高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总 Lesson 2 词汇 A2 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2025-08-22
| 21页
| 107人阅读
| 3人下载
普通

内容正文:

高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义) Lesson 2 词汇 A2 affect; effect 【词义辨析】 1 affect是动词,表示“对……产生影响,发生作用”之意,也有“使某人感动”的意思。 Hot weather affected the output of crops. (炎热的天气影响了农作物的产量。) Whatever you say will not affect my decision. (不管你怎么说都不会影响我的决定。) The film affected us deeply. (这部电影深深打动了我们的心。) Music affects some people very strongly. (音乐对一些人有极强的感染力。) 2 effect是名词,表示“影响,效果”的意思。 The drug has an immediate effect on the pain. (这药能立刻止痛。) One of the side effects of this drug is addiction. (这种药的副作用之一就是容易上瘾。) 注意 effect还可以作动词用,表示“使产生,实现”的意思。 I hope this new drug will effect a cure. (我希望这种新药能产生疗效。) The change was effected quickly. (这种变化很快就出现了。) afford; buy; get 【词义辨析】 三者都有“买,获得”之意。 1 afford指“买得起,承受得起”,多用于否定句、疑问句中,常与can, could或者be able to连用。 We can't afford to pay such a price. (我们付不起这么高的价格。) His parents can't afford him for college. (他的父母负担不起他上大学的费用。) 2 buy指花钱购买,侧重于购买的行为。buy是非延续性动词,在完成时的肯定句中,不能和 表示持续一段时间的状语连用。 I bought this bed for 1,000 yuan. (我花1 000元买了这张床。) Where did you buy this mobile? (你在哪里买的这部手机?) 3 get指买到某物,侧重购买的结果。 You can't get such a house at such a low price. (你不可能以如此低价买到这样一套房子。) She got a film ticket for her boyfriend. (她为她的男朋友买了一张电影票。) ago; before; since 【词义辨析】 三者都可用作副词,与时间段连用,表示“……之前”,但它们的用法有所不同。 1 “时间段 + ago”,表示从说话时刻算起的若干时间以前,常用于一般过去时。 He died ten years ago. (他十年前就死了。) He bought the computer two years ago. (他两年前买了这台电脑。) 2 before放在表示“时间段”的词语之后,表示从过去某时刻算起的若干时间以前,常和过去完成时连用,尤其是在间接引语中。before后接“时间点”时,可用于任何时态。 He said he had got the passport three days before. (他说他在三天前拿到了护照。) We got to the city before dusk. (我们黄昏前就到了那座城市。) 3 since指从过去某一时间开始到当前,表示“自从,自……以来”。 He settled in San Francisco in 1965 and had never come back ever since. (他1965年定居旧金山,从那以后就一直没有回来过。) He hasn't been home since he graduated. (他毕业后一直没回过家。) 注意 before可作介词,后接时间点; 也可作连词,引导时间状语从句。而ago不能用作介词和连词。 He will be back before six o'clock. (他会在六点钟以前回来。) I'll ring you up before I leave home. (我离家以前会给你打电话。) agree on; agree to; agree with 【词义辨析】 三者都有“同意”的意思,但用法不同。 1 agree on的意思是“(两人以上)就……取得一致意见,在……方面意见一致”,其主语大都为复数形式,常用的短语为agree on/upon sth.。 They agreed on the plan. (他们对这个计划意见一致。) The two sides agreed on a cease-fire. (双方达成了停火协议。) 2 agree to有两层含义:当to作介词时,其后多接表示计划、建议、安排、决定等的名词,意思是“同意(或赞成)……(意见)”,有协力合作之意;当to作为不定式符号时,其后跟动词原形,agree to do sth.,表示“同意做某事”。 I find it impossible to agree to your ideas. (我觉得不可能同意你的看法。) He agreed to my suggestion. (他接受了我的建议。) Finally he agreed to go with me together. (最后他同意和我一起去。) We agreed to leave at once. (我们同意马上离开。) 3 agree with的意思是“赞同某人的意见、主意或所说的事项,符合,与……相一致”,with后常接表示人的名词或者代词,也可接表示意见、看法等名词。 I don't agree with a single word that you have said. (你说的话我一个字也不赞同。) We agreed with what he said at the meeting. (我们赞同他在会上讲的话。) agriculture; farming 【词义辨析】 1 agriculture意思是“农业,农艺,农学”,主要指土地耕种、动物饲养等方面的实践或科学。 I know nothing about agriculture. (我对农业一窍不通。) Modern agriculture is spoiling our beautiful countryside. (现代农业正在破坏我们美丽的农村。) 2 farming主要指在农场务农或经营农场,比agriculture更加口语化。 High prices for farm products encouraged farming. (农产品价格的提高有助于农业发展。) Tractors and other agricultural machines greatly facilitate farming. (拖拉机及其他农业机械大大方便了农业耕作。) aid; assist; help 【词义辨析】 三者作动词时,都有“帮助”之意,但用法有一定的区别。 1 aid为正式用词,主要指帮助他人脱离危险或战胜困难,侧重强者对急需帮助的弱者的帮助。 I aided him with money. (我资助了他。) I aided her to continue her research. (我帮助她继续她的研究。) He aided me in business. (他在事业上帮助了我。) 2 assist最正式,意思是“从旁协助,起辅助作用”,指帮助者在援助过程中只起辅助作用,事情主要由被帮助者来做。 They assisted in building the house. (他们协助盖了这栋房子。) He assisted his mother in washing the dishes. (他帮他母亲洗碗。) 3 help是普通用语,意为“帮助,救援”,指帮助某人达到某个目的。 May I help you with your luggage? (我帮你拿行李,好吗?) He helped the poor learn to transplant rice seedlings. (他帮助穷人学习移栽秧苗。) aim; goal; object; purpose 【词义辨析】 这四个词都有“目标,目的”的意思,但又有一定的区别。 1 aim指的是“目标,打算”,侧重比较具体而明确的目标,常指短期目标; aim还可用作动词,意思为“对准目标,打算”。 Our aim is to help the students speak English well. (我们的目标是帮助学生说好英语。) Smith aims to be a computer expert. (史密斯的目标是成为一名电脑专家。) I aim to go to New York. (我打算去纽约。) 2 goal指的是“目标,终点”,指经过考虑和选择,需经不懈的努力才能达到的最终目标。 He has achieved his goal. (他已经实现了他的目标。) It is our goal to realize communism. (实现共产主义是我们的目标。) 3 object强调由个人需求而决定的目标、目的。 The object of the game is to develop children's intelligence. (这个游戏的目的是开发孩子们的智力。) What is the object of his visit? (他这次访问的目的是什么?) 4 purpose是普通用词,意思为“目的,意图”,既指以坚决、审慎的行动去达到的目的,又指心中渴望要实现的目标。 Did you come to Beijing for the purpose of seeing your family, or for business purposes? (你到北京来的目的是看望家人还是办公事?) I came here on purpose to see you. (我特地来这里看你。) alike; like; similar 【词义辨析】 三者都有“相似,像”的意思。 1 alike指事物在性质、特征或外貌上固有的而不是偶然的相似,突出“相像,相似”。它可以作形容词和副词,作形容词时,一般只能作表语,而不能充当定语。 The two sisters are very much alike. (这两个姐妹非常相像。) The mother treats all her children alike. (母亲对待所有的孩子都一样。) 2 like表示在某方面相似,可以作形容词、介词和连词。作形容词时,既可以作表语,也可以作定语。作形容词当表语时,可以和alike互换。 I've always wanted a garden like theirs. (我一直想要一个跟他们一样的花园。) There are several people who are interested, like Mr. Jones and Mr. Simpson. (许多人很有兴趣,比如琼斯先生和辛普森先生。) 3 similar强调不同的人或事物之间完全或部分相似,暗示可暂不考虑或无视其差异之处,作形容词。 My new dress is similar to the one you have. (我的新衣服很像你的那件。) All big cities are quite similar. (所有的大城市都大同小异。) alive; live; living; lively 【词义辨析】 前三个词都有“活的,有生命的”的意思,而lively则表示“活泼的”。 1 alive意为“活着的,有活力的”,是表语形容词,可修饰人或物。 Although he is old, he is still very much alive. (虽然年老了,但他仍十分活跃。) The wounded soldier was still alive. (那个受伤的战士还活着。) 2 live用作形容词时,意为“活着的”,可用作定语,放在表示物的名词之前,一般不指人。 Have you eaten a live shrimp? (你吃过活虾吗?) I once took a picture on the back of a live tiger. (我曾骑在一只活老虎的背上照过相。) 3 living 意为“活着的,有生命的”,主要用于前置定语及定冠词the之后,表示一类人,也可作表语,修饰人或物。 Latin is not a living language. (拉丁语不是现代使用的语言。) There're no living things on the moon. (月球上没有生命。) 4 lively 的意思是“活泼的,快活的,生动的”,可以指人,也可指物,可作定语或表语。 Young children are usually lively. (小孩子通常都是活泼的。) Grandma told us a very lively story. (祖母给我们讲了一个生动的故事。) all; whole; entire; total 【词义辨析】 这四个词作形容词时都有“全部,整个”的意思,但有所区别。 1 all 着重“整体”,指由“个体”或各个“部分”组成的“全部的,所有的”整体。可修饰可数名 词复数,指所有的数量;也可修饰不可数名词,指整个范围或全部数量。 All students in our school can speak very good English. (我们学校的学生都能够说很流利的英语。) All the people in the room are laughing. (屋里所有的人都在笑。) 2 whole着重强调“完整的”、“整体”。指完整无缺的统一体,不可分割,一个不少,没有丝毫减少和遗漏。 It snowed for four whole days. (下了整整四天的雪。) He spent the whole of his money. (他把所有的钱都花光了。) The whole city went out to fight against a flood. (全城的人都在与洪水奋战。) 3 entire词义与whole基本相同,语气比whole强,含“齐全无缺”之意。很多情况下可以与whole互换使用。 I have read the entire book. (我已经阅读了全书。) He wrote the entire play in only two weeks. (写整个剧本只花了他两个星期的时间。) 4 total有较强烈的计算意味,强调总量,意为“全部的,总计的”,表示数量或者程度上的“全部”,把一切计算在内。 What is the total cost of the wedding? (婚礼总共花了多少钱?) What is the total population of the city? (这个城市的人口总数是多少?) 注意 1 all与地点名词连用指人,whole指人指地区均可。因此,whole指地区时,不能与all互换。 The whole city was affected by the earthquake. (全城都受到了地震的影响。)[不可以说All the city was affected by the earthquake.] 2 all不与不定冠词连用,whole则可以。不可以说all a year,但可以说a whole year。 3 whole作“全体的,一切的”讲时,不与普通名词复数连用,all则可以。不能说the whole books,也不能说the whole of books,应说all (of) the books。 4 entire可修饰抽象名词,whole则不能。 allow; let; permit; promise; admit 【词义辨析】 这五个词意思接近,都有“允许,答应”的意思,但用法有一定的区别。 1 allow作动词,表示“允许,准许”的意思,常用结构为allow sb. to do sth., allow doing sth. (允许做某事)。 Allow me to introduce the chairman. (请允许我介绍一下主席先生。) Smoking is not allowed here. (此处禁止吸烟。) 2 let作动词,表示“允许,让”的意思,广泛用于口语中,一般用于祈使句中。 Let's hurry up. (我们快点吧。) The teacher let us read a book in the morning. (老师让我们早晨读书。) My mother wouldn't let me go alone. (我妈妈不让我一个人去。) 3 permit多用于正式场合,表示“允许,准许”的意思,指同意某人做某事,给某人做某事的权利,有时可与allow通用。 The criminal was permitted to spend the Spring Festival with his family. (罪犯被允许和家人共度春节。) If weather permits, we'll have a picnic. (如果天气允许的话,我们会去野餐。) 4 promise作“允诺,答应”讲,用于主语答应自己要做某件事,常用于交谈中所作的允诺。 He promised to accompany me to the hospital. (他答应陪我一起去医院的。) Promise little, but do much. (少许愿,多做事。) They promised me to sponsor the gala. (他们答应我赞助这场庆典。) 5 admit表示准许进入某一地方,或加入某一团体、党派等成为其中一员,也有“承认”之意。 Persons under eighteen are not admitted into the game room. (十八岁以下的人不许进入游戏室。) He admitted that he stole the car. (他承认偷了那辆小汽车。) almost; nearly 【词义辨析】 两者都有“几乎,差不多”的意思,都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等,此时两者常可换用。 It's almost (nearly) impossible. (那几乎是不可能的。) 1 almost强调“差一点就……”,常用于口语中。almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前,但 nearly 一般不这样用。 Almost any man can make a paper-cutting in this village. (这个村子里的人几乎都会剪纸。) Almost no one believed her. (几乎没有人相信她。) He almost didn't catch the plane. (他差点没赶上飞机。) 2 nearly表示“接近,几乎”,多用于数量、时间、空间上的接近,nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰,但 almost 之前不能用这些词。 It's not nearly as difficult as you think. (这远不像你想象得那么难。) I don't know he is nearly 60 years old. (我不知道他将近60岁了。) We are nearly at the end of the honeymoon. (我们的蜜月快要结束了。) alone; lonely; along 【词义辨析】 前两个词都有“单独,孤单”的意思。 1 alone表示“单独,一个人”的意思,可作副词或形容词, 只作表语,不能作定语。 He is alone. (他独自生活。) He admitted that he did it all alone. (他承认这事是他一个人做的。) She likes to work alone. (她喜欢独自一人工作。) 2 lonely是形容词,表示“孤独的,寂寞的”的意思,带有浓厚的感情色彩,表示主观上“孤独,寂寞”,渴望有伴。lonely若指地方,则有“人迹罕至的,荒凉的,偏僻的”之意,可作表语,也可作定语。 He is alone at home,but he doesn't feel lonely. (虽然他独自一人在家,但他并不感到孤单。) At heart, he is a lonely man. (他在内心深处很孤独。) That's a lonely village. (那是一个荒凉的小山村。) 3 along 作副词时表示“向前; 和……一起”,作介词时表示“沿着,顺着”。 The little dog was running along with the boy. (小狗跟在那男孩后面跑着。) The police told the students to move along. (警察让学生向前走。) We walked along the West Lake. (我们沿着西湖边走。) aloud; loud; loudly 【词义辨析】 三者都有“大声地”的意思,但在用法上有区别。 1 aloud 强调发出的声音能被听见,意思为“出声地”或“大声地”,常与 read, call 等动词连用。 Please read the article aloud. (请大声朗读文章。) He called aloud for help. (他大声叫救命。) 2 loud作副词有“大声地,响亮地”的意思,主要指说话声音和笑声等,常使用比较级形式,侧重发出的音量大,传得远,一般多用于speak, talk, laugh 等动词之后。loud 还可用作形容词。 Would you please speak a little louder? (您能大点声说话吗?) Suddenly we heard a loud cry. (突然我们听到一声大叫。) 3 loudly是“大声地,吵闹地”的意思,指人声、敲门声或者其他声音,强调声音高、喧哗、不悦耳,常与 ring、knock 等动词连用,放在动词前后均可,含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。loudly有时可与 loud 互换。在用于比较级或最高级时,通常用loud,而不用loudly。 Suddenly the phone on the table rang loudly. (突然,桌上的电话大声地响起来。) Everyone laughed loudly on his impersonation. (每个人见到他的装扮都放声大笑。) already; still; yet 【词义辨析】 三者都是副词,都有“已经,还,仍然”的意思。 1 already 表示“已经”,常用于现在完成时的肯定句中。 He had already left when I called. (我打电话去时, 他已经走了。) Our mayor had already gone to Guangzhou this morning. (我们的市长今早已经动身去广州了。) 2 still强调过去发生的事情及存在的状况目前还在延续。在现在完成时的否定句中,still表示吃惊或不耐烦的语气; 但在现在进行时中,still只表示动作正在持续,不带有感情色彩。 Today the best jobs are still given to men. (当今,最好的工作还是由男人做。) She still hasn't come back. (她还没有回来。) Although it is dark, the old teacher is still preparing for lessons. (尽管已经天黑,但老教师仍然在备课。) 3 yet 表示“还,尚,迄今,到那时”,常用于疑问句和否定句。在疑问句中,用来询问说话人期望发生的事情是否已经发生。在否定句中,表示说话人期望发生的事情尚未发生。 Have you finished designing the building yet? (你把大楼设计好了吗?) Is everything ready yet? (一切都准备好了吗?) also; too; as well; either 【词义辨析】 都可表示“也”,但用法不同。 1 also较为正式,一般不用于否定句中,常放在句中,位于系动词或助动词之后,实义动词之前。 He is young and handsome, and also rich. (他年轻潇洒,而且富有。) I also want to go to college. (我也想上大学。) He has also been to Tokyo. (他也去过东京。) 2 too 多用于口语中,语气较轻,通常用于肯定句或疑问句,一般不用于否定句,且通常放在句末,可用逗号隔开或无逗号。有时也可放在主语后。 He can speak French, too. (他也会说法语。) I, too, know where he hides. (我也知道他藏在什么地方。) 3 as well用于肯定句,通常位于句尾,强调时可位于句中,通常不用逗号分开。 Tom is the captain of the football team, and he is on baseball team as well. (汤姆是足球队队长,同时也是棒球队队员。) She is a daughter and a mother as well. (她是一个女儿,也是一位母亲。) Do your parents come to the party as well? (你的父母亲也来参加派对吗?) 4 either用于否定句中,一般放在句末。 I didn't go there, either. (我也没去那里。) If you don't order a dessert, I won't either. (如果你不点甜点,我也不点。) I have not seen this film either. (我也没有看过这部电影。) 注意 either...or... 的意思为“或者……或者……”。 Either we go now or we remain here forever. (要么我们现在走,要么我们永远在这待下去。) Either she or her parents have to stay at home. (她或者她的父母得留在家里。) although; though; as 【词义辨析】 三者均可表示“尽管,虽然”,引导让步状语从句。 1 although作为连词,语气比though强,大都用于正式文体,一般可与though互换。 Although/Though he worked hard, he was still dismissed by the company. (虽然他工作很努力,可还是被公司辞退了。) Although/Though she is kind, she never donates money to the poor. (尽管她很善良,但她从未给穷人捐过款。) 2 though常用于口语中,可以引导让步状语从句,语气稍弱于although,though有时可以引导倒装句。 Beautiful though she is, she is never proud of it. (尽管自己很漂亮,但她从不为此骄傲。) Though he is young, he knows a lot about astronomy. (尽管他很年轻,但对天文却知道得很多。) 3 as表示“尽管,虽然”,只能用于倒装句,即把表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。 Only ten years old as he is, he knows how to cook. (他虽然只有10岁,却会煮饭。) 注意 1 如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。 Child as/though he is, he can do some housework. (虽然他是个孩子,但他会做一些家务活。) 2 although和though当“虽然”讲, 都不能和but连用,although/though...but这种用法是不对的。 always; usually; often 【词义辨析】 三者都是频度副词,都要位于be动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前。 1 always所表示的频度最大,意思是“总是,永远”。 I shall always remember the day when I became a Party member. (我会永远记住我入党的那一天。) He always complains about the others. (他总是抱怨其他人。) 2 usually的意思是“通常”,即很少有例外,频度仅次于always。 What do you usually have for lunch? (你通常午餐吃什么?) I usually get up early in the morning. (我早晨通常起得很早。) 3 often 的意思是“经常”,在频度上不如usually那么频繁。 She is often late for school. (她上学经常迟到。) I often write letters to my relatives who live in the countryside. (我经常给乡下的亲戚写信。) amount; number 【词义辨析】 两者都能用作名词,都可表示“数目”、“总数”之意。 1 amount 用于表示不可数名词的数量。 He owed me $1,000 but could only pay half of that amount. (他欠我1000美元,但只能支付总数的一半给我。) A large amount of damage was done during the earthquake. (地震造成了巨大的损失。) 2 number用于表示可数名词的数量或数目;number还可以指“号码”,缩写形式为No.。 The number of skilled workers is small. (技术熟练的工人数量较少。) We live at No.105 Church Street. (我们住在教堂街105号。) 注意 amount和number还可以用作动词。amount作动词时通常与to 连用,意思为“达到”。 Our donation amounts to ten thousand dollars a month. (我们的捐款数达一万美元一个月。) The party members in our office number over 35. (我们办公室的党员人数已超过35人。) ancient; aged; old 【词义辨析】 三者都有“老”的意思,但用法有所不同。 1 ancient指历史意义上的“古老的,古代的”。 Beijing, Nanjing, Xi'an and Luoyang are the four ancient capital cities of China. (北京、南京、西安和洛阳四座城市是中国的四大古都。) Mr. Zhang had collected many kinds of ancient coins. (张先生收集了很多种古代钱币。) 2 aged的意思是“年老的,年迈的”。 The aged man is now living with his son. (那个老人现在和儿子住在一起。) In the United States the proportion of aged people increased significantly. (在美国,老年人的比例显著上升。) 3 old用法比较广,常指人的年老,物品、现象的陈旧等。 I am forty-one years old. (我41岁了。) This is an old desk. (这是一张很旧的桌子。) 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

资源预览图

高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总 Lesson 2 词汇 A2 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
1
高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总 Lesson 2 词汇 A2 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
2
高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总 Lesson 2 词汇 A2 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
3
所属专辑
相关资源
示范课
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。