20052年中考语法专项主谓一致精讲&专项练习卷一份

中考语法专项主谓一致精讲&专项练习卷一份 主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，主要考察主语和谓语在数上的一致，考查形式以单项选择为主。主谓一致要遵循三个基本原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。以下是具体内容： s 一．语法一致原则 1.单数可数名词或代词单数、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词复数或代词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：He works at a radio station.（he 是单数代词，谓语动词用 works） 2.由 and 或 both...and... 连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Tom and Jerry are good friends. 3用 “one，every one, each one, any one, each, either, neither 等 + of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Each one of the students has a new book. 4.不定代词 either, neither, each, one, the other, another, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anything, everyone, everybody，everything, nothing, no one 等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：Someone is knocking at the door. 5.不定式、动名词或从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：To see is to believe. 6.主语后带有伴随状语 with，together with, along with, as well as 等时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。例如：He, together with his parents, goes to the park every Sunday. 7.“数量词 most, rest, several, many, few, 分数、百分数等 + of + 名词” 作主语，谓语动词与 of 后的名词保持数的一致。例如：Most of the water is clean. 8.“a number of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：A number of students are playing football. The number of the students in our school is over 2000. 9.none 作主语指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；指代可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。例如：None of the water is left. None of the students have/has seen the film. 由10.两部分构成的名词作主语，如 glasses, trousers, pants, shoes 等作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。如果这类词被 a pair of, a kind of 等词修饰时，谓语动词的数与表示计量的词保持一致。例如：My trousers are blue. A pair of shoes is under the bed. 11.在定语从句中，关系代词 that, who, which 用作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。例如：The man who lives next door is a teacher. The men who live next door are teachers. 12.在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和其后面主语的数一致。例如：Here comes the bus. 二．意义一致原则 1.表示时间、距离、价值、重量等的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：Ten years is a long time. 2.集体名词作主语，如果指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：The family is a happy one. The family are watching TV. 3.表示复数意义的集体名词，如 people, police, cattle 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：The police are looking for the lost child. 4.复数形式、单数意义的名词，如 news, maths, physics, politics，electronics 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The news is very exciting. 5.单复数同形的名词，如 sheep, fish, deer, means, species, series, craft 等作主语，谓语动词要根据句意来确定。例如：This means is very good. These means are very good. 6.“the + 形容词 / 分词” 表示一类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示一类事物或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The old need to be taken care of. The new is sure to replace the old. 7.“the + 姓氏复数” 表示 “一家人或夫妇二人” 作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。例如：The Greens are having dinner. 8.由 and 连接的并列成分作主语时，并列成分如果指同一个人、事物或者概念（and 后无冠词），谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The singer and dancer is coming. 9.and 连接的两个或多个不定式、动名词或从句作主语表示不同概念时，谓语动词用复数形式；若表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：To eat too much and to sleep too much are bad for your health. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 10.“each...”, “every...and every...” 和 “no...and no...” 类结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Each boy and each girl has a book. 11.“more than one/many a + 单数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：More than one student has passed the exam. 三．就近一致原则 1.or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also... 等并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的数与最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。例如：Either you or he is wrong. 2.在 there/here be 或 “here + 动词” 结构中，如果有并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。例如：There is a pen, a few books and some pieces of paper for you. 中考语法专项主谓一致专项练习卷 一、单项选择题（共 20 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 40 分） 1. There ______ a pen, two notebooks and some keys on the desk. A. is B. are C. has D. have 2. Neither my parents nor I ______ interested in playing computer games. A. am B. is C. are D. be 3. The number of students in our class ______ 45. A. is B. are C. has D. have 4. A number of trees ______ planted in our school last year. A. was B. were C. is D. are 5. Ten years ______ a long time for a child. A. is B. are C. was D. were 6. My family ______ watching TV together now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 7. The police ______ looking for the lost boy everywhere. A. is B. are C. was D. were 8. News ______ traveling fast these days. A. is B. are C. was D. were 9. Either you or she ______ responsible for this mistake. A. is B. are C. was D. were 10. Not only the students but also the teacher ______ looking forward to the holiday. A. is B. are C. was D. were 11. Each of the students ______ a new dictionary. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having 12. Someone ______ knocking at the door. Please go and have a look. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. To learn English well ______ not easy. A. is B. are C. was D. were 14. The singer and dancer ______ coming to our school tomorrow. A. is B. are C. was D. were 15. This pair of shoes ______ very comfortable. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. The old ______ taken good care of in our country. A. is B. are C. was D. were 17. Every boy and every girl ______ to obey the school rules. A. has B. have C. is D. are 18. None of the water ______ left after the experiment. A. is B. are C. was D. were 19. Here ______ the bus. Let's get on it. A. come B. comes C. coming D. to come 20. The Greens ______ having dinner when I arrived. A. is B. are C. was D. were 二、填空题（共 10 小题，每小题 3 分，满分 30 分） 1. My father, together with my mother, ______（go）to the supermarket every weekend. 2. A lot of money ______（be）spent on books by him every year. 3. The class ______（be）having a meeting now. 4. Neither of the stories ______（be）interesting. 5. Swimming ______（be）good for our health. 6. The police ______（have）caught the thief. 7. More than one student ______（have）passed the exam. 8. The old man and his dog ______（walk）in the park every morning. 9. The number of books in the library ______（increase）every year. 10. Either you or I ______（be）wrong. 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空（共 10 小题，每小题 3 分，满分 30 分） 1. Each boy and each girl ______（have）a new book. 2. The family ______（be）a big one. It ______（have）ten people. 3. The news ______（be）so exciting that everyone ______（cheer）up. 4. There ______（be）a lot of rain in this area last month. 5. Not only you but also he ______（like）playing basketball. 6. The teacher, as well as his students, ______（be）interested in this game. 7. Two hours ______（be）not enough for me to finish the work. 8. The trousers ______（be）too long for me. I need a shorter pair. 9. Everyone except Tom and Mary ______（know）the answer. 10. Going to bed early and getting up early ______（be）a good habit. 参考答案及解析 一、单项选择题 1. A 解析：在 there be 句型中，遵循就近一致原则，a pen 为单数，所以用 is。 2. A 解析：neither...nor... 连接两个主语时，遵循就近一致原则，I 为第一人称，所以用 am。 3. A 解析：“the number of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以选 is。 4. B 解析：“a number of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，又因为时间是 last year，所以用 were。 5. A 解析：表示时间的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，所以选 is。 6. B 解析：family 作主语，此处指家庭成员，谓语动词用复数形式，由 now 可知用现在进行时，所以选 are。 7. B 解析：police 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，此句描述正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，所以选 are。 8. A 解析：news 为不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，此句陈述客观情况，用一般现在时，所以选 is。 9. A 解析：either...or... 连接两个主语时，遵循就近一致原则，she 为第三人称单数，所以用 is。 10. A 解析：not only...but also... 连接两个主语时，遵循就近一致原则，the teacher 为第三人称单数，所以用 is。 11. A 解析：“each of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以选 has。 12. A 解析：someone 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，由 Please go and have a look 可知动作正在进行，用现在进行时，所以选 is。 13. A 解析：不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，所以选 is。 14. A 解析：The singer and dancer 指同一个人，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，由 tomorrow 可知用一般将来时，come 用现在进行时表将来，所以选 is。 15. A 解析：“this pair of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词的数与 pair 保持一致，pair 为单数，所以用 is。 16. B 解析：“the + 形容词” 表示一类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，此句陈述客观情况，用一般现在时，所以选 are。 17. A 解析：“every...and every...” 结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，have to 表示 “不得不”，所以选 has。 18. C 解析：none 作主语指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，由 after the experiment 可知动作发生在过去，所以用 was。 19. B 解析：在 here 引导的倒装句中，动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，the bus 为单数，所以用 comes。 20. D 解析：The Greens 表示 “格林一家人”，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，由 when I arrived 可知动作正在进行，用过去进行时，所以选 were。 二、填空题 1. goes 解析：主语后带有 together with 短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致，my father 为第三人称单数，every weekend 提示用一般现在时，所以填 goes。 2. is 解析：money 为不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，every year 提示用一般现在时，所以填 is。 3. are 解析：class 作主语，此处指同学们，谓语动词用复数形式，now 提示用现在进行时，所以填 are。 4. is 解析：neither of... 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以填 is。 5. is 解析：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，所以填 is。 6. have 解析：police 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，此句强调动作已完成，用现在完成时，所以填 have。 7. has 解析：“more than one + 单数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以填 has。 8. walk 解析：The old man and his dog 为复数主语，every morning 提示用一般现在时，所以填 walk。 9. increases 解析：“the number of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，every year 提示用一般现在时，所以填 increases。 10. am 解析：either...or... 连接两个主语时，遵循就近一致原则，I 为第一人称，所以填 am。 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. has 解析：“each...and each...” 结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以填 has。 2. is；has 解析：第一个空，family 指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式，所以填 is；第二个空，it 为第三人称单数，所以填 has。 3. is；cheers 解析：第一个空，news 为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，所以填 is；第二个空，everyone 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，所以填 cheers。 4. was 解析：rain 为不可数名词，last month 提示用一般过去时，所以填 was。 5. likes 解析：not only...but also... 连接两个主语时，遵循就近一致原则，he 为第三人称单数，所以填 likes。 6. is 解析：主语后带有 as well as 短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致，the teacher 为第三人称单数，所以填 is。 7. is 解析：表示时间的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以填 is。 8. are 解析：trousers 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，所以填 are。 9. knows 解析：主语后带有 except 短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致，everyone 为第三人称单数，所以填 knows。 10. is 解析：and 连接的两个动名词作主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以填 is。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$