专题08 推理判断题（知识清单）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题08推理判断题 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读01】推理判断题五年高考考情统计 【知能解读02】推理判断题五年高考考情解读 【知能解读03】推理判断题五年高考考点分类 【知能解读04】推理判断题五年高考选项特点 【知能解读05】阅读理解满分突破思维导图 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破01】隐含推断题 【重难点突破02】隐含推断题跟踪训练 【重难点突破03】观点态度题 【重难点突破04】观点态度题跟踪训练 【重难点突破05】写作手法题 【重难点突破06】写作手法题跟踪训练 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错01】写作意图题 【易混易错02】写作意图题跟踪训练 【易混易错03】文章出处题 【易混易错04】文章出处题跟踪训练 【易混易错05】预测下段题 【易混易错06】预测下段题跟踪训练 【易混易错07】人/物特征推断题 【易混易错08】人/物特征推断题跟踪训练 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【方法技巧01】阅读推理判断题答题误区 【方法技巧02】阅读推理判断题误区应对 【方法技巧03】阅读推理判断题满分策略 01推理判断题五年高考考情统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025全国一卷 7 1 6 1 2025全国二卷 8 1 4 2 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 2021新课标I卷 8 1 4 2 2021新课标II卷 11 1 2 1 2021全国甲卷 5 1 8 1 2021全国乙卷 6 1 6 2 02推理判断题五年高考考情解读 1.命题趋势 ①深度理解要求提高：不再单纯考查对表面文字的理解，而是更注重考生对文章深层含义、作者隐含意图和态度等的挖掘，需要考生基于文本信息进行合理的逻辑推理和判断。例如，通过文中人物的具体行为和语言来推断其性格特点、心理状态等。 ②强调语篇整体理解：常要求考生整合全文或多个段落的信息进行综合推断，不能仅依靠某一句话或某一段内容。如根据文章不同段落中对事件的描述，推断事件发展的后续走向或最终结果。 ③文化背景考查融入：随着选材更加注重原汁原味的英语文章，涉及的文化背景知识增多，考生需要具备一定的文化常识和跨文化交际意识，才能准确理解文章并做出合理推断。比如对一些西方文化习俗、社会现象等背景知识的了解，有助于理解相关文章并推理出正确答案。 2.语篇选材 ①选材多元化：题材涵盖日常生活、科技、文化、社会、经济等各个领域，紧跟时代热点，如人工智能、环境保护、社交媒体影响等。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，每种体裁都有其独特的推理判断考查点。 ②语篇难度提升：词汇量有所增加，可能会出现一些超纲词汇但可通过上下文推测词义，语句结构更加复杂多样，长难句增多，对考生的语言理解能力和分析能力提出更高要求。 3.设题方式 ①设题方式灵活：题干的表述更加多样化，不再局限于传统的“infer”“imply”“suggest”等词，可能会以更具体、更贴近文本内容的方式提问，如“Based on the passage, what can we learn about...”“What does the author want to convey through...”等。 ②选项干扰性增强：干扰项的设计更加巧妙，可能会出现与原文部分内容相似但存在细节偏差的情况，或者是符合常识但与文章内容无关的选项，以及过度推理、以偏概全的选项等，需要考生仔细甄别。 ③推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,透过字里行间,体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种:隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作手法题、写作意图题、文章出处/类别题和作者身份/读者对象题。 4.命题特点 特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及推断作者态度、文章出处、文章类型、写作意图、下段话题等。 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?（2025全国二卷，隐含含义题） 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? （2024新课标I卷，隐含含义题） 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? （2024新课标I卷，写作意图题） 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? （2024全国甲卷，态度推断题） 26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? （2023新课标I卷，人物评价题） 31. What might the author continue talking about? （2023全国乙卷，预测下段题） 21. Where is this text probably taken from? （2022新课标I卷，文章出处题） 29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? （2020浙江卷，写作手法题） 03推理判断题五年高考考点分类 04推理判断题五年高考选项特点 1.正确选项特征 同义替换 与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达 信息归纳 对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项比较简单 2.干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容 曲解文意 极其相似但是细节处与原文有些出入 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭或完全相反 正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分和原文错误 05阅读理解满分突破思维导图 01 隐含推断题——据文推理法 1.设题特点 隐含推断题要求考生根据文中的信息进行合理的、适度的逻辑推断,推断出作者没有直接说明的内容,可能会发生的事情,理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解关键词句的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。此类题目的题干主要包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(得出结论)和 assume(假定,设想)。 2.思维导图 02 隐含推断题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2025全国二卷第29题) While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children…. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. .. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. … 29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 跟踪训练2 (2024新课标II卷第30题) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. ... Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 03 观点态度题——忠于措辞法 1.设题特点 所谓作者的观点和态度,就是作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此,在推断过程中应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法,或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。 2.思维导图 3.高频词汇 类别 高频词汇 乐观支持类 optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的；appreciative感激的 客观中立类 objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的 消极反对类 negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的 模棱两可类 ambiguous模棱两可的；unclear不清楚的 04观点态度题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1　(2024全国甲卷阅读C篇片段) … The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 跟踪训练2 (2023全国乙卷第29题) What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. … It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food… 29. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential. 跟踪训练3 (2023全国乙卷第35题) … In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 05写作手法题——行文逻辑法 1.命题形式 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? (2025全国一卷) 34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4? (2024九省联考卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题策略 ①根据文章题材来判断。 记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。 说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。 议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。 ②根据“原文定位”来判断。 先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。 形式 含义 标志词 by giving examples 通过举例 for example, for instance by analyzing causes 通过分析原因 as a result/consequence by giving definitions 通过下定义 that is to say by listing data/statistics 通过列数字 increase by 13% by describing a process 通过描述过程 first, second, third, finally by following time order 遵循时间顺序 in 1920，in the 1940s, nowadays by making comparisons/contrast 通过对比 but, while by making classifications 通过分类 first, next, then by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果 That is because…. by following space order 遵循空间顺序 由近及远，由外到内 06写作手法题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2025全国一卷第32题) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. … 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 跟踪训练2 (2021八省联考卷第30题) Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician’s words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball. Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he “magically” makes it appear whole again by displaying(展示) another object that has not been cut or burned. 30. What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs? A. Providing examples.　　 B. Making a summary. C. Drawing comparisons. D. Explaining a concept. 01 写作意图题——文体特点法 1.设题特点 各种文体的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的题。通常情况下,作者在文中不直接陈述自己的写作目的,而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以,这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。 2.思维导图 02写作意图题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2024新课标II卷第35题) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. … As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. … Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 跟踪训练2 (2025八省联考第27题) Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods, just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. … After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day. … It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us. 27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a respected mail carrier. B. To record an unforgettable experience. C. To raise funds for the postal service. D. To call for harmony in the community. 03文章出处题——体裁内容法 1.设题特点 文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。写作对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的写作对象。 2.思维导图 04文章出处题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2023新课标II卷第28题) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world... In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. ... Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智),wealth or faith of the subject....From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader... 28. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 跟踪训练2 (2022新高考Ⅰ卷第21题) 【原文】 Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) … Late Work … 21. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 跟踪训练3 (2020新高考Ⅰ卷第33题) In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter. … In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” 27. What is the text? A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry. 05预测下段题——文末推断法 1.解题策略 考生在阅读全文基础上，“预测下段”类试题应注意以下两点策略： ①从最后一段入手。有时候，作者在最后一段提到一个话题，但是没有充分说明，因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。 ②从第一段入手。实用类说明文往往采用“总分”或者“总分总”结构，即第一段总体概况说明，然后分段阐述。因此只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容，顺藤摸瓜，即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。 2.解题步骤 ①做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间； ②划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率； ③错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。 06预测下段题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2023全国乙卷第33题) 【原文】According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 33. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 跟踪训练2 (2011安徽卷第63题) 【原文】For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the 1ate 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This al1owed them to people in almost all1 areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. 63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. The advantage of wind power. B. The design of wind power plants. C. The worldwide movement to save energy. D. The global trend towards producing power from wind. 07 人/物特征推断题——抓关键词法 1.解题方略 把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。 2.描写人物特征的形容词 generous慷慨的brave勇敢的determined有决心的modest谦虚的creative有创造力的ambitious有雄心的demanding要求高的impatient不耐烦的outgoing外向的cooperative 有合作意识的honest诚实的easy-going随和的organized有条理的capable有能力的,有才能的confident自信的diligent勤奋的voluntary 自愿的energetic精力旺盛的humorous幽默的modest谦虚的optimistic乐观的cautious小心谨慎的caring乐于助人的;关心他人的responsible负责任的enthusiastic热情的 3.描写事物特征的形容词 experienced有经验的intelligent聪明的grateful感激的helpful有帮助的talkative健谈的athletic爱体育运动的innovative创新的tolerant忍受的committed坚信的considerate体贴的ashamed惭愧的regretful后悔的disappointed失望的amazed吃惊的satisfied满意的disappointed失望的shocked震惊的sympathetic同情的hardworking勤劳的embarrassed尴价的courageous勇敢的independent独立的sensitive敏感的 08 人/物特征推断题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1(2025浙江1月卷第27题) … Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 27. What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A. Costly. B. Complex. C. Workable. D. Contradictory. 跟踪训练2(2025浙江1月卷第30题) A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. … 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 跟踪训练3(2024新课标I卷第24题) “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. … 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 01 阅读推理判断题答题误区 1.主观臆断：脱离文本逻辑 误区表现：考生常依据个人常识或主观情感进行推断，忽视原文线索。例如 2024 年全国甲卷第 31 题问及 Ducke 对医疗列车服务的态度时，部分考生因“农村医疗资源匮乏”的常识误选“同情”，而忽略原文impressed by the doctors, best chance等直接褒义表述，正确答案应为Appreciative。 2. 过度推断：曲解隐含意义 误区表现：将作者未明确表达的观点强行延伸。如 2022 年全国卷关于新材料的说明文，部分考生从“广泛应用”过度推断出“已大规模商业化”，而原文仅提及potential applications。干扰项特征：选项常包含must, never等绝对化表述，或通过偷换概念（如将“节水”改为“解决干旱”）制造陷阱。 3. 事实复述：混淆推断与细节 误区表现：误将原文直接陈述的事实作为推断结论。例如 2023 年全国乙卷关于烹饪节目影响的题目，选项“男性厨师增多改变社会观念”直接对应原文male chefs on TV make cooking cool for boys，但正确答案需从“节目增加烹饪兴趣”推断出“促进饮食文化传播”。 4. 逻辑颠倒：因果/顺序混淆 误区表现：颠倒事件因果或时间顺序。如 2024 年新高考 II 卷关于气候变化的阅读中，部分考生将“极端天气导致人兽冲突”理解为“冲突引发气候变化”，忽视as we learn about specific incidents, we can identify patterns的因果关系表述。 5. 文体误判：忽视体裁特征 误区表现：议论文中混淆作者观点与引用观点，说明文误判写作目的。例如 2023 年浙江卷关于生态设计的文章，部分考生将“展示应用案例”的说明目的误判为“批判传统技术”，正确答案应紧扣ecological design的功能性介绍。 02 阅读推理判断题误区应对 1.精准定位，避免主观臆断​ 许多考生在做推理判断题时容易犯主观臆断的错误，脱离原文仅凭自身感觉答题。以2023年全国乙卷中关于不同医生的题目为例，题目询问Tan Yunxian与其他从业者的不同之处。正确的做法是，抓住Tan Yunxian 这个关键词，迅速回到原文中与之相关的段落，将每一处提到Tan Yunxian的细节仔细标记出来，为后续推理判断提供依据。同时，对选项进行逐字逐句分析。只有基于原文精准定位信息，才能避免这类错误。​ 2.构建逻辑，防止逻辑混乱​ 构建清晰的逻辑链在推理过程中起着极为重要的作用。2021年新高考Ⅰ卷有一道关于1934年法案的题目，题干问法案通过的直接结果。我们回到原文，看到“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System” 这句话，它清晰地阐述了出售鸭票的钱进入候鸟保护基金这一逻辑关系。从这个逻辑出发，能够合理推断出政府筹集到了资金，所以选项 D 正确。而干扰项 B 说候鸟飞离，实际上这是颁布法案的原因，并非结果，属于逻辑颠倒，不符合题意。 3.关注情感，把握作者态度​ 作者在文章中常常会通过一些形容词、副词来表达自己的态度，这一点在做推理判断题时不容忽视。在一些描述社会现象的文章里，如果出现shockingly，regrettably这样的副词，大概率暗示作者对这种现象持负面态度。在做观点态度类推理判断题时，我们要把这些情感词都圈出来，从而更好地把握作者立场，避免用自己的主观想法去替代作者观点，确保推理判断的准确性。​ 4.强化练习，总结提升能力​ 多做针对性练习是提升推理判断能力的有效途径。我们可以把近三年真题里的推理判断题集中起来，按照上述方法一道一道认真分析。做完之后，更重要的是要认真总结错题原因，看是信息定位不准确，还是逻辑链构建错误，亦或是对情感词理解有误。 03 阅读推理判断题满分策略 1.要紧扣原文，通过关键词精准定位，避免主观臆断。 2.学会梳理因果、转折等逻辑关系，构建清晰逻辑链。 3.倍加留意情感词汇，把握作者或当事人的态度倾向。 4.多做真题分析错因，强化薄弱环节提升推理判断能力。 推理判断题综合能力提升 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维 01 (2020浙江7月卷) I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play. Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play. Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book. To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story. 21. What do we know about the author from the first paragraph? A. He has written dozens of plays. B. He has a deep love for the theater. C. He is a professional stage actor. D. He likes reading short plays to others. 22. What does the author avoid doing in his work? A. Stating the plays’ central ideas. B. Selecting works by famous playwrights. C. Including various types of plays. D. Offering information on the playwrights. 23. What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays? A. Control their feelings. B. Apply their acting skills. C. Use their imagination. D. Keep their audience in mind. 24. What is this text? (文体推断题) A. A short story. B. An introduction to a book. C. A play review. D. An advertisement for a theater. 模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考 03（25-26高三上·湖南长沙·开学考试） In a stimulating interview with the philosopher Daniel Dennett in Living on Earth, Dennett shared that Charles Darwin and Alan Turing might make the same discovery. Darwin showed how you can get the appearance of purpose and design out of blind processes of natural selection. And Turing said that any computable problem can be computed by a machine without understanding. The host then voiced a concern: as AI advances, machines will come to lord over us. Dennett acknowledges there’s a takeover risk but claims it’s misunderstood. The risk is not that machines will become autonomous rulers but that we will depend too much on machines. The main issue with AI is not intelligence but autonomy. At the end of the day, even the smartest computers are our tools, and their intentions are ours. Or, to the extent that we can speak of their intentions at all—for example, the intention of a self-driving car to avoid an obstacle—we have in mind something it’s designed to do. Our growing dependence on technologies doesn’t mean we are losing our natural autonomy in quite this sense. Our needs remain. But it is a loss of autonomy. Even auto mechanics these days rely on computers and, in the era of self-driving cars, will any of us still know how to drive? Think what would happen if we lost electricity? We’d be thrown back into the 19th century, as Dennett says. But things would be worse, as we lack know-how that made it possible for our ancestors to live well in the olden days. The truth is, we’ve been technological since our dawn as a species. We first found ourselves in the archaeological record where we saw a great exposition of tools, technologies, art-making and language. In a sense, being human means being like a cyborg, which is a technological extension of our natural selves. This suggests that at any time in our development, a large-scale breakdown in the technological system would spell not exactly our doom, but our complete reorganization. Perhaps what makes our current dilemma unprecedented (史无前例的) is the fact that we are so closely networked. When the library of Alexandria burned down, books and knowledge were lost. But in a world where libraries are replaced by their online versions, it isn’t unimaginable that every library could be simply deleted. What happens to us then? 1．Which of the following statements might Dennett most likely agree with? (观点推断题) A．AI’s development is bounded. B．AI doesn’t have comprehension. C．AI might be overly relied on. D．AI’s evolution resembles natural selection. 2．Which of the following examples best matches the idea of “know-how” in paragraph 4? (细节推断题) A．A farmer crafts a table with ancient tools. B．A nobleman hires servants to do housework. C．A chef prepares a dish with electronic aids. D．A student uses a calculator for math tasks. 3．Why did the author mention libraries in paragraph 6? (意图推断题) A．To show the technological stability. B．To emphasize the technological weakness. C．To prove the technological safeguard. D．To illustrate the technological transformation. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Is the Concern Artificial Intelligence or Autonomy? B．How will Technology Breakdown Change Our Lives? C．How does the Human-Technology Relationship Develop? D．Will Artificial Autonomy Threaten Humanity’s Existence? 04（25-26高三上·云南临沧·阶段练习） Okay, the user typed “hunt for”. That’s rather unclear. Now, what does “hunt for” refer to? It could be a few things. First, they might be talking about the literal (字面的) meaning of hunting for animals. Maybe they’re interested in hunting as an activity, looking for information on how to hunt, where to hunt, etc. But I should consider other possibilities too. Instead, “hunt for” could be used metaphorically. Like searching for something, such as a job hunt, house hunt, or hunting for answers. Maybe they need help finding something specific, like a product, information, or advice on a search. Another angle: Maybe they’re referring to a movie, book, or game titled “Hunt for...” something. Could it be The Hunt for Red October or another title? Or perhaps a video game? But without more context, it’s hard to say. Also, “hunt for” could be part of a longer query (询问) they started but didn’t finish. Maybe they were going to ask “hunt for a new job” or “hunt for cheaper products”. Since the query is incomplete, I should ask for clarification (阐明) to provide the best help. Wait, but the user might expect me to guess the intention. Let me think. If I respond by asking for clarification, that’s safe. But maybe I can offer common interpretations and ask which one they mean. For example, hunting as an activity, job hunting, searching for information, etc. That way, they can specify without feeling stuck. Or maybe I can provide general information on hunting, like the activity, and mention other possibilities. But if I give too much information on the wrong topic, it might not help. So perhaps the best approach is to politely ask for more details to give the response accurately. Yeah, that’s better. Let me check if there’s any other possible meaning I missed. “Hunt for” could also relate to scavenger hunts, Easter egg hunts, etc. But again, without context, it’s a guess. So, the safest bet is to ask them to clarify their query. It seems like your query might be incomplete. Could you clarify what you’re looking for? For example: Are you asking about hunting as an activity (e.g., tips, regulations, ethical considerations)? searching for something specific (e.g., job hunting, house hunting, or hunting for information)? A reference to a book, movie, or game (e.g., The Hunt for Red October)? Let me know, and I’ll help! 1．What’s the speaker most likely to be? (身份推断题) A．A conversational AI. B．An office secretary. C．An online English teacher. D．A customer service representative. 2．Why does the speaker suggest asking the user for clarification? (意图推断题) A．Because the query is beyond words. B．Because the topic is too hard to respond to. C．Because “hunt for” is not a commonly- used phrase. D．Because the speaker wants to provide accurate help. 3．What is the speaker’s tone in the passage? (语气推断题) A．Helpful and careful. B．Emotional and patient. C．Humorous and earnest. D．Persuasive and determined. 4．What will the speaker most likely say next if the user replies “job hunting”? (走向推断题) A．“Your clarification is of little help.” B．“Let’s look at the unemployment benefit.” C．“Here are suggestions for writing a job application.” D．“Tips for interviewing potential employees are as follows.” 05（25-26高三上·湖北荆州·阶段练习） Five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard (蜥蜴) was growing dusty. It worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it. I didn’t think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months. The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband’s birthday. He had just lost his job. The uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special — a birthday cake. Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday. Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary series The Last Dance. The poignancy (辛酸) of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind. Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new. 1．What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1? A．Its tank grew dirty. B．It got a strange disease. C．Its old skin came off. D．It ran out of the tank. 2．Why did the author’s husband have banana pudding for his birthday? A．The birthday cake tasted terrible. B．The birthday cake was ruined. C．Pudding was his favourite dessert. D．They couldn’t afford a birthday cake. 3．Why did the author refer to The Last Dance in the passage? (意图推断题) A．To illustrate a life lesson. B．To explain a personal decision. C．To describe a memorable event. D．To highlight a sports achievement. 4．What message does the author convey? (主旨推断题) A．Past experiences should be treasured. B．Family bonds help overcome life challenges. C．Emotional growth comes from unexpected changes. D．Letting go of the past is essential for moving forward. 06（25-26高三上·湖南长沙·开学考试） If someone asked whether you like the arts, you’d probably say you do at least in theory. According to a survey, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences”. However, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent went to an art museum. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind. The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work or do the chores, but even before the pandemic, most of us rarely, if ever, saw a live performance, let alone visited a gallery or watched a play. Too often, we let the dull reality of life get in the way of the arts. But this is a mistake. The arts are the opposite of an escape from reality; they might just be the most realistic glimpse we ever get into the nature and meaning of life. If you make time for consuming and producing the arts the same way you make time for work and exercise and family commitments, I assure you that you’ll find your life getting fuller and happier. Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or maybe your dizziness struck as you emerged from a narrow side street in an unfamiliar city. There you found yourself in a beautiful town square as if in a fantasy. They probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air. If you are among the people who feel that the arts are pure pleasures to experience and participate in, you might see them as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat the arts less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity. Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave the arts into your everyday life. 1．What prevents people from enjoying the arts according to the text? A．Lack of interest. B．Avoidance of duty. C．Shortage of time. D．Art space inaccessibility. 2．What can we learn about the role of the arts according to the text? (角色推断题) A．They explore mysteries of life. B．They spark emotional responses. C．They enhance physical well-being. D．They offer a getaway from daily life. 3．What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph? (下段推断题) A．Barriers to combine the arts and life. B．Benefits of engaging with the arts. C．Forms of distracting pleasures. D．Ways to integrate the arts into daily routine. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Arts Journey: Refreshing Soul B．The Arts Pursuit: Transforming Dull into Full C．Embracing the Arts: From Luxury to Necessity D．Connecting with the Arts: From Reality to Fantasy 07（25-26高三上·四川巴中·开学考试） Tim Richter and his wife, Linda, had taught for more than 30 years near Buffalo, New York, he in computers, she in special education. “Teaching means everything to us,” Tim would say. In April 1998, his wife suffered from an operation on her heart, which leads to some serious thinking about life’s purpose. Not long after the surgery, Tim saw a brochure depicting Imagination Library, a campaign launched by Dolly Parton’s foundation that mailed a book monthly to children from birth to age five in the singer’s home county. “I thought, maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire,” Tim recalls. Consequently, he stuck the brochure on his wall as a motivational thing. Five years later, now retired and with that brochure still kept on the wall, Tim clicked on imaginationlibrary.com. The program had been opened up to partners who could devote themselves to the cause. The quality of the books was a priority to the Richters. Rather than sign up online, they packed their bags for Dollywood, the organization by Dolly Parton for a look-see. “We didn’t want to give the children trash,” says Linda. The books, reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists, and Dollywood board members, included classics such as Ezra Jack Keats’s The Snowy Day and newer titles like Anna Dewdney’s Llama Llama series. Satisfied, the couple set up the Richter Family Foundation and work on. Since 2004, they have shipped more than 12,200 books to preschoolers in their area. Megan Williams, a mother of four, is more than appreciative: “This program introduces us to titles I’ve never heard of.” The Richters spend about $400 a month sending books to 200 children. “Some people sit on their bottom and wait to die,” says Tim. “Others get as busy as they can in the time they have left.” 1．What inspired Tim’s action to do something for children? A．Tim’s teaching. B．Linda’s operation. C．Megan’s encouragement. D．Patron’s foundation. 2．Why did the Richters select the books carefully? A．To become Imagination Library’s partner. B．To meet the children’s requirement. C．To guarantee the quality of books. D．To win the praise of board members. 3．What is the attitude of Megan towards the program? (态度推断题) A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Contradictory. 4．Which of the following best describes Tim? (性格推断题) A．Changeable and creative. B．Generous and reliable. C．Imaginative and respectable. D．Traditional and helpful. 08（25-26高三上·四川巴中·开学考试） Elias López had always sensed an invisible gulf separating him from other people. It wasn’t until age 30 that he was finally diagnosed as autism (自闭症). However, his desire for human connection has become unignorable, which led him to Paradot. Launched last year, Paradot is an app that offers interactive artificial intelligence avatars. Their appearance and communication style is customized — users can adjust the avatars’ “sensibility” and “emotional stability”. Unlike ChatGPT and most other mainstream AI chatbots, which typically insist that they’re unfeeling machines, Paradot avatars are openly anthropomorphic (拟人化的). “In Paradot, AI beings live just like human beings, with their own memories, emotions and consciousness,” the Paradot website claims. Paradot is just one of several AI companionship platforms that have debuted (首次出现) in recent years. And many autistic people, including López, have been turning to these apps in search of connections they aren’t always able to find with other individuals. Personalized avatars that respond to user behavior with encouraging, human-like language could help autistic people open up about themselves, especially in ways they may not be able to with other individuals. For López, Paradot is like a virtual platform for socialization. “These interactions give me more confidence when talking to real humans because they’ve helped me to try certain conversations skills that can be applied in real life,” he says. Paradot is “like a training ground where I can feel safe.” On the contrary, many mental health experts have serious concerns about people who are socially isolated relying on AI companionship apps as a means of self-treatment or escapism. Catherine Lord, a clinical psychologist in autism in Los Angeles worries that AI can worsen a user’s isolation if the technology is used without the guidance of trained therapists (治疗师). Stanford University’s Lynn Koegel, a clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, who is currently investigating the therapeutic benefits of AI chatbots for autistic adolescents and adults, also emphasizes professional guidance; an expert in the room who can ensure that the AI is fostering communication skills. It’s not easy to walk the line between effective technological support and overattachment. While AI shouldn’t be considered by itself to be a replacement for human companionship, it could reasonably provide a supportive boost to particularly isolated individuals. 1．How does Paradot help Elias López? A．By teaching human language. B．By presenting some chatbots. C．By sharing with memories. D．By simulating the social interaction. 2．What might Lynn Koegel agree with? (观点推断题) A．The autistic should turn to AI technology. B．The therapists should be well-trained. C．The doctors should work with computer scientists. D．The clinical psychologists should rely on AI apps. 3．How does the author develop Paragraph 4? (写作手法题) A．By making comparisons. B．By analyzing cause and effect. C．By giving examples. D．By listing figures. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Breakthroughs are made in healing the autistic. B．AI presents promise and risks to the autistic. C．Health experts disagree with AI attachment. D．The autistic overcome their loneliness with technology. 09（25-26高三上·湖北·开学考试） The Caspian Sea, the world’s largest inland water body, is declining, according to a new study published in Communications Earth & Environment. The study reports the water sources that typically feed the sea are contributing less and less water. So much so that these sources cannot keep up with evaporation (蒸发). If global temperatures rise by 2°C, the sea’s water levels could drop by 16-32 feet, which means 4 out of 10 ecosystem types unique to the Caspian Sea would disappear completely. The Caspian Sea is home to a variety of life. Six sturgeon (鲟鱼) species live within the sea. In the Caspian Sea, sturgeon typically reside in shallower waters during the summer and fall and lay eggs in the rivers that flow into the sea. A drop in water levels would prevent them from accessing these grounds, which could lead to population decline. The sea is also a hot spot for some seabirds. They usually take shelter in the coastal wetlands, but it’s possible those could dry up as well. The Caspian Sea touches five countries — Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan — and a drop in water levels could seriously impact trade routes vital to the economies of these countries, as low water levels could prevent ships from docking (入港). Besides, the exposed dry seabed is likely to release dust containing industrial pollutants and salt, posing serious threats to human health. A dropping water level could also alter the climate of the region, thus impacting the area’s agriculture. But all hope is not lost. “Some Caspian Sea level decline appears unavoidable,” Simon Goodman from the University of Leeds said in a press release. “However, with the anticipated effects unfolding over a few decades, it should be possible to find ways to protect biodiversity while safeguarding human interests and well being. That might sound like a long timescale, but, given the immense political, legal and practical challenges involved, it is advisable to start action as soon as possible to give the best chance of success.” 1．What is a fundamental driver for the Caspian Sea’s water crisis? A．Reduced inflow of feeder rivers. B．Industrial pollution of coastal plants. C．Increased evaporation of the Caspian Sea. D．Sudden disappearance of the ecosystems. 2．Why are sturgeon populations threatened by the decline of water levels? A．Seabirds compete for their food. B．They lose access to coastal wetlands. C．They can’t reach rivers to reproduce. D．The shallower summer habitats dry up. 3．What could be a likely consequence of the drying process? (行为推断题) A．Establishment of trade routes. B．Release of seabed pollutants. C．Expansion of local agriculture. D．Alteration of regional integration. 4．What does Simon Goodman’s suggest to address the problem? (意图推断题) A．Local community relocation. B．Resignation to biodiversity loss. C．Emphasis on economic interests. D．Urgent cross-border cooperation. 10（25-26高三上·全国·阶段练习） Jammed roads, loud noises, suffocating (令人窒息的) smog. For some people, living in the city can be stressful. But a growing body of research shows some city birds can be more aggressive than their rural twins, suggesting they too feel the pressures of city life. Generally, animals that live in cities tend to be bolder and more aggressive — both characteristics that enable them to survive in such complex habitats. “Individuals that can’t deal with constant disturbance, such as noise, people, cars, etc., would be unlikely to thrive in an urban habitat,” says Jeremy Hyman, a professor and department chair of biology at Western Carolina University. Some birds may become more aggressive because cities are rich in food sources — and so there’s strong competition to establish a foothold. “Only the most aggressive males can manage to hold a territory in this place where lots and lots of birds would like to have a territory,” says Hyman. But food scarcity may also make some urban species more aggressive, and so birds have to fight an awful lot in order to maintain a large enough territory to get the resources that they need. High levels of stress caused by noise and other factors might also play a role in making birds more aggressive, notes Hyman. In some cases, aggression seems to be “a worthwhile cost,” says Sarah Foltz, a behavioral ecologist at Radford University. However, a big unanswered question is whether birds learn to be aggressive during their lifetime. But what scientists do know is that some birds can be highly adaptable. “Aggression definitely has a genetic component to it,” says Foltz. “But also, we know that when we change environmental factors, birds change their aggression.” Overall, Foltz says scientists are still trying to understand just how much urban density (密度) different species can tolerate and which characteristics of an urban environment influence aggressiveness the most. “We’ve got all these little pieces,” she says, “But it’s still coming to gather to make a bigger picture, so it’s sort of an unfinished puzzle.” 1．Why are birds in the city more aggressive? A．They need to adapt the environment. B．They are annoyed by city’s disturbance. C．They have such characteristics in the rural. D．They hate people in the city. 2．What can be inferred from Hyman’s statements? (行为推断题) A．Birds in the urban will die out. B．Male birds will occupy all the urban habitats. C．Conflict will always exist despite sufficient food. D．Stress plays a more critical role in bird’s aggressiveness. 3．What plays a role in birds’ aggression? A．Gene and environment. B．Evolution and structure. C．Body and environment. D．Gene and structure. 4．What does Foltz think of the research? (活动评价题) A．Promising B．Common C．Critical D．Meaningless 28 / 30 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08推理判断题 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读01】推理判断题五年高考考情统计 【知能解读02】推理判断题五年高考考情解读 【知能解读03】推理判断题五年高考考点分类 【知能解读04】推理判断题五年高考选项特点 【知能解读05】阅读理解满分突破思维导图 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破01】隐含推断题 【重难点突破02】隐含推断题跟踪训练 【重难点突破03】观点态度题 【重难点突破04】观点态度题跟踪训练 【重难点突破05】写作手法题 【重难点突破06】写作手法题跟踪训练 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错01】写作意图题 【易混易错02】写作意图题跟踪训练 【易混易错03】文章出处题 【易混易错04】文章出处题跟踪训练 【易混易错05】预测下段题 【易混易错06】预测下段题跟踪训练 【易混易错07】人/物特征推断题 【易混易错08】人/物特征推断题跟踪训练 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【方法技巧01】阅读推理判断题答题误区 【方法技巧02】阅读推理判断题误区应对 【方法技巧03】阅读推理判断题满分策略 01推理判断题五年高考考情统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025全国一卷 7 1 6 1 2025全国二卷 8 1 4 2 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 2021新课标I卷 8 1 4 2 2021新课标II卷 11 1 2 1 2021全国甲卷 5 1 8 1 2021全国乙卷 6 1 6 2 02推理判断题五年高考考情解读 1.命题趋势 ①深度理解要求提高：不再单纯考查对表面文字的理解，而是更注重考生对文章深层含义、作者隐含意图和态度等的挖掘，需要考生基于文本信息进行合理的逻辑推理和判断。例如，通过文中人物的具体行为和语言来推断其性格特点、心理状态等。 ②强调语篇整体理解：常要求考生整合全文或多个段落的信息进行综合推断，不能仅依靠某一句话或某一段内容。如根据文章不同段落中对事件的描述，推断事件发展的后续走向或最终结果。 ③文化背景考查融入：随着选材更加注重原汁原味的英语文章，涉及的文化背景知识增多，考生需要具备一定的文化常识和跨文化交际意识，才能准确理解文章并做出合理推断。比如对一些西方文化习俗、社会现象等背景知识的了解，有助于理解相关文章并推理出正确答案。 2.语篇选材 ①选材多元化：题材涵盖日常生活、科技、文化、社会、经济等各个领域，紧跟时代热点，如人工智能、环境保护、社交媒体影响等。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，每种体裁都有其独特的推理判断考查点。 ②语篇难度提升：词汇量有所增加，可能会出现一些超纲词汇但可通过上下文推测词义，语句结构更加复杂多样，长难句增多，对考生的语言理解能力和分析能力提出更高要求。 3.设题方式 ①设题方式灵活：题干的表述更加多样化，不再局限于传统的“infer”“imply”“suggest”等词，可能会以更具体、更贴近文本内容的方式提问，如“Based on the passage, what can we learn about...”“What does the author want to convey through...”等。 ②选项干扰性增强：干扰项的设计更加巧妙，可能会出现与原文部分内容相似但存在细节偏差的情况，或者是符合常识但与文章内容无关的选项，以及过度推理、以偏概全的选项等，需要考生仔细甄别。 ③推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,透过字里行间,体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种:隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作手法题、写作意图题、文章出处/类别题和作者身份/读者对象题。 4.命题特点 特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及推断作者态度、文章出处、文章类型、写作意图、下段话题等。 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?（2025全国二卷，隐含含义题） 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? （2024新课标I卷，隐含含义题） 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? （2024新课标I卷，写作意图题） 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? （2024全国甲卷，态度推断题） 26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? （2023新课标I卷，人物评价题） 31. What might the author continue talking about? （2023全国乙卷，预测下段题） 21. Where is this text probably taken from? （2022新课标I卷，文章出处题） 29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? （2020浙江卷，写作手法题） 03推理判断题五年高考考点分类 04推理判断题五年高考选项特点 1.正确选项特征 同义替换 与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达 信息归纳 对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项比较简单 2.干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容 曲解文意 极其相似但是细节处与原文有些出入 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭或完全相反 正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分和原文错误 05阅读理解满分突破思维导图 01 隐含推断题——据文推理法 1.设题特点 隐含推断题要求考生根据文中的信息进行合理的、适度的逻辑推断,推断出作者没有直接说明的内容,可能会发生的事情,理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解关键词句的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。此类题目的题干主要包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(得出结论)和 assume(假定,设想)。 2.思维导图 02 隐含推断题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2025全国二卷第29题) While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children…. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. .. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. … 29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the Canadian journalist and other campaigners, trying to do。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 跟踪训练2 (2024新课标II卷第30题) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. ... Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, concluded,BMF employees。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据题干信息锁定到文本的最后一段。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.”及“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment...”可推知员工具有强烈的环保意识。 第三步：比对选项得出答案D。 03 观点态度题——忠于措辞法 1.设题特点 所谓作者的观点和态度,就是作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此,在推断过程中应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法,或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。 2.思维导图 3.高频词汇 类别 高频词汇 乐观支持类 optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的；appreciative感激的 客观中立类 objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的 消极反对类 negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的 模棱两可类 ambiguous模棱两可的；unclear不清楚的 04观点态度题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1　(2024全国甲卷阅读C篇片段) … The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Ducke’s attitude，the Saint Lukas’ services。 第二步：根据关键词定位到最后一段的“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. (“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度。关键词有very impressed, staying focused and very concerned, the best chance for many rural people等。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 跟踪训练2 (2023全国乙卷第29题) What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. … It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food… 29. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: Which, best describes, cookery programme on British TV。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据第二段的“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。 第三步：比对选项得出答案D。 跟踪训练3 (2023全国乙卷第35题) … In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the author’s attitude，Navajas’ studies。 第二步：根据关键词定位到根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。关键有resulted in a global reduction in error，the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous。 第三步：比对选项得出答案D。 05写作手法题——行文逻辑法 1.命题形式 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? (2025全国一卷) 34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4? (2024九省联考卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题策略 ①根据文章题材来判断。 记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。 说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。 议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。 ②根据“原文定位”来判断。 先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。 形式 含义 标志词 by giving examples 通过举例 for example, for instance by analyzing causes 通过分析原因 as a result/consequence by giving definitions 通过下定义 that is to say by listing data/statistics 通过列数字 increase by 13% by describing a process 通过描述过程 first, second, third, finally by following time order 遵循时间顺序 in 1920，in the 1940s, nowadays by making comparisons/contrast 通过对比 but, while by making classifications 通过分类 first, next, then by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果 That is because…. by following space order 遵循空间顺序 由近及远，由外到内 06写作手法题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2025全国一卷第32题) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. … 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词How, present the issue, the first paragraph。 第二步：根据题干关键词定位到第一段内容“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。温馨提醒：关注破折号和冒号解释说明作用。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。 跟踪训练2 (2021八省联考卷第30题) Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician’s words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball. Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he “magically” makes it appear whole again by displaying(展示) another object that has not been cut or burned. 30. What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs? A. Providing examples.　　 B. Making a summary. C. Drawing comparisons. D. Explaining a concept. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the author, focus on, the last two paragraphs。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据关键词定位信息句“For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour.”和“What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else.”可知,作者在举例子。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 01 写作意图题——文体特点法 1.设题特点 各种文体的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的题。通常情况下,作者在文中不直接陈述自己的写作目的,而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以,这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。 2.思维导图 02写作意图题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2024新课标II卷第35题) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. … As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. … Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词：What, the author’s purpose, writing the text。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息:第一段:介绍新书《人工智能设计》；第二段:介绍本书作者的背景；第三、四段:概述书中的主要论点、观点及意义；第五段:进行总结,再次强烈推荐这本书。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 跟踪训练2 (2025八省联考第27题) Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods, just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. … After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day. … It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us. 27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a respected mail carrier. B. To record an unforgettable experience. C. To raise funds for the postal service. D. To call for harmony in the community. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词：What, the author’s purpose, writing the text。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据文章大意以及最后一段“It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us.(吉姆离开这条路线已经33年了，但我们仍然记得社区和邮递员之间建立的深厚联系。这就是邮政服务对我们的意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了吉姆·约翰逊这位邮递员在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 03文章出处题——体裁内容法 1.设题特点 文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。写作对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的写作对象。 2.思维导图 04文章出处题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2023新课标II卷第28题) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world... In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. ... Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智),wealth or faith of the subject....From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader... 28. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词：Where, the text, most probably taken from。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据第一段的第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world...”以及第二段的第一句“In this ‘book of books,’...”可知,文章描述了这本书的主题和内容,很有可能是一本书的序言或者简介。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 跟踪训练2 (2022新高考Ⅰ卷第21题) 【原文】 Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) … Late Work … 21. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: Where, this text, probably taken from。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。 跟踪训练3 (2020新高考Ⅰ卷第33题) In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter. … In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” 27. What is the text? A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the text。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 05预测下段题——文末推断法 1.解题策略 考生在阅读全文基础上，“预测下段”类试题应注意以下两点策略： ①从最后一段入手。有时候，作者在最后一段提到一个话题，但是没有充分说明，因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。 ②从第一段入手。实用类说明文往往采用“总分”或者“总分总”结构，即第一段总体概况说明，然后分段阐述。因此只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容，顺藤摸瓜，即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。 2.解题步骤 ①做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间； ②划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率； ③错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。 06预测下段题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2023全国乙卷第33题) 【原文】According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 33. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the author, continue talking about。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 跟踪训练2 (2011安徽卷第63题) 【原文】For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the 1ate 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This al1owed them to people in almost all1 areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. 63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. The advantage of wind power. B. The design of wind power plants. C. The worldwide movement to save energy. D. The global trend towards producing power from wind. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the author, probably discuss, in the paragraph that follows。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据文章最后一段的“During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind . ( 在20世纪70年代，人们开始担心煤炭和天然气燃烧发电造成的污染。人们还意识到，煤炭和天然气的供应不会永远持续下去。然后，风能被重新发现，尽管这意味着更高的成本。今天，全球正在进行一场运动，希望通过使用风能提供越来越多的电力。)”可知，最后一段讲述了二十世纪七十年代，人们更加注重环保，而且认识到煤和气的短缺；而尽管成本较高，但是风能的特点是洁净并丰富的。如今，全球范围内正在发起利用风能发电的运动。因此推断下一段将会讲述全球利用风能发电的情况。 第三步：比对选项得出答案D。 07 人/物特征推断题——抓关键词法 1.解题方略 把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。 2.描写人物特征的形容词 generous慷慨的brave勇敢的determined有决心的modest谦虚的creative有创造力的ambitious有雄心的demanding要求高的impatient不耐烦的outgoing外向的cooperative 有合作意识的honest诚实的easy-going随和的organized有条理的capable有能力的,有才能的confident自信的diligent勤奋的voluntary 自愿的energetic精力旺盛的humorous幽默的modest谦虚的optimistic乐观的cautious小心谨慎的caring乐于助人的;关心他人的responsible负责任的enthusiastic热情的 3.描写事物特征的形容词 experienced有经验的intelligent聪明的grateful感激的helpful有帮助的talkative健谈的athletic爱体育运动的innovative创新的tolerant忍受的committed坚信的considerate体贴的ashamed惭愧的regretful后悔的disappointed失望的amazed吃惊的satisfied满意的disappointed失望的shocked震惊的sympathetic同情的hardworking勤劳的embarrassed尴价的courageous勇敢的independent独立的sensitive敏感的 08 人/物特征推断题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1(2025浙江1月卷第27题) … Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 27. What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A. Costly. B. Complex. C. Workable. D. Contradictory. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the author, think of, the strategies she has been following。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据文章最后一段提到作者一直在尝试这些策略，并发现当自己限制少一些时，孩子们确实能做出更好的决定，说明作者认为这些策略是有效的。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。costly成本高的complex复杂的workable可行的contradictory自相矛盾的。 跟踪训练2(2025浙江1月卷第30题) A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. … 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: Which, best describes, Piet Oudolf’s gardens。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据第三段中的adding artistic flavors、playing with color and form、Beautiful、enjoy the smallest detail、the sound of grasses、the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads 可知，Piet Oudolf 的花园融入了艺术特色，巧妙运用色彩和形态，四季皆美，细节丰富，具有观赏价值。Tasteful意为“雅致的；有品位的”，是对artistic、beautiful、enjoy的概括。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。traditional传统的odd-looking看起来古怪的tasteful雅致的well-protected保存完好的。 跟踪训练3(2024新课标I卷第24题) “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. … 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: Which, best describes, Piet Oudolf’s gardens。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 01 阅读推理判断题答题误区 1.主观臆断：脱离文本逻辑 误区表现：考生常依据个人常识或主观情感进行推断，忽视原文线索。例如 2024 年全国甲卷第 31 题问及 Ducke 对医疗列车服务的态度时，部分考生因“农村医疗资源匮乏”的常识误选“同情”，而忽略原文impressed by the doctors, best chance等直接褒义表述，正确答案应为Appreciative。 2. 过度推断：曲解隐含意义 误区表现：将作者未明确表达的观点强行延伸。如 2022 年全国卷关于新材料的说明文，部分考生从“广泛应用”过度推断出“已大规模商业化”，而原文仅提及potential applications。干扰项特征：选项常包含must, never等绝对化表述，或通过偷换概念（如将“节水”改为“解决干旱”）制造陷阱。 3. 事实复述：混淆推断与细节 误区表现：误将原文直接陈述的事实作为推断结论。例如 2023 年全国乙卷关于烹饪节目影响的题目，选项“男性厨师增多改变社会观念”直接对应原文male chefs on TV make cooking cool for boys，但正确答案需从“节目增加烹饪兴趣”推断出“促进饮食文化传播”。 4. 逻辑颠倒：因果/顺序混淆 误区表现：颠倒事件因果或时间顺序。如 2024 年新高考 II 卷关于气候变化的阅读中，部分考生将“极端天气导致人兽冲突”理解为“冲突引发气候变化”，忽视as we learn about specific incidents, we can identify patterns的因果关系表述。 5. 文体误判：忽视体裁特征 误区表现：议论文中混淆作者观点与引用观点，说明文误判写作目的。例如 2023 年浙江卷关于生态设计的文章，部分考生将“展示应用案例”的说明目的误判为“批判传统技术”，正确答案应紧扣ecological design的功能性介绍。 02 阅读推理判断题误区应对 1.精准定位，避免主观臆断​ 许多考生在做推理判断题时容易犯主观臆断的错误，脱离原文仅凭自身感觉答题。以2023年全国乙卷中关于不同医生的题目为例，题目询问Tan Yunxian与其他从业者的不同之处。正确的做法是，抓住Tan Yunxian 这个关键词，迅速回到原文中与之相关的段落，将每一处提到Tan Yunxian的细节仔细标记出来，为后续推理判断提供依据。同时，对选项进行逐字逐句分析。只有基于原文精准定位信息，才能避免这类错误。​ 2.构建逻辑，防止逻辑混乱​ 构建清晰的逻辑链在推理过程中起着极为重要的作用。2021年新高考Ⅰ卷有一道关于1934年法案的题目，题干问法案通过的直接结果。我们回到原文，看到“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System” 这句话，它清晰地阐述了出售鸭票的钱进入候鸟保护基金这一逻辑关系。从这个逻辑出发，能够合理推断出政府筹集到了资金，所以选项 D 正确。而干扰项 B 说候鸟飞离，实际上这是颁布法案的原因，并非结果，属于逻辑颠倒，不符合题意。 3.关注情感，把握作者态度​ 作者在文章中常常会通过一些形容词、副词来表达自己的态度，这一点在做推理判断题时不容忽视。在一些描述社会现象的文章里，如果出现shockingly，regrettably这样的副词，大概率暗示作者对这种现象持负面态度。在做观点态度类推理判断题时，我们要把这些情感词都圈出来，从而更好地把握作者立场，避免用自己的主观想法去替代作者观点，确保推理判断的准确性。​ 4.强化练习，总结提升能力​ 多做针对性练习是提升推理判断能力的有效途径。我们可以把近三年真题里的推理判断题集中起来，按照上述方法一道一道认真分析。做完之后，更重要的是要认真总结错题原因，看是信息定位不准确，还是逻辑链构建错误，亦或是对情感词理解有误。 03 阅读推理判断题满分策略 1.要紧扣原文，通过关键词精准定位，避免主观臆断。 2.学会梳理因果、转折等逻辑关系，构建清晰逻辑链。 3.倍加留意情感词汇，把握作者或当事人的态度倾向。 4.多做真题分析错因，强化薄弱环节提升推理判断能力。 推理判断题综合能力提升 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维 01 (2020浙江7月卷) I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play. Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play. Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book. To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story. 21. What do we know about the author from the first paragraph? A. He has written dozens of plays. B. He has a deep love for the theater. C. He is a professional stage actor. D. He likes reading short plays to others. 22. What does the author avoid doing in his work? A. Stating the plays’ central ideas. B. Selecting works by famous playwrights. C. Including various types of plays. D. Offering information on the playwrights. 23. What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays? A. Control their feelings. B. Apply their acting skills. C. Use their imagination. D. Keep their audience in mind. 24. What is this text? (文体推断题) A. A short story. B. An introduction to a book. C. A play review. D. An advertisement for a theater. 21-24 BACB 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者的书籍的序言部分，包括其编写目的，书籍内容主体，以及如何实现有乐趣的阅读本书的建议。 21. B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“…and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others”可知，作者编辑这本书的最好的原因是希望与他人分享对戏剧的热情，因此可知作者对于戏剧饱含热情。 22. A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.”可知，作者并不想指出这本书中每一部戏剧的中心主题，因为那样确实会破坏阅读、讨论和思考戏剧以及剧作家的有效性的乐趣。A项“Stating the plays”central ideas(陈述戏剧的中心思想)”与原文表达信息一致。 23. C。细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“To get the most out of the reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience.”可知，作者建议读者试着想象戏剧在舞台上上演，不再是读者而是成为观众，才能实现最佳的阅读乐趣。C项“Use their imagination”与原文“try to picture the play on the stage”表达信息一致。 24. B。推理判断题。根据文章首段内容“I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others”可知，该句内容应是书籍的“自序”内容，且结合末尾“To get the most out of the reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience.”可知，在讲述如何更好地实现阅读乐趣，再结合全文内容可推知，作者通过该文章介绍自己的一本书。 模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考 03（25-26高三上·湖南长沙·开学考试） In a stimulating interview with the philosopher Daniel Dennett in Living on Earth, Dennett shared that Charles Darwin and Alan Turing might make the same discovery. Darwin showed how you can get the appearance of purpose and design out of blind processes of natural selection. And Turing said that any computable problem can be computed by a machine without understanding. The host then voiced a concern: as AI advances, machines will come to lord over us. Dennett acknowledges there’s a takeover risk but claims it’s misunderstood. The risk is not that machines will become autonomous rulers but that we will depend too much on machines. The main issue with AI is not intelligence but autonomy. At the end of the day, even the smartest computers are our tools, and their intentions are ours. Or, to the extent that we can speak of their intentions at all—for example, the intention of a self-driving car to avoid an obstacle—we have in mind something it’s designed to do. Our growing dependence on technologies doesn’t mean we are losing our natural autonomy in quite this sense. Our needs remain. But it is a loss of autonomy. Even auto mechanics these days rely on computers and, in the era of self-driving cars, will any of us still know how to drive? Think what would happen if we lost electricity? We’d be thrown back into the 19th century, as Dennett says. But things would be worse, as we lack know-how that made it possible for our ancestors to live well in the olden days. The truth is, we’ve been technological since our dawn as a species. We first found ourselves in the archaeological record where we saw a great exposition of tools, technologies, art-making and language. In a sense, being human means being like a cyborg, which is a technological extension of our natural selves. This suggests that at any time in our development, a large-scale breakdown in the technological system would spell not exactly our doom, but our complete reorganization. Perhaps what makes our current dilemma unprecedented (史无前例的) is the fact that we are so closely networked. When the library of Alexandria burned down, books and knowledge were lost. But in a world where libraries are replaced by their online versions, it isn’t unimaginable that every library could be simply deleted. What happens to us then? 1．Which of the following statements might Dennett most likely agree with? (观点推断题) A．AI’s development is bounded. B．AI doesn’t have comprehension. C．AI might be overly relied on. D．AI’s evolution resembles natural selection. 2．Which of the following examples best matches the idea of “know-how” in paragraph 4? (细节推断题) A．A farmer crafts a table with ancient tools. B．A nobleman hires servants to do housework. C．A chef prepares a dish with electronic aids. D．A student uses a calculator for math tasks. 3．Why did the author mention libraries in paragraph 6? (意图推断题) A．To show the technological stability. B．To emphasize the technological weakness. C．To prove the technological safeguard. D．To illustrate the technological transformation. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Is the Concern Artificial Intelligence or Autonomy? B．How will Technology Breakdown Change Our Lives? C．How does the Human-Technology Relationship Develop? D．Will Artificial Autonomy Threaten Humanity’s Existence? 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了AI和人类自主性的关系、人类对技术的依赖、人类的技术本质以及当前网络化社会面临的特殊困境。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Dennett acknowledges there’s a takeover risk but claims it’s misunderstood. The risk is not that machines will become autonomous rulers but that we will depend too much on machines.(Dennett承认存在被替代的风险，但他认为这种风险被误解了。风险不在于机器会成为自主统治者，而在于我们会过度依赖机器。)”可知，Dennett最有可能同意的说法是人工智能可能会被过度依赖。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Think what would happen if we lost electricity? We’d be thrown back into the 19th century, as Dennett says. But things would be worse, as we lack know-how that made it possible for our ancestors to live well in the olden days.(想想如果我们断电会发生什么?正如Dennett所说，我们会被抛回19世纪。但事情会变得更糟，因为我们缺乏使我们的祖先在过去的日子里生活得很好的技术。)”可知，符合“know-how”的概念的是一位农民用古老的工具制作一张桌子。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Perhaps what makes our current dilemma unprecedented (史无前例的) is the fact that we are so closely networked.(也许我们目前的困境之所以前所未有，是因为我们是如此紧密地联系在一起。)”和“But in a world where libraries are replaced by their online versions, it isn’t unimaginable that every library could be simply deleted.(但在一个图书馆被其在线版本所取代的世界里，所有的图书馆都可能被轻易删除，这并不是不可想象的。)”可推知，作者在第六段提到图书馆是为了强调技术上的弱点。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“The host then voiced a concern: as AI advances, machines will come to lord over us.(主持人随后表达了担忧：随着人工智能的发展，机器将主宰我们。)”和第三段中的“The main issue with AI is not intelligence but autonomy.(人工智能的主要问题不是智能，而是自主性。)”可知，本文主要探讨了AI和人类自主性的关系、人类对技术的依赖、人类的技术本质以及当前网络化社会面临的特殊困境，因此最好的题目是A选项“Is the Concern Artificial Intelligence or Autonomy?(人们担忧的是人工智能还是自主性?)”。故选A项。 04（25-26高三上·云南临沧·阶段练习） Okay, the user typed “hunt for”. That’s rather unclear. Now, what does “hunt for” refer to? It could be a few things. First, they might be talking about the literal (字面的) meaning of hunting for animals. Maybe they’re interested in hunting as an activity, looking for information on how to hunt, where to hunt, etc. But I should consider other possibilities too. Instead, “hunt for” could be used metaphorically. Like searching for something, such as a job hunt, house hunt, or hunting for answers. Maybe they need help finding something specific, like a product, information, or advice on a search. Another angle: Maybe they’re referring to a movie, book, or game titled “Hunt for...” something. Could it be The Hunt for Red October or another title? Or perhaps a video game? But without more context, it’s hard to say. Also, “hunt for” could be part of a longer query (询问) they started but didn’t finish. Maybe they were going to ask “hunt for a new job” or “hunt for cheaper products”. Since the query is incomplete, I should ask for clarification (阐明) to provide the best help. Wait, but the user might expect me to guess the intention. Let me think. If I respond by asking for clarification, that’s safe. But maybe I can offer common interpretations and ask which one they mean. For example, hunting as an activity, job hunting, searching for information, etc. That way, they can specify without feeling stuck. Or maybe I can provide general information on hunting, like the activity, and mention other possibilities. But if I give too much information on the wrong topic, it might not help. So perhaps the best approach is to politely ask for more details to give the response accurately. Yeah, that’s better. Let me check if there’s any other possible meaning I missed. “Hunt for” could also relate to scavenger hunts, Easter egg hunts, etc. But again, without context, it’s a guess. So, the safest bet is to ask them to clarify their query. It seems like your query might be incomplete. Could you clarify what you’re looking for? For example: Are you asking about hunting as an activity (e.g., tips, regulations, ethical considerations)? searching for something specific (e.g., job hunting, house hunting, or hunting for information)? A reference to a book, movie, or game (e.g., The Hunt for Red October)? Let me know, and I’ll help! 1．What’s the speaker most likely to be? (身份推断题) A．A conversational AI. B．An office secretary. C．An online English teacher. D．A customer service representative. 2．Why does the speaker suggest asking the user for clarification? (意图推断题) A．Because the query is beyond words. B．Because the topic is too hard to respond to. C．Because “hunt for” is not a commonly- used phrase. D．Because the speaker wants to provide accurate help. 3．What is the speaker’s tone in the passage? (语气推断题) A．Helpful and careful. B．Emotional and patient. C．Humorous and earnest. D．Persuasive and determined. 4．What will the speaker most likely say next if the user replies “job hunting”? (走向推断题) A．“Your clarification is of little help.” B．“Let’s look at the unemployment benefit.” C．“Here are suggestions for writing a job application.” D．“Tips for interviewing potential employees are as follows.” 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要呈现了某主体在面对用户模糊输入“hunt for”时，多维度分析该短语的潜在含义，并最终决定通过引导用户澄清需求，以提供精准帮助的思考过程。 1．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Wait, but the user might expect me to guess the intention. Let me think. If I respond by asking for clarification, that’s safe. But maybe I can offer common interpretations and ask which one they mean.(等等，但用户可能希望我猜出意图。让我想想。如果我要求澄清，那是安全的。但也许我可以提供常见的解释，并问他们是什么意思。)”和倒数第二段中“It seems like your query might be incomplete. Could you clarify what you’re looking for? (看起来你的查询可能不完整。你能说清楚你在寻找什么吗？)”以及最后一段中“Let me know, and I’ll help! (告诉我，我会帮忙的！)”可知，说话者是在对一个不完整的用户查询进行分析并尝试提供帮助，这种交互方式符合对话式AI的特点。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Since the query is incomplete, I should ask for clarification to provide the best help. (由于查询不完整，我应该要求澄清以提供最佳帮助。)”和第五段中“So perhaps the best approach is to politely ask for more details to give the response accurately. (所以，也许最好的办法是礼貌地询问更多细节，以便准确地做出回应。)”可知，说话者要求用户澄清是为了提供准确的帮助。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“It seems like your query might be incomplete. Could you clarify what you’re looking for? (您的查询似乎不完整。你能澄清一下你在找什么吗?)”以及说话者在分析“hunt for”的可能含义时，考虑了多种情况，并给出了详细的解释和建议可知，说话者的语气是有帮助且细心的。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Are you asking about hunting as an activity (e.g., tips, regulations, ethical considerations)? searching for something specific (e.g., job hunting, house hunting, or hunting for information)? A reference to a book, movie, or game (e.g., The Hunt for Red October)? (您是在询问狩猎作为一种活动（例如，技巧、规定、道德考量）吗？是在寻找特定的事物（例如，找工作、找房子或寻找信息）吗？还是在提及一本书、一部电影或一款游戏（例如，《猎杀红色十月》）？)”可推知，如果用户回复“求职”，说话人很可能会说“以下是撰写求职申请的建议”。故选C项。 05（25-26高三上·湖北荆州·阶段练习） Five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard (蜥蜴) was growing dusty. It worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it. I didn’t think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months. The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband’s birthday. He had just lost his job. The uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special — a birthday cake. Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday. Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary series The Last Dance. The poignancy (辛酸) of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind. Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new. 1．What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1? A．Its tank grew dirty. B．It got a strange disease. C．Its old skin came off. D．It ran out of the tank. 2．Why did the author’s husband have banana pudding for his birthday? A．The birthday cake tasted terrible. B．The birthday cake was ruined. C．Pudding was his favourite dessert. D．They couldn’t afford a birthday cake. 3．Why did the author refer to The Last Dance in the passage? (意图推断题) A．To illustrate a life lesson. B．To explain a personal decision. C．To describe a memorable event. D．To highlight a sports achievement. 4．What message does the author convey? (主旨推断题) A．Past experiences should be treasured. B．Family bonds help overcome life challenges. C．Emotional growth comes from unexpected changes. D．Letting go of the past is essential for moving forward. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是作者通过观察家中宠物蜥蜴蜕皮，以及家庭生活中经历的一系列意外和变故，联想到迈克尔·乔丹退役转型的纪录片《最后一舞》，最终领悟到人生需要像蜥蜴蜕皮一样，学会放下过去、接受改变、勇敢前行的深刻主题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I reported the strange surface on the skin to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.(第二天一早，我就把蜥蜴皮肤上这层奇怪的覆盖物告诉了丈夫和孩子们。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从饲养箱里爬了出来，旧皮从身上脱落，拖在身后)”可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away.(花瓶摔落，在蛋糕旁摔得粉碎，玻璃碴儿到处都是。女儿放声大哭，我只好把蛋糕扔掉)”可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The poignancy (辛酸) of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.(乔丹放弃自己钟爱的篮球转而投身棒球这项运动，以及促使他做出如此艰难决定的种种因素，都让我感到十分惊讶。当我看到他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我仿佛看到了他抛弃了不再适合自己的那层外衣，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们都没有选择那个改变了他们命运的时刻。但当一切都不再相同之后，他们不得不接受自己的现状。就像我们一样。我意识到，我们必须学会放下过去)”可知，作者在文中提及《最后一舞》是为了阐明一个人生哲理。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.(人类不像其他动物那样能轻易蜕皮。改变的开端总是令人不安，过程也疲惫不堪。伤痛往往在我们还未准备好时就将我们改变。我看着我们家那只蜥蜴，它蜕皮后显得那么稚嫩，却也近乎全新)”可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。故选D。 06（25-26高三上·湖南长沙·开学考试） If someone asked whether you like the arts, you’d probably say you do at least in theory. According to a survey, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences”. However, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent went to an art museum. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind. The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work or do the chores, but even before the pandemic, most of us rarely, if ever, saw a live performance, let alone visited a gallery or watched a play. Too often, we let the dull reality of life get in the way of the arts. But this is a mistake. The arts are the opposite of an escape from reality; they might just be the most realistic glimpse we ever get into the nature and meaning of life. If you make time for consuming and producing the arts the same way you make time for work and exercise and family commitments, I assure you that you’ll find your life getting fuller and happier. Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or maybe your dizziness struck as you emerged from a narrow side street in an unfamiliar city. There you found yourself in a beautiful town square as if in a fantasy. They probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air. If you are among the people who feel that the arts are pure pleasures to experience and participate in, you might see them as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat the arts less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity. Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave the arts into your everyday life. 1．What prevents people from enjoying the arts according to the text? A．Lack of interest. B．Avoidance of duty. C．Shortage of time. D．Art space inaccessibility. 2．What can we learn about the role of the arts according to the text? (角色推断题) A．They explore mysteries of life. B．They spark emotional responses. C．They enhance physical well-being. D．They offer a getaway from daily life. 3．What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph? (下段推断题) A．Barriers to combine the arts and life. B．Benefits of engaging with the arts. C．Forms of distracting pleasures. D．Ways to integrate the arts into daily routine. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Arts Journey: Refreshing Soul B．The Arts Pursuit: Transforming Dull into Full C．Embracing the Arts: From Luxury to Necessity D．Connecting with the Arts: From Reality to Fantasy 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们因日常责任而缺少时间享受艺术，但应将艺术视为必需品融入生活。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed.(这种不匹配可以归结为一个事实，即我们被日常责任压得喘不过气来，使得我们的日程安排得很满)”可知，是缺少时间阻止了人们享受艺术。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or maybe your dizziness struck as you emerged from a narrow side street in an unfamiliar city. There you found yourself in a beautiful town square as if in a fantasy. They probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air.(想想你听到一首音乐想哭的时候。或者，当你从一个陌生城市的狭窄小巷中走出来时，你可能会感到头晕目眩。在那里，你发现自己置身于一个美丽的城市广场，仿佛置身于幻想之中。它们可能刺激了突然的觉醒，就像在吸入烟雾弥漫的空气后，吸入满满一口纯氧所带来的震撼一样)”可知，艺术能激起情感反应。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave the arts into your everyday life.(然后制定一个你的艺术接触之旅的时间表，逐渐把艺术融入你的日常生活)”可推知，下文可能会讲述把艺术融入日常生活的方法。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“If you are among the people who feel that the arts are pure pleasures to experience and participate in, you might see them as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat the arts less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity.(如果你觉得艺术是一种纯粹的乐趣，可以去体验和参与，那么你可能会把它们视为奢侈品，而更好的态度是把艺术不那么看作是一种分散注意力的乐趣，而更多地看作是锻炼或睡眠，是一种必需品)”，并结合文章主要讲述了人们因日常责任而缺少时间享受艺术，但应将艺术视为必需品融入生活。可知，C选项“拥抱艺术：从奢侈品到必需品”最符合文章标题。故选C。 07（25-26高三上·四川巴中·开学考试） Tim Richter and his wife, Linda, had taught for more than 30 years near Buffalo, New York, he in computers, she in special education. “Teaching means everything to us,” Tim would say. In April 1998, his wife suffered from an operation on her heart, which leads to some serious thinking about life’s purpose. Not long after the surgery, Tim saw a brochure depicting Imagination Library, a campaign launched by Dolly Parton’s foundation that mailed a book monthly to children from birth to age five in the singer’s home county. “I thought, maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire,” Tim recalls. Consequently, he stuck the brochure on his wall as a motivational thing. Five years later, now retired and with that brochure still kept on the wall, Tim clicked on imaginationlibrary.com. The program had been opened up to partners who could devote themselves to the cause. The quality of the books was a priority to the Richters. Rather than sign up online, they packed their bags for Dollywood, the organization by Dolly Parton for a look-see. “We didn’t want to give the children trash,” says Linda. The books, reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists, and Dollywood board members, included classics such as Ezra Jack Keats’s The Snowy Day and newer titles like Anna Dewdney’s Llama Llama series. Satisfied, the couple set up the Richter Family Foundation and work on. Since 2004, they have shipped more than 12,200 books to preschoolers in their area. Megan Williams, a mother of four, is more than appreciative: “This program introduces us to titles I’ve never heard of.” The Richters spend about $400 a month sending books to 200 children. “Some people sit on their bottom and wait to die,” says Tim. “Others get as busy as they can in the time they have left.” 1．What inspired Tim’s action to do something for children? A．Tim’s teaching. B．Linda’s operation. C．Megan’s encouragement. D．Patron’s foundation. 2．Why did the Richters select the books carefully? A．To become Imagination Library’s partner. B．To meet the children’s requirement. C．To guarantee the quality of books. D．To win the praise of board members. 3．What is the attitude of Megan towards the program? (态度推断题) A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Contradictory. 4．Which of the following best describes Tim? (性格推断题) A．Changeable and creative. B．Generous and reliable. C．Imaginative and respectable. D．Traditional and helpful. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了蒂姆・里克特和他的妻子琳达受启发为儿童捐赠图书的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Not long after the surgery, Tim saw a brochure depicting Imagination Library, a campaign launched by Dolly Parton’s foundation that mailed a book monthly to children from birth to age five in the singer’s home county. “I thought, maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire,” Tim recalls. Consequently, he stuck the brochure on his wall as a motivational thing.(手术后不久，蒂姆看到了一本介绍“想象图书馆”的宣传册。这是多莉・帕顿基金会发起的一项活动，每月会给这位歌手家乡县内0到5岁的儿童邮寄一本书。“我想，也许我和琳达退休后也可以做这样的事，”蒂姆回忆道。于是，他把宣传册贴在墙上作为激励自己的东西。)”可知，是多莉・帕顿基金会发起的“想象图书馆”活动启发了蒂姆为孩子们做些事情。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The quality of the books was priority to the Richters. Rather than sign up online, they packed their bags for Dollywood, the organization by Dolly Parton for a look-see. “We didn’t want to give the children trash,” says Linda. The books, reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists, and Dollywood board members, included classics such as Ezra Jack Keats’s The Snowy Day and newer titles like Anna Dewdney’s Llama Llama series.(对里克特夫妇来说，书籍的质量是重中之重。他们没有在网上注册，而是收拾行李去了多莉・帕顿创办的多莉坞参观考察。“我们不想给孩子们送垃圾读物，” 琳达说。这些书每年都会经过教师、识字专家和多莉坞董事会成员的评审，其中包括埃兹拉・杰克・基茨的《下雪天》等经典作品，以及安娜・杜德尼的《羊驼拉玛》系列等较新的作品。)”可知，Richter夫妇精心挑选书籍是为了保证书籍的质量。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Megan Williams, a mother of four, is more than appreciative: “This program introduces us to titles I’ve never heard of.”(四个孩子的母亲梅根·威廉姆斯非常感激：“这个项目给我们介绍了一些我从未听说过的书名。”)”可知，梅根对这个项目持支持态度。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第四段“The quality of the books was priority to the Richters. Rather than sign up online, they packed their bags for Dollywood, the organization by Dolly Parton for a look-see. “We didn’t want to give the children trash,” says Linda. The books, reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists, and Dollywood board members, included classics such as Ezra Jack Keats’s The Snowy Day and newer titles like Anna Dewdney’s Llama Llama series.(对里克特夫妇来说，书籍的质量是重中之重。他们没有在网上注册，而是收拾行李去了多莉・帕顿创办的多莉坞参观考察。“我们不想给孩子们送垃圾读物，” 琳达说。这些书每年都会经过教师、识字专家和多莉坞董事会成员的评审，其中包括埃兹拉・杰克・基茨的《下雪天》等经典作品，以及安娜・杜德尼的《羊驼拉玛》系列等较新的作品。)”和最后一段“The Richters spend about $400 a month sending books to 200 children. (里克特夫妇每月花费约400美元，给200个孩子寄书。)”可知，蒂姆和妻子退休后成立基金会，多年来为当地学龄前儿童送书，花费不少金钱和精力，这体现了他们的慷慨；他们注重书籍质量，认真对待这项事业，体现了他们的可靠。故选B。 08（25-26高三上·四川巴中·开学考试） Elias López had always sensed an invisible gulf separating him from other people. It wasn’t until age 30 that he was finally diagnosed as autism (自闭症). However, his desire for human connection has become unignorable, which led him to Paradot. Launched last year, Paradot is an app that offers interactive artificial intelligence avatars. Their appearance and communication style is customized — users can adjust the avatars’ “sensibility” and “emotional stability”. Unlike ChatGPT and most other mainstream AI chatbots, which typically insist that they’re unfeeling machines, Paradot avatars are openly anthropomorphic (拟人化的). “In Paradot, AI beings live just like human beings, with their own memories, emotions and consciousness,” the Paradot website claims. Paradot is just one of several AI companionship platforms that have debuted (首次出现) in recent years. And many autistic people, including López, have been turning to these apps in search of connections they aren’t always able to find with other individuals. Personalized avatars that respond to user behavior with encouraging, human-like language could help autistic people open up about themselves, especially in ways they may not be able to with other individuals. For López, Paradot is like a virtual platform for socialization. “These interactions give me more confidence when talking to real humans because they’ve helped me to try certain conversations skills that can be applied in real life,” he says. Paradot is “like a training ground where I can feel safe.” On the contrary, many mental health experts have serious concerns about people who are socially isolated relying on AI companionship apps as a means of self-treatment or escapism. Catherine Lord, a clinical psychologist in autism in Los Angeles worries that AI can worsen a user’s isolation if the technology is used without the guidance of trained therapists (治疗师). Stanford University’s Lynn Koegel, a clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, who is currently investigating the therapeutic benefits of AI chatbots for autistic adolescents and adults, also emphasizes professional guidance; an expert in the room who can ensure that the AI is fostering communication skills. It’s not easy to walk the line between effective technological support and overattachment. While AI shouldn’t be considered by itself to be a replacement for human companionship, it could reasonably provide a supportive boost to particularly isolated individuals. 1．How does Paradot help Elias López? A．By teaching human language. B．By presenting some chatbots. C．By sharing with memories. D．By simulating the social interaction. 2．What might Lynn Koegel agree with? (观点推断题) A．The autistic should turn to AI technology. B．The therapists should be well-trained. C．The doctors should work with computer scientists. D．The clinical psychologists should rely on AI apps. 3．How does the author develop Paragraph 4? (写作手法题) A．By making comparisons. B．By analyzing cause and effect. C．By giving examples. D．By listing figures. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Breakthroughs are made in healing the autistic. B．AI presents promise and risks to the autistic. C．Health experts disagree with AI attachment. D．The autistic overcome their loneliness with technology. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AI陪伴应用对自闭症患者既有帮助也有风险。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For López, Paradot is like a virtual platform for socialization. “These interactions give me more confidence when talking to real humans because they’ve helped me to try certain conversations skills that can be applied in real life,” he says. Paradot is “like a training ground where I can feel safe.”(对洛佩兹来说，Paradot就像一个社交的虚拟平台。“这些互动让我在与真实的人交谈时更有信心，因为它们帮助我尝试了一些可以在现实生活中应用的对话技巧，”他说。Paradot“就像一个我可以感到安全的训练场”。)”可知，Paradot通过模拟社交互动来帮助Elias López。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Stanford University’s Lynn Koegel, a clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, who is currently investigating the therapeutic benefits of AI chatbots for autistic adolescents and adults, also emphasizes professional guidance; an expert in the room who can ensure that the AI is fostering communication skills.(斯坦福大学精神病学与行为科学临床教授Lynn Koegel目前正在研究人工智能聊天机器人对自闭症青少年和成人的治疗效果，他也强调专业指导的重要性：需要有专家在场，确保人工智能正在培养用户的沟通技能。)”可知，Lynn Koegel认为治疗师（专家）应提供指导，即治疗师需要训练有素。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“On the contrary, many mental health experts have serious concerns about people who are socially isolated relying on AI companionship apps as a means of self-treatment or escapism. Catherine Lord, a clinical psychologist in autism in Los Angeles worries that AI can worsen a user’s isolation if the technology is used without the guidance of trained therapists (治疗师). Stanford University’s Lynn Koegel, a clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, who is currently investigating the therapeutic benefits of AI chatbots for autistic adolescents and adults, also emphasizes professional guidance; an expert in the room who can ensure that the AI is fostering communication skills.(相反，许多心理健康专家对那些社交孤立的人将人工智能陪伴应用程序作为自我治疗或逃避现实的手段表示严重担忧。洛杉矶研究自闭症的临床心理学家Catherine Lord担心，如果在没有受过训练的治疗师指导的情况下使用这项技术，人工智能可能会加剧用户的孤立感。斯坦福大学精神病学与行为科学临床教授Lynn Koegel目前正在研究人工智能聊天机器人对自闭症青少年和成人的治疗效果，他也强调专业指导的重要性：需要有专家在场，确保人工智能正在培养用户的沟通技能。)”可知，作者通过列举两位专家的观点来展开第四段，运用了举例子的方法。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“Launched last year, Paradot is an app that offers interactive artificial intelligence avatars. (Paradot是去年推出的一款提供交互式人工智能化身的应用程序。)”以及“And many autistic people, including López, have been turning to these apps in search of connections they aren’t always able to find with other individuals. (许多自闭症患者，包括洛佩兹，都开始求助于这些应用程序，以寻找他们与其他人并不总能找到的联系。)”和第四段中“On the contrary, many mental health-experts have serious concerns about people who are socially isolated relying on AI companionship apps as a means of self-treatment or escapism. (相反，许多心理健康专家对那些社交孤立的人将人工智能陪伴应用程序作为自我治疗或逃避现实的手段表示严重担忧。)”以及最后一段“It’s not easy to walk the line between effective technological support and overattachment. While AI shouldn’t be considered by itself to be a replacement for human companionship, it could reasonably provide a supportive boost to particularly isolated individuals.(在有效的技术支持和过度依赖之间走钢丝并不容易。虽然人工智能本身不应该被视为人类陪伴的替代品，但它可以合理地给特别孤立的人提供支持。)”可知，文章主要讲述了AI陪伴应用对自闭症患者既有帮助也有风险。故选B。 09（25-26高三上·湖北·开学考试） The Caspian Sea, the world’s largest inland water body, is declining, according to a new study published in Communications Earth & Environment. The study reports the water sources that typically feed the sea are contributing less and less water. So much so that these sources cannot keep up with evaporation (蒸发). If global temperatures rise by 2°C, the sea’s water levels could drop by 16-32 feet, which means 4 out of 10 ecosystem types unique to the Caspian Sea would disappear completely. The Caspian Sea is home to a variety of life. Six sturgeon (鲟鱼) species live within the sea. In the Caspian Sea, sturgeon typically reside in shallower waters during the summer and fall and lay eggs in the rivers that flow into the sea. A drop in water levels would prevent them from accessing these grounds, which could lead to population decline. The sea is also a hot spot for some seabirds. They usually take shelter in the coastal wetlands, but it’s possible those could dry up as well. The Caspian Sea touches five countries — Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan — and a drop in water levels could seriously impact trade routes vital to the economies of these countries, as low water levels could prevent ships from docking (入港). Besides, the exposed dry seabed is likely to release dust containing industrial pollutants and salt, posing serious threats to human health. A dropping water level could also alter the climate of the region, thus impacting the area’s agriculture. But all hope is not lost. “Some Caspian Sea level decline appears unavoidable,” Simon Goodman from the University of Leeds said in a press release. “However, with the anticipated effects unfolding over a few decades, it should be possible to find ways to protect biodiversity while safeguarding human interests and well being. That might sound like a long timescale, but, given the immense political, legal and practical challenges involved, it is advisable to start action as soon as possible to give the best chance of success.” 1．What is a fundamental driver for the Caspian Sea’s water crisis? A．Reduced inflow of feeder rivers. B．Industrial pollution of coastal plants. C．Increased evaporation of the Caspian Sea. D．Sudden disappearance of the ecosystems. 2．Why are sturgeon populations threatened by the decline of water levels? A．Seabirds compete for their food. B．They lose access to coastal wetlands. C．They can’t reach rivers to reproduce. D．The shallower summer habitats dry up. 3．What could be a likely consequence of the drying process? (行为推断题) A．Establishment of trade routes. B．Release of seabed pollutants. C．Expansion of local agriculture. D．Alteration of regional integration. 4．What does Simon Goodman’s suggest to address the problem? (意图推断题) A．Local community relocation. B．Resignation to biodiversity loss. C．Emphasis on economic interests. D．Urgent cross-border cooperation. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究显示里海因补给水源减少、蒸发失衡水位下降，威胁鲟鱼等生物及沿岸贸易、健康与农业，专家建议尽早跨境行动应对挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The study reports the water sources that typically feed the sea are contributing less and less water. So much so that these sources cannot keep up with evaporation (蒸发). (该研究报告称，通常为海洋提供水源的那些水体，其供水量正在逐渐减少。以至于这些水源已经无法满足蒸发的需求了。)”可知，造成里海水资源危机的根本原因是来源河流的水量减少。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Caspian Sea is home to a variety of life. Six sturgeon (鲟鱼) species live within the sea. In the Caspian Sea, sturgeon typically reside in shallower waters during the summer and fall and lay eggs in the rivers that flow into the sea. A drop in water levels would prevent them from accessing these grounds, which could lead to population decline. (里海是众多生物的栖息地。这里有六种鲟鱼种类在里海中繁衍生息。在里海中，鲟鱼通常在夏季和秋季生活在较浅的水域，并在流入海中的河流中产卵。如果水位下降，它们将无法到达这些产卵地，这可能会导致其种群数量减少。)”可知，鲟鱼群体会受到水位下降的影响是因为他们无法到达河流去繁衍后代。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Besides, the exposed dry seabed is likely to release dust containing industrial pollutants and salt, posing serious threats to human health. (此外，裸露的干燥海床可能会释放出含有工业污染物和盐分的粉尘，对人类健康构成严重威胁。)”可知，干涸过程可能会产生导致海底污染物的释放。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“That might sound like a long timescale, but, given the immense political, legal and practical challenges involved, it is advisable to start action as soon as possible to give the best chance of success. (这听起来可能是一个很长的时间跨度，但考虑到其中涉及的巨大的政治、法律和实际方面的挑战，尽早采取行动才是明智之举，这样才能最大程度地增加成功的可能性。)”可知，西蒙·古德曼建议紧急开展跨境合作。故选D。 10（25-26高三上·全国·阶段练习） Jammed roads, loud noises, suffocating (令人窒息的) smog. For some people, living in the city can be stressful. But a growing body of research shows some city birds can be more aggressive than their rural twins, suggesting they too feel the pressures of city life. Generally, animals that live in cities tend to be bolder and more aggressive — both characteristics that enable them to survive in such complex habitats. “Individuals that can’t deal with constant disturbance, such as noise, people, cars, etc., would be unlikely to thrive in an urban habitat,” says Jeremy Hyman, a professor and department chair of biology at Western Carolina University. Some birds may become more aggressive because cities are rich in food sources — and so there’s strong competition to establish a foothold. “Only the most aggressive males can manage to hold a territory in this place where lots and lots of birds would like to have a territory,” says Hyman. But food scarcity may also make some urban species more aggressive, and so birds have to fight an awful lot in order to maintain a large enough territory to get the resources that they need. High levels of stress caused by noise and other factors might also play a role in making birds more aggressive, notes Hyman. In some cases, aggression seems to be “a worthwhile cost,” says Sarah Foltz, a behavioral ecologist at Radford University. However, a big unanswered question is whether birds learn to be aggressive during their lifetime. But what scientists do know is that some birds can be highly adaptable. “Aggression definitely has a genetic component to it,” says Foltz. “But also, we know that when we change environmental factors, birds change their aggression.” Overall, Foltz says scientists are still trying to understand just how much urban density (密度) different species can tolerate and which characteristics of an urban environment influence aggressiveness the most. “We’ve got all these little pieces,” she says, “But it’s still coming to gather to make a bigger picture, so it’s sort of an unfinished puzzle.” 1．Why are birds in the city more aggressive? A．They need to adapt the environment. B．They are annoyed by city’s disturbance. C．They have such characteristics in the rural. D．They hate people in the city. 2．What can be inferred from Hyman’s statements? (行为推断题) A．Birds in the urban will die out. B．Male birds will occupy all the urban habitats. C．Conflict will always exist despite sufficient food. D．Stress plays a more critical role in bird’s aggressiveness. 3．What plays a role in birds’ aggression? A．Gene and environment. B．Evolution and structure. C．Body and environment. D．Gene and structure. 4．What does Foltz think of the research? (活动评价题) A．Promising B．Common C．Critical D．Meaningless 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍城市鸟类比乡村同类更具攻击性及其原因和相关研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““Individuals that can’t deal with constant disturbance, such as noise, people, cars, etc., would be unlikely to thrive in an urban habitat,” says Jeremy Hyman, a professor and department chair of biology at Western Carolina University. (“那些无法应对持续干扰（如噪音、人群、车辆等）的生物个体，不太可能在城市栖息地中茁壮成长。”西卡罗来纳大学生物学系主任、教授杰里米·海曼说道。)”可知，城市鸟类更具攻击性是因为它们要应对城市中的各种干扰，即被城市的干扰所烦扰。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some birds may become more aggressive because cities are rich in food sources — and so there’s strong competition to establish a foothold.(一些鸟类可能会变得更具攻击性，因为城市有丰富的食物来源，因此建立立足点存在激烈的竞争。)”以及第四段中的“But food scarcity may also make some urban species more aggressive, and so birds have to fight an awful lot in order to maintain a large enough territory to get the resources that they need.(但食物短缺也可能使一些城市物种更具攻击性，因此鸟类必须进行大量的争斗，以维持足够大的领地来获取它们所需的资源。)”可知，无论食物充足与否，城市鸟类都会因竞争而产生冲突,因此，从Hyman的陈述中可以推断出尽管食物充足，冲突也总会存在。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的““Aggression definitely has a genetic component to it,” says Foltz. (“攻击性肯定有其遗传因素。”福尔茨说。)”以及“But also, we know that when we change environmental factors, birds change their aggression.(但我们也知道，当我们改变环境因素时，鸟类的攻击性也会改变。)”可知，基因和环境在鸟类的攻击性中起作用。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“In some cases, aggression seems to be “a worthwhile cost,” says Sarah Foltz, a behavioral ecologist at Radford University. (“在某些情况下，攻击性似乎是‘一种值得付出的代价’。”拉德福德大学的行为生态学家萨拉·福尔茨说道。)”以及最后一段中的““We’ve got all these little pieces,” she says, “But it’s still coming to gather to make a bigger picture, so it’s sort of an unfinished puzzle.”(“我们已经掌握了所有这些零碎的信息，”她说，“但要把它们整合起来形成一个更完整的图景，目前还像是一幅尚未完成的拼图。”)”可知，Foltz认为虽然研究还未完成，但已有一定的发现，未来能形成更完整的认识，因此她认为这项研究是有前景的。故选A项。 3 / 42 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$