Unit 1 词汇精讲精练2025-2026学年沪教版（2024）英语七年级上册

Unit 1 词汇精讲精练 一、名词（nouns） 1. courage：勇气；胆量 I have the courage to try new things. 我有勇气尝试新事物。 搭配： (1) have the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事（如文中用法） (2) lose courage 失去勇气， 例：He lost courage when facing failure.面对失败时他失去了勇气。 (3) take courage 鼓起勇气， 例：Take courage and try again.鼓起勇气再试一次。 衍生：courage n. → encourage v. 鼓励 Li Hua encourages me to be brave. 李华鼓励我勇敢。 搭配：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事（初中核心搭配） 2. friendship：友谊；朋友关系 My friendship with Li Hua teaches me... 我和李华的友谊教会我…… 搭配： (1) build/develop friendship 建立 / 发展友谊 例：We should build true friendship.我们应该建立真正的友谊。 (2) keep friendship 维持友谊 例：It's not easy to keep friendship for long.长久维持友谊不容易。 (3) a friendship between... …… 之间的友谊 例：a friendship between classmates同学之间的友谊 3. admiration：钦佩；赞赏 Friends count on each other for love, admiration... 朋友们相互依靠获得爱、钦佩…… 搭配： (1) win/gain admiration 赢得赞赏 例：His kindness wins admiration from others. 他的善良赢得了他人的赞赏。 (2) look at sb. with admiration 钦佩地看着某人 例：She looked at the hero with admiration. 她钦佩地看着那位英雄。 衍生：admiration n. → admire v. 羡慕；钦佩 I admire Li Hua's maths skills. 我钦佩李华的数学技能。 搭配：admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 例：I admire him for his patience. 我因他的耐心而钦佩他。 4. respect：尊敬；尊重 Friends count on each other for... respect... 朋友们相互依靠获得…… 尊重…… 一词多性：n. & v. 尊敬；尊重 We should respect each other in friendship. 在友谊里我们应该相互尊重。 搭配： (1) show respect for sb. 对某人表示尊重 例：We should show respect for our teachers. 我们应该尊重老师。 (2) with respect 尊敬地 例：He listened to his parents with respect. 他尊敬地听父母讲话。 (3) respect sb. for sth. 因某事尊重某人 例：We respect him for his honesty. 我们因他的诚实而尊重他。 衍生：respect n. → respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的 Li Hua is always respectful to others. 李华对他人总是很尊重。 搭配：be respectful to sb. 对某人有礼貌、尊重 例：Children should be respectful to the elderly. 孩子们应该尊重老人。 5. support：支持；鼓励 Friends count on each other for... support... 朋友们相互依靠获得…… 支持…… 一词多性：n. & v. 支持；鼓励 Li Hua supports me in studying maths. 李华在我学数学上支持我。 搭配： (1) give support to sb. 给某人支持 例：My family gives support to me. 我的家人给我支持。 (2) in support of 支持 (3) 例：Many students spoke in support of the plan.（许多学生发言支持这个计划。 (4) support sb. in (doing) sth. 在某方面支持某人（如文中用法） 衍生：support v. → supportive adj. 支持的；鼓励的 Li Hua is a supportive friend. 李华是个给予支持的朋友。 搭配：be supportive of 支持…… 例：She is supportive of my dreams. 她支持我的梦想。 6. trust：信任；信赖 Friendships are... about... trust. 友谊是关于…… 信任。 一词多性：n. & v. 信任；信赖 I trust Li Hua completely. 我完全信任李华。 搭配： (1) have trust in sb./sth. 信任某人 / 某事 例：We have trust in our friends. 我们信任我们的朋友。 (2) trust sb. with sth. 托付某事给某人 例：She trusts me with her secrets. 她把秘密托付给我。 衍生：trust n. → ① trustful adj. 轻信的 ② trustworthy adj. 值得信赖的 Li Hua is trustworthy, so we trust him. 李华值得信赖，所以我们信任他。 7. survey：调查 We did a survey about friendship in our class. 我们在班级做了一个关于友谊的调查。 搭配： (1) do/make a survey 做调查 (2) a survey of... 关于…… 的调查 例：a survey of students' hobbies 关于学生爱好的调查 8. quality：品质；品德 Li Hua is helpful and patient. These are good qualities. 李华乐于助人且有耐心。这些是好品质。 搭配： (1) good/bad qualities 好 / 坏品质 (2) the quality of... …… 的品质 例：the quality of a good friend 好朋友的品质 9. appearance：外貌 Friendship is not just about appearance. 友谊不只是关于外貌。 搭配： (1) by appearance 从外貌来看 例：He is handsome by appearance. 从外貌看他很帅气。 (2) in appearance 在外貌上 例：They are similar in appearance. 他们在外貌上相似。 衍生：appearance n. → appear v. 出现；显得；似乎 Li Hua appears friendly to everyone. 李华对每个人似乎都很友好。 搭配：appear to do sth. 似乎做某事 例：He appears to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。 10. thought：想法 When one of us feels sad, we tell the other one and this makes us feel better. This is my thought about friendship. 当我们中的一个难过时，我们会告诉对方，这让我们感觉好点。这是我关于友谊的想法。 搭配： (1) in thought 在沉思中 例：He sat there in thought. 他坐在那里沉思。 (2) have a thought 有个想法 例：I have a thought about our trip. 我对我们的旅行有个想法。 11. end：结局 Our friendship will have a happy end. 我们的友谊会有一个美好的结局。 搭配： (1) in the end 最后，终于 例：In the end, we finished the work. 最后，我们完成了工作。 (2) come to an end 结束 例：The party came to an end at 10. 派对在 10 点结束。 12. heart：心 Li Hua is a friend who touches my heart. 李华是一个触动我心的朋友。 搭配： (1) learn by heart 记住，背诵 例：We need to learn the words by heart. 我们需要记住这些单词。 (2) with all one's heart 全心全意地 He loves his family with all his heart. 他全心全意地爱他的家人。 练习 1. 用括号内所给名词的适当形式填空 (1) We should try to build true ______________ (friendship) with others.（答案：friendship） (2) His ______________ (courage) to face difficulties moved us all.（答案：courage） (3) The teacher won the ______________ (admiration) of the students by her hard work.（答案：admiration） (4) We need to show ______________ (respect) for our parents and teachers.（答案：respect） (5) My parents' ______________ (support) helps me go through hard times.（答案：support） 2. 单项选择 (1) He has ______________ in his friends and always trusts them. A. trust B. courage C. thought D. appearance （答案：A 解析：根据 “trusts them” 可知此处指对朋友的信任，have trust in 为固定搭配） (2) The ______________ of the new student is very kind, so everyone likes him. A. end B. quality C. survey D. heart （答案：B 解析：此处指新同学的品质很好，quality 有 “品质” 之意） 3. 词义匹配 (1) friendship A. 勇气；胆量 (2) courage B. 尊敬；尊重 (3) respect C. 友谊；朋友关系 (4) trust D. 信任；信赖 (5) admiration E. 钦佩；赞赏 （答案：C；A；B；D；E） 二、动词（verbs） 1. improve：改进；改善 With his help, my maths has improved a lot. 在他的帮助下，我的数学提高了很多。 搭配： (1) improve on/upon 改进 例：He improved on his previous work. 他改进了之前的作品。 (2) improve one's English 提高某人的英语水平 例：I want to improve my English.（我想提高我的英语水平。 衍生：improve v. → improvement n. 改进；改善 My maths improvement is thanks to Li Hua. 我的数学进步多亏了李华。 搭配：make improvements 取得进步 例：He has made great improvements in study.（他在学习上取得了很大进步。 2. describe：描述；形容 Can you describe your new friend? 你能描述你的新朋友吗？ 搭配： (1) describe... as... 把…… 描述为…… 例：He described his friend as kind.（他把他的朋友描述为善良的人。 (2) describe sth. to sb. 向某人描述某事 例：She described the accident to the police.（她向警察描述了事故。 衍生：describe v. → description n. 描述 搭配：a description of... 对…… 的描述（如文中用法） Give a description of your friend. 描述一下你的朋友。 3. rise：上升 My confidence rises because of friendship. 因为友谊我的自信提升了。 搭配： (1) rise up 上升，起义 例：The sun rises up in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 (2) rise from 从…… 升起 例：Smoke rose from the chimney. 烟从烟囱里升起。 练习 1. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 (1) She ______________ (describe) her new friend to us in detail yesterday.（答案：described） (2) My English ______________ (improve) a lot since I got a good teacher.（答案：has improved） (3) The sun ______________ (rise) in the east and sets in the west every day.（答案：rises） 2. 单项选择 (1) We need to _______ our writing skills if we want to get good grades. A. rise B. improve C. describe D. trust （答案：B 解析：improve skills 表示 “提高技能”，符合语境） (2) Can you _______ your favorite book _______ us? A. describe；for B. describe；to C. improve；for D. improve；to （答案：B 解析：describe sth. to sb. 为固定搭配，意为 “向某人描述某事”） 三、形容词（adjectives） 1. honest：诚实的 Friendships are... about... honesty. 友谊是关于…… 诚实。 搭配： (1) be honest with sb. 对某人诚实 例：We should be honest with our friends. 我们应该对朋友诚实。 (2) to be honest 说实话 例：To be honest, I don't like the book. 说实话，我不喜欢这本书。 衍生：honest adj. → ① honesty n. 诚实 ② dishonest adj. 不诚实的 An honest friend is important. Dishonest friends may harm friendship. 诚实的朋友重要。不诚实的朋友可能伤害友谊。 2. patient：有耐心的 Li Hua is helpful and patient. 李华乐于助人且有耐心。 搭配： (1) be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 例：Teachers are patient with students.（老师对学生有耐心。 (2) be patient of 容忍…… 例：He is patient of noise.（他能容忍噪音。 衍生：patient adj. → ① patience n. 耐心 ② impatient adj. 没有耐心的 Li Hua has patience, so he isn't impatient when helping me. 李华有耐心，所以帮我时不会没耐心。 (3) 搭配：lose patience with 对…… 失去耐心 例：She lost patience with the slow boy.（她对那个迟钝的男孩失去了耐心。 3. confident：自信的；有自信心的 I am also more confident now. 我现在也更自信了。 搭配： (1) be confident in sth. 对某事有信心 例：I am confident in my ability.（我对自己的能力有信心。 (2) be confident of doing sth. 有信心做某事 例：He is confident of winning the game.（他有信心赢得比赛。 衍生：confident adj. → confidence n. 信心 Friendship gives me confidence. 友谊给我信心。 搭配：build up confidence 建立信心 例：Practice can build up your confidence.（练习能建立你的信心。 4. personal：个性的 Li Hua has his personal ways to help friends. 李华有他帮助朋友的个性方式。 搭配： (1) personal opinion 个人观点 例：This is my personal opinion.（这是我的个人观点。 (2) personal information 个人信息 例：Don't share personal information online.（不要在网上分享个人信息。 5. caring：关心他人的；体贴人的 Li Hua is helpful and patient, so he is caring. 李华乐于助人且有耐心，所以他很体贴人。 搭配： (1) a caring person 一个体贴的人（如文中用法） (2) caring for 关心，照顾 例：She spends time caring for the old.（她花时间照顾老人。 6. straight：（adj. & adv.）直的（地） 作形容词： Li Hua has straight hair. 李华有直头发。 作副词： He goes straight to help me when I need. 当我需要时他径直来帮我。 搭配： (1) straight away 立刻，马上 例：He went there straight away.（他立刻去了那里。 (2) keep straight 保持正直 例：He always keeps straight in his life.（他在生活中总是保持正直。 7. dark：褐色的；乌黑的 Li Hua has dark eyes. 李华有乌黑的眼睛。 搭配： (1) in the dark 在黑暗中 例：We walked in the dark.（我们在黑暗中行走。 (2) dark blue 深蓝色 例：She likes dark blue clothes.（她喜欢深蓝色的衣服。 8. same：同一的；相同的 We like the same sport — ping - pong. 我们喜欢相同的运动 —— 乒乓球。 搭配： (1) the same as 和…… 一样 例：My bag is the same as yours.（我的包和你的一样。 (2) at the same time 同时 例：We arrived at the same time.（我们同时到达。 9. basic：基本的；基础的 Trust is a basic part of friendship. 信任是友谊的基本部分。 搭配： (1) basic knowledge 基础知识 例：We need to learn basic knowledge first.（我们首先需要学习基础知识。 (2) basic skills 基本技能 例：Reading and writing are basic skills.（读和写是基本技能。 10. glad：高兴的；愉快的 I am glad to have Li Hua as my friend. 我很高兴有李华作为我的朋友。 搭配： (1) be glad to do sth. 高兴做某事（如文中用法） (2) be glad about sth. 因某事高兴 例：I am glad about your success.（我为你的成功而高兴。 练习 1. 用括号内所给形容词的适当形式填空 (1) It's important to be ______________ (honest) with your friends.（答案：honest） (2) The teacher is always ______________ (patient) with the students who have difficulties in study.（答案：patient） (3) She became more ______________ (confident) after winning the competition.（答案：confident） (4) This is my ______________ (personal) opinion, and you can have your own ideas.（答案：personal） 2. 单项选择 (1) He is a _______ boy and always helps others when they are in need. A. caring B. dark C. same D. basic （答案：A 解析：caring 意为 “关心他人的”，符合 “always helps others” 的语境） (2) To be _______, I don't think this plan is good enough. A. confident B. honest C. patient D. glad （答案：B 解析：to be honest 为固定短语，意为 “说实话”） 3. 从方框中选择合适的形容词填空 honest；patient；confident；personal；glad (1) She felt ______________ when she heard the good news.（答案：glad） (2) You should be ______________ enough to speak in front of the class.（答案：confident） (3) The ______________ man never tells lies to others.（答案：honest） (4) Our teacher is ______________ enough to explain the problem again and again.（答案：patient） (5) This is a ______________ letter, so please don't open it.（答案：personal） 四、副词（adverbs） 1. however：然而 用于句首、句中或句末，表示转折，常用逗号隔开 I thought maths was hard. However, with Li Hua's help, I find it easier. 我原以为数学难。然而，在李华的帮助下，我发现它更容易了。 搭配： however + adj./adv. 无论多么…… 例：However difficult it is, I will try. 无论多么困难，我都会尝试。 五、综合练习 I. 语法选择（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 项中选出最佳选项。 My new school life is great. I made a good friend named Lin Tao. He is ___1___ (honest) and always tells the truth. When I feel sad, he listens to me with ___2___ (patience). Lin Tao is good at English. With his help, my English 3 (improve) a lot. I used to be shy, but now I am more ___4___ (confident) to speak in class. We often talk about our ___5___ (thought) on friendship after school. ___6___ (Friendship) means a lot to both of us. We ___7___ (respect) each other and share our happiness and sadness. Last week, I lost my courage to take part in the speech contest. Lin Tao encouraged me and gave me much ___8___ (support). Finally, I decided to join it. I think a good friend should be ___9___ (caring) and trustworthy. ___10___ (However), it's not easy to find such a friend. I'm lucky to have Lin Tao. 1. A. honest B. honestly C. honesty D. dishonest 2. A. patient B. patience C. patiently D. impatient 3. A. improve B. improves C. improved D. has improved 4. A. confident B. confidence C. confidently D. confide 5. A. thought B. thoughts C. think D. thinking 6. A. Friend B. Friends C. Friendship D. Friendly 7. A. respect B. respects C. respected D. respecting 8. A. support B. supports C. supported D. supporting 9. A. care B. caring C. cared D. carefully 10. A. But B. However C. So D. Because II. 语篇填词（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文内容完整、连贯。 Starting a new school can be scary, but making new friends makes it better. My friend Zhang Wei is a boy with good q______1______. He is honest and never tells lies. I a______2______ him for his courage to face difficulties. When I first came, I had no courage to talk to others. Zhang Wei talked to me first and encouraged me to join their activities. With his help, my confidence r______3______ a lot. We often play basketball after school and talk about our personal f______4______ about life. Our f______5______ is built on trust and respect. When I have problems with my studies, he is always p______6______ to help me. He also supports me in all my good ideas. Last month, we did a s______7______ about friendship in our class together. It helped us learn more about what makes a good friend. I think a good friend should be caring and supportive. Zhang Wei is such a friend. I hope our friendship will last forever and never come to an e______8______. He has touched my h______9______ with his kindness. I am g______10______ to have him as my friend. III. 完成句子（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据所给的中文提示，完成下列英语句子，每空一词。 1. 他有勇气在全班面前演讲。 He has the __________ __________ __________ a speech in front of the whole class. 2. 我们应该相互尊重，建立真正的友谊。 We should __________ __________ __________ and build true friendship. 3. 在朋友的支持下，她的英语水平提高了很多。 __________ __________ __________ of her friends, her English level has improved a lot. 4. 说实话，我很钦佩他的耐心。 __________ __________ __________, I __________ __________ __________ his patience. 5. 友谊不仅关乎玩乐，还关乎信任和理解。 Friendship is not only about having fun, but also about __________ and __________. IV. 写作翻译（共 20 分） A. 把下列句子翻译成英语（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1. 李华是一个体贴的朋友，总是在我需要的时候支持我。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 因为他的诚实，我们都很信任他。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 她的鼓励让我有勇气尝试新事物。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 我们应该耐心对待那些有困难的人。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 真正的友谊建立在相互尊重和理解的基础上。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ B. 书面表达（10 分） 假设你是大明，你刚刚转入一所新学校，认识了新朋友汤姆。请你给你的笔友李雷写一封信，介绍你的新朋友汤姆。 提示： 1. 汤姆诚实且有耐心，你很钦佩他； 2. 他在学习上帮助你，使你的成绩有了提高； 3. 他鼓励你参加学校活动，让你变得更自信； 4. 你对你们的友谊有什么期望。 要求：80 词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Li Lei, I'm writing to tell you about my new friend Tom in my new school. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ I'm really happy to have such a good friend. What about you? Please write to me soon. Yours, Daming 参考答案 I. 语法选择 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. B II.语篇填词 1. qualities 2. admire 3. rose 4. feelings 5. friendship 6. patient 7. survey 8. end 9. heart 10. glad III. 完成句子 1. courage to make 2. respect each other 3. With the support 4. To be honest；admire him for 5. trust；understanding IV. 写作翻译 A. 句子翻译 1. Li Hua is a caring friend and always supports me when I need help. 2. We all trust him because of his honesty. 3. Her encouragement gives me the courage to try new things. 4. We should be patient with those who are in trouble. 5. True friendship is based on mutual respect and understanding. B. 书面表达 Dear Li Lei, I'm writing to tell you about my new friend Tom in my new school. Tom is an honest and patient boy. I admire him very much. He often helps me with my studies. With his help, my grades have improved a lot. He also encourages me to take part in school activities, which makes me more confident. We trust each other and share our thoughts. I hope our friendship will last forever and we can support each other to grow better. I'm really happy to have such a good friend. What about you? Please write to me soon. Yours, Daming 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$