2026届高考复习英语语法导学案

目录 第一章 三大基本句型及词性 2 第一节 句子成分 2 第二节 三大核心基本句型 5 第三节 高考重点词性 7 第三章 时态和被动语态 18 第一节 时态综合 18 第二节 被动语态 20 第四章 句法 22 第一节 定语从句 22 第二节 状语从句 27 第三节 名词性从句 30 第四节 非谓语 34 第五节 特殊句型 37 第一章 三大基本句型及词性 第一节 句子成分 一、句子成分 ☆主语 1. 概念 动作的 ________，话题中心，通常位于 ________。 2. 词性 由 ________ 或 ________ 充当(如，名词、代词、动名词等) e.g. My father is a teacher. e.g. I can see a desk in the room. e.g. Learning English well is important. ☆谓语 1. 概念 对主语动作状态或者特征的说明，位于 ________，有时态和数的变化。 2. 词性 谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是 ________。 e.g. The teacher loves playing basketball. e.g. Lucy doesn’t do homework every day. e.g. I can’t join the club. e.g. She is a nice person. 【注意】谓语部分分为以下几种情况： (1) 实义动词 (2) 助动词+实义动词 (3) 情态动词+实义动词 (4) 系动词+表语 ☆宾语 1. 概念 动作、行为的________。 2. 词性 由名词、代词、动名词来充当。 e.g. I have three ping-pong balls. e.g. His friends often help him. e.g. My favourite sport is fishing. ☆表语 1. 概念 表语说明主语“________”或者“________”。 2. 词性 由名词、形容词、介词来充当。 e.g. I am a student. e.g. The weather is good. e.g. They are on the playground (操场). ☆定语 1. 概念 ________和________名词或代词的词。 2. 词性 由形容词、代词、名词、介词短语充当， 作定语一般放在被修饰词前, 不定代词后。 e.g. They have a clever son. e.g. I have something important to tell you. （2）________ 作定语一般用单数形式。 e.g. school bus, ticket office, paper flowers （3）________ 作定语。 e.g. This is my father. （4）________ 作定语，一般放在被修饰词之后。 e.g. The workers in the factory work very hard. ☆状语 1. 概念 修饰________、________、________或者________，有表________、________、________、________、________、________等状语。 2. 词性 由副词、介词短语、不定式充当。 e.g. He does it carefully. e.g. We often help him. e.g. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. 【注意】形容词和副词的用法区别 形容词作________ 修饰：________ ________ 副词作________ 修饰：________ ________ ________ ________ 练习： 给下文中的句子标注出主语，谓语，宾语，状语，定语 （一） Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. 1 could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!’ I said angrily. ‘It's none of your business,’the young man said rudely. ‘This is a private conversation!’ （二） Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below, The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again. ​​第二节 三大核心基本句型 1. 主谓结构（S+V）​​ 核心特征：谓语为不及物动词（无需宾语即可表意完整） 1. The sun rises. （主语+谓语） 2. Birds sing beautifully. （+副词状语） 3. He went on holiday. （+介词短语状语） 2. 主系表结构（S+V+P）​​ 核心特征：系动词连接主语与表语（说明主语状态/属性）。 1. Silk feels soft.（感官系动词+形容词表语） 2. The truth is that he is missing.（名词性从句作表语） 3. 主谓宾结构（S+V+O）​​​​ 核心特征：谓语为及物动词​​（需接宾语）。 1. He practices speaking English.（动名词作宾语） 2. I want to help him.（不定式作宾语） 练习1：将下列乱序的句子恢复正确语序 1. every day / the piano / She / plays. ________________________________________ 2. yesterday / a book / He / bought. ________________________________________ 3. a beautiful song / The bird / sings. ________________________________________ 4. English / every morning / We / study. ________________________________________ 5. from Australia / a letter / I / received. ________________________________________ 6. a movie / last night / They / watched. ________________________________________ 7. their homework / The students / finished. ________________________________________ 8. history / us / She / teaches. ________________________________________ 9. every afternoon / an apple / He / eats. ________________________________________ 10. the mouse / The cat / chased. ________________________________________ 练习2：汉译英 1. 昨天我去看了电影。 ________________________________________ 2. Tom开始喜欢上了写作。 ________________________________________ 3. 我们学校下周一将举办英语演讲比赛。 ________________________________________ 4. 我向老师表达了衷心的感谢。 ________________________________________ 5. 妈妈紧紧地保住了她的儿子。 ________________________________________ ​​第三节 高考重点词性 一、名词（n.） ☆名词分为可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词单数变复数的规则 练习： 1. This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 2. Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away. 3. This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 4. I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 5. Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 6. Filled with (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 二、代词（pron.） ☆人称代词，物主代词，反身代词 E.g. I am a teacher. I bought a gift for my mom. 练习： 1. Scientists found that birds in Peru moved to higher places due to climate change, and changes to food sources forced ______ (they) to go higher. 2. The Great Wall was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987, the first of ______ (it) kind in China. 3. Liu Yuzhu added that programs like theirs combine public education with restoration of relics, allowing every enthusiast to protect the Great Wall ______ (they). 4. Pinnick formed a deep connection with Wudang culture and now considers martial arts ______ (he) lifetime passion. 5. "Help ______ (you) to some fruit," the host said to the children. 三、形容词（adj.）和副词（adv.） 1. 形容词变副词的规则 练习： 1. Steam engines are used to pull the carriages and it must have been __________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 2. However, be (care) not to go to extremes. 2. 形容词&副词变比较级最高级规则 ①比较级的使用情形 （1）形容词、副词的比较级表示两者作比较，意为“A比B...”，在比较级后面，常用than引出被比较的对象，结构为：A+v.+比较级+than+B e.g. Tina is good at playing volleyball. But Jim plays better than her. 练习： 1. According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years (long) than non-runners. 2. Sixteen years (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal. （2）The + 比较级…, the + 比较级… 意为越...越... e.g. The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 练习： 1. The amazing thing is that the colder the temperature gets, the （hot）the spring is! 2. Remember, children. The ________（much） careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. ②最高级的使用情形 （1）形容词、副词的最高级表示三者或三者以上 (人或事物)的比较，形容词最高级前常用定冠词the；前有名词所有格、形容词性物主代词时，副词最高级前，the要省略。句中可用介词短语来说明比较的范围。 e.g. He is the tallest in his class. 练习： 1. James is the _______ （quiet） person I know. He hardly ever talks to others. 2. I’m flash. The _______（fast）man alive in the world. （2）one of +________+________+名词________，表示“最…之一”。 e.g. China is one of the largest countries in the world. 练习： 1. It’s one of the most ________（interest） films I’ve ever seen. 2. The central London Railway was one of the most ________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 综合练习： 1. However, be (care) not to go to extremes. 2. We decided it was time for some action and what was (good) than to ride on a piece of history! 3. But something made her look closer , and she noticed a (shine) object. 4. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always (energy). 5. A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change. 6. He screams the (loud) of all. 7. We are so proud of her. It's (wonder). 8. Landing on the moon’s far side is (extreme) challenging. 9. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. 10. It will （undoubted）help you get refreshed! 四、介词（prep.） 定义： 1. 介词是一种虚词，用来表示与句子中其他词之间的关系。 e.g. My English class is at 4 o’clock. e.g. I feel very lonely without my dog. 2. 在句中不能单独使用，必须在后面加上名词性词汇（如名词、代词、数词等）构成介词短语。 3. 介词后面的词作宾语，称为介词宾语，用宾格形式。 1. in ①在......期间 It is built originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored. ②以......方式 The fans came __________ different shapes, such as round and square and they were made from various materials. ③在......方面 Decorated with cobalt blue pigment on a white ceramic body, qinghuaci ware (瓷器) in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, is considered the best _______ quality. ④固定搭配 According to official statistics, over 346 million Chinese people have participated ________ winter sports training. 2. as 作为 Before Tianhe's launch, audio of a collection of pulsar signals(脉冲星信号) recently captured by FAST—also known__________China's "Sky Eye"—was seen spread widely on social media earlier on Thursday by excited Chinese netizens. 3. to ①固定搭配 Fiona created a beautiful mini garden for the helpless animal and treated it ________ some sugar water. ②到达 He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an ________ Kashgar on seat 4. on 固定搭配 That does not mean that there aren’t reputable public universities in the USA. Thus, don't focus only ________ the rankings. 5. for 对于 And astronauts, scientists and engineers are becoming role models __________ more and more young people. 6. from 从…… A company represented wrote back and told me the airline was switching over __________ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 7. by ①通过 The port workers and fishermen who worked and lived along the Yangtze River could not afford to eat the regular cuts of meat, so they figured out a way to cook cheap meats and offal (内脏)__________boiling them in a pot of extremely spicy soup. ②被...... May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially__________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 8. with 固定搭配 Drawing inspiration from the painting masterpiece One Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains, Hai has written a thriller which combines the elements of traditional Chinese culture and history________sci-fi and detective genres (体裁) 9. of ...的... “Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet”, a 58-minute film released recently on BBC introduces Du Fu to the Western world for the first time in the form ________ documentary. 综合练习： 1. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ________ the late 1980s. 2. Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 3. Giant pandas also serve ________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 4. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ______ saving their environment. 5.Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history evn down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully build system of ring roads 6.There you will find them prepared differently --- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are  pressed ______ hand rather than rolled.  7.I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. And who do they speak English ______? 8. This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _______ all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. 9. The Glasshouse stands ________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path. 10. I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion（《牡丹亭》）is similar in some ways ________Romeo and Juliet." 五、冠词（art.） （一）冠词定义 1. 冠词是帽子，名词戴帽子。因此，只有名词前才可以用冠词，但是可以冠词+ 形容词 +名词, 此处形容词是修饰名词，因此冠词还是戴在名词上。 e.g. a red quilt 但是不能用a red，因为没有名词。 2. 冠词分为定冠词the和不定冠词a / an。 (二) 不定冠词 1. 表示泛指或者不确定中的一个、一种或者一件等，用不定冠词 e.g. I am a student. 2. 第一次提到的的人或者物，用不定冠词 e.g. I have an uncle. He is in the USA now. 不定冠词a/an的区别 在普通单词中，选择a还是an要看发音而不是首字母。以元音开头的单数可数名词前，用an；以辅音开头的单数可数名词前，用a。 e.g. an orange; a map 注意：常见的以元音字母开头，但是发辅音的单词，Europe、European、uniform、usual 常见的以辅音字母开头，但是发元音的单词，honest、unusual、hour等 练习： 1. There is ________ old woman at the door and there is ________ young girl near him. 2. Angela is ________ eight-year-old girl with long black hair. （3） 定冠词 定义：定冠词the，和名词连用表示某个或某些特定的人或物，表示这/那个，这/那些。特指某(些)人或某(些)事物 1. 被限制性修饰语所限定的人或物 e.g. The book on the desk is Jim’s. 2. 说话双方已知的内容 e.g. Open the door please. 3. 上文提到过的内容 e.g. I have a dog. The dog is very cute. 综合练习： 1. It took us about 3 hours to go all ________ way around the Xi'an City Wall. 2. While you’re in China, Mount Huang shan is________ must to visit! 3. ________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 4. To celebrate ________  festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 5. Covering an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the CPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 6. ________Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. 7. The meat should be fresh with _______ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. 8.Not the pandas, even though _______language used for the medical training instructions is actually  English. 9. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ________ first time. 六、连词（conj.） 定义：用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，表示它们之间的逻辑关系（如并列、转折、因果、条件等）。连词本身没有实际意义，主要起语法连接作用 连词分为并列连词和从属连词，本节重点是并列连词。 并列连词有：and, but, or, so (a) Steven and his friend are coming to dinner. (b) Susan raised her hand and snapped her fingers. (c) He is waving his arms and shouting at us. (d) These shoes are old but comfortable. (e) He wants to watch TV or listen to some music. 练习： 1. My bike was old and shaky did the job. 2. I found the contact information of the company________ emailed its president. 3. The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ________ cultural exchanges. 4. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ________ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations". 5. It is a distinct visual contrast that shouldn’t work, ________ somehow these two very different worlds  make a good combination. 6. To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill, ______ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 第三章 时态和被动语态 第一节 时态综合 一、动词（v.） 动词在句中可以作谓语和非谓语 二、时态结构 练习： （1）阅读短文回答问题 Cooking Class Central Market is offering two classes this month. If you are curious about Indian Food, then Tandoori Nights is the class for you. This class will meet every Friday night 6:00-8:00. Instructor Elaine Adams had owned a small café in India for several years before she returned to the United States last year. She is going to focus primarily on chicken and vegetarian dishes from northern India. For Spanish food enthusiasts, we are offering Spanish Style Slow Cooking. This class meets Saturday afternoons 2:00-4:00.Instructor Ruben Reyes has been teaching classes at Central Market for nearly twenty years. He has written three cookbooks on Spanish and Mediterranean cuisine. His newest book explores the art of slow cooking. His class introduces students to several main dishes. If you haven't registered, there is still time, but classes are getting full. 1. 写出文中6个一般现在时的动词 2. 写出文中3个现在进行时的动词 3. 写出文中1个一般过去时的动词 4. 写出文中2个一般将来时的动词 5. 写出文中2个现在完成时的动词 6. 写出文中1个现在完成进行时的动词 7. 写出文中1个过去完成时的动词 （2）语法填空 1. But at the moment, school (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. 2. Pahlsson and her husband (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. 3. Diets have changed in China --- and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country （grow）more corn than rice. 4. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 5.“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I （make） over the years. 第二节 被动语态 被动语态结构：be done 练习： （1）用be动词的正确形式将主动语态改写为被动语态。在被动语态句中be动词的时态和主动语态句中的时态保持一致。 Mrs. Bell answered my question. My question was answered by Mrs. Bell. 1.一般现在时： Authors write books. Books written by authors. 2.现在进行时： Mr. Brown is writing that book. That book written by authors. 3.现在完成时： Ms. Lee has written the report. The report written by Ms. Lee. 4.一般过去时： Bob wrote that letter. That letter written by Bob 5.过去进行时： A student was writing the report. The report written by a student. 6.过去完成时： Lucy had written a memo. A memo written by Lucy. 7、一般将来时： Your teacher will write a report. A report written by your teacher. 8. be going to: Tom is going to write a letter. The letter written by Tom. 9.将来完成时： Alice will have written the report. The report written by Alice. 10. The judges have made a decision. A decision made by the judges. （2）完成句子。将下列向子中的单词由主动语态改写成被动语态。 1. Picasso painted that picture. That picture was painted by Picasso. 2. Experienced pilots fly these planes. The national anthem 3. A famous singer is going to sing the national anthem. These planes 4. Yale University has accepted my cousin. My cousin 5. The doctor will examine the patient. The patient 6. A dog bit our mail carrier. Our mail carrier （3）语法填空 1. Sarah __________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. 2. Steam engines __________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 3. When fat and salt __________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. 4. On the last day of our week-long stay，we __________（invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars. 5. The artist was sure he would __________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. 第四章 句法 第一节 定语从句 一、限定性定语从句 You have eyes. The eyes can talk. You have eyes that/which can talk. The eyes that/which you have can talk. 1.定义：修饰名词或代词的句子 2.结构：先行词+关系词+从句 先行词；走在关系词之前的名/代 关系词：关系代词/关系副词 限制性定语从句关系词分类及用法 （一）关系代词以及基本用法 关系代词 指示对象 作用 例句 That The student that answered the question was John. The book (that) you lent me was interesting. Which Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. Who A doctor is a person who looks after people's health. The man (who) you met just now is my friend. Whom The man (whom) you met just now is my friend. Mr. Ling is just the boy (whom) I want to see. Whose He has a friend whose father is a doctor. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 练习 1. Do you see the bridge__________was built last year. 2. The nurse__________we talked about can speak English well. 3. The old gentleman__________you met just now is a famous writer. 4. She was a brave girl__________name is known to everybody. 注意：定从中只能用that而不用which的情况 1. 先行词为all、everything、something、nothing、anything、little 、much、none、the one时或被这些词修饰时 ， All that can be done has been done . 2. 当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，只用that This is the most beautiful park that I have visited . 3. 当先行词被序数词修饰时，只用that The first lesson that we have learned will never be easily forgotten . This is the last class that we will have this term . 4.当先行词被the only , the very , the last、one of、no、little、few、any、very修饰时， The only student that may be elected is in our class . I have no question that will be asked . There was little that interested him at the meeting. This is the very book that I am looking for . 5.当先行词既指人又指物时 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember . 6.当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that Who is the girl that is standing there ? （二）关系副词以及基本用法 关系副词 指示对象 作用 例句 When I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. The time when we got together finally came. where This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. Shanghai is the city where I was born. Why (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 练习 1. Do you see the bridge _________was built last year. 2. She was the brave girl _________ name is known to everybody. 3. We will never forget the day ____________ we flew at an altitude of 6,000 meters in the sky. 4. Let's meet at the restaurant ____________ we had dinner together last time! 5. We are living in an age ____________ many things are done on the Internet. 6. Finally, we got to the factory ____________ many mobile phones of high quality were produced. 二、非限制性定语从句 找出下列句子的连接词及其指代对象 (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) They went to London, where they lived for six months. (4) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (5) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (6) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe. 1. 请观察，先行词是词时，非限制性定语从句解题思路为：关系词一定不用_______。 2. 请观察，先行词是句子时，非限制性定语从句解题思路为： _______________________________________________________。 3. 请观察，as和which在指代句子时，不同点在哪里？ 1）在位置上，______________________________________________。 2）在规律上，______________________________________________。 练习: 1）用as和which填空 1. He was late again, ________ we had expected. 2. The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, ________ makes it very dirty. 3. The young man cheated his friend of much money, ________ was disgraceful. 4. He takes exercise every day, ________ has done a lot of good to his health. 5. ________ has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 2）用定语从句连接词填空 1. Life is like a long race ____________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 2. Just as I was in the middle of my descent (下降), a gentleman entered the main entrance ____________ was right in front of the staircase. 3. Do you still remember the days ____________ we chatted with each other all night? 4. Opposite is St. Paul’s church, ____________ you can hear some lovely music. 5. Please go through the text and underline the words ____________ meanings you don't know. 6. Most of us are more productive in a quiet place ____________ we are not going to be interrupted. 7. It's helpful to put children in a situation ____________ they can see themselves differently. 8. Lichun is a Chinese word for one of the 24 solar terms, ____________ means the beginning of spring. 9. I don't know the reason ____________ he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday. 10. Chongyang Festival, ____________ is also known as the Double Ninth Festival, falls on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar. 练习：汉译英 1. 我喜欢那本封面上有彩虹的书。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2.我在派对上遇到的那个女孩非常友善。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 3.昨天我在街上看到的那个男人是我的老师。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 4.桌子上那本关于历史的书很有趣。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 5.我刚才听的那首歌让我想起了我的童年。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 6.我正在找的那本书可能在我的书架上。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ​​第二节 状语从句 (一) 时间状语从句（结构：①主句+连词+从句 ②连词+从句，主句） 连词：（1）after 在......之后 E.g. After she graduates, she will get a job. （2）before 在......之前 E.g. l will leave before he comes. （3）when / while / as / by the time 当......时候 E.g. When l arrived, he was talking on the phone. By the time he arrived, we had already left. （4） since 自从 E.g. l haven't seen him since he left this morning. （5）until / till（口语） 直到 *not until 直到......才...... E.g. We stayed there until we finished our work. We didn’t have dinner until my mom came back. （6）as soon as / once 一......就...... E.g. As soon as / Once it stops raining, we will leave. 练习： 下雨的时候，我在等公交车。 ______________________________________________________ 我妈妈做饭的时候，我正在做作业。 ______________________________________________________ 爸爸一回来，我们就吃饭。 ______________________________________________________ 她毕业之后，找到了工作。 ______________________________________________________ (二) 原因状语从句 （结构：①主句+连词+从句 ②连词+从句，主句） 连词：because / since / now that / as 因为 E.g. Because / Since / Now that he was sleepy, he went to bed. 练习： 因为做完作业，所以我可以出去了。 ______________________________________________________ 由于周天是假日，所以我不用工作。 ______________________________________________________ 因为下雨，所以我没去图书馆。 ______________________________________________________ (三) 让步状语从句 （结构：①主句+连词+从句 ②连词+从句，主句） 连词：although / though / while / even though 尽管，虽然 E.g. Although the weather was cold, I went swimming. 练习： 尽管下雨，我还是去了图书馆。 ______________________________________________________ 尽管他很累，他还是坚持完成了任务。 ______________________________________________________ 不管多难，我都不会放弃我的梦想。 ______________________________________________________ (四) 条件状语从句 （结构：①主句+连词+从句 ②连词+从句，主句） 连词：（1）if / provided that / supposing that / given that 如果，假如，考虑到 E.g. If it rains tomorrow, I will take my umbrella. （2）as long as / only if只要 E.g. As long as / Only if it is a fine day, we will go on the picnic. （3）whether or not 无论是否 E.g. I will go swimming tomorrow whether or not it is cold.（whether it is cold or not.） （4）unless 除非，如果不 = if ... not E.g. I’ll go swimming tomorrow unless it’s cold. 练习： 无论你是否来，我都会等你。 ______________________________________________________ 如果你努力学习，就会取得好成绩的。 ______________________________________________________ 只有天气晴朗，我们才能去野餐。 ______________________________________________________ 综合练习： 1. 由于天气热, 他打开了窗户。 ______________________________________________________ 2. 因为她生病了, 所以只能呆在家里。 ______________________________________________________ 3. 他直到火车离开才意识到自己错过了。 ______________________________________________________ 4. 他直到火车离开才意识到自己错过了。 ______________________________________________________ 5. 我正在整理书架时，发现了一本旧日记。 ______________________________________________________ 6. 虽然这项任务很艰巨，但是我们依然有信心完成它。 ______________________________________________________ 7. 考虑到他们没有经验，他们已经做得很好了。 ______________________________________________________ 8. 尽管练习很乏味，但是可以帮我们提高成绩。 ______________________________________________________ 第三节 名词性从句 ◆请画出下列句子的主句和从句部分： 1. What he is doing has nothing to do with you. 2. Can you tell me when the bus is coming? 3. The fact is that he didn’t know how to work. 4. We heard the news that our team had won. E.g. I don't know if he will come to the party. She asked me what I wanted for my birthday. 练习: 1. They tend to know __________ shoppers want — even before shoppers know themselves 2.The doctor concluded __________ she had caught a heavy cold. E.g. 1.What he said at the meeting surprised everyone. 2.Who will be the next president is a question worth discussing. 练习: 1. __________ you come or not is up to you. 2. __________ inspired the kids most was the enthusiasm the actors showed in the play. E.g. 1.The most important thing is what we can learn from the experience. 2.Her concern is whether the children are safe. 练习: 1. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is __________ my mother used to tell me. 2. By boat is the only way to get here, which is __________ we arrived. E.g. 1.The fact that she had lied to him was a shock to him. 2.The idea that we should hold a party for her birthday seemed like a good one. 练习: 1. Scientists have obtained more evidence __________ plastic is finding its way into the human body. 2. The manager put forward a suggestion __________ we should have an assistant. 综合练习: 1. Exactly ______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but is was probably around 1565. 2. ______we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (北京，2015) 3. ______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. (北京，2013) 4. Scientists study ______ human brains work to make computers. (四川，2012) 5. We’ve offered her the job but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it. (山东，2011) 6. Along with this, Max has traveled to Africa several times to donate equipment and coach the kids, developing Angels at Bat into ______ it is today 7. The best moment for the football star is______she scored the winning goal. (2014 北京) 8. A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not ______ships are built for. (2015安徽,25) 9. My question______I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. 10. They expressed the hope______they would come over to visit China again. *注意： ①主语从句的高级形式 1.It is common knowledge that the full moon brings fair 2.It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting. 3. It is significant that we should learn more knowledge. 总结结构： ②宾语从句的高级形式 1. I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. 2. She makes it clear that she won’t go to the party. 3. We believe it true that the human body is also a kind of good conductor. 总结结构： ③同位语从句的其他形式 1.The statement by the driver of the vehicle that he did not see the lorry was rejected by the Court. 2.Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old. ④同位语从句VS 定语从句 1.We heard the news that he had told her. 2.We heard the news that he had won the game. 汉译英： (1)我获得第一名的消息很快传遍了整个学校。（2023新课标高考读后续写） _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)我听到我获得第一名的消息的时候，真的有点不敢相信这是真的。（2023新课标高考读后续写） _______________________________________________________________________________ (3)我是否会回来让他有所怀疑。（2024新课标高考读后续写） _______________________________________________________________________________ (4)我是否会付他钱让他有所怀疑。（2024新课标高考读后续写） _______________________________________________________________________________ (5)令人惊讶的是技术进步如此迅猛。(amazing；advance) _______________________________________________________________________________ (6)令我印象深刻的是他面对挑战的信心。(主语从句；impress) _______________________________________________________________________________ (7)那就是为什么很多交换生想要来中国了解中华文化的原因。(That is why…) _______________________________________________________________________________ (8)他今天早上上学迟到了, 真是令人惊讶。(it 作形式主语) _______________________________________________________________________________ (9)他所做的表明他没有丧失信心。 _______________________________________________________________________________ (10)乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。(Jordan 乔丹) _______________________________________________________________________________ 第四节 非谓语 一、非谓语的概念 在句子中不是谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词，即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立做谓语外，可以担任句子的任何成分。 二、非谓语动词的最主要的三种形式及其基本用法 （一）to do（不定式） 句子成分 例句 宾语 They decided to change their mind. 状语：表目的 Every morning he gets up very early to exercise. 练习： 1. __________(pay) for her college education, she spent two years working as a cleaner for a rich family in her neighborhood. 2. So I attempted __________ (translate) through the things they were familiar with. （二）doing（动名词和现在分词） 句子成分 例句 主语（动名词） Skating on the thin ice is dangerous. 宾语（动名词） I finished doing my homework. 表语（动名词） The nurse’s job is looking after the patients. 定语（现在分词） She is reading in the reading room. 宾补（现在分词） He kept the machine running for ten hours. 状语（现在分词） They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing 练习： 1. It was he that first set up private schools and accepted students from every walk of life without __________ (consider) their social status. 2. The park was full of people, __________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine （三）done 句子成分 例句 定语 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 状语 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet 宾补 He found his hometown greatly changed. 练习： 1. __________ (inspire) by the sparrow hawk(鹰)circling around in the sky, Lu Ban made one with bamboo and called it “bamboo sparrow”. 2. I want two tickets __________ (reserve). 三、doing和done的特殊用法：作伴随状语 （1）doing / not doing ①E.g. While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend. While walking to class, I ran into an old friend. Walking to class, I ran into an old friend. ②E.g.The cat sat on the windowsill and watched the birds outside.​​ The cat sat on the windowsill, watching the birds outside. 练习：将下列句子改写为doing的状语形式 1. When she found her test results, she was surprised. ____________________________________________________________ 2. Since she didn't have any money, she had to walk. ____________________________________________________________ 3. After he finished his work, he went out. ____________________________________________________________ 4. Though l live near her house, l have never seen him. ____________________________________________________________ 5. As I didn't know what to say, l didn't say anything. ____________________________________________________________ （2）done E.g. He was armed with a torch, he went upstairs. Armed with a torch, he went upstairs. 练习：将下列句子改写为done的状语形式 1.As he was tired of sleeping on the floor, David saved up for years to buy a real bed. ____________________________________________________________ 2. Because he was exhausted by the long journey, he collapsed onto the bed. ____________________________________________________________ 3. When she was surrounded by reporters, the celebrity smiled and waved. ____________________________________________________________ 4. As she was lost in thought, she didn’t hear the phone ring. ____________________________________________________________ 5. Because he was encouraged by his teacher’s words, the student worked even harder. ____________________________________________________________ 汉译英： 1. 互相窃窃私语着，学生们在课上传递纸条。 ____________________________________________________________ 2. 老人坐在长椅上，喂着鸽子。 ____________________________________________________________ 3. 瞥了一眼手表，她加快了脚步。 ____________________________________________________________ 4. 他道歉了，意识到自己的错误。 ____________________________________________________________ 5. 提着沉重的袋子，他们艰难地爬上楼梯。 ____________________________________________________________ 6. 埋头于文书工作的律师深深地叹了口气。 ____________________________________________________________ 7. 听到这个消息，她很震惊，把手机掉在地上。 ____________________________________________________________ 8. 工作太累了，他在沙发上睡着了。 ____________________________________________________________ 第五节 特殊句型 一、无灵主语 句型1：A sense/feeling/surge/wave/flood of+情绪名词+有灵动词（短语）+sb.（某种情感传遍全身） 描述心情的名词 happiness/joy/delight 开心 anger/rage/fury 狂怒 sadness/sorrow 悲伤 gratitude/appreciation 感激 admiration 钦佩/赞赏 guilt/remorse 愧疚悔恨 fear/terror/fright/panic 害怕 astonishment/shock/surprise 震惊 disbelief/doubt/puzzle/suspicion怀疑 frustration/dismay/depression/ disappointment失望，沮丧 有灵动词 sweep over/wash over/ creep over seize/overwhelm catch (caught过去式) strike (struck 过去式) well up in one's heart(eyes) +sb. 1.一阵强烈的恐惧传遍他的全身。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.听到这个好消息，一种喜悦和自豪感包围了我。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.我渐渐地产生了一丝疑虑。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型2：One's heart pounded/ thumped/raced with... as/when+从句(某人激动/紧张/害怕得心怦怦跳。) 1.她心怀期待,心脏怦怦直跳,等待着结果。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.在登上舞台之前,他紧张得心脏怦怦直跳。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型3：The sight/thought of sth.+ made sb.+情感形容词 The sight/thought of sth.+filled sb. with+情感名词. (看到/想到某事物让某人.……) 1.看到儿子毕业她充满了自豪。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.见到那头熊,他就紧张。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.一想到和爷爷度过的时光,我就感到十分快乐。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型4: An idea + occurred to/struck/hit sb...(某人突然想到.) 同类拓展:①An idea flashed through one's mind/crossed one's mind.(一个想法闪过某人的脑海。) ②It occurred to sb. that.../It hit sb. that...(某人突然想到…) ③It gradually dawned on me that... ; All of a sudden , I came to realize/understand that...(我逐渐/突然意识到.....) 1.在这个黑暗、绝望的时刻，他突然有了一个绝妙的主意,这使他心中充满光明。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.双胞胎突然想到一个主意: 他们可以请爸爸帮忙。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 练习汉译英： 1. 一种疯狂的快乐传遍了她全身。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 当她看到惊喜时，喜悦充满了她的心。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 随着风暴逼近，恐惧笼罩了村民们。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 听到消息时，悲伤席卷了他。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 当她看到礼物时，喜悦充满了她的心。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 二、虚拟语气 句型1：If sb done sth , sb would do sth.（与现在事实相反） If sb had done sth , sb would have done sth.（与过去事实相反） 1.如果我没有参加比赛，没有坚持要写一篇好文章，我就不会赢得金牌了！ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.如果我没有和汤姆吵过架，我就不会被困在这个可怕的地方，面临死亡的危险。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型2：without/but for +n , 主语+ would(not)/could(not) do/ without/but for +n , 主语+ would(not)/could(not) have done 要不是....某人就会（不会）..... 1. 我想向你表达我的感谢，没有你的帮助的话，我就不会取得如此快的进步。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.如果没有挫折，我们的人生就不会充满精彩的故事。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.如果没有你的教导，我就不会取得这么大的进步。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4.没有他的鼓励，我不可能获奖。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.如果没有你的耐心指导，我永远不会解决这个问题。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型3：sb. should/would/could/might have done sth. 某人本应该做/本要做/本可以做/本可能做某事（实际没做） 1. 这片湖应该是非常美丽的。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 我本可以上北大的。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 练习汉译英： 1.我不得不承认，要不是他及时的帮助，我会非常尴尬的。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.要是没有Eric当时的鼓励，我可能接下来的一天都沉浸在悲伤的情绪里。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.要不是和爸爸的那次谈话，我不会意识到妹妹的陪伴是多么重要。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 如果不是因为他的激励，我不可能走出困境。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.如果没有他的及时帮助，我肯定会错过我的航班。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 要不是他的警告，她可能就掉进陷阱了。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 要不是下雨，我们今天就去徒步了。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 如果没有你的帮助，我考试就会不及格。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 三、独立主格 句型1：With独立主格：with +n/pron+ doing/to do /done /介词短语 句型2：独立主格：n/pron+ doing/ done /介词短语 1.随着时间的推移，我的英语取得快速的进步。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.他向我们瞥了一眼，眼睛里闪烁着期待的光芒。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.天逐渐变黑,所以简在森林中迷路了。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4.“不！”他大声喊道，眼泪顺着脸颊往下流。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.双手微微颤抖着，她把我抱在怀里。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6.我走向讲台，心怦怦地跳。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7.她怒气冲冲的冲了出去,门四敞大开。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 8.当听到校长所说的话，我欣喜若狂，双眼兴奋地闪闪发光。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 9.看着我的成绩单，我爸爸满意地点了点头，脸上绽开了微笑。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 10.一见到汤姆,简就立刻拥抱住了她的丈夫,眼睛里充满了喜悦 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型3：形容词1+形容词2，主语十谓语⋯ 1.非常急切和兴奋的我走进他的房间，表达了我诚挚的谢意。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.她说不出话来，高兴极了，紧紧地抱着儿子，眼里噙满了泪水 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Hilda对此事感到沮丧，但并没有气馁，她决定暗中监视Maya。（2024• 九省新高考适应性考试） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4.既沮丧又无助，我静静地站着，泪水顺着脸颊流淌。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型4：形容词短语，主语十谓语⋯ 1.担心自己可能会失败，我什么也说不出来，只能焦急地等待结果。（2023•新高考I卷） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.我无法控制自己的愤怒，便怒气冲冲地冲出了房间。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.相信努力努力会有回报，我会专心努力学习。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4.他陷入了沉思，甚至没有注意到我经过。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.这对夫妇被这一幕吓呆了，一句话也没说。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 练习汉译英： 1. 他转过身来,眼里充满了恐惧。 _________________________________________________________________ 2. 恐惧慢慢地蔓延到她身上。 _________________________________________________________________ 3. 她热泪盈眶,表示衷心的感谢。 _________________________________________________________________ 4. 看到这只凶猛的狼，我感到非常害怕，喉咙发紧，膝盖发软。 _________________________________________________________________ 5. 听到这个坏消息，她心痛不已，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。 _________________________________________________________________ 6. 充满愤怒，Sheldon不出话。 _________________________________________________________________ 7. 简绝望而绝望地跪了下来，泪流满面。 _________________________________________________________________ 8. 我又累又饿，不知道能不能找到回去的路。 _________________________________________________________________ 四、强调句 句型1：It is/was+主语/宾语+that+其他 1.是你的努力决定你是否成功。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.是我的老师让我爱上了写作。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型2：It is/was+状语+that+其他 1.就是在那一刻，我意识到了友谊的真正含义。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.是在那一天，他才意识到他儿子需要的仅仅是陪伴。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.正是通过努力工作和决心他才实现了自己的目标。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4.就在那时，我意识到，每一个善意的小行动都能对世界产生巨大的影响 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.我度过了童年最快乐的日子是在这个小镇上。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型3：It is/was+not A but B+that+matters（ed）/counts（ed） 1.不是你说的，而是你做的重要。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.重要的不是钱，而是诚实。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 练习汉译英： 1.他最终取得成功是因为他的坚持不懈。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.很多人愿意帮助她是因为她有一颗善良的心。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.我们只有保持冷静才能找到解决这个问题的办法。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4.我们带着极大的兴奋期待着即将到来的活动。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 正是这位勇敢的消防员冒着生命危险救了那个孩子。没有他，情况将会是灾难性的。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 四、倒装句 句型1：only+adv/prep短语/状语从句+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其它 1.只有在你完成作业之后才能出去玩。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.只有努力，我们才能成功。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.只有在那时我才开始意识到学习英语的重要性。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4.只有合理地管理时间我们才能实现学习和爱好的平衡。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.只有通过相互理解、互相学习我们才能一起开心地度过那些日子。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型2：形容词/副词/名词+as+主语+谓语 1.虽然他年轻，但是他学识渊博。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2虽然他很努力，但他还是最后失败了 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.这些建议看起来微不足道，但能产生极大的影响，让我们行动起来吧！ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型3： Hardly had sb. done sth. when sb. did sth/No sooner had sb. done sth. than sb. did sth. 一......就...... 1.我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.他在街上一看到那个受伤的女孩，就毫不犹豫地下车，像箭一样冲过去帮助她。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型4：否定词（hardly，seldom, rarely, never, little）+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他 1.她从未料到一次简单的善举会永远改变一个人的生活。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.当收到这个好消息时，这家人几乎无法抑制他们的喜悦。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型5：so+adj+ be/助动词/情态动词+sb+其他 1.他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.我父亲太累了，以至于他头一碰到枕头就睡着了。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 句型6：Not only+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他，but also不倒装。 1.简不仅疲惫而饥饿不堪，而且还对自己所做的一切感到后悔。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.它不仅拓宽了我们的视野，而且也丰富了我们的生活。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 练习汉译英 1.只有当地球被严重地污染了，人们才意识到自己犯了一个不可饶恕的错误。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.只有采取这些措施我们才能有效地减少空气污染。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.从她身上,我意识到只有一个人在生活中能成功做点什么才有意义。(only if) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4.不可否认,只有我们以正确的方式处理和克服大量的困难，我们才会实现我们的梦想。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.只有当我们言行一致时，我们才能在我们希望完成的任何事情上有所作为。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6.尽管困难重重，他还是竭尽全力赶上其他人，丝毫没有放弃的意思。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7.虽然我们很累，但我们很开心我们的的努力得到了回报。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 8..尽管这次经历微不足道，但他教会了我宝贵的教训：诚信第一。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 9.她不仅按时完成了项目，而且还超出了所有人的预期。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 10.不仅学生们对这次旅行感到兴奋，老师们也对此充满期待。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$