焦点 29 阅读理解之记叙文（精讲课件）-备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之语法知识统统过（全国通用）

仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 焦点29 阅读理解之记叙文 备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之语法知识统统过（全国通用） 文体分析 壹 命题特点 贰 解题步骤 叁 典型例题 肆 目录 2 仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 文体分析 第一部分 壹 记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或故事情节。 常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。 记叙文的叙事顺序有顺叙和倒叙两种，有时候作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，即不按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追叙故事的开端和经过。 阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。 仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 命题特点 第二部分 贰 记叙文常见的命题类型如下： 1.主旨大意题 文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结。虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种： What’s the main idea/subject/topic of the passage? The main idea of the passage is... The passage is mainly about_____. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? The best title for the passage is/ might be____. The author’s main purpose of writing this passage is____. 做题要领：文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的键。但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。 2.细节理解题 这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出,因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案。此类要求查找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出： Which of the following statements is (not) true according to the passage? Which of the following is (not) discussed/Mentioned in the passage? According to the passage, what/where/which/who/why/when/how...? All of the following are (not) true / mentioned / discussed except_________. How does the author/writer feel about___? 3.词义／语义判断题 这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种： According to the author, the underlined word”...” means____. From the passage, we can infer that the word”...”is___. “...” can be best replaced by___. What does the author probably mean by”...”? By”...”, the author means that___ 做此类题时，应在文中找线索或信息词。根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。根据周围熟悉的词及语义判断新单词之意，有时还需依靠构词法。 4.推断题 以原文内容为前提,透过现象看本质即透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。根据作者的观点理论客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。 推断题的常见形式： It can be inferred / concluded from the text that____. From the text we know that ______. The passage implies that ______. The paragraph following the passage will most probably discusses______. 解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据语义关系推断具体细节。 仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 解题步骤 第三部分 叄 1、关注细节 记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了 2、注重联系 在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。 3、挖掘意义 每年的中考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。 4、读懂表象 如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred from ...?”或是 What does the author imply in...?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。 仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 典型例题 第四部分 肆 （2025·山西·中考真题）请阅读下面语篇，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。 Bell used to work as a children’s bookseller and helped young people of all ages find their perfect books. During lunch breaks, she wrote her first book, which came out in 2016. Then she published (出版) a series of magic books. In the 2024 book, we meet a boy. He is taken into a secret world filled with strange animals with magic. He soon discovers he can call out those animals by using his energy connected with different feelings. The idea behind the book came from Bell’s strong wish to learn more about the mysteries of science. Bell says, “Even though the book has magic, it is rooted in science.” Bell’s favorite subject at school was science, and she has always believed that magic has a lot to do with science. “People study science. It is full of mystery and the unknown. That feels a lot like magic,” she says. In the 2025 book, we join the boy again as he learns how to improve his skills to call out the animals at a school. Bell says that if she could choose any animal to call out, it would be an “everwing”, which is born from hope. “I can fly, on its back! Hope and imagination have great power. They give me wings to realize my dream.” Bell says science also comes from human curiosity (好奇心) and imagination, which are similar to the hope that creates magic in the story. She hopes her books can encourage young readers to learn more about science. 1．When did Bell’s first book come out? A．In 2016. B．In 2024. C．In 2025. 2．Which can best explain the underlined words “is rooted in”? A．Gets ideas from. B．Pays attention to. C．Makes progress in. 3．Why would Bell like to choose “everwing”? A．Because it can teach her to fly. B．Because it can lead her to achieve more. C．Because it can take her away from her busy life. 4．How does Bell feel about the relationship between science and magic? A．Science depends on magic. B．Magic can be turned into science. C．Science and magic have something in common. 5．What is Bell’s purpose of writing the two magic books? A．To open the door to the magic world for readers. B．To guide readers to enjoy magic and value science. C．To tell readers science is the most important school subject. 【答案】1．A    2．A    3．B    4．C    5．B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】阅读、记叙文 【导语】本文讲述了Bell的创作经历和她的两本魔法书，通过这些魔法书，Bell展示了科学和魔法之间的联系。 1．细节理解题。根据“During lunch breaks, she wrote her first book, which came out in 2016”可知Bell的第一本书是在2016年出版的。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Even though the book has magic, it is rooted in science”可知尽管这本书有魔力，但它植根于科学，故此处划线部分意为“植根于，从……获得灵感”，和gets ideas from意义相近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Bell says that if she could choose any animal to call out, it would be an ‘everwing’, which is born from hope...They give me wings to realize my dream’”可知，Bell选择“everwing”是因为它象征着希望和想象力，能够帮助她实现梦想。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Bell says science also comes from human curiosity (好奇心) and imagination, which are similar to the hope that creates magic in the story”可知Bell认为科学和魔法有许多共同之处，都源于人类的好奇心和想象力。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“She hopes her books can encourage young readers to learn more about science.”可知Bell写这两本魔法书的目的是引导读者享受魔法并重视科学。故选B。 （2025·甘肃·中考真题） Greening the Desert Minqin County, located in the city of Wuwei in Gansu Province, is between China’s third and fourth largest deserts—the Badain Jaran and the Tengger. Local people plant suosuo trees, a plant that can survive in the desert, to prevent further desertification (沙漠化). A number of local people have worked hard to turn the place into an oasis (绿洲). 27-year-old Zhong Lin is one of them. Growing up in Minqin, Zhong experienced sandstorms throughout his childhood. He once wanted to run away from his hometown and build his future in southern China. However, he changed his mind when he saw the villagers’ hard life and the terrible environment there. He said, “Suddenly I understood—running away isn’t the solution. Makings a difference is the key.” After graduating from university in 2020, Zhong returned to his hometown. “If suosuo trees can take root in sandstorms, why can’t young people?” he wrote in his diary. Since then, Zhong has tried planting suosuo trees in the desert. He planted 500 trees in 2021, but most of them died. So he studied, learned from experienced villagers, and then planted more. After three years’ efforts, the trees he planted are now growing well in the desert, turning the land green and lively. To draw attention to his hometown’s environment, Zhong shared videos about tree planting online and started a “Please Plant a Tree in Minqin” activity. Encouraged by Zhong’s tree-planting story, more and more volunteers from all over the country have come to Minqin to plant trees. Their common goal is to turn the desert into an oasis. 阅读以上材料，回答下列各小题。 1．According to the first paragraph, which of the following should be put in ________ in the map? A．WuweiB．Badain Jaran DesertC．GansuD．Tengger Desert 2．Why do people plant suosuo trees in the desert? A．Because planting suosuo trees is not difficult. B．Because suosuo trees need little water or care. C．Because suosuo trees can take root in any climate. D．Because suosuo trees help stop further desertification. 3．What did Zhong Lin decide to do after graduation? A．Run away from his hometown. B．Build his future in southern China. C．Improve the local villagers’ life and the environment. D．Start a volunteer activity to attract more tourists to Minqin. 4．What difficulty did Zhong Lin face in 2021? A．He only bought 500 trees. B．Villagers didn’t trust him. C．Most of the trees he planted died. D．No volunteers helped him. 5．What is the goal for the people who joined the tree-planting activity? A．To turn the desert into an oasis. B．To enjoy the scenery of the deserts. C．To learn more about Zhong Lin. D．To share videos about tree planting. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】环境保护、其他著名人物、记叙文 【导语】本文讲述了甘肃民勤县青年钟林通过种植梭梭树抗击沙漠化的故事。他在大学毕业后选择回乡治沙，克服初期失败后成功让树木存活，并发动全国志愿者参与绿化活动，共同目标是将沙漠变为绿洲。 1．细节理解题。 根据第一段“Minqin County, located in the city of Wuwei in Gansu Province, is between China’s third and fourth largest deserts—the Badain Jaran and the Tengger. ”可知，民勤县位于甘肃省武威市，位于中国第三大和第四大沙漠——巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠之间，地图空缺处应填入两大沙漠之一的 Badain Jaran沙漠。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Local people plant suosuo trees, a plant that can survive in the desert, to prevent further desertification (沙漠化).”可知，种植梭梭树的目的是阻止沙漠化。故选D。 3．推理判断题。 根据“he changed his mind when he saw the villagers’ hard life and the terrible environment there....Makings a difference is the key”和第四段“Since then, Zhong has tried planting suosuo trees in the desert....”可知，他毕业后，返乡种植树木改善环境。故选C。 4．细节理解题。 根据第四段“He planted 500 trees in 2021, but most of them died”可知，2021年钟林面临的主要困难是树木存活率低。故选C。 5．细节理解题。 根据“Their common goal is to turn the desert into an oasis.”可知，志愿者们共同的目标是把沙漠变成绿洲。故选A。 仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 谢君一赏 $$