上海市交通大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

2024-2025学年度第一学期 高二英语期末考试卷 （满分160分，130分钟完成，答案一律写在答题纸上） 考试说明：试卷最后的挑战题为非必答题，分值10分 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She has no appetite at all. B. She wants to dine out. C. She is too tired to go out. D. She prefers to cook at home. 2. A. 6 pounds B. 7 pounds. C. 8 pounds. D. 9 pounds. 3. A. At the professor's office. B. In the bookstore. C. In the library. D. In the laboratory. 4. A. Because something went wrong with his car. B. Because his car was broken in an accident. C. Because he wanted to take a walk for a rest. D. Because he was stuck in a traffic jam. 5. A. The morning flight. B. The afternoon flight. C The evening flight. D. The midnight flight. 6. A. She is not interested in going camping with him. B. She wants the man to stay at home with her. C. She thinks the man needs to have a good rest. D. She thinks the man should prepare for the exams. 7. A. Some major revisions are needed. B. It should be revised by a tutor. C. Only a few changes should be made. D. The draft needs no revision at all. 8. A. He is going away for a while. B. He worked hard to earn money. C. He did very well in the exam. D. He can't wait to have rest. 9. A. He forgot to bring his own camera. B. He is not good at taking pictures. C. He cannot take a photo with the camera. D. He doesn't know how to use the camera. 10. A. She was interrupted by a visiting friend. B. She didn't come back until midnight. C. She stayed up late for the final exam. D. She visited her friend instead of studying. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They can maintain their body temperature stable. B. They consume enough energy before the long sleep. C. They can keep their heart beat at a regular rate. D. They have their weight increased to the maximum. 12. A. By staying in hiding places and eating little. B. By seeking extra food and warm shelter. C. By growing thicker hair to stay warm. D. By storing enough food in advance. 13. A. To stay safe. B. To save energy. C. To get more food. D. To protect the young. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Four to six hours. B. Six to nine hours. C. Around eight hours. D. More than eight hours. 15. A. They may not be able to concentrate well. B. They may get the feeling of being drunk. C. They may suffer from high blood pressure. D. They may lose weight easily in a short period of time. 16. A. Military people are used to being deprived of sleep. B. Training can make people sleep less and suffer less. C. People can bank sleep by sleeping more beforehand. D. Sleeping earlier than usual makes people sleep less. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Double Eleven sales in 2021. B. Unreliable factors of online shopping. C. Key points of Taobao's success in sales. D. Advantages and disadvantages of online shopping. 18. A. People who are good at doing business. B. People who work seven days a week. C. People who have very busy schedules. D. People who dislike telephone shopping. 19. A. Consumers can save a lot of time. B. It provides round-the-clock service. C. People can buy things without leaving their homes or offices. D. The quality of the product is the same as what is described online. 20. A. Inferior quality. B. Various retailers. C. Efficient sales return. D. Convenient delivery. Ⅱ. Vocabulary Section A (15’) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. * An extra three hours of work every day is ________ with Lee's family life in that he treasures most the time with his wife and children A. incomplete B. inconsistent C. incompatible D. inconclusive 2. *After seeing an electrical outlet sparking, Deysi tried to ________ devices from nearby outlets, but then saw that a fire had already begun and spread to the furniture close by. A. unplug B. undo C. uncover D. unwind 3. They do not agree with us that human rights issues are minor and ________ from “more pressing” matters. A. sociable B. separable C. sustainable D. scalable 4. * In recent years, enrollment in ________ programs has declined compared with the other two categories: college preparatory, general. A. vocational B. regional C. circumstantial D. mortal 5. * In the most famous of these letters, the lengthy seventh one, he gives us something of an ________ and tells us a little bit about why he came to write this book. A. biodiversity B. feasibility C. photosynthesis D. autobiography 6. This ________ weight loss was not just a number on the scale; it was a testament to his dedication and hard work. A. substantial B. prospective C. organic D. literal 7. She chose to resign rather than compromise her ________ by engaging in dishonest activities. A. instrument B. integrity C. individualism D. insight 8. Discrimination based on race is not only morally wrong but also ________ to the company’s reputation. A. instrumental B. consequential C. prejudicial D. functional 9. Due to health issues, he requested an ________ on his thesis submission deadline. A. intention B. detention C. division D. extension 10. The ________ life of a tech gadget is constantly shrinking due to the rapid pace at which new models are being released into the market. A. shift B. shelf C. sorrow D. season 11. Even though he was a powerful figure in the community, he was not ________ the law and had to answer for his crimes. A. against B. by C. above D. under 12. As the days grow shorter and the crisp morning air signals the transition from summer to fall, the leaves on the trees will undergo a gradual transformation, changing color ________. A. by all means B. by chance C. by and by D. by heart 13. The child had a hard time ________ the divorce of his parents, but with time and understanding, he started to adapt to the new family dynamic. A. coming to terms with B. coming alive with C. coming around D. coming through 14. He had always been cautious with his investments, but even the most vigilant can ________ the unpredictable nature of the stock market. A. end up with B. fall victim to C. drop out of D. cut down on 15. I’ve tried every possible solution, but for the life of me, I can’t figure out what ________ is wrong with the computer. A. in chaos B. in case C. in error D. in heaven Section B (20’) *(A) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appliance B. assign C. consciousness D. dominance E. excluded F. friendliness G. performance H. personify I. qualities J. stood K. yelled The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying — first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen ___16___ what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain circumstances, people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects. Sometimes we see things as human because we are lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attach ___17___ to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can alleviate loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been ___18___ in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends — unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human ___19___. The phone apparently ___20___ in for real friends. At other times, we ___21___ products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents ___22___ at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and desires”. So how do people ___23___ traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with ___24___. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them — especially in competitive situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles that were up turned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this feature as increasing a car’s ____25____. (B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. back B. degree C. demonstrate D. doubly E. enough F. finally G. loyalty H. promoted I. relevant J. turnover K. unconditional Although many companies offer tuition repayment, most companies only repay employees for classes that are ___26___ to their position. This is a very limiting policy. A company that repays employees for all college credit courses — whether job related or not — offers a service not only to the employees, but to the entire company. One good reason for giving employees ___27___ tuition repayment is that it shows the company’s commitment to its employees. In today’s economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable (可牺牲的), it is important for a company to ___28___ to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is with concrete investments in them. In turn, this commitment to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee ___29___. A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money ___30___ by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employee ___31___, because even employees who don’t take advantage of the tuition repayment program will be more loyal to their company just knowing that their company cares ___32___ to pay for their education. Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition repayment program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their ___33___, more often than not, the employee will stay with the company. And even if employees do leave after graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. Thus, even if the employee leaves upon graduating, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will ___34___ benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be ____35____ so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Cloze (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Are Screens Bad for Our Bodies? Never in recorded history has a language been as widely spoken as English is today. The reason why millions are learning it is simple: it is the language of international business and, ____36____, the key to prosperity. David Graddol, the author of English Next, says it is ____37____ to view the story of English simply as a success for its native speakers in North America, Britain and Ireland, and Australasia — but that would be a mistake. Global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might not ____38____. An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be in the future? Non-native speakers now ____39____ native English speakers by three to one. The majority of ____40____ in English today take place between non-native speakers. According to David Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run more smoothly when no native English speakers are present. This is because native speakers are often poor at ensuring that they are understood in international discussions. They tend to think they need to avoid longer Latin-based words, but in fact ____41____ problems are more often caused by their use of idioms, metaphors, phrasal verbs, etc. Professor Barbara Seidlhofer, Professor of English and Applied Linguistic at the University of Vienna, records and transcribes spoken English interactions between speakers of the language around the world. She says her team has noticed that non-native speakers are ____42____ standard English grammar in several ways. Even the most experienced speakers sometimes omit the “s” in the third person singular. Many omit definite and indefinite articles where they are ____43____ in standard English, or put them in where standard English does not use them. Nouns that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers (e. g., “informations,” “knowledges,” “advices”). Other variations include “make a discussion,” “discuss about something,” or “phone to somebody.” Many native English speakers will insist that these are just ____44____. “Knowledges” and “phone to somebody” are simply wrong. Many non-native speakers who teach English around the world would ____45____. But language changes, and so do concepts of grammatical ____46____. Those who insist on standard English grammar remain in a(n) ____47____ position. Academics who want their work published in international journals have to obey the grammatical rules followed by native English-speaking elites. But spoken English is another matter: Why should non-native speakers bother with what native speakers regard as correct? Their main aim, ____48____, is to be understood by one another, and in most cases there is no native speaker present. Professor Seidlhofer says, “I think that what we are looking at is the ____49____ of a new international attitude, the recognition, and awareness that in many international contexts non-native speakers do not need to speak like native speakers, to compare themselves to them, and thus always feel ‘____50____.’” 36. A. however B. therefore C. otherwise D. nevertheless 37. A. relieving B. fascinating C. tempting D. disappointing 38. A. like B. oppose C. mind D. doubt 39. A. outnumber B. outperform C. outlast D. outshine 40. A. studies B. adjustments C. changes D. encounters 41. A. absorption B. comprehension C. disturbance D. cognition 42. A. disgracing B. improving C. varying D. perfecting 43. A. edited B. neglected C. avoided D. required 44. A. mistakes B. coincidences C. exceptions D. excuses 45. A. fear B. object C. agree D. fight 46. A. ignorance B. evolution C. correctness D. guidance 47. A. honored B. shaky C. falling D. powerful 48. A. in a word B. after all C. by all means D. on the contrary 49. A. disappearance B. emergence C. criticism D. evaluation 50. A. less good B. less educated C. more aggressive D. more impolite Section B (22’) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past Very seldom have I met a courteous human being in this modern era of the so-called Generation X. Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being. I had gone to a fashionable coffee place, with two of my grown-up daughters. The place was crowded with the usual loud crowd and we had to climb a steep flight of stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we were walking down the steep stairs, where the narrow space made climbing down only possible in a single file, with hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down. Just as I was in the middle of the staircase, a gentleman entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase. I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man who would want to go up in a hurry. I kept coming down as fast as I could, holding on to the banister (扶手), in spite of my advanced years. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, hoping I would reach them before the stranger started up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort. Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door, I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through. We admired his kindness for both, waiting for us to come down before going up himself and also holding the main entrance door open for us to go out. To date, I still remember this gentleman and pray to God to make more human beings like him. 51. Before she met the man in the restaurant, the author had thought ________. A. she didn’t belong to the Generation X B. there were few polite people in the modern society C. having coffee in a fancy café was not her cup of tea D. human beings were born courteous 52. In paragraph 2, the underlined phrase “in a single file” means that ________. A. climbing down the staircase was easy as long as we held the file in hand B. walking down the stairs was like walking on a document C. we needed permission from the restaurant owner before we walked down D. the staircase was so narrow that only one person was allowed at a time 53. What can we infer from the passage about the author? A. She tended to feel nervous in some stressful situations. B. She was short-tempered and often walked very fast. C. She was a lady in her early thirties and was quite fit. D. She was grateful to the man and directly expressed thanks to him. 54. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. Strange Encounter at a Fancy Coffeeshop B. The Decline of the Generation X C. A Man of Mystery and Manners D. Rediscovering Courtesy in a Crowded World (B) Four Hotels That Will Make Your Life Easier For the business traveler who’s all about efficiency: check out these hotels that will get you in and out with minimum trouble. When you’re pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow hotel check-in process. On your next trip, try these hotels that offer a speedier check-in process. 1. Yotel New York The self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York hotel are open 24/7 and work just like the ones you’d see at an airport. There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There’s even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you’re carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm to swing down and store your luggage in a locker (say, for a day trip). This also speeds up the check-in process if the first thing you need to do, like me, is head to a series of meetings. 2. Marriott Detroit Airport Another option for business travelers in a hurry: Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year, including the Marriott Detroit Airport hotel. (I’ve tested the app itself but not for a real visit quite yet.) Here is the basic idea: you download the iPhone or Android app. The night before, you can “check-in” virtually. When you arrive, you get an alert that the room is ready and your key, which is already tied to your reservation, is waiting for you at the desk. 3. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis I happened to stay at this hotel recently and liked how fast the kiosk check-in works. Like the Yotel, the kiosk asks you to insert your credit card, similar to an airport terminal. The whole process took about three minutes. When I left, I was equally impressed with the fast check-out. An agent meets you in the lobby with an iPad and asks for an email to use for a receipt. The big advantage: you never have to wait in line. 4. Radisson LaCrosse The Radisson is trying to make the kiosk process even faster. At a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin, you use a mobile app to register and then receive a barcode by email or text. When you get to the kiosk, you can scan the barcode to get your key without any other steps required. It’s super fast. You can find this new check-in system at the Radisson hotels in Salt Lake City, Seattle, and Phoenix as well. 55. What does the word “infuriate” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. To annoy. B. To remind. C. To amuse. D. To impress. 56. In which two hotels can customers check in before they physically arrive at the front desk? A. Yotel New York and Marriott Detroit Airport. B. Marriott Detroit Airport and Radisson LaCrosse. C. Marriott Detroit Airport and Hyatt Regency Minneapolis. D. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis and Radisson LaCrosse. 57. Travis is a traveler, who is very particular about efficiency but is concerned about privacy leakage when checking-in online. He plans to stay at a hotel for one night and leave first thing in the morning for a tour of the city. He would come back to the hotel and pick up his belongings at dusk. Which of following hotel best meets his needs? A. Yotel New York. B. Marriott Detroit Airport. C. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis. D. Radisson LaCrosse. (C) Daydreaming It seems like every day there’s another study pointing to how this or that modern technology is destroying our ability to focus. But what if the problem is that we are expected to focus too much? By not giving our brains enough downtime maybe we are actually making the problems worse. Ever since I was a little kid, I have felt guilty about daydreaming. I related to the character Bastian from the movie “The Neverending Story”, when his father demanded, “Get your head down out of the clouds, and keep both feet on the ground!” It is a memorable line that’s repeated throughout the film, as Bastian struggles with the fantastical nature of the story he is involved in. And while I was never directly discouraged from dreaming as a kid, as I’ve gotten older, the notes I’ve gotten from our culture certainly have told me I was wasting my time whenever my head was in the clouds. And yet, it never felt right to shut down that daydreaming. For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that as humans, we get to go anywhere, do anything, be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our heads? But don’t just take my word for it: In the July, 2012 issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychological scientist Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues gathered a number of studies and explored them for details about the brain at rest, with some of the results summarized in ScienceDaily. “Findings suggest that individual differences in brain activity during rest are correlated with components of socio-emotional functioning, such as self-awareness and moral judgment, as well as different aspects of learning and memory.” So just like sleeping allows our brains to reorganize and finally work more efficiently, daydreaming may help our mental health, day-to-day. And brain “time-outs” may also help kids learn better (possibly proving wrong those adults who blame kids for daydreaming). “We focus on the outside world in education and don’t look much at inside focused skills and attentions but inside focus impacts the way we build memories, make meaning and move that learning into new contexts,” says Immordino-Yang. For kids who have been taught some version of inner focus, the studies that Immordino-Yang looked at indicated that they are less likely to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and do a better job of planning for the future. Next time you see a kid (or adult!) staring off into space, remember that they might actually be getting important work done. 58. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, “the problems” refer to ________. A. the problems with the brain health B. the problems with focus C. the problems with modern technology D. the problems with daydreaming 59. Which of the following does NOT belong to the benefits of daydreaming? A. Daydreaming makes life more fascinating. B. Daydreaming helps children improve academic performance. C. Day dreaming is good for kids’ mental health. D. Daydreaming enables adults to have more job opportunities. 60. From the passage, we can infer that ________. A. Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues draw their conclusion based on other researchers’ studies B. the Movie “The Neverending Story” mainly describes the relationship between Bastian and his father C. the author was warned by her parents that having her head in the clouds was a waste of time D. we should encourage kids to stare off into space as often as possible 61. As an adult, the author now holds a ________ attitude towards daydreaming. A. negative B. supportive C. neutral D. doubtful Section C (8’) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Rational Online Shopping It’s a tradition for Chinese to make special purchases such as snacks and festive food during the Spring Festival season. So many sellers try to attract consumers by various discounts and special offers, including online sellers. Recently, during the Spring Festival season, group buying websites have seen their businesses booming due to New Year packages. Now many local snacks from different places and regions across the country are being packed as New Year gifts by the sellers. ___62___ The lower prices have attracted many consumers. One of these websites says they attract more than 100,000 consumers in just a day. ___63___ Otherwise, you may start the New Year with an empty wallet. So just think carefully before buying online. Recently, some people have shared their annual online shopping bill on social media and many have been shocked by the total sum they spent during the past year. The total bill exceeded 10,000 yuan for many netizens. Looking through the bill, many people admitted that many items they had bought online weren’t necessary. ___64___ It was simply because the prices were lower. Some had free delivery, and others might have been discounted. In addition, there were also some discounted seasons such as the Single Day Discount on November 11. Even people would normally not buy things they had never thought about having, they just found themselves doing it when seeing the discount. Liu Guili is a professor at the School of Public Administration at Nanchang University. She says buying online is convenient and is preferred by many consumers, but good judgment is needed before loading up the online shopping basket. ___65___ Never spend more than you can afford. She urges shoppers to bear in mind that every shop owner wants to motivate buyers to spend. THINK TWICE before you buy. A. Moreover, she suggests that consumers should set a monthly shopping budget limit. B. Why did people choose to buy things they didn’t really need so blindly? C. Traditionally, people tend to consider expensive items to be of high-quality. D. So it can save consumers time and trouble of selecting gifts. E. However, experts remind consumers to control the urge to over-shop online. F. What can we do to prevent ourselves from buying things without rational thoughts? 第Ⅱ卷 *Ⅳ. Grammar (20’) (A) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that ____66____ (nice) men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered driver is the exception ____67____ the rule. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience ____68____ (resist) the temptation to take revenge when ____69____ (subject) to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way to ____70____ (relieve) the tightness of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in response to ____71____ act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and calm so necessary in modern traffic conditions. However, misplaced politeness ____72____ also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street to following traffic, ____73____ a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles ____74____ may be unable to stop in time. A veteran driver told me it would help if drivers learnt to filter correctly into traffic stream one at a time without causing total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Years ago, experts warned us that explosion in car ownership ____75____ (demand) more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. (B) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Some persons look on laws with fear, hatred, or annoyance. Laws seem to limit people’s freedom to do many things they would like to do. ____76____ laws may prevent us from doing things we wish to do at the moment, laws make everyone's life safer and more pleasant. ____77____ laws we could not hold on to our property; we could not go to bed at night expecting to wake up in the morning and find that we had not been robbed; no stores ____78____we buy food, clothes, and other necessities could stay open and sell to us. Our banks would not be safe places ____79____ (keep) our money. Social life would be impossible without laws to control the way people treat one another. It is not the laws ____80____ should be feared but the trouble that comes to everyone when laws are broken. Once this is understood, a citizen will not fear or hate the law. ____81____ (understand) the need for good laws and the evil results of breaking laws is the first requirement of good citizenship and government. Philosophers once ____82____ (believe) that in prehistoric time people lived without laws in a “state of nature”. People were free to do ____83____ they pleased unless someone stronger stopped them by force. As a result, life became so dangerous and unsafe that leaders ____84____create laws to protect life and property. This is no longer believed to be true. Scholars now think that as soon as people began living in small groups, they worked out rules for getting along with one other. In time everyone accepted and supported the rules. Such rules and habits of life are called folkways. Folkways are probably the real beginning of human laws, ____85____ of religion, morals, and education. As life became more complex, folkways became more complete guides to living. After thousands of years, some of the important folkways were put into writing as the earlier laws. Ⅴ. Summary Writing (10’) 86. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What Is Emotional Eating? Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of to satisfy hunger. We’ve all been there, finishing a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downing cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test. But when done a lot — especially without realizing it — emotional eating can affect weight, health, and overall well-being. Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings. But understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it. One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it’s caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they’re stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine’s Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce. More often, though, it’s the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort or distraction in food. Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done. A kid who is given cookies as a way to stop crying may learn to link cookies with comfort. It’s not easy to “unlearn” patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what’s going on. We’re all emotional eaters to some extent (who hasn’t suddenly found room for dessert after a filling dinner?). But for some people, emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain. The trouble with emotional eating (aside from the health issues) is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain. And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you did. That’s why it helps to know the differences between physical hunger and emotional hunger. Next time you reach for a snack, check in and see which type of hunger is driving it. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ. Translation (3'+3'+4'+5'=15') Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 87. 一想到考试她就心神不宁，很难集中精力做其他事情。(disturb) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 88. 扎实的数学基础对于攻读工程学的学生来说是必不可少的。(foundation) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 89. 随着中国北方气温跌破冰点，冰雪旅游和冰雪体育活动的热度不断攀升。(with) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 90. 一旦重金属污染进入食物链，将对全球生态环境造成影响，危及全人类的健康和福祉。(pose) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【挑战题】(10') Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, D and E. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. In this excerpt from an essay on the symbolic language of dreams, the writer Erich Fromm explores the nature of symbols. One of the current definitions of a symbol is that it is “something that stands for something else.” We can differentiate between three kinds of symbols: the conventional, the accidental, and the universal symbol. The conventional symbol is the best known of the three, since we employ it in everyday language. If we see the word “table” or hear the sound “table,” the letters t-a-b-l-e stand for something else. They stand for the thing “table” that we see, touch, and use. What is the connection between the word “table” and the thing “table”? Is there any inherent relationship between them? Obviously not. The thing table has nothing to do with the sound table, and the only reason the word symbolizes the thing is the convention of calling this particular thing by a name. We learn this connection as children by the repeated experience of hearing the word in reference to the thing until a lasting association is formed so that we don’t have to think to find the right word. There are some words, however, in which the association is not only conventional. When we say “phooey,” for instance, we make with our lips a movement of dispelling the air quickly. It is an expression of disgust in which our mouths participate. By this quick expulsion of air we imitate and thus express our intention to expel something, to get it out of our system. In this case, as in some others, the symbol has an inherent connection with the feeling it symbolizes. But even if we assume that originally many or even all words had their origins in some such inherent connection between symbol and the symbolized, most words no longer have this meaning for us when we learn a language. Words are not the only illustration for conventional symbols, although they are the most frequent and best-known ones. Pictures also can be conventional symbols. A flag, for instance, may stand for a specific country, and yet there is no intrinsic connection between the specific colors and the country for which they stand. They have been accepted as denoting that particular country, and we translate the visual impression of the flag into the concept of that country, again on conventional grounds. The opposite to the conventional symbol is the accidental symbol, although they have one thing in common: there is no intrinsic relationship between the symbol and that which it symbolizes. Let us assume that someone has had a saddening experience in a certain city; when he hears the name of that city, he will easily connect the name with a mood of sadness, just as he would connect it with a mood of joy had his experience been a happy one. Quite obviously, there is nothing in the nature of the city that is either sad or joyful. It is the individual experience connected with the city that makes it a symbol of a mood. The same reaction could occur in connection with a house, a street, a certain dress, certain scenery, or anything once connected with a specific mood. We might find ourselves dreaming that we are in a certain city. We ask ourselves why we happened to think of that city in our sleep and may discover that we had fallen asleep in a mood similar to the one symbolized by the city. The picture in the dream represents this mood, the city “stands for” the mood once experienced in it. The connection between the symbol and the experience symbolized is entirely accidental. The universal symbol is one in which there is an intrinsic relationship between the symbol and that which it represents. Take, for instance, the symbol of fire. We are fascinated by certain qualities of fire in a fireplace. First of all, by its aliveness. It changes continuously, it moves all the time, and yet there is constancy in it. It remains the same without being the same. It gives the impression of power, of energy, of grace and lightness. It is as if it were dancing, and had an inexhaustible source of energy. When we use fire as a symbol, we describe the inner experience characterized by the same elements which we notice in the sensory experience of fire the mood of energy, lightness, movement, grace, gaiety, sometimes one, sometimes another of these elements being predominant in the feeling. The universal symbol is the only one in which the relationship between the symbol and that which is symbolized is not coincidental, but intrinsic. It is rooted in the experience of the affinity between an emotion or thought, on the one hand, and a sensory experience, on the other. It can be called universal because it is shared by all men, in contrast not only to the accidental symbol, which is by its very nature entirely personal, but also to the conventional symbol, which is restricted to a group of people sharing the same convention. The universal symbol is rooted in the properties of our body, our senses, and our mind, which are common to all men and, therefore, not restricted to individuals or to specific groups. Indeed, the language of the universal symbol is the one common tongue developed by the human race, a language which it forgot before it succeeded in developing a universal conventional language. 91. The passage is primarily concerned with ________. A. refuting an argument B. illustrating an axiom C. describing a process D. proving a thesis E. refining a definition 92. According to paragraph 2 and 3, “table” and “phooey” differ in that ________. A. only one is a conventional symbol B. “table” is a better-known symbol than “phooey” C. “phooey” has an intrinsic natural link with its meaning D. children learn “phooey” more readily than they learn “table” E. only one is used exclusively by children 93. It can be inferred from the passage that another example of a word with both inherent and conventional associations to its meaning is ________. A. hiss B. hike C. hold D. candle E. telephone 94. The author contends that conventional symbols ________. A. are less meaningful than accidental ones B. necessarily have an innate connection with an emotion C. can be pictorial as well as linguistic D. are less familiar than universal symbols E. appeal chiefly to conventionally minded people 95. Which of the following would the author be most likely to categorize as a conventional symbol? A. a country road B. a patchwork quilt C. a bonfire D. the city of London E. the Statue of Liberty 96. According to the author’s argument, a relationship between the city of Paris and the mood of joy can best be described as ________. A. innate B. dreamlike C. elemental D. coincidental E. immutable 97. A major factor distinguishing a universal symbol from conventional and accidental symbols is ________ A. its origins in sensory experience B. its dependence on a specific occasion C. the intensity of the mood experienced D. its unmemorable nature E. its appeal to the individual 98. Which of the following would the author most likely categorize as a universal symbol? A. the letters f-i-r-e B. the letters p-h-o-o-e-y C. a red dress D. an American flag E. water in a stream 99. The word “properties” in the last paragraph means ________. A. possessions B. attributes C. investments D. titles E. grounds 100. The author contends in the last paragraph that the language of the universal symbol ________. A. antedates the development of everyday conventional language B. restricts itself to those capable of comprehending symbolism C. should be adopted as the common tongue for the human race D. grew out of human efforts to create a universal conventional language E. developed accidentally from the human desire to communicate 2024-2025学年度第一学期 高二英语期末考试卷 （满分160分，130分钟完成，答案一律写在答题纸上） 考试说明：试卷最后的挑战题为非必答题，分值10分 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She has no appetite at all. B. She wants to dine out. C. She is too tired to go out. D. She prefers to cook at home. 2. A. 6 pounds B. 7 pounds. C. 8 pounds. D. 9 pounds. 3. A. At the professor's office. B. In the bookstore. C. In the library. D. In the laboratory. 4. A. Because something went wrong with his car. B. Because his car was broken in an accident. C. Because he wanted to take a walk for a rest. D. Because he was stuck in a traffic jam. 5. A. The morning flight. B. The afternoon flight. C. The evening flight. D. The midnight flight. 6. A. She is not interested in going camping with him. B. She wants the man to stay at home with her. C. She thinks the man needs to have a good rest. D She thinks the man should prepare for the exams. 7. A. Some major revisions are needed. B. It should be revised by a tutor. C. Only a few changes should be made. D. The draft needs no revision at all. 8. A. He is going away for a while. B. He worked hard to earn money. C. He did very well in the exam. D. He can't wait to have rest. 9. A. He forgot to bring his own camera. B. He is not good at taking pictures. C. He cannot take a photo with the camera. D. He doesn't know how to use the camera. 10. A. She was interrupted by a visiting friend. B. She didn't come back until midnight. C. She stayed up late for the final exam. D. She visited her friend instead of studying. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They can maintain their body temperature stable. B. They consume enough energy before the long sleep. C. They can keep their heart beat at a regular rate. D. They have their weight increased to the maximum. 12. A. By staying in hiding places and eating little. B. By seeking extra food and warm shelter. C. By growing thicker hair to stay warm. D. By storing enough food in advance. 13. A. To stay safe. B. To save energy. C. To get more food. D. To protect the young. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Four to six hours. B. Six to nine hours. C. Around eight hours. D. More than eight hours. 15. A. They may not be able to concentrate well. B. They may get the feeling of being drunk. C. They may suffer from high blood pressure. D. They may lose weight easily in a short period of time. 16. A. Military people are used to being deprived of sleep. B. Training can make people sleep less and suffer less. C. People can bank sleep by sleeping more beforehand. D. Sleeping earlier than usual makes people sleep less. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Double Eleven sales in 2021. B. Unreliable factors of online shopping. C. Key points of Taobao's success in sales. D. Advantages and disadvantages of online shopping. 18. A. People who are good at doing business. B. People who work seven days a week. C. People who have very busy schedules. D. People who dislike telephone shopping. 19. A. Consumers can save a lot of time. B. It provides round-the-clock service. C. People can buy things without leaving their homes or offices. D. The quality of the product is the same as what is described online. 20. A. Inferior quality. B. Various retailers. C. Efficient sales return. D. Convenient delivery. Ⅱ. Vocabulary Section A (15’) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 【1题答案】 【答案】C 【2题答案】 【答案】A 【3题答案】 【答案】B 【4题答案】 【答案】A 【5题答案】 【答案】D 【6题答案】 【答案】A 【7题答案】 【答案】B 【8题答案】 【答案】C 【9题答案】 【答案】D 【10题答案】 【答案】B 【11题答案】 【答案】C 【12题答案】 【答案】C 【13题答案】 【答案】A 【14题答案】 【答案】B 【15题答案】 【答案】D Section B (20’) *(A) 【16~25题答案】 【答案】16. A 17. C 18. E 19. I 20. J 21. H 22. K 23. B 24. D 25. F (B) 【26~35题答案】 【答案】26. I 27. K 28. C 29. G 30. A 31. J 32. E 33. B 34. D 35. H Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Cloze (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【36~50题答案】 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. A Section B (22’) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) 【51~54题答案】 【答案】51. B 52. D 53. A 54. D (B) 【55~57题答案】 【答案】55. A 56. B 57. A (C) 【58~61题答案】 【答案】58. B 59. D 60. A 61. B Section C (8’) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【62~65题答案】 【答案】62. D 63. E 64. B 65. A 第Ⅱ卷 *Ⅳ. Grammar (20’) (A) 【66~75题答案】 【答案】66. the nicest 67. to 68. to resist 69. subjected 70. relieving 71. an 72. can 73. when 74. which##that 75. would demand (B) 【76~85题答案】 【答案】76. Though##While##Although 77. Without 78. in which##where 79. to keep 80. that 81. Understanding 82. believed 83. as 84. had to 85. as well as Ⅴ. Summary Writing (10’) 【86题答案】 【答案】One possible version: Emotional eating can be harmful to people’s fitness. Generally, it’s produced by both negative and positive emotions, or even devastating blows, which, however, is mainly caused by numerous pressures in everyday life. We easily slide into emotional eating patterns, but we can avoid it if we have an insight into the real cause. To get rid of the troublesome results of emotional eating, we should learn to distinguish physical hunger from emotional hunger. Ⅵ. Translation (3'+3'+4'+5'=15') Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 【87题答案】 【答案】The thought of the exam disturbed her and she found it extremely hard to focus on anything else. 【88题答案】 【答案】It is essential for engineering students to have a solid math foundation. 【89题答案】 【答案】With temperatures in northern China plunging below freezing, ice-snow tourism and winter sports activities are gaining surging popularity. 【90题答案】 【答案】Once heavy metal contamination enters the food chain, it will pose a threat to the global ecological system, endangering the health and well-being of all humanity. 【挑战题】(10') Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, D and E. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【91~100题答案】 【答案】91. E 92. C 93. A 94. C 95. E 96. D 97. A 98. E 99. B 100. A 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $