内容正文:
高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 12 词汇 E1
everyone; every one
【词义辨析】
1 everyone一般用来指人,等于everybody,强调整体,在它后面不能跟介词of。
Everyone in the hall gave a warm applause. (大厅里所有的人都报以热烈的掌声。)
Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting. (既然所有的人都来了,我们就开始开会。)
2 every one是个词组,既可用来指人,也可用来指物,后面可跟介词of。
Every one of us has the right to vote. (我们每个人都有选举权。)
He checked every one of the dogs. (他给每条狗都做了检查。)
evidence; proof
【词义辨析】
1 evidence是一般用语,在法律上指能起证明作用的东西,在生活中指可证明某事真实性的东西。
There is no evidence to support the criminal. (罪犯提供不了证据。)
The witness gave clear evidence on the trial. (证人在审判中提供了清楚的证据。)
2 proof指足以直接证明某事的依据,侧重作为充分证据所导致的结果。
I have no proof to show that he is a thief. (我没有任何证据证明他是个小偷。)
I can give you more than one proof that it is true. (我可以给你提供不止一个证据来证明那件事是真的。)
each; every
【词义辨析】
两者都有“每个”的意思,但两者含义及语法功能不同。
1 each具有名词、代词和形容词的功能,而every只有形容词的功能。
Each has his good point. (每个人都有好主意。)
Each of them has finished the running. (他们各自完成了长跑。)
Every family in this community can get a change to visit Shanghai World Expo. (这个社区的每个家庭都可以获得一次参观上海世博会的机会。)
2 each指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”,多强调个体; every多指三个以上的人或事物,强调全体,和all的意思相近。
He gave each boy a book. (他给了每个孩子一本书。)
Every volunteer was there and each did his work. (每个志愿者都在那儿,各人做各人的工作。)
I enjoy every second of the performance. (演出的每一秒钟我都过得很愉快。)
3 every总是修饰单数名词,后接单数动词。each作为形容词,修饰单数名词,接单数动词;作为代词,单独使用,接单数动词; 放在复数名词和代词后作同位语,接复数动词。each of them后可接单数或复数动词。
Every girl and boy learns well. (每个女孩和男孩都学得很好。)
Each student cries for his death. (每个学生都为他的去世痛哭。)
Each cries for his death. (每人都为他的去世而痛哭。)
Each of them are/is healthy. (他们每个人都很健康。)
4 every可与not 连用表示“不全都是”,而each则不能与not连用,表示 each的否定含义用语是:neither, no one或 not every one。
Not every person drives to work. (并不是每个人都开车上班。)
【正误比较】
这条街上每边都有很多树。
【错误】 There are many trees on every side of the street.
【正确】 There are many trees on each side of the street.
each other; one another
【词义辨析】
两者都有“互相,彼此”的意思,但用法有区别。
1 在传统英语中,一般认为 each other 指两者,one another指三者或三者以上,但在现代英语中,有时可以通用。
They hate each other. (他们彼此憎恨。)
The three old men take care of one another. (这三位老人互相照顾。)
2 两者均有所有格。
They know each other's weak points. (他们都彼此了解对方的弱点。)
They don't know one another's name. (他们彼此不知道对方的名字。)
3 鉴于each other 和 one another均为代词,因此在及物动词之后可直接用作宾语; 而在不及物动词之后,则要借助介词。
We should help each other. (我们应该互相帮助。)
The students come from different countries, they should learn from one another. (学生们来自不同国家,他们应该互相学习。)
注意 each other 可拆开用 (each...the other),而one another则不能。
We helped each other.=We each helped the other. (我们互相帮助。)
eat; eat up
【词义辨析】
两者都有“吃”的意思。
1 eat是普通用词,一般表示平常的吃饭、喝汤等,它既可用作及物也可用作不及物动词。
There is nothing to eat today. (今天没有什么可吃的。)
It is harmful for you to eat too much. (吃得太多对你身体不利。)
2 eat up的意思是“吃完,吃光”。
When I got home this afternoon, I found my children had eaten up all the food. (今天下午到家时,我发现孩子们把所有的食物都吃完了。)
Don't eat up the apples, please leave some for your sister. (不要把苹果吃完,请留些给你姐姐。)
effective; efficient
【词义辨析】
两者都可表示“有效的”。
1 effective的意思是“有效的”,是指某种事物起了作用,产生了效果。
This law document was no longer effective. (这个法律文件已不再有效。)
This is an effective medicine for hair loss. (这是一种治疗脱发的有效药。)
2 efficient的意思是“有效率的,高效率的”,指工作效率高的或能达到预期效果的。
This technician is an efficient worker. (这个技术员是个办事效率高的工人。)
Our efficient new machines are much cheaper to run. (我们新买的高效机器运转消耗要小得多。)
either; neither; none
【词义辨析】
1 either表示肯定的意思,指“(两者中的)任何一个”。
You can choose either of the houses. (你可以选择两座房子中的任何一座。)
Either of the two teachers is kind. (两个老师都很善良。)
There are some trees on either side of the street. (街道的两侧种了一些树。)
2 neither表示否定的意思,指“两者都不”,常跟of连用。
He bought two watches, but neither can make his wife satisfied. (他买了两块手表,却没有一个能让他的妻子满意。)
Neither of the couple liked to talk with their neighbors. (夫妻两个人没有一个人喜欢同邻居讲话。)
Neither of the two boys is smart. (两个男孩都不聪明。)
3 none表示否定的意思,指“(三者或三者以上)都不”,常跟of连用,后接复数名词。
None of the cars is mine. (这些车中没有一辆是我的。)
There are many fishes, but none of them is alive. (这有许多鱼,但没有一条是活的。)
None of them can speak French here. (这里没有人会讲法语。)
either...or...; neither...nor...
【词义辨析】
两者都可以连接两个并列成分,连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。
1 either...or...意思是“或者……或者……,要么……要么……”,表示两者之一,连接句子中两个并列的成分。
When my mother is happy, she either sings or dances. (我妈妈高兴时,不是唱就是跳。)
Either you or I am going to take care of the baby this afternoon. (今天下午,要么你去照顾那个婴儿,要么我去照顾。)
2 neither...nor... 其含义是否定的,意思是“既不……也不……”,可连接任意两个并列成分。
Neither he nor they are clean. (他和他们都不干净。)
Neither he nor I am rich. (他和我都不富裕。)
Neither you nor she is good at singing. (你和她都不擅长唱歌。)
elder; older
【词义辨析】
两者都是old的比较级,但用法有些区别。
1 elder表示“前辈的,年纪较长的”,仅用于同一个家庭的成员; 而older则不然。
His elder daughter lives in America. (他的长女住在美国。)
My son is older than my daughter. (我儿子比女儿大一些。)
2 elder只用于人,而older可用于人或物,用于物时意为“较旧的”。
I am two years older than my sister. (我比我妹妹大两岁。)
My elder brother got married when he was only twenty. (我哥哥二十岁就结了婚。)
This house is older than any other house in this street. (这座房子比这个街道上其他房子都要旧得多。)
3 elder在句中只用作定语,不作表语; older两者皆可。
My elder sister doesn't want to marry. (我的姐姐不想结婚。)
I don't think he is older. (我认为他不老。)
electric; electrical
【词义辨析】
两者都和“电的”有关,但用法有差异。
1 electric含“发电的,用电的”等意思,常用于修饰各种用电的机器或者装置。
Nowadays many people use an air-conditioner instead of an electric fan. (如今,许多人已经用空调取代了电扇。)
You have to use an electric iron to heat the clothes. (你得用一个电熨斗来熨烫衣服。)
Please separate the two electric cables. (请将这两根电缆分开。)
2 electrical是“电学的,与电有关的”意思,主要表示与电有关的或研究电气科学的等。
We used some electrical equipment to repair the damaged railway. (我们使用了一些电气设备来修复被毁的铁路。)
The company sent us an engineer and found the electrical fault. (公司给我们派来了一个工程师,找到了电气故障。)
emotion; feeling
【词义辨析】
1 emotion表示“情感,情绪”,用法比较抽象,为集合名词,一般用来指一瞬间的情感。
I hate this kind of cheap emotion. (我讨厌这种廉价的感情。)
The violin aroused very complicated emotions in her. (小提琴唤起了她极其复杂的感情。)
2 feeling表示“触觉,感觉,知觉”,一般指生理上受到刺激产生的感觉或在主观上对某事作出的强烈反应。
The cold made him lose feeling in his fingers. (他的手指被冻麻了。)
I have a feeling that we are going to be surrounded. (我觉得,我们快要被包围了。)
employ; hire; rent
【词义辨析】
三者都有“租用,雇用”的意思,但用法有些不同。
1 employ是正式用语,意思为“聘用,雇用”,多指公司或比较正式的单位长期雇用人手,被雇用的人工作和收入相对稳定。
He was employed by the government after graduation. (毕业后他受雇于政府。)
This school will employ 10 young teachers. (这所学校将要聘用10位青年教师。)
2 hire是日常用语,表示“租用,雇用”,常指临时租用或雇用人手,一般按工作量计酬。
My son is young; please help me to hire a baby-sitter. (我儿子还小,请帮我雇个保姆。)
They hired a truck to carry these boxes. (他们租用一辆卡车搬运这些箱子。)
She has hired a temporary teacher to teach English. (她雇用了一名临时教师来教她英语。)
3 rent一般不用于人,常指租借房屋、地产。
Unable to afford a flat, the old man has to rent a room. (那位老人买不起一套房子,只好租了一个房间。)
He has to rent a house from his brother. (他不得不从他哥哥那里租了一套房子。)
end; finish; end up
【词义辨析】
三者都有“结束”的意思,可互换。
1 end指事物的结束或终止。
The novel ended with a tragedy. (那本小说以悲剧而结束。)
The actor ended his performance by having sung three songs. (那名演员唱了三首歌才结束了他的演出。)
2 finish一般表示完成被安排的工作,如完成作业等,其后可接动名词或名词等。
I haven't finished my homework. (我还没有做完作业。)
Have you not finished speaking? (你还没讲完吗?)
3 end up指最后有某种结局或最后到达某处。
He ended up (as) the leader of the company. (他最后成为这家公司的老板。)
If you do that, you'll end up with egg on your face. (你要是做了那件事,必将以耻辱告终。)
enjoy; share
【词义辨析】
两者都有“享受,分享”的意思。
1 enjoy常用作及物动词,意思是“喜欢,乐于,享受……的乐趣”,其后可接名词、代词、动名词和反身代词,但后面不能接不定式。
I enjoy listening to light music. (我喜欢听轻音乐。)
Do you enjoy the novel? (你喜欢这部小说吗?)
I enjoyed myself very much at the party. (我在聚会时玩得真开心。)
【正误比较】
她喜欢打篮球。
【错误】 She enjoyed to play basketball.
【正确】 She enjoyed playing basketball.
2 share的意思是“分享,合用”,既可以用作及物动词,又可以用作不及物动词。
All the people living in the flat share the kitchen. (住在这个公寓里的人共用这个厨房。)
She always shares her mother's troubles. (她总是为她妈妈分忧。)
I should share with you in the work. (我应该同你分担这项工作。)
enough to; so…that; too…to
【词义辨析】
1 so...that与enough to的转换
a. 当that引导的从句为肯定句时,若从句主语与主句主语一致时,so...that可转换为enough to结构; 若从句主语与主句主语不一致时,so...that可转换为enough for sb. to结构,须注意不定式的宾语要省略。
My father was so sensitive that he could guess my point of view. (我爸爸很敏感,能够猜出我的意思。)
=My father was sensitive enough to guess my point of view.
The question is so easy that I can work it out. (这道题太容易了,我能做出来。)
=The question is easy enough for me to work out.
b. 当that引导的从句为否定句时,若从句主语与主句主语一致时,so...that可转换为enough to的否定结构; 若从句主语与主句主语不相同时,so...that可转换为enough for sb. to的否定结构,转换后的形容词(副词)要用其相应的反义词。
The baby is so young that he can't take care of himself. (那个婴儿太小了不能照顾自己。)
=The baby isn't old enough to take care of himself.
The stone is so heavy that I can't move it. (这块石头太重,我搬不动。)
=The stone isn't light enough for me to move.
2 so...that与too...to的转换。
当that引导的从句为否定句,且从句主语与主句主语一致时,so...that可转换为too...to结构; 若从句主语与主句主语不一致,so...that可转换为too...for sb. to结构,注意不定式的宾语要省略。
The old woman is so old that she can't hear what I said. (那个老太太年纪太大了,听不到我说的话。)
=The old woman is too old to hear what I said.
I was so tired that I couldn't go on with the work. (我太累了,不能继续这项工作了。)
=I was too tired to go on with the work.
3 enough to的句式为否定式时,enough to可以转换为too...to结构,但转换后的too...to结构中的形容词(副词)要用其相应的反义词。
He is not old enough to get married. (他太年轻了不能结婚。)
=He is too young to get married.
The task is too difficult for me to finish. (这任务对我来说太难了,我完成不了。)
=The task isn't easy enough for me to finish.
entrance of; entrance to
【词义辨析】
两者都可以指“……的入口”,有时可以互换,区别很小。
1 entrance of一般来说多用来指位置,表示“入口”属于该物的组成部分。
The entrance of the hall is on the left. (大厅的入口在左边。)
I met my old classmate at the entrance of the theatre. (我在剧院的门口遇见了我的老同学。)
2 entrance to一般来说多用来指方向,即指“通向”某处。
All entrances to the city are guarded by the police. (进城的所有入口都有警察守卫。)
The workers were refused entrance to the club. (工人们被拒于俱乐部门外。)
error; fault; mistake
【词义辨析】
三者都有“错误”的意思,但用法有别。
1 error使用范围较窄,常指在计算、印刷、书写、语法等过程中出现的“差错”或“偏差”,也可指品德上的错误。
There's an error in your calculation. (你计算中有个错误。)
There are ten printing errors in this book. (这本书有十个排印上的错误。)
2 fault指性格上的弱点或行为上的过失,强调对过失应负责任。
It's my fault that we are late. (我们迟到是我的错。)
His only fault is that he always feels ashamed. (他唯一的缺点就是总是害羞。)
3 mistake意思是“错误,误会,误解”,该词使用范围较宽,可指各种错误。
It's my mistake sending him abroad. (把他送到国外是我的错。)
Anyone can make a mistake. (任何人都可能犯错误。)
In a way, I'm glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you. (在某种程度上说,你犯那个错误我倒感到高兴,因为它可以为你敲响警钟。)
escape; flee; run away
【词义辨析】
三者都有“逃跑,逃脱”之意,但用法不同。
1 escape 意思为“躲避,逃避”,一般侧重逃跑的结果,不强调逃跑时的匆忙或危险情况。常用的词组为escape from,表示“从(某地或者某人手中)逃脱”。
They tried to escape from prison, but they failed and were arrested again. (他们试图越 狱,但失败了,又被逮了回来。)
A kind of terrible smell is escaping from the pipe. (一种可怕的气味正从管道中溢出。)
2 flee意为“逃走,逃避,避开”,既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,一般用来强调逃的行为,无论其成功与否,指躲开危害自己或自己不敢接触的事物。
Everyone fled the building when the alarm sounded. (当警报响起时每个人都向楼外逃去。)
The traitor has fled to America. (那个叛徒已经逃往美国。)
She always flees responsibility at the key point. (在关键时刻她总是逃避责任。)
3 run away意为“逃跑,逃脱”,常用于实际的行为,并着重所做的动作是快速敏捷的,而不强调情况或事态的紧急或急迫。
The thief ran away from the police station. (小偷从警察局逃跑了。)
The kid opened the window and ran away. (孩子打开窗户逃走了。)
especial; special
【词义辨析】
两者都有“特别”的意思。
1 especial的意思是“特别的,主要的,突出的”,多用于书面用语,强调的是重要性,有“优越,好感”之意。
He is quite different from others; you should pay an especial attention to him. (他跟别人很不一样,你应该格外留意他。)
Today is an especial day for you, because it is the 20th anniversary of your wedding. (今天对你来说是一个特殊的日子,因为今天是你结婚二十周年。)
2 special是“特别的,尤其”的意思,强调的是事物特有的性质、性格或专门的目的和用途,不同于一般的或往常的。
This is a special case, deserving special treatment. (这是个特殊的案件,应该特殊处理。)
He listens to the Special English over the radio every day. (他每天都从收音机里听《特别英语》节目。)
The car has a special lock. (这辆车有把特殊的锁。)
ever; once
【词义辨析】
两者都有“曾经”的意思,但用法不同。
1 ever 意思为“曾经”,一般多与完成时连用。
I have ever been to Xinjiang. (我曾去过新疆。)
He is one of the very best men I have ever met. (他是我遇见的最好的人之一。)
2 once意思为“昔日,曾经”,强调“就有一次”,一般多与过去时连用。
We lived in Paris once. (我们曾在巴黎住过。)
Once is enough, never again. (一次就够了,别再干了。)
He once knew her, but they are no longer friends. (他以前认识她,但他们已经不是朋友了。)
everyday; every day; every other day
【词义辨析】
1 everyday的意思是“日常的,每天的,普遍的”,常用作定语。
The computers have become a necessary part of our everyday life. (计算机已成为我们日 常生活的必要部分。)
Have you ever read Alice Walker's Everyday Use ? (你读过爱丽丝·沃克的《日常用品》这本小说了吗?)
2 every day意思是“每天,天天”,常用作状语。
Newspapers are delivered every day. (报纸每天都送来。)
I collected my son from school every day when he was young. (我儿子小的时候我每天都去学校接他。)
3 every other day的意思是“每隔一天”。
She goes to work every other day. (她每隔一天上一次班。)
The newly-married couples meet every other day. (那对新婚夫妇每隔一天见一次面。)
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