2026届高三英语上学期阅读完形专项训练24

2026届高三英语 2026届高三英语 ( English Assignment ) ( 高三上 阅读完形专项训练24--科技与探索 ) 第1部分 阅读 第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A(2023北京卷D) What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is. So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’” As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines. Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere. Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable. 1. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is . A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful 2. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged. 3. What can we learn from this passage? A. ALife holds the key to human future. B. ALife and AI share a common feature. C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution. 4. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out? B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too? C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day? D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve Too? B(2023年1月浙江卷C) A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.” What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. 5. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A. To explain the use of a software program. B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 6. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences. 7. What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning. C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words. 8. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. C(2022北京卷D) Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor. For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.” As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum. After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum. The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.” Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson. 9. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________. A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited 10. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing? A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field. C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies. 11. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant. 12. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor? B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology? C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being? D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype? 第二节 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2019全国Ⅰ卷） Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ___36___ According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good. ___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain. Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). ___38___ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ___39___ It gives us a great feeling of peace. ___40___While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D . To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D . A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for? C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 第二部分 语言运用 第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项（2021 06天津卷） My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely ____13____ . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother ____14____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born ____15____ who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't ____16____. I didn't ____17____ having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. ____18____, I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be ____19____ for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough ____20____ my noisy singing. So space to practise became a（n）____21____ between us because we shared a room. At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I _____22_____ to learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and _____23_____ practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother _____24_____ quiet when I got home. After two days of this, my brother asked me to _____25_____ him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability to manage this song _____26_____,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new _____27_____. I kept trying at the song, no longer getting _____28_____ at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to _____29_____ power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything _____30_____ the first time and that good things come with continual _____31_____.I now understand why my brother favours the _____32_____. 13. A. mature B. different C. content D. normal 14. A. disliked B. preferred C. replaced D. abandoned 15. A. writer B. leader C. painter D. performer 16. A. get along B. drop by C. show off D. check in 17. A. try B. mind C. enjoy D. delay 18. A. In particular B. In vain C. In return D. In theory 19. A. humorous B. ordinary C. competitive D. grateful 20. A. above B. below C. near D. without 21. A. issue B. contrast C. agreement D. balance 22. A. struggled B. expected C. promised D. decided 23. A. began B. allowed C. stopped D. continued 24. A. hated B. experienced C. accepted D. wanted 25. A. help B. invite C. join D. admire 26. A. gracefully B. suddenly C. fiercely D. cautiously 27. A. limit B. sentence C. mistake D. philosophy 28. A. rude B. angry C. surprised D. excited 29. A. lose B. share C. reduce D. maintain 30. A. wrong B. right C. back D. down 31. A. luck B. absence C. effort D. fear 32. A. fight B. noise C. quiet D. safety 第二节阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019新课标全国Ⅰ卷） The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ___56___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___57___(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods ___58___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___59___(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ___60___(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___61___(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___62___(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___63___(high) than they actually are. Of ___64___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ____65____(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 高三上 阅读完形专项训练24--生态环保 答案 A(2023北京卷D篇) 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D B(2023 1月浙江卷C) 【答案】5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A C(2022北京卷D) 【答案】9. A 10. C 11. A 12. D (2019全国Ⅰ卷) 【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. D 2021年6月天津卷 【答案】13. B 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. C (2019 全国新课标Ⅰ卷） 【答案】56. that 57. poorly 58. of/for 59. to perform 60. have reported 61. belief 62. noting 63. higher 64. the 65. are 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$