内容正文:
高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 6 词汇 B2
be made from; be made of
【词义辨析】
1 be made from是“用……制成的”的意思,表示某原料经过加工后,形状、质地发生了改变,难以从成品中辨认原材料。
Paper is made from wood. (纸是由木头造的。)
Clothes are made from cotton. (衣服是用棉花做成的。)
2 be made of是“由……制成,由……构成”意思,指原料经过加工后质地不变,从成品中可以看出原材料。
This desk is made of wood. (这张书桌是用木头做的。)
Vases are made of glass. (花瓶是用玻璃制成的。)
be made into; be made out of
【词义辨析】
1 be made into意思是“被制成……”,后面通常跟产品。
Grains can be made into alcohol. (粮食可以酿酒。)
We can make steel into different kinds of things. (我们可以把钢制成各种东西。)
2 be made out of表示“由……制成的,由……改成的”,out常被省略,变成be made of。这一短语表示成品制成后,仍保留了原材料的形状。
He made a crutch out of steel for his grandma. (他用钢材做了一根拐杖给他的奶奶。)
They made some tables and chairs out of the discarded paper. (他们用废纸做成了一些桌子和椅子。)
be pleased at; be pleased with
【词义辨析】
1 be pleased at意思是“因……而高兴”,后面要接物。
He was pleased at hearing the news. (他听到这个消息感到高兴。)
His parent are not pleased at his failure. (他的父母因为他的失败而不高兴。)
2 be pleased with意思是“对……感到满意/高兴”,后面既可接人又可接物。
She was pleased with her new car. (她对她的新车很满意。)
The old couple are very pleased with their son-in-law. (老夫妻俩对他们的女婿很满意。)
be proud of; take pride in
【词义辨析】
两者都有“为……而自豪或骄傲”的意思,用法区别不大,只是proud是形容词,pride是名词,两词组可以互换使用。
We are proud of being Chinese. (我们为自己是中国人而感到骄傲。)
The Spanish took pride in the champion their football team got in the World Cup. (西班牙人为他们的足球队取得世界杯冠军而感到自豪。)
be ready; be/get ready to; be/get ready for
【词义辨析】
三者都有“作准备”的意思,但是用法有所区别。
1 be ready 的意思是“作好准备”,表示一种准备就绪的状态。
Are you ready? (你准备好了吗?)
Everything is ready. (一切都准备好了。)
2 be /get ready to意思为“准备去做……”的意思,后接动词原形。
The Chairman will visit our factory, so you must be ready to answer any questions. (董事长要来参观工厂,你要有准备,随时回答他提出的任何问题。)
All the people are ready to struggle with the enemies. (所有人都作好了去跟敌人斗争的准备。)
3 be / get ready for是“为……作好准备”的意思,后接名词或代词。
They are ready for the coming term. (他们已经为即将到来的新学期作好了准备。)
The workers are busy getting ready for the next five-year plan. (工人们正忙着为下一个五年计划作准备。)
be strict in; be strict with
【词义辨析】
1 be strict in意思是“对某事要求严格”,后面跟名词。
The company is very strict in the quality of the products. (公司对产品质量的要求很严格。)
Our boss is strict in everything. (我们老板对每件事都要求严格。)
2 be strict with意思是“对某人要求严格”,后跟表示人的名词或代词。
The child's parents are very strict with him. (那个孩子的父母对他要求非常严格。)
It's good to be strict with young men. (对年轻人要求严格是好事。)
be sure to do; be sure of
【词义辨析】
两个词组都有“有把握,确信”的意思。
1 be sure to do表示说话者确信句子的主语一定会做某事,指局外人的推测或评论,主语不一定是人。
The Chinese people were sure to win the war. (中国人民一定会赢得这场战争。)
They are sure to be late. (他们肯定会迟到。)
2 be sure of表示“确信对……有把握”,后接名词、代词或者动名词,表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断,主语是人。
We're sure of his innocence. (我们相信他的清白。)
She is sure of winning the match. (她确信会赢得比赛。)
be tired of; be tired with; be tired from
【词义辨析】
这几个词组都有“厌倦”的意思,但用法有一定的区别。
1 be tired of意思为“对……感到厌烦,厌倦”, 常用be/get tired of (doing) sth.的结构。
Some people are tired of the life in the city, so they want to move to the country. (有些人对城里生活感到厌烦了,于是就想搬到农村。)
He was tired of eating rice, so he wants to eat noodles. (他厌倦了吃米饭,因此想吃面条。)
I am tired of doing the same thing again and again. (我讨厌反复做同样的工作。)
2 be tired with和be tired from都可以表示“因……而劳累/疲乏”,两者可以互换,常指体力上的疲劳,后者更常用。
I was tired with the housework. (我做家务活感到累了。)
He was tired with climbing the stairs today. (他今天爬了楼梯,感到很累。)
be used as; be used for
【词义辨析】
1 be used as意思是“被用作……”,介词as表示“作为……”,后面一般接名词。
The money is used as poverty reduction relief. (这些钱被用作扶贫基金。)
2 be used for意思是“被用来做……”,介词for表示用途,后接名词或者动名词形式。
A date is used for medicine. (红枣可以入药。)
A knife can be used for cutting meat. (刀可用来切肉。)
be willing to do; be ready to do; be content to do
【词义辨析】
三者都有“愿意做”的意思。
1 be willing to do意思是“愿意做某事”。
He is quite willing to help you. (他很愿意帮助你。)
The girl is not willing to marry an old man. (那个女孩不愿意嫁给一个老头。)
2 be ready to do表示“准备好,有能力去做某事”或“愿意做某事”。
He is always ready to do a favor for the poor. (他总是乐于帮助穷人。)
If I've made any mistake, I'm ready to quit my job. (假如我做错了什么,我愿意辞职。)
3 be content to do 表示“愿意、乐意做某事”或“对做……感到满意”。
I should be well content to become a blue-collar worker. (我很愿意成为一个蓝领工人。)
He is content with his present job. (他对现在的工作还算满意。)
bear; endure; tolerate; put up with
【词义辨析】
四者都有“忍受,忍耐”之意,但有一定的区别。
1 bear意思为“忍受”,强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力,常用于否定句中。
I couldn't bear his lying. (我无法忍受他的谎言。)
She can't bear her husband's bad temper. (她无法忍受丈夫的坏脾气。)
2 endure意思为“忍耐,耐久”,语气比较正式,指经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服,强调持久力和意志坚强,常用于否定意义的句子中。
I can't endure her endless complaint noise a moment longer. (我一刻也忍受不了她那没完没了的抱怨了。)
She quietly endures the pain of a loveless marriage. (她默默地忍受着没有爱情的婚姻的煎熬。)
3 tolerate的意思是“容忍”,指忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗,语气最弱,可用于肯定句也可用于否定句。
It seems that these ants can tolerate temperatures which would kill other species. (看来这些蚂蚁能够忍受可能会置其他物种于死地的温度。)
We will not tolerate interference in our domestic affairs. (我们决不能容忍干涉我们的内政。)
4 put up with与tolerate意义相近,有“不计较,将就”之意,多用于口语。
Nobody can put up with that kind of treatment. (没有人能忍受那种待遇。)
We can't put up with her mordancy. (我们无法忍受她的刻薄。)
beard; mustache
【词义辨析】
1 beard指下巴和面颊下部的“胡须”,通常用作可数名词。
John has a very long beard. (约翰长着长长的胡子。)
2 mustache指嘴唇上的“胡须”。
He shaved off his beard but kept his moustache. (他刮了下巴上的络腮胡子,但仍留着嘴边的胡须。)
beat; hit; knock; strike
【词义辨析】
这四个词都可以表示“敲,击,打”的意思,但含义和用法有区别。
1 beat主要侧重“连续的敲打”,也有“殴打,击败”和“心脏的跳动”的意思。
The raindrops are beating against the ground. (雨水敲打着地面。)
That man was beaten until he was black and blue. (那个人被打得青一块、紫一块。)
The heart beats 60 to 70 times per minute. (心脏每分钟跳60到70次。)
2 hit表示有目标地“打,击中”,着重“打击”某一点。
He hit me with a stick. (他用棍子打了我。)
He hit him on the nose. (他打了他的鼻子。)
The car hit the stone. (汽车撞到石头上了。)
3 knock表示“敲,打,撞击”之意时常与at/on连用,还可以说knock sb. down,意思为“将某人撞倒”。
Is there anybody who is knocking at the door? (有人敲门吗?)
He knocked the passer-by down. (他把那个行人撞倒了。)
4 strike 多指急速地或突然地一次性打击或敲击。
The farmer was struck dead by lightning. (那个农夫被雷电击死了。)
She struck the desk with her knee. (她的膝盖撞上了桌子。)
The clock is striking 10. (钟在敲10点。)
beat; defeat; win
【词义辨析】
三者都有“打败,赢”的意思。
1 beat和defeat都表示在战斗中或竞赛中“取胜,打败对手”,后接人(竞争对手),两者可以互换使用。
The blue team beat/defeat the yellow team last Friday. (上周五蓝队打败了黄队。)
Germany football team was defeated/beaten by Spanish team. (德国足球队输给了西班牙队。)
We beat them by the score of 4 to 2. (我们以四比二的比分打败了他们。)
2 win表示“赢”,表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利,其宾语通常是表示比赛、奖品等内容的词语,后面的宾语一般不接人。
In the end Chinese team won the match. (最后中国队赢得了这场比赛的胜利。)
He won the first prize in the contest. (他在竞赛中获得了一等奖。)
He won the Nobel Prize for physics. (他获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。)
【正误比较】
我在比赛中战胜了他,赢得了奖金。
【错误】 I defeated the contest and won the prize.
【正确】 I defeated him in the contest and won the prize.
before long; long before
【词义辨析】
before long的意思是“不久,很快”,相当于soon,可用于将来时或过去时。
I shall see my old classmates in my alma mater before long. (我很快就会在母校见到我的老同学了。)
Before long he married a blind girl in a small town. (不久他在一个小镇上与一个盲人女孩结婚了。)
2 long before的意思是“很久,很久以前”,常用于过去时或过去完成时。
I knew him long before. (我很久以前就认识他了。)
His grandfather died long before he was born. (他的爷爷早在他出生前就去世了。)
She had left long before he returned. (在他回来前很久她就走了。)
begin; start
【词义辨析】
两者都表示“开始”,但用法有不同之处。
1 begin 表示的“开始”往往指从起点开始,而 start 则不一定。由此看来,当一件事中断后再开始时通常应用 start again,而 begin again 则用来表达“从头再来”的意思。
The trial lasted for two hours and stopped, and after a short pause, started again. (审讯持续了两个小时后停止了,经过短暂休息后,又开始了。)
Don't give up, let's begin again. (别放弃,让我们从头再来。)
2 begin 表达“开始”的动作性较弱,而start 的动作性较强,因此在表示动作缓慢地开始时,一般多用 begin; 表示某种动作急速地开始时,一般要用 start。
School begins on September 1. (学校9月1日开学。)
Now the economy begins to improve. (现在经济形势开始好转。)
The officer suddenly started shooting at the crowd. (那名军官突然向人群开枪。)
3 表示“开动,出发,引起”等,一般用 start。
We couldn't start the car. (我们无法开动汽车。)
How do you start the computer? (怎么启动电脑?)
believe; believe in; trust
【词义辨析】
三者都表示“相信”的意思,但词义有一定的区别。
1 believe的意思是“相信,信以为真”,后面常接名词、代词、从句等。
Do you believe his story? (你相信他的故事吗?)
I couldn't believe the fact. (我不能相信事实。)
2 believe in则表示“信仰,信任”,后面一般接名词。
We do not believe in God. (我们不相信有上帝。)
My mother believes in Buddhism, so she doesn't eat any meat. (我妈妈信仰佛教,所以她不吃肉。)
3 trust表示“信任”,trust in与believe in意思相同,都表示“相信,信赖”。trust还有“指望,托付”的意思,后面可接名词或从句。
She will never trust her husband's words. (她再也不会相信她丈夫的话。)
He trusts that nothing will prevent the action. (他相信没有什么可以阻止这次行动。)
I can't trust her with my camera. (我不能够托她保管我的照相机。)
beside; besides
【词义辨析】
1 beside是介词,表示“在……旁边”,其后一般接名词或代词。
The little boy was sitting beside his mother. (小男孩正坐在母亲旁边。)
There is a chair beside me. (我旁边有把椅子。)
2 besides既可作介词也可作副词,意思为“除此之外”。
No one is kind to me besides you. (除你以外,没有人对我好。)
Besides, I want you to promise me one thing. (此外,我想让你答应我一件事。)
besides; but; except; except for
【词义辨析】
四者都有“除了……”的意思,但用法有不同之处。
1 besides是“除了……还有……”之意,指所提的人或事物包括在表达之内。
He speaks Chinese besides English. (他除了懂英语之外还会讲中文。)
Besides Xiao Zhang, my uncle also went to a picnic on Sunday. (除了小张以外,星期天我叔叔也去野餐了。)
2 but是“除去……之外(再)也没有……”的意思,其后常接名词、代词或动词不定式,经常用在含有否定词、疑问词和不定代词的句子中,常用在有every, any, no和由这些词构成的复合词出现的句子中,并放在everything, anywhere, nobody等以及who, all之后。
Who but him would do such a silly thing? (除了他以外谁会做这样的傻事?)
Nobody was late but me. (除我之外,没人迟到。)
3 except表示“除了……之外”,后面的宾语可以是动词、名词、代词、介词短语或从句,指所描述的人或事物不包括在表达之内。
They all went to swim except the foreign teacher. (除了外教外,他们全都去游泳了。)
I looked everywhere except the playground. (除了操场以外,我到处都看过了。)
4 except for是“除了……之外”,但常用于对某种基本情况进行具体的、细节方面的修正,其后接的词同主句中的修饰语不是同类的,指从整体中除去一个细节、一个方面。
This book is interesting except for a few mistakes. (这本书除几处错误外,是很有趣的)。
The novel is good except for the beginning. (这部小说除了开头之外都很好。)
big; large; great; huge
【词义辨析】
这组词都有“大”的意思,但是具体含义有所不同。
1 big的意思是“大的,巨大的”,常指程度、范围、规模、容积、重量、数量等(还可表示“伟大,重要”之意),常可与large互换,多用于具体的、有形的人或物(其反义词多为little/small)。
This is a big snake. (这是一条大蛇。)
The stone is too big to carry. (这块石头太大了,不好搬。)
His neighbor works in a big company. (他的邻居在一家大公司里工作。)
2 large的意思是“大的,巨大的”,常指面积、范围,可表示数量,其反义词为small。
China is larger than Japan. (中国比日本大。)
They have a large farm. (他们有一个大农场。)
The brothers have a large business. (兄弟几个有一家大公司。)
3 great可修饰抽象名词,也可修饰具体的人或物,带有一定的感情色彩,意思是“大的,极大的,伟大的,重要的”。
Mao Zedong is a great leader of China. (毛泽东是中国的伟大领袖。)
Edison was a great American inventor. (爱迪生是美国伟大的发明家。)
This is a great mountain. (这座山很雄伟。)
4 huge强调尺寸、体积“庞大”,容量和数量“巨大”。指体积时,比large和great所指的体积大,但不强调重量。
He lived in a huge house. (他住在一座很大的房子里。)
He has a huge sum of money. (他有一大笔钱。)
blame; scold
【词义辨析】
1 blame的意思是“责备,责怪”,指某人应对自己不好的行为负责(常与for连用),或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人(常与on或upon连用),往往含有把自己当作评判人来评判某事,没有用言语来进行责骂的意思。
I don't blame you, I blame myself. (我不责备你,都怪我自己。)
The workers often blame the working conditions. (工人们经常抱怨工作环境不好。)
2 scold表示“责骂”的意思,指唠唠叨叨地数落某人,多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言辞激烈的数落和责骂。
His parents scolded him severely for lying to them. (他因对父母亲说谎而遭到父母的严厉责骂。)
He didn't scold me even when I made a big mistake. (即使我犯了大错,他也没有责骂我。)
注意 blame常可以构成下列词组:
1 be to blame,意思是“埋怨……”。
Is the boy to blame? (该埋怨那个男孩吗?)
2 blame sth. on sb.,意思是“把……怪到……头上” 。
He blamed the failure on his teacher. (他把失败怪到老师的头上。)
blow up; blow out
【词义辨析】
1 blow up 的意思是“给轮胎打气,把气球吹起来”,有时也指“爆炸,炸毁”。
Can you lend me a pump to blow up my bicycle tyres? (你能借给我个打气筒给车胎打打气吗?)
The terrorists are threatening to blow up the hijacked airliner. (恐怖分子扬言要炸毁劫持的客机。)
2 blow out意思为“(被)吹灭”或“爆胎”。
The old man blew the candles out. (老人把蜡烛吹灭了。)
The tire blew out. (轮胎爆了。)
boring; bored
【词义辨析】
1 两者都有“烦人,令人厌烦”的意思,但用法不一样。
boring一般指某事“使人感到厌烦”。
His talk is deadly boring. (他的话真是让人烦死了!)
The class is boring. (这堂课很无聊。)
2 bored一般指某人“感到厌烦”。
She's bored with her parents' quarrel. (她对父母的争吵感到厌倦。)
I'm bored. (我感到无聊。)
both; either; neither
【词义辨析】
三个词都与“两者”有关,但是含义不同。
1 both 可作代词、形容词,意思是“两者,两个都”,在句子中可作主语、定语、同位语等。
We both like English. (我们都喜欢英语。)
Both groups have 12 persons now. (两个组现在都有12个人。)
They both refuse to surrender. (他们俩都拒绝投降。)
2 either可作代词或副词,指“两者中的任意一个”,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。
There are two buses at 10:00 and 11:00; either one will take you to the place. (10点钟和11点钟都有公共汽车,任何一辆都可以把你带到那个地方。)
3 neither是代词,指“两者中没有一个,两者都不”,在句中可作主语、宾语及同位语等。
He wrote to neither of them. (他没给他们两个任何一个人写信。)
You will catch neither of the two hares. (两只野兔你一个都追不上。)
Neither of the boys could control his temper. (两个男孩都不能控制自己的情绪。)
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