Unit 5 Languages Around the World Words and Expressions 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

必修一Unit 5 词汇案 1. billion /ˈbɪljən/ n. 十亿 billions of 1.3 billion people 2. native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的 be native to 源于...的，原产于 n. 本地人=local a few natives (native ) Most of the trees will be native to Sri Lanka, therefore boosting wildlife.  这些树木中大多为斯里兰卡本土植被，因而促进野生动植物的繁衍。 3. attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/ n. 态度；看法 have a positive attitude towards life 对生活保持积极的态度 近形词： altitude /ˈæltɪtjuːd/ 海拔高度；高地 Your attitude will determine your altitude. 你的态度会决定你的高度。 4. refer vi. 提到,参考；查阅 (referred - referred - referring ) refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 What I said did not refer to you . 指的是 refer to a dictionary 查阅 refer to my notebook 参考 refer to ...as ...　　 称呼……为……，把……称作…… Some like to refer to him as  a genius, but if there was any genius to Marconi it was his vision.  Referred (refer) to as Steel Roses, the Chinese woman soccer team players won our respect. vt.叫……求助于,将……送交给 refer the case to the higher court 将此案提交上级法院审理 n.reference v-n: refer- reference prefer- preference differ- difference 5. system n. 体系；制度；系统 a security system 保安系统 adj. systematic adj系统的 6. despite prep. 即使；尽管=in spite of Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it. 尽管她竭尽全力控制自己，声音仍然在颤抖。 She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.  尽管她认为物理枯燥无味,她却学得很好。 despite the fact that =although/ though / while 7. ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 go through ups and downs in life 在生活中经历起起伏伏 The sun rises and the sun sets. There are ups and downs in everyone's life. 日升日落，人生难免会有起有落。 8. factor /ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素；要素 近义词： reason ， cause Human error may have been a contributing factor.  人为的失误可能是一个辅助因素。 Physical activity is an important factor in maintaining fitness.  体育活动是保持健康的一个重要因素。 a critical factor一个关键因素 a leading factor一个主要因素 9. based adj. 以（某事）为基础的；以……为重要部分（或特征）的 base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 base ---on--- = be based on =be on the base of The book  is based (base) on personal experience.  本书是根据个人经历写成的。 The book   based (base) on personal experience sells well . n. 底部；根据 We should place equal emphasis on development and security, and develop nuclear energy on the base of  security.  坚持发展与安全并重，在安全的基础上发展核能。 basic adj. 最重要的，基本的 Water is a basic  (base) necessity of life.  水是一种基本生活必需品。 adv basically basis n. 基础，要素 10. date back (to...) =date from=go back to 追溯到 　 Dating　 （date） from/back to 1933，the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city. 11. bone n. 骨头；骨（质） 12. shell n. 壳；壳状物 nutshell n. 坚果外壳； 13. symbol n. 符号；象征 a symbol of Noodles are  a  symbol of long life in Chinese culture. 面条在中国文化中是长寿的一种象征。 v. symbolize 象征，The five Olympic rings symbolize five continents. 奥运五环象征着五大洲。 14. carve vt.&vi. 雕刻 With the handle carved （carve）with “Gift for grandpa” 15. dynasty n. 王朝；朝代 different dynasties (dynasty) 16. variety n.(植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样性 a wide variety of wide varieties of adj various adj-n various - variety anxious - anxiety curious - curiosity generous - generosity 17. major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 play a major role/part in sth 在某事中起重要作用 n. 主修课程；主修学生 My major is English. I am an English major . vi. 主修；专门研究 I major in English. n. majority 大多数 The majority of people =Most people interviewed prefer TV to radio.  18. no matter where,who, what, etc. 不论……；不管……=wherever / whoever / whatever 19. dialect n. 地方话；方言 20. means n. 方式；方法；途径 A bicycle is a means of transportation .自行车是一种交通工具。 by means of 通过 v. mean意味着 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 mean to do sth 打算做某事 meaningful adj. 有意义的 meaningless adj. 无意义的 meanwhile adv. 与此同时=at the same time adj. mean 吝啬的, 刻薄的 She is always mean with money. 她对钱总是很吝啬。 21. classic adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n. 经典作品；名著 four classics （classic） classical adj.古典的 classical music 古典音乐 22. regard n. 尊重；关注 in regards to = concerning /about 关于 You need to let the other person know what is and is not okay in regards to the relationship.  你需要让另外一个人知道，在这段感情中什么是可以做的什么是不可以做的。 vt. 把……视为；看待 regard...as... = consider... as... = see as = think of ... as... 23. character n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 chinese character 汉字 the beauty of Chinese characters （character） moral character 品德 main character 主要人物；主要角色 24. calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/n. 书法；书法艺术 25. global /ˈɡləʊb(ə)l/adj. 全球的；全世界的= worldwide 26. affair/əˈfeə(r)/ n. 公共事务；事件；关系 an expert on foreign affairs (= political events in other countries) 外事专家 online love affair 网恋 love affair 风流韵事；绯闻 27. appreciate/əˈpriːʃieɪt/ vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值 appreciate＋名词/代词/动词-ing形式 重视/感激…… I appreciate 　being given　 （give） the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. I would appreciate it if you could kindly consider my application It would be appreciated accept our invitation .  It would be appreciative accept my sincere apology offer your timely guidance appreciation n.感激 express one’s appreciation to sb　　向某人表达感激之情 adj：appreciative /əˈpriːʃətɪv/ 欣赏的, 感激的 be appreciative of 28. specific /əˈpriːʃətɪv/adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的 （detailed and exact） adv specifically The money was collected for a specific purpose. 这笔钱是为一个特定用途而收的。  29. struggle/ˈstrʌɡ(ə)l/ n.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 It is a struggle （for sb） to do sth （对某人而言）做某事真是难事 Social progress is normally a matter of struggles  （struggle）and conflicts.  社会进步通常要经过斗争和冲突。 vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 1　 struggle for ...　　为……而斗争 2　 struggle with/against sb/sth　　与某人/某事作斗争 3　 struggle to do sth　　努力做某事 The happiest thing in the world is to struggle for the ideal. 世界上最快乐的事，莫过于为理想而奋斗。——苏格拉底 He struggled against cancer for two years. 他同癌症抗争了两年。  Some farmers would like to leave their hometown and go to work in cities, struggling 　 to provide　 （provide） better education for their children. be for / agianst 赞成/反对 argue for / aganist fight for / against struggle for / against vote for /against play /compete against defend against 防御 30. tongue /tʌŋ/ n. 舌头；语言 mother tongue =native language 31. point of view 观点；看法 = viewpoint from my point of view =from my viewpoint =in my opinion 32. semester /sɪˈmestə(r)/n. 学期 term n. 学期 this term-= this semester 开庭期；He faces a maximum prison/jail term of 25 years. 他面临25年的最高刑期。 期限：during the president's first term of/in office 在总统的首届任期内 术语；专有名词；a technical/legal/scientific, etc. term 技术、法律、科学等术语 方面；角度（terms) in terms of 从……的角度  What does this mean in terms of cost?  这在成本上意味着什么？ 33. gas n. 汽油=gasoline/ˈɡæsəliːn/；气体；燃气 34. petrol n. 汽油 35. subway n. 地铁 by subway乘坐地铁=by underground 36. apartment n. 公寓套房=flat 37. pants n. 内裤；短裤；裤子 a pair of pants / trousers / glasses / shoes 以复数形式出现才能表达一定意义的名词有 trousers; scissors ;glasses ;cheers ;best wishes; congratulations ； 裤子/剪刀/眼镜/干杯/祝福/恭喜 instructions / directions ； surroundings ；savings ；earnings ； belongings /possessions ； 说明书 / 环境/ 储蓄 / 收入 / 财产 38. beg[bɛg] vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求 beggar n.乞丐 ①beg for sth乞讨…… The homeless begged for money on the street. 无家可归的人在街上乞讨钱。 ②beg sb to do sth恳求某人做某事 He begged his boss to give (give) him another chance. ③beg your pardon礼貌用语，表示“请原谅”或“请再说一遍” 39. equal n. 同等的人；相等物. We all treat each other as equals (equal). have no equal＝without equal　　无与伦比 adj相同的；同样的 an equal chance be equal to （doing） sth　　胜任（做）某事 v.与……相等，比得上 equal sb/sth in （doing） sth　　在（做）某事上比得过…… n. 平等 equality The young lawyer was equal to the job, but he didn’t get equality (equal) in wages, which let him down. adj-n real - reality equal- equality similar similarity popular popularity responsible responsibility possible possibility safe safety secure security active activity creative creativity adv. equally 写作：Equally important is that you should set a practical goal .同样重要的是，你应该设定一个实际的目标。 40. gap n. 间隔开口；差距 bridge the gap / narrow the gap 缩小差距 generation gap 代沟 41. demand n. 要求；需求 meet/satisfy people’s demands （demand）满足 人们的需求 be in great demand=be badly needed Science graduates are 　in　 greater demand than liberal arts ones in China. vt. 强烈要求；需要 ①demand sth of sb 向（某人）要求（某物） ②demand that sb should do sth ③demand to do sth　　要求做某事 During the economic crisis many employees were on strike, 　demanding　 (demand) more wages. adj demanding 费时费力的；苛刻的，难以满足的 表建议,主张，要求，决定，命令的动词和名词 advise /suggest / propose/prəˈpəʊz/ / recommend; 从句谓语用 that sb (should) do sth /be done. advice suggestion proposal/prəˈpoʊz(ə)l recommendation insist/ɪnˈsɪst/ (insistence) ; ask / demand / desire /require (requirement ) / urge /ɜːdʒ/; decide(decision) / determine/dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ ; order /command /kəˈmɑːnd/ My parents recommend that I ask (ask) the teachers for help. ✳suggest 作表明讲时，insist作坚持说时不用虚拟语气 His pale face suggested that he was (be) ill . The man insisted he hadn’t stolen (not steal ) the car and that he (should) be set (set ) free . 42. vocabulary n. 词汇 enrich one’s vocabulary a wide vocabulary 43. description n. 描写（文字）；形容 give a detailed/vivid description /account of 详细/生动地描述 v-n describe - description pronounce pronunciation explain explanation 44. relate vt. 联系；讲述 relate ---to --- be related to We can relate his success to his educational background .我们可以把他的成功与他的教育背景联系起来。 She relates her childhood experiences in the first chapters. 在开始的几章中，她描述了自己童年的经历。  In the future, pay increases will be related (relate) to productivity. 以后，工资的增加将和业绩挂钩。  vi. relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 These are the people viewers most relate  to  and find interesting.  这些是观众们最容易建立联系并且感兴趣的人。 n. relation in relation to 关于,有关,涉及 The conflict is small  in relation (relate) to the strength of their friendship.  The conflict is small  related (relate) to the strength of their friendship.  relationship 关系；（人或事物之间的）关联，关系； 类似结构：compare ---to / with--- in comparison with In comparison  (compare ）with the previous study, the new study expanded research subjects.  Compared  (compare ）with the previous study, the new study expanded research subjects.  与之前的研究相比，这个新的研究拓宽了研究主题。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修一Unit 5 词汇案 1. billion /ˈbɪljən/ n. 十亿 billions of 1.3 billion people 2. native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的 be native to 源于...的，原产于 n. 本地人=local a few natives (native ) Most of the trees will be native to Sri Lanka, therefore boosting wildlife.  这些树木中大多为斯里兰卡本土植被，因而促进野生动植物的繁衍。 3. attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/ n. 态度；看法 have a positive attitude towards life 对生活保持积极的态度 近形词： altitude /ˈæltɪtjuːd/ 海拔高度；高地 Your attitude will determine your altitude. 你的态度会决定你的高度。 4. refer vi. 提到,参考；查阅 (referred - referred - referring ) refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 What I said did not refer to you . 指的是 refer to a dictionary 查阅 refer to my notebook 参考 refer to ...as ...　　 称呼……为……，把……称作…… Some like to refer to him as  a genius, but if there was any genius to Marconi it was his vision.  Referred (refer) to as Steel Roses, the Chinese woman soccer team players won our respect. vt.叫……求助于,将……送交给 refer the case to the higher court 将此案提交上级法院审理 n.reference v-n: refer- reference prefer- preference differ- difference 5. system n. 体系；制度；系统 a security system 保安系统 adj. systematic adj系统的 6. despite prep. 即使；尽管=in spite of Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it. 尽管她竭尽全力控制自己，声音仍然在颤抖。 She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.  尽管她认为物理枯燥无味,她却学得很好。 despite the fact that =although/ though / while 7. ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 go through ups and downs in life 在生活中经历起起伏伏 The sun rises and the sun sets. There are ups and downs in everyone's life. 日升日落，人生难免会有起有落。 8. factor /ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素；要素 近义词： reason ， cause Human error may have been a contributing factor.  人为的失误可能是一个辅助因素。 Physical activity is an important factor in maintaining fitness.  体育活动是保持健康的一个重要因素。 a critical factor一个关键因素 a leading factor一个主要因素 9. based adj. 以（某事）为基础的；以……为重要部分（或特征）的 base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 base ---on--- = be based on =be on the base of The book  is based (base) on personal experience.  本书是根据个人经历写成的。 The book   based (base) on personal experience sells well . n. 底部；根据 We should place equal emphasis on development and security, and develop nuclear energy on the base of  security.  坚持发展与安全并重，在安全的基础上发展核能。 basic adj. 最重要的，基本的 Water is a basic  (base) necessity of life.  水是一种基本生活必需品。 adv basically basis n. 基础，要素 10. date back (to...) =date from=go back to 追溯到 　 Dating　 （date） from/back to 1933，the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city. 11. bone n. 骨头；骨（质） 12. shell n. 壳；壳状物 nutshell n. 坚果外壳； 13. symbol n. 符号；象征 a symbol of Noodles are  a  symbol of long life in Chinese culture. 面条在中国文化中是长寿的一种象征。 v. symbolize 象征，The five Olympic rings symbolize five continents. 奥运五环象征着五大洲。 14. carve vt.&vi. 雕刻 With the handle carved （carve）with “Gift for grandpa” 15. dynasty n. 王朝；朝代 different dynasties (dynasty) 16. variety n.(植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样性 a wide variety of wide varieties of adj various adj-n various - variety anxious - anxiety curious - curiosity generous - generosity 17. major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 play a major role/part in sth 在某事中起重要作用 n. 主修课程；主修学生 My major is English. I am an English major . vi. 主修；专门研究 I major in English. n. majority 大多数 The majority of people =Most people interviewed prefer TV to radio.  18. no matter where,who, what, etc. 不论……；不管……=wherever / whoever / whatever 19. dialect n. 地方话；方言 20. means n. 方式；方法；途径 A bicycle is a means of transportation .自行车是一种交通工具。 by means of 通过 v. mean意味着 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 mean to do sth 打算做某事 meaningful adj. 有意义的 meaningless adj. 无意义的 meanwhile adv. 与此同时=at the same time adj. mean 吝啬的, 刻薄的 She is always mean with money. 她对钱总是很吝啬。 21. classic adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n. 经典作品；名著 four classics （classic） classical adj.古典的 classical music 古典音乐 22. regard n. 尊重；关注 in regards to = concerning /about 关于 You need to let the other person know what is and is not okay in regards to the relationship.  你需要让另外一个人知道，在这段感情中什么是可以做的什么是不可以做的。 vt. 把……视为；看待 regard...as... = consider... as... = see as = think of ... as... 23. character n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 chinese character 汉字 the beauty of Chinese characters （character） moral character 品德 main character 主要人物；主要角色 24. calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/n. 书法；书法艺术 25. global /ˈɡləʊb(ə)l/adj. 全球的；全世界的= worldwide 26. affair/əˈfeə(r)/ n. 公共事务；事件；关系 an expert on foreign affairs (= political events in other countries) 外事专家 online love affair 网恋 love affair 风流韵事；绯闻 27. appreciate/əˈpriːʃieɪt/ vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值 appreciate＋名词/代词/动词-ing形式 重视/感激…… I appreciate 　being given　 （give） the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. I would appreciate it if you could kindly consider my application It would be appreciated accept our invitation .  It would be appreciative accept my sincere apology offer your timely guidance appreciation n.感激 express one’s appreciation to sb　　向某人表达感激之情 adj：appreciative /əˈpriːʃətɪv/ 欣赏的, 感激的 be appreciative of 28. specific /əˈpriːʃətɪv/adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的 （detailed and exact） adv specifically The money was collected for a specific purpose. 这笔钱是为一个特定用途而收的。  29. struggle/ˈstrʌɡ(ə)l/ n.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 It is a struggle （for sb） to do sth （对某人而言）做某事真是难事 Social progress is normally a matter of struggles  （struggle）and conflicts.  社会进步通常要经过斗争和冲突。 vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 1　 struggle for ...　　为……而斗争 2　 struggle with/against sb/sth　　与某人/某事作斗争 3　 struggle to do sth　　努力做某事 The happiest thing in the world is to struggle for the ideal. 世界上最快乐的事，莫过于为理想而奋斗。——苏格拉底 He struggled against cancer for two years. 他同癌症抗争了两年。  Some farmers would like to leave their hometown and go to work in cities, struggling 　 to provide　 （provide） better education for their children. be for / agianst 赞成/反对 argue for / aganist fight for / against struggle for / against vote for /against play /compete against defend against 防御 30. tongue /tʌŋ/ n. 舌头；语言 mother tongue =native language 31. point of view 观点；看法 = viewpoint from my point of view =from my viewpoint =in my opinion 32. semester /sɪˈmestə(r)/n. 学期 term n. 学期 this term-= this semester 开庭期；He faces a maximum prison/jail term of 25 years. 他面临25年的最高刑期。 期限：during the president's first term of/in office 在总统的首届任期内 术语；专有名词；a technical/legal/scientific, etc. term 技术、法律、科学等术语 方面；角度（terms) in terms of 从……的角度  What does this mean in terms of cost?  这在成本上意味着什么？ 33. gas n. 汽油=gasoline/ˈɡæsəliːn/；气体；燃气 34. petrol n. 汽油 35. subway n. 地铁 by subway乘坐地铁=by underground 36. apartment n. 公寓套房=flat 37. pants n. 内裤；短裤；裤子 a pair of pants / trousers / glasses / shoes 以复数形式出现才能表达一定意义的名词有 trousers; scissors ;glasses ;cheers ;best wishes; congratulations ； 裤子/剪刀/眼镜/干杯/祝福/恭喜 instructions / directions ； surroundings ；savings ；earnings ； belongings /possessions ； 说明书 / 环境/ 储蓄 / 收入 / 财产 38. beg[bɛg] vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求 beggar n.乞丐 ①beg for sth乞讨…… The homeless begged for money on the street. 无家可归的人在街上乞讨钱。 ②beg sb to do sth恳求某人做某事 He begged his boss to give (give) him another chance. ③beg your pardon礼貌用语，表示“请原谅”或“请再说一遍” 39. equal n. 同等的人；相等物. We all treat each other as equals (equal). have no equal＝without equal　　无与伦比 adj相同的；同样的 an equal chance be equal to （doing） sth　　胜任（做）某事 v.与……相等，比得上 equal sb/sth in （doing） sth　　在（做）某事上比得过…… n. 平等 equality The young lawyer was equal to the job, but he didn’t get equality (equal) in wages, which let him down. adj-n real - reality equal- equality similar similarity popular popularity responsible responsibility possible possibility safe safety secure security active activity creative creativity adv. equally 写作：Equally important is that you should set a practical goal .同样重要的是，你应该设定一个实际的目标。 40. gap n. 间隔开口；差距 bridge the gap / narrow the gap 缩小差距 generation gap 代沟 41. demand n. 要求；需求 meet/satisfy people’s demands （demand）满足 人们的需求 be in great demand=be badly needed Science graduates are 　in　 greater demand than liberal arts ones in China. vt. 强烈要求；需要 ①demand sth of sb 向（某人）要求（某物） ②demand that sb should do sth ③demand to do sth　　要求做某事 During the economic crisis many employees were on strike, 　demanding　 (demand) more wages. adj demanding 费时费力的；苛刻的，难以满足的 表建议,主张，要求，决定，命令的动词和名词 advise /suggest / propose/prəˈpəʊz/ / recommend; 从句谓语用 that sb (should) do sth /be done. advice suggestion proposal/prəˈpoʊz(ə)l recommendation insist/ɪnˈsɪst/ (insistence) ; ask / demand / desire /require (requirement ) / urge /ɜːdʒ/; decide(decision) / determine/dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ ; order /command /kəˈmɑːnd/ My parents recommend that I ask (ask) the teachers for help. ✳suggest 作表明讲时，insist作坚持说时不用虚拟语气 His pale face suggested that he was (be) ill . The man insisted he hadn’t stolen (not steal ) the car and that he (should) be set (set ) free . 42. vocabulary n. 词汇 enrich one’s vocabulary a wide vocabulary 43. description n. 描写（文字）；形容 give a detailed/vivid description /account of 详细/生动地描述 v-n describe - description pronounce pronunciation explain explanation 44. relate vt. 联系；讲述 relate ---to --- be related to We can relate his success to his educational background .我们可以把他的成功与他的教育背景联系起来。 She relates her childhood experiences in the first chapters. 在开始的几章中，她描述了自己童年的经历。  In the future, pay increases will be related (relate) to productivity. 以后，工资的增加将和业绩挂钩。  vi. relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 These are the people viewers most relate  to  and find interesting.  这些是观众们最容易建立联系并且感兴趣的人。 n. relation in relation to 关于,有关,涉及 The conflict is small  in relation (relate) to the strength of their friendship.  The conflict is small  related (relate) to the strength of their friendship.  relationship 关系；（人或事物之间的）关联，关系； 类似结构：compare ---to / with--- in comparison with In comparison  (compare ）with the previous study, the new study expanded research subjects.  Compared  (compare ）with the previous study, the new study expanded research subjects.  与之前的研究相比，这个新的研究拓宽了研究主题。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$