewing it as a force that could reshape how society works. But there is something important missing from this discussion. It isn’t enough to ask how it will change us. We also need to understand how we shape AI and what it can tell us about ourselves. Every AI model we develop mirrors our rules and expresses our beliefs. A few years ago, while looking for new workers, a famous company gave up an AI-powered tool after finding it unfavorable to women. The AI was not designed to behave this way, instead, it was influenced by the historical data (数据) favoring men. Similarly, a recent study found that lending algorithms (算法) often offer less favorable terms to colored people, worsening long-standing unfairness in money-lending business. In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present. These reflections (反映) give us an important chance to take a close look at ourselves. By making these problems seen and more pressing, AI challenges us to recognize and address what causes algorithmic bias. As AI continues to develop, we must ask ourselves how we as average people want to shape its role in society. We should not only improve AI models, but also make sure that AI is developed and used responsibly. A number of companies are already taking action. They are judging the data, rules, and beliefs that shape the behavior of AI models. Still, we cannot expect the companies to do all the work. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the footprints of ourselves we leave in the world. I may value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to visit a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgment of what I really want and what is good for me. If I want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am indirectly training AI models about the true nature of humanity. As AI becomes more powerful, we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge. Recognizing this allows us to make better decisions, but only when we are prepared to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. 1．Why does the writer introduce the two examples in Paragraph 2? A．To suggest a solution. B．To stress a difference. C．To challenge a practice. D．To support a viewpoint. 2．What does the word “diverge” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Improve. B．Appear. C．Separate. D．Repeat. 3．According to the passage, what is a good example of shaping AI responsibility? A．Guarding one’s privacy against AI models. B．Being mindful of our feeds into AI models. C．Training algorithms to favor the latest data. D．Designing algorithms to deal with unfairness. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．AI Isn’t the Problem; We Are B．AI: A Tool to Reshape Our Society C．More Open algorithms for Better AI? D．Building Trust in Human-AI Relationships B （2025·山东泰安·中考真题） Nowadays, some companies around the world are now offering humanoid (human-like) robots. They are being designed (设计) to look as human as possible. These products of technology are at the center of a debate (辩论): Should they be made to look like humans or just like what they are machines? Robots are playing an increasingly bigger role in our lives. In some countries, robots have been entertaining kids and helping the elderly. Some experts say robots will be more effective at such jobs if they look like humans. Research has shown that people feel closer to human-like robots. Also, human-like robots suit environments that are designed for humans. After all, the world is full of stairs (楼梯), hallways, shelves at shoulder height and sightlines at eye level. But other experts say robots don’t need to look like humans. Humanoid robots also have disadvantages. If robots look like us, we may expect them to act like us. However, they may make us disappointed because they can’t always do that yet. For example, they can’t laugh at the right moments during a conversation. Many people also find human-like robots scary. I think the human body is not the best design for many of the jobs we want robots to do. Just think of small, flat robot vacuums (真空吸尘器). They can go under a sofa to pick up the dust balls. Can human-like robots also do this? Even if robots can be made into humanlike ones, why do we limit (限定) them to two legs and two arms? Why not four and six so they can pick up the elderly or sick people comfortably? And that super intelligent AI almost certainly wouldn’t pick one body design to carry its mind around in. Why limit computational capacity (算力) to what fits inside a single head? What’s your opinion about robots’ shapes? 1．According to the second paragraph, the reasons why robots should be designed to look like humans include ________. ①People feel closer to humanoid robots. ②Robots are widely used in the industrial field. ③Humanoid robots can serve the people effectively. ④Humanoid robots can suit human environments. A．①②④ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②③ 2．Other experts don’t agree that robots are designed to look like humans because humanoid robots ________. A．cost a lot B．can’t cry or laugh C．can’t have conversations with humans D．can’t always behave like us as we expect 3．What’s the writer’s opinion according to the fourth paragraph? A．Robots can’t be made to look like humans. B．Humanoid design is still the best choice for robots. C．A robot should be designed with more arms, legs and heads. D．The design of a robot’s shape should depend on its use. 4．What’s the best title of this passage? A．The Development of Humanoid Robots B．A Debate about Improving the Services of Robots C．Should Robots Look like Humans? D．Different Robots, Different Services C （2025·天津·中考真题） There are many kinds of work. People do different things in their work. We talked to three young people about their careers (职业). Read about them. Jane, 22: I’m a travel agent (代理人). I plan vacations for different kinds of people. I need to buy plane tickets, book hotel rooms and make travel plans. I pay attention to the needs of my customers and help solve their travel problems. I really like the working hours from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm every day. And I can buy plane tickets at very low prices. Grace, 24: I sell electronics (电子产品) in a store. I help people make decisions about choosing and buying electronics. I need to know clearly about the information of each product in our store. I’m a fan of technology, so I think it’s always interesting to learn about new electronics. Sometimes I have to work late at night, but I still enjoy my work. And they pay me very well. Mike, 25: I’m a website designer (设计师). I make websites for different companies. To make a website for a company, I learn about the company and its needs first. I write down some ideas. After that, I talk to people at the company again to improve my design. Then I complete the website. I like to create new things. I feel so happy when I see the results of my work. Also, I work on my computer at home. This means I can decide my own working hours and have more time with my family. 1．What does Jane do for different kinds of people? A．She repairs computers. B．She plans vacations. C．She writes books. D．She does housework 2．What is always interesting for Grace? A．To work very late at night. B．To learn about new electronics C．To have more time with her family. D．To help people solve travel problems. 3．What is the right order for Mike to make a website for a company? a. Write down some ideas          b. Finish making the website. c. Learn about the company and its needs.     d. Communicate with people at the company again. A．a-b-c-d B．a-c-d-b C．c-b-a-d D．c-a-d-b 4．We can learn from the passage that the three young people all ________. A．sell electronics B．make little money C．enjoy their work D．create new technology 5．This passage mainly helps people ________. A．decide their working hours B．learn about different work C．find a company to work for D．become fans of technology D （2025·湖南长沙·中考真题） One morning, I stopped at my favorite restaurant to get something to eat and got comfortable at a small table. Shortly after, I noticed four young people sitting at a table near me. After simply greeting each other and ordering, they all looked at their phones and continued to do so until their orders arrived. After photographing their food, they ate, continuing to look at their phones. I was wondering why they came here to eat together. They were phubbing, or phone snubbing (冷落), a very common problem these days. You may not know the word “phubbing”, but this kind of act is not strange to you. In fact, 32% of people report that they are phubbed two or three times a day. Do you have a conversation on your phone while talking to another person face to face? Do you scroll (上下滑动) through your phone while eating with someone for fear of missing out? If your answer is yes to either of them, you might be a “phubber”. The writer of The Psychology of Phubbing did a survey and found that the influence of phubbing on relationships can be very harmful or destructive. For example, children felt that parents who phubbed them didn’t care about them. This led to a feeling of being left out. Also, partners who were phubbed might be less satisfied with the relationship because of jealousy (嫉妒) and worries. Phubbing is a learned act, so unlearning it is possible. Start by accepting the problem. Set a time limit (限制) for not using your phone. Create areas where phones are off-limits. Don’t let the modern technology which is designed (设计) to bring people together separate you from others. 1．What did the four young people keep doing before their orders arrived? A．Greeting each other. B．Looking at their phones. C．Photographing their food. 2．How does the writer introduce the word “phubber” in Paragraph 3? A．By raising questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving reasons. 3．What does the underlined word “destructive” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．微乎其微的 B．积极正向的 C．有破坏性的 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To warn people against phubbing. B．To show how phones bring people closer. C．To present the advantages of modern technology. A （2025·陕西商洛·模拟预测） Many students today learn programming. However, some students are still not sure whether they should choose to learn programming or not. Then, what do students and teachers think? I studied C++ for several years when I was in primary school and stopped later because I found it too hard. It takes high math skills. Now I have changed to learn Mathematical Olympiad (奥数) problems. I find that what I’ve learned in programming can help me with it. It also helps me with learning math at school. But programming is not for everyone. If you find it too hard at some point, there is no need to push yourself. —Qiu Wenjun, 14, Nanjing No.29 High School I have taught programming for three years in high school. Many parents are worried about how much time it will take up and whether it’s going to help students with the gaokao or not. I’m always honest with them: Using it to help in the gookao is quite hard unless the student is talented and has been trained before. However, learning as a hobby also works as it trains you to have a scientific way of thinking. —Gao Dadong, Taiyuan No.5 Middle School 1．The function of Paragraph 1 is to ________. A．share a story B．introduce a subject C．lead into the topic D．describe a new study 2．How did Qiu Wenjun like C++? A．Difficult. B．Simple. C．Boring. D．Useless. 3．What can we know about Gao Dadong? A．He has taught programming for five years in a high school. B．He thinks students can treat learning programming as a hobby. C．He is an excellent math teacher at Nanjing No.29 High School. D．He thinks learning programming can help all the students in the gaokao. B （2025·浙江绍兴·三模） Meat can be tasty. It is often good for us and it has been part of our meals for long. However, some organizations, like the Soil Association, say meat should not be eaten every day, especially in schools. This is because farming animals for meat can be bad for the environment and lead to climate (气候) change. The Soil Association wants schools to have more plant-based meal choices that do not cause environmental problems. The Government already advises that schools have one no-meat day each week, but not all schools follow this advice. So what do you think? Yes! It’s important to have no-meat days Everyone needs to do their bit to help the planet, and eating less meat is a good start. Although meat can be healthy and is good for us in the right amounts, eating it every day means a lot of animals have to be farmed. This uses up valuable things such as water and land. The animals themselves add to climate change by producing methane (甲烷). Besides, it’s not necessary to eat meat every day. There are many ways to get the nourishment (营养) to be healthy. We could eat foods like beans, nuts, potatoes and so on. What’s more, eating more plant-based foods will lower the pressure on the problem of being overweight among students. No! ▲ Students should be able to decide what they eat—it’s a personal choice. Some students, for example, might eat a little bit of meat each day, but less overall. Besides, meat is full of nourishment needed for growth. If schools don’t serve meat, they might choose junk food instead. It’s right to tell and educate young people about climate change and the results of the farming industry, but they should be encouraged to change their eating habits rather than being told that they have to. Making people change their habits doesn’t always mean people can change their minds. 1．According to the text, what does the Soil Association advise schools to do? A．Stop all meat meals. B．Increase junk food choices. C．Serve meat every day. D．Offer more plant-based meals. 2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Eating much meat. B．Farming lots of animals. C．Having one no-meat day. D．Eating more plant-based foods. 3．Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in “ ▲ ” in the passage? A．It’s up to the students to make the decision. B．Students should avoid eating junk food. C．It’s necessary to change students’ eating habits. D．Students should eat a little bit of meat every day. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To encourage schools to serve more meat. B．To explain why meat is unhealthy for students. C．To discuss whether schools should have no-meat days. D．To question the government’s advice on school meals. C （2025·广东深圳·模拟预测） “Look in my eyes! Tell me why?” Have you found yourself listening to “ancient people” online recently? Creative vloggers are using AI technology to bring famous people from history, like Tang Dynasty poets Li Bai and Du Fu, “back to life”. These AI-produced videos have become very popular, showing these historical people speaking in modern language. In one video, Du Fu talks about his experiences while Ming Dynasty medical expert Li Shizhen jokes about modern life. “The videos let me learn more about important ancient people, such as Wen Zhengming and Tang Bohu. I didn’t know much about their stories before,” said Wang Jiayi, 15, from Shandong. These kinds of videos also make people more excited to learn about history and culture. A Douyin user from Guangdong shared her changing feeling in a message under one of the videos: “I used to be totally uninterested in history, but now I sometimes even go to the library to search for more information when some topics really attract me.” However, not everyone enjoys the popular style. Some people feel annoyed by the way these characters speak in loud voices and always ask questions. “They’re different from how they really were,” explained 14-year-old Wang Shuotong from Jiangsu. “For example, Wen Zhengming was a polite and modest (谦逊的) artist in history. So I think the video harms his appearance in a way.” Xia Boen, 14, from Hubei, felt the same way. However, Xia admitted that the strong speaking style in the videos helped him remember almost everything they said about their experiences and achievements. These videos use a more modern way to let ancient people speak for themselves. However, we should be careful with these videos, making sure they tell the truth and aren’t just for fun. 1．What kind of technology do creative vloggers use to recreate ancient people? A．AR technology. B．AI technology. C．VR technology. D．3D printing technology. 2．What did the Douyin user from Guangdong do after watching the new kind of history videos? A．She visited the library to look for more ideas sometimes. B．She started to share her own historical experiences online. C．She began to teach history to other people through the new way. D．She always used the new technology to make her own history videos. 3．What is the main purpose of the third paragraph? A．To show the popularity of the new kind of history videos. B．To give different opinions about the new kind of history videos. C．To introduce new ancient figures in the new kind of history videos. D．To explain how the new technology works in making history videos. 4．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the new kind of history videos in this passage? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Balanced. D．Uninterested. 5．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． D （2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测） 阅读短文，判断各个小题正、误。正确的写A，错误的写B。 “The grass looks greener on the other side of the fence.” That’s an old saying in English. It means that other places often look better, more interesting than the place where you live. Some people worry that young Chinese are beginning to feel that way. They see young Chinese ignoring (忽视) Chinese culture and, instead, buying Japanese cartoon books, watching Korean soap operas and ever celebrating western holidays. Foreign books and soap operas are good, but Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can never have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has and the West has nothing to compare with Mid-autumn Festival. And let’s not forget the part of Chinese culture I like best: its friendliness (友好). Not all countries are as warm as China. It’s good to enjoy other cultures and to learn from them, but they can never replace your own culture. It’s good to look on the other side of the fence, but make sure you take a good long look. You will find that the grass isn’t always greener on the other side of the fence. 1．The saying means the place where you live looks better than other places. 2．Some people worry that young Chinese ignore Chinese culture. 3．The Spring Festival is more meaningful for Chinese people. 4．Foreign culture can’t replace Chinese culture. 5．This passage mentioned three Chinese festivals. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$