高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)Lesson 16 词汇 G讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2025-08-23
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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义) Lesson 16 词汇 G gain; get; win; earn; obtain 【词义辨析】 这组词都有“获得,得到,赢得”的意思。 1 gain指获得有用或者必需的东西,侧重指经过努力或有意识的行动而取得某种成就,或获得某种利益、好处。 He soon gained strength again after illness. (他病后很快又恢复了体力。) She gained some experience in this training. (在这次培训中,她获得了一些经验。) 2 get最普通,使用最广泛,可指以任何方式得到某物,也不一定要经过努力,用法没有gain正式。 She got nothing but trouble for her efforts. (她的努力不但徒劳无功,反而惹来一身麻烦。) He got high marks in maths and science. (他在数学和自然科学两门功课上得了高分。) 3 win指在竞赛、游戏、选举中获胜、得奖或赢,主要指通过努力、斗争、比赛等而获得胜利。 If I win a lot of money, I'll travel round the world. (如果我赢得很多钱,我要去周游世界。) The young player won the game. (那个年轻人获得了比赛的胜利。) 4 earn指通过工作挣钱、赢得或获得应得之物,侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价与有功劳而获得。 His achievements earned him respect and admiration. (他的成就为他赢得别人的尊敬和赞美。) He earns his living by selling vegetables in a market. (他在市场卖菜以维持生计。) 5 obtain多用于正式场合,包含着“努力,希望”或“决意”去获得某物的意思,着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。 The custom still obtains in some areas. (某些地区仍保留着这一习俗。) Knowledge can be obtained through study. (知识可由学习获得。) game; match; race; sport 【词义辨析】 四者都有“比赛”的意思。 1 game的意思是“游戏,比赛”,指有一定规则的游戏或运动,且以输赢为主要目的,game还可指大型的国际体育运动会、比赛。 We lost the first game. (第一场比赛,我们失败了。) Nanjing won the hosting right for 2014 Youth Olympic Games. (南京获得了2014年青年奥运会的举办权。) 2 match的意思是“竞赛,比赛”,一般指竞技比赛,如较正式的球类比赛(网球、高尔夫球、拳击)等。 There will be a football match this afternoon. (今天下午将有一场足球比赛。) Who won the tennis match? (谁赢了那场网球比赛?) 3 race多指田径类的比赛以及赛跑、赛马、赛车等。 They were strong and won the boat race. (他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛。) I won the second place in the race. (我在比赛中获得了亚军。) 4 sport概念较广,可指各种运动或户外游戏,多限于体力锻炼,不以输赢为主要目的。 I think football is an exciting sport. (我认为足球是一种刺激的运动。) The school sports meeting will be held next week. (学校运动会将于下个星期举行。) gaze; glare; look; stare 【词义辨析】 四者都有“看”的意思。 1 gaze意思为“凝视,盯着看”,一般指由于惊讶、好奇、喜悦或感兴趣而目不转睛地看,常用词组为gaze at。 She gazed at guests in disbelief. (她用怀疑的目光盯着客人。) After gazing at the display for several minutes, the old man went back into his shop. (老人对陈列品凝视了几分钟之后,便回他店里去了。) 2 glare意思是“瞪眼,怒视”,多指由于嫉妒、恐惧、惊讶或愚蠢而用恐吓、凶狠或愤怒的眼光看,常用词组为glare at。 The two dogs stood there glaring at each other. (这两条狗站在那里怒目相视。) The old gentleman just stood there glaring at the thief and did not say a word. (这位老先生只是站在那里对那个贼怒目而视,一个字也没有说。) 3 look意思是“看,瞧”,指有意识地使用眼睛或视力,常用词组为look at。 She looked at the wall but she couldn't see any words on it. (她看着墙,但看不见一个字。) He is looking at the stranger. (他正盯着这个陌生人看。) 4 stare意思是“盯着看”,常指睁大眼睛、目不转睛地看。 He sat staring at the floor thinking. (他坐着,一边凝视着地板,一边思考。) He stared at me and tried to remember who I was. (他盯着我看,试图记起我是谁。) genius; gift; talent 【词义辨析】 三者都有“天才”的意思,但用法不一样。 1 genius意思是“天才”,是这三个词当中语气最强烈的一个,它是指天生就具有超人的才能、非凡的想象力和创造力。 Li Bai was a great genius. (李白是个伟大的天才。) He's a genius at mathematics. (他是个数学天才。) 2 gift意思是“天赋”,可用复数,指在某一方面有比较特殊的才能。 My father is a man of many gifts. (我爸爸是个多才多艺的人。) She has a gift for music. (她有音乐天赋。) 3 talent意思是“才能”,一般不用复数,指通过后天的努力而获得的“才能”。 As a novelist, he shows great talent in characterization. (作为小说家,他在描写人物方面显示出很强的功力。) He showed great talent in literature. (他显示出超群的文学才能。) get along; get along with 【词义辨析】 1 get along意思为“进展,进行,融洽相处,生活下去”,与get along意思相似的词组是get on。get along后面不能带宾语,但可以加副词。 How is everything getting along? (情况怎么样?) The project is getting along much better now. (这项工程现在进展得好多了。) He managed to get along without much money. (他设法不用多少钱就对付过去。) 2 get along with后接sb.意思为“与……相处,与……和睦相处”; get along with后接sth.意思为“继续做……”。 She gets along with her classmates very well. (她与她的同学们相处得很好。) How are the builders getting along with your new house? (建筑工人把你的新房盖得如何了?) get ready; prepare; prepare for 【词义辨析】 三者都有“准备”的意思,但是具体含义和用法有所区别。 1 get ready的意思是“准备好”,着重指准备的结果,常用的词组为get ready for,意思是“准备好做某事”。 We're getting ready for the sports meeting. (我们正在为运动会作准备。) The team is getting ready to swim. (这个团队正准备游泳。) 2 prepare为“准备”之意。prepare sth.意为“准备某事”,强调准备的过程或动作,宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者。prepare for sth.意为“为……作好准备”。 I prepared my lessons while my father was preparing supper. (我正在准备功课,爸爸在做晚饭。) She prepared food for her uncle. (她为叔叔准备食物。) 3 prepare for是“为……作准备”的意思,for后面的宾语是准备的目的。 The students are preparing for the final exam. (学生们在为期末考试作准备。) Will you help me prepare for the get-together of the old classmates? (你能否帮我为这次老同学聚会作些准备工作?) get sb. to do; make sb. do 【词义辨析】 两者都有“使某人做某事”的意思。 1 get后的不定式要带to。 I'll get him to answer the question. (我要让他回答这个问题。) You will never get me to leave the city. (你休想让我离开这个城市。) 2 make后的不定式不带to。 The teacher made him recite the text. (老师让他背诵课文。) The bad news made him cry. (这个坏消息让他流泪。) give; present; send; offer 【词义辨析】 这四个词都可以表示“送,给”的意思。 1 give含义最广,也最常用,意思为“给”。 Give the eggs to the patients. (把这些鸡蛋送给那些病人。) Give him the book. (把书给他。) 2 present表示“赠送”,尤其指在某种仪式上颁发、授予。 They presented a cup to him for his achievement in the field of literature. (他们向他颁发了一个奖杯以表彰他在文学领域取得的成就。) They presented flowers to their teacher. (他们给老师献花。) 3 send意思为“寄送,发送”。 Send him the book. (把书寄给他。) I send a hundred yuan to the old man every month. (我每个月都要给那个老人寄100元钱。) He sent a gift to his girlfriend. (他给女朋友寄了一个礼物。) 4 offer意思为“提供”,通常表示主动给别人,让别人选择要不要。 They offered some rice and vegetables for the homeless people. (他们为那些无家可归的人提供了一些大米和蔬菜。) The committee offered him a job, but he didn't accept it. (委员会为他提供了一个工作岗位,但他没有接受。) give in; give up 【词义辨析】 1 give in是被迫“屈服,放弃,让步”的意思,后面一般不可直接跟宾语。 His mother gave in and bought him a new computer. (他母亲拗不过他,只得给他买了一台新电脑。) He always gives in to his leaders and does whatever they tell him to do. (他总是向领导们妥协,做他们让他做的任何事情。) 2 give up 一般是主动“放弃,让步”的意思,其后一般接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 They decided to give up joining the club. (他们决定放弃参加俱乐部。) We had to give up the castle to the enemy. (我们只得把城堡拱手让给了敌人。) 注意 give up和give in都有“投降”的意思。 Three of our officers gave themselves up to the enemy. (我方的三名军官向敌人投降了。) He can't continue fighting. He will soon give in. (他无法继续战斗了,很快将投降。) give off; give out; send out 【词义辨析】 1 give off 的意思是“释放,散发出”,一般指放出光、烟、气味等。 The box is giving off a strange smell. (盒子里正散发出一种怪味。) The fire is giving off a lot of smoke. (这堆火正在冒浓烟。) 2 give out 的意思是“发出,放出”,指发出声音、光线、气味等。还可指“分发,发布,用完,消耗尽”的意思。 This device gives out flashes of light in the fog. (这个装置在雾中会发出光。) The students are giving out leaflets. (学生们正在分发传单。) 3 send out意思为“发出,派遣”,一般指发出信号等。 A soldier is sending out a signal to the front line. (一名战士正在向前线发射信号。) The ship sent out a message for help. (这艘船发出了求救信号。) glad; happy; pleasant; pleased 【词义辨析】 四个词都有“高兴的”意思。 1 glad意思为“高兴的,乐意的”,指一时短暂的强烈喜悦,只能用于人。它只能作表语,不作定语。 We're glad that you have passed the exam. (我们很高兴你通过了考试。) I'm glad that you have made some progress in reading. (我很高兴看到你在阅读方面取得了一些进步。) 2 happy意思为“幸福的,高兴的”,包含着一种强烈的满足感,可用于人或事物,可作定语及表语。 We are so happy that you could send us so many books. (很高兴你能寄这么多书给我们。) This is a happy tour. (这是一趟快乐的旅程。) 3 pleasant意思为“令人愉快的,舒适的”,一般只作定语。 We spent a pleasant day in the country. (我们在乡下度过了愉快的一天。) This is a pleasant journey. (这是一趟令人愉快的旅行。) 4 pleased意思为“喜悦的,满足的”,指持续时间较长的喜悦,只能用于人,一般只作表语。 My father was pleased with my full mark in English. (我英语得了满分,爸爸很高兴。) I'm pleased to inform you that you are employed by our company. (我很高兴地通知你,你被我们公司聘用了。) go for a holiday; go on holiday; take a holiday; have a holiday; (be)on holiday 【词义辨析】 这几个词组都有“度假,休假”的意思,意思比较接近,有时可以互换。 1 go for a holiday的意思是“去度假”,一般表示打算去度假。 They are going for a month's holiday in Dalian. (他们打算去大连度假一个月。) It's said that our coach has gone to Greek for holidays. (据说,我们的教练到希腊去度假了。) 2 go on holiday是“去度假,去休假”的意思,一般表示状态,指正在度假中。 Where shall we go on holiday? (我们要到哪里度假啊?) They all went on holiday last week. (上周他们都去度假了。) 3 take a holiday和have a holiday都表示“休假,度假”的意思。 I'd like to take a holiday with you, but I can't because of business. (我很想和你们一起去度假,但我事务缠身,不能如愿。) I hope to have a holiday in Tokyo this year. (我希望今年去东京度假。) I recommend you to take a holiday. (我劝你休假吧。) 4 (be) on holiday表示“在休假(中),在度假(中)”。 Our teacher is on holiday now. (我们的老师正在休假。) Sanya is a perfect place to be on holiday. (三亚是一个度假的理想去处。) go on doing sth.; go on to do sth.; go on with sth. 【词义辨析】 三者意思比较接近,但是具体含义有区别。 1 go on doing sth. 意思是“继续做某事”,表示继续或不间断地做同一件事情。 He went on smoking. (他继续抽烟。) The students went on talking and laughing all the way. (一路上,学生们一直有说有笑。) Though it was eight o'clock, they went on working. (虽然已经8点了,但他们还继续工作着。) 2 go on to do sth.意思是“继续做某事”,表示做完一件事后继续做另一件事。 We will go on to play basketball after the meeting is over. (会议结束后,我们将继续打篮球。) After he cleaned the windows, he went on to wash the clothes. (擦完窗户后,他接着洗衣服。) 3 go on with sth. 意思是“接着做某事”,表示一度中止后再继续做某事。 We'll go on with our work after breakfast. (早餐后我们将继续工作。) After a rest,we went on with our lesson. (休息以后,我们继续上课。) 【正误比较】 写完作业后他又继续读课文。 【错误】 After finishing his homework, he went on reading the text. 【正确】 After finishing his homework, he went on to read the text. go on strike; be on strike 【词义辨析】 1 go on strike的意思是“举行罢工”,一般强调罢工的动作。 The oil workers went on strike for the political rights. (石油工人们为争取政治权利而罢工。) The bus drivers went on strike. (公共汽车司机们举行罢工。) 2 be on strike是“在罢工”的意思,一般强调处于罢工的状态。 The taxi drivers in France have been on strike for several months. (法国的出租车司机已经罢工好几个月了。) We can't find any doctors in the hospital; they are on strike in the street. (医院里找不到一个医生,他们都在街上参加罢工。) go to bed; go to sleep; fall asleep 【词义辨析】 1 go to bed意思是“去睡觉”,指上床去睡觉,但并不意味着已经睡着。 You'd better go to bed now because youll have to get up earlier tomorrow morning. (你最好现在就寝,因为你明早要早起。) My son usually goes to bed at ten. (我儿子通常10点钟上床睡觉。) 2 go to sleep意思是“正在入睡”,一般指躺在床上还没睡着。 Last night I was too excited to go to sleep. (昨晚我激动得不能入睡。) He went to sleep at two this morning!(今天凌晨两点他才睡着。) 3 fall asleep意思是“入睡”,表示已经睡着了。 The baby fell asleep as soon as he lay down. (婴儿一躺下就睡着了。) I couldn't fall asleep last night because I got a bad cold. (我昨晚没有睡着,因为我感冒了。) gold; golden; gilded 【词义辨析】 1 gold作形容词时,表示某物是“金制的”,是真金制品。 All that glitters is not gold. (发光的未必都是金子。) I bought three gold coins yesterday. (昨天我买了三枚金币。) The Chinese team got 51 gold medals in Beijing Olympic Games. (在北京奥运会上,中国队获得了51枚金牌。) 2 golden是“金色的,金子般的”意思,表示某物在外表或色彩上像金子,其实不是由金子制作的。 You have a golden opportunity to travel and learn. (你有一个旅游和学习的绝好机会。) The French girl has bright golden hair. (那个法国女孩有一头明亮的金发。) 3 gilded是“镀金的”意思,指某一物品外表被镀上了一层金箔,物品的里面是非金子材料。 They put four gilded chairs and two tables in the hall. (他们在大厅里放了4张镀金椅子和2张桌子。) These medals are gilded with at least 5g of pure gold. (这些奖牌至少被镀上了5克纯金。) govern; rule; control 【词义辨析】 三者都可表示“统治”,但用法有别。 1 govern表示通过政权、宪法或者其他形式进行“管理”,含有褒义。 They demand the right to govern themselves. (他们要求自治权。) 2 rule意思为“统治”,侧重某人有制定法律、发号施令、强迫使他人服从的最高或绝对的权力,含有贬义。 The invaders ruled the land with a stern discipline. (侵略者用严格的纪律统治着这片土地。) Don't be ruled by hatred. (不要被仇恨所支配。) The tyrant ruled the country for 20 years. (这位暴君统治了这个国家20年。) 3 control指通过权力或影响加以监督和控制,也常指控制自己的情绪或操纵机器等。 The British government at that time controlled the island. (当时英国政府控制该岛。) She is skillful enough to control the machine now. (现在她已有了足够的技术可以操纵这台机器了。) grab; rob; steal 【词义辨析】 三者都与“偷,抢”有关,但是用法不一样。 1 grab意思是“攫取,抢夺,夺取”,常指一把揽过来的意思,体现抓或夺取的动作很快、很粗暴。 The thief grabbed the bag on the table and ran away. (小偷抓起桌上的包就跑了。) He grabbed my necklace. (他抢了我的项链。) 2 rob的意思是“抢劫,掠夺”,指用暴力手段强取别人的东西,性质比较恶劣。 The criminal robbed the businessman of 5,000 yuan. (这名罪犯抢劫了商人5000元。) The supermarket was robbed last night. (这家超市昨夜遭到了抢劫。) 3 steal意思为“偷,窃取”,其宾语是被偷的东西,还可用被动语态。 Some cars were stolen from the factory last night. (昨晚这个工厂的一些车辆被盗了。) He stole a bike from a shop. (他从商店里偷了一辆自行车。) grand; great 【词义辨析】 两者都和“大”有关系,但用法有区别。 1 grand意思为“盛大的,豪华的,重大的”,一般用于典礼、开幕式或阅兵等重大活动,形容场面盛大、有气派。 A grand ceremony was held at Tian’anmen Square to celebrate the 61st anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. (为庆祝中华人民共和国成立61周年,天安门广场举行了盛大的仪式。) We had a grand view of a sea of clouds when we climbed to the top of the mountain. (当我们爬上了山巅时,我们看到了云海的壮观景象。) 2 great为普通用词,可指具体东西的“大”,但更常指事物的重要,人的行为、品格的伟大等,带一定的感情色彩。 There is a great tree in front of our house. (我们的屋前有棵大树。) Lu Xun is a great writer and revolutionist. (鲁迅是一位伟大的作家和革命家。) grow; plant; raise 【词义辨析】 三者都有“种植”的意思,但其含义和用法不同。 1 grow着重指种植以后的栽培、管理过程。 The farmers grew wheat and corn in this field. (农民们在这块田里种植了小麦和玉米。) He grows many kinds of flowers in his back garden. (他在后花园里种了各种各样的花。) 2 plant着重指“种植”这一行为,隐含着只负责种但不一定负责后期管理的意思。 How many trees have you planted this year? (你们今年植了多少棵树?) Have you planted any vegetables yet? (你种蔬菜了吗?) 3 raise做“种植”之意时,通常指培养花卉以及较难管理的植物,强调从小精心培养到大。raise还可以表示“养育(子女)”等。 We raised silkworms to get silk. (我们养蚕以获取丝绸。) He has a large family to raise. (他要养活一大家子人。) 【正误比较】 那位农民在这块田里种植水稻。 【错误】 The farmer plants rice in this field. 【正确】 The farmer grows rice in this field. grow into; grow up 【词义辨析】 1 grow into是“长成,发展成”的意思,强调生长的结果。 The school has grown into a comprehensive university. (这所学校已经变成一所综合性大学了。) The girl has grown into a beautiful young maid. (这个女孩已经长成一个美丽的少女。) 2 grow up是“成长,向上生长,崛起”的意思。 I want to be a geologist when I grow up. (我长大想当一名地质学家。) Children must study hard to serve their country when they grow up. (为长大后报效祖国,孩子们要努力学习。) ground; earth; land; mud; soil 【词义辨析】 1 ground意思为“地面,土地”,通常指大地的表面,也可指土壤、泥土或场地。 The teacher and the students are sitting on the ground. (老师与学生们都坐在地上。) Snow covers the ground. (雪覆盖着地面。) 2 earth多指地表带有水分的泥土,较具体。 The man-made satellite burst and fell to earth. (人造卫星燃烧后落到地上。) The man put a handful of earth into a plastic bag. (那个人将一把泥土放进塑料袋里。) 3 land意思为“国土,陆地”,通常指与河流、海洋相对的陆地,也指可耕种的土地。 The new land was quickly populated by the new settlers. (这块处女地很快被新来的移民居住上了。) Land values are becoming higher and higher with the rising of house price. (随着房价的上涨,土地的价值变得越来越高。) 4 mud意思为“泥浆”,多指湿土,特别是雨后的稀泥。 Our car got stuck in the mud. (我们的车陷在泥里了。) Her shoes were covered with mud. (她的鞋沾满泥浆。) 5 soil意思为“土壤”,特指适宜栽种农作物或生长各种植物的泥土。 This soil is very sandy. (这种土壤含沙很多。) Plants grow well in good soil. (植物在肥沃的土壤里生长得旺盛。) 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)Lesson 16 词汇 G讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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