2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册定语从句课件

Attributive clauses 定语从句 “ ” Definition 什么是定语？ 1. ① a beautiful girl a handsome boy beautiful handsome ② This is a basket full of flowers. full of flowers 定语: 修饰名词或代词的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。 定语主要有形容词，此外还有介词短语和非谓语。 常译为“……的” 在所修饰词之前的定语叫前置定语，在所修饰词之后的定语叫后置定语。 ③ They lived in the room above. above 前置定语 后置定语 Think! What if we use a clause as an attributive to describe a noun? 他 讨厌 吓人的 狗子。 He hates scary dogs. 宾 主 定 定 谓 谓 主 宾 他 讨厌 追他的 狗子。 宾 谓 定语从句 主 He hates dogs that chase him. 宾 谓 主 定语从句 4 Learning objectives In this class, you are expected to be able to: 一、什么是定语从句？ 二、关系代词who\that\whom\which\whose\as的用法； 三、关系副词when\where\why的用法； 四、限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别。 The girl who is good at singing is Rose. The girl who is good at dance is Lisa. noun noun clause clause ？ ？ relative （关系词） antecedent （先行词） attributive clause 定语从句 定语从句:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，其作用相当于形容词。(即：充当定语的从句) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词。（引导词） 定从关系词 关系代词 关系副词 指代人： who、whom、whose、that 指代物： which、whose、that as when、where、why 关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用： 1. 引导一个定语从句； 2.在从句中代替先行词； 3.在从句中担任某一句子成分。 关系代词：who、that (指人，作主语) 1. He is the man. 2.He wants to see you. 他就是想要见你的人。 合并下列句子 他就是想要见你的人。 代替the man，作主语 He is the man ____________ wants to see you. who/that 1.The nurse is kind. 2.The nurse looks after my sister. 照顾我妹妹的那个护士很友善。 合并下列句子 照顾我妹妹的那个护士很友善。 代替the nurse，作主语 The nurse ____________ looks after my sister is kind. who/that 关系代词： who、that、whom (指人，作宾语) 1.Do you know the man? 2.We saw him just now. 你认识那个我们刚才看见的那个人吗？ 合并下列句子 你认识那个我们刚才看见的那个人吗？ 代替the man，作宾语 Do you know the man __________________ we saw just now? (who/that/whom) 1. The girl is from America. 2.I called her this morning. 我今天早上打电话的那个女孩来自美国。 合并下列句子 我今天早上打电话的那个女孩来自美国。 代替the girl，作宾语 The girl __________________ I called this morning is from America. (who/that/whom) 关系代词： which、that (指物，作主/宾语) 1.The workers planted the trees. 2.They didn't need much water. 工人们种了不需要很多水的树。 合并下列句子 工人们种了不需要很多水的树。 代替the trees，作主语 The workers planted the trees __________ didn't need much water. which/that 1.The fish were not fresh. 2.We bought them yesterday. 我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜 合并下列句子 我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。 代替the fish，作宾语 The fish ____________ we bought were not fresh. (which/that) 关系代词：whose (指人/物，作定语) 1.The rich lady often helps the little boy. 2.His parents died in an earthquake. 合并下列句子 那位有钱的女人经常帮助那个在一次地震中父母去世的男孩。 那位有钱的女人经常帮助那个在一次地震中父母去世的男孩。 The rich lady often helps the little boy ______ parents died in an earthquake. The rich lady often helps the little boy ______ parents died in an earthquake. his=the little boy's 当关系词在从句中做定语时，用whose，即 “whose+名词”。 whose 注意：此时先行词即可以是“人”，也可以是“物”。 1. The novel belongs to me. 2.Its cover was broken. 封面坏了的那本小说是我的。 合并下列句子 封面坏了的那本小说是我的。 代替novel，作定语 The novel ____________ cover was broken belongs to me. whose ①、This is Tom, ____________father is a policeman. =This is Tom, the father_______________ is a policeman. =This is Tom, __________________the father is a policeman. whose可修饰人，也可以修饰物。 可用… of whom或者…of which来替换 whose of whom of whom ②、I don't like the car ___________ color is red. =I don't like the car _____________ the color is red. =I don't like the car the color ______________ is red. whose of which of which summary 先行词 关系代词 从句中的成分 人 who 主、宾 whom 宾 物 which 主、宾 人、物 that 主、宾 whose 定 “ ” 通常只能使用 that或which的场合 宜用that的情况： 1. 先行词为不定代词指“物”时，all, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing, 等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。 你还有想要为自己说的任何话吗？ Do you have anything (that) you want to say? 你应该把你所有你拥有的东西交上来。 You should hand in all (that) you have. 宜用that的情况： 2. 先行词被 the only, the very, just, the same, the last等限定词 修饰时。 这正是我在等的人。 This is the very person (that) I am waiting for. 唯一能让我高兴的东西就是钱。 The only thing that can make me happy is money. 宜用that的情况： 3. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。 这是我听过最有趣的故事。 This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard. 我永远不会忘记老师给我们上的第一节课。 I will never forget the first lesson (that) our teacher gave us. 宜用that的情况： 4. 先行词既有人又有物时。 他们刚刚谈论了他们看见的那个男人和事。 They just talked about the man and the thing (that) they saw. 5. 当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句。 在那边读书的那个人是谁。 Who is the man that is reading over there? 宜用that的情况： 6. 当主句是以here, there开头时。 这就是你一直在找的旅馆。 Here is the hotel that you have been looking for. 在角上还有一个没有被占的位子。 There is a seat in the corner that is still not occupied. 宜用that的情况： 1. 先行词为不定代词指“物”时，all, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing, 等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。 2. 先行词被 the only, the very, just, the same, the last等限定词 修饰时。 3. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。 4. 先行词既有人又有物时。 5. 当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句。 6. 当主句是以here, there开头时。 小结 宜用which的情况： 1.引导非限制性定语从句时。 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played in many countries. 足球是很有趣的运动项目，很多国家都有这项运动。 2.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。 I’ m looking for a container in which I can put these coins. 我想去找一个能盛下所有这些硬币的容器。 关系代词 as的用法 一、as 引导限制性定语从句 当先行词前有such, so, the same修饰，同时定语从句缺少主语或宾语时，应使用关系代词as， 例如： We have found such materials as are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。 He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift. 他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。 　　要注意such/ so…as …引导的定语从句与such/ so…that 引导的状语从句的区别。例如： He is such a clever boy ______ everyone likes. He is such a clever boy ______ everyone likes him 【总结】 可以根据从句是否缺少成分来判断是选择as还是that。 that as 典题直击 The book is written in_____easy English______ beginners can understand. A.so; that B. such; that C.so; as D.such; as D 1. such +a(n)+adj+单数可数名词+从句 2. such +adj+单数可数名词复数+从句 3. such +adj+不可数名词+从句 1. so +adj\adv+从句 2. so +adj+a(n)+单数可数名词+从句 二、as引导非限制性定语从句 　　 当as引导非限定从时，先行词为整个句子，同时在从句中担当主语或宾语的成分，可以翻译成“正如”，例如： 　　 As is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China. 先行词 He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 先行词 1. as引导非限定从与which的区别。 1）As we know, he is an honest person. 　 = He is an honest person, as we know. = He, as we know, is an honest person. 　　　 2)He passed the test, which made his parents happy. 3)He failed the exam, which was unexpected. 1.位置上的不同：当先行词为一句话，as引导的非限定从可以放在主句后，主句前，或者把主句拆分，放在中间；而which引导的非限定从只能放在主句后。 　　　 2.含义上的不同: as 翻译成“正如”，而which 翻译成“这件事，这一点”。 3.当从句部分为否定句或者表示否定时只能用which。 4.as常用在as is often the case, as often happens, as has been pointed out, as is mentioned above, as we all know, as is known to all等结构中。 总 结 　　　 summary 定语从句 定义 结构 定语从句 关系词 修饰名词或代词的句子 先行词 关系词 被修饰的名词或代词 引导定语从句的关联词 关系代词 关系副词 who whom that which whose as when where why eg. He hates dogs that chase him. 定语从句的引导词 关系代词 关系副词 指人 指物 who (主语, 宾语) whom (宾语) that (主语, 宾语) whose (定语) as (主语, 宾语, 表语) which (主语, 宾语) that (主语, 宾语) whose (定语) as (主语, 宾语, 表语) where (地点状语) when ( 时间状语) why (原因状语) summary 1. Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below. What function do the restrictive relative clauses have? • The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget. • The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted. • The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the county. • Mr. Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise. • A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador. Exercise 1. Here are some of the people _______ homes were destroyed by the typhoon. 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people ________ were asleep. 3. The next day, eople put up shelters in the open air using anything ____they could find. whose who that 2. Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or /. Then translate the sentences into Chinese. 41 4. Several days later, most of the buildings_______ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired. 5. The injured boy _______mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. 6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by ________ she was rescued. 7. Is this the young boy ________saved several other students trapped under buildings? which whose who whom 关系副词：when (作时间状语) when的用法 ① When 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，可用“介词+ which” 来替换。 I’ll never forget the day on which / (when) I joined the team . I’ll never forget the day. I joined the team on that day. when作时间状语 ★不能看到时间就用when，要看从句缺什么成分。 I’ll never forget the day ______ I lived in the mountains. I’ll never forget the day _______________ I spent in the mountains. when that/which/省略 when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词 并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于介词 （in/on/at/during)+which I will never forget the day ________________ I first met you on the seashore. on which / (when) 易混点辨析 when引导的定语从句和时间状语从句区别 关系词 定语从句 时间状语从句 when When引导定语从句时，表示时间的名词在从句中作主语或者宾语。 Winter is the year when the day is short while the night is long. 冬天是白天短而夜晚长的一年。 When引导状语从句时为从属连词。When前面没有表示时间的名词。此时，when不能用“介词+which”代替。When引导的时间状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。 I want to be a teacher when I grow up. 关系副词：where (作地点状语) where的用法 ② Where 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，可用“介词+ which” 来替换。 The school where / (in which) my son studies is near a park. The school is near a park. My son studies in this school. where作地点状语 ★不能看到地点就用where,看从句缺什么成分 This is the house _______ he was born. This is the house _____________ was set up by his parents. where that/which 易错点辨析 当先行词表示具体地点的名词（如place, room, mountain, airport等）或表示抽象地点的名词（case, state, condition, point, situation等），且关系词在从句中作地点状语，定语从句用where引导。 He gets into a situation_________________ it is hard to tell what is right or wrong. where/in which 关系副词：why (作原因状语) why的用法 ③Why 引导定语从句时，先行词通常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，可用“for+ which” 来替换。 Do you know the reason / (for which) why he is so upset? Do you know the reason. He is so upset. why作原因状语 ★不能看到reason, 就用why.看从句缺什么成分 This is the reason _____ he was late. This is the reason ____________he told us for his being late. why that/which 关系副词 相当于 被代替的先行词 在从句中作成分 where when why in,at,on等介词+which 表示地点的名词 in,at,on,during等介词+which 地点状语 表示时间的名词 时间状语 for+which reason 原因状语 小 结 如何选择关系代词VS关系副词? ① 从句缺少主、宾、定 关系代词 关系副词 ② 从句缺状语 Exercises 1. Do you still remember the first day _____________ you went to high school? 2. I paid a visit to Fudan University _______________ my father studied thirty years ago. 3. Do you know the real reason ____________ Anne didn't go to the get-together? 4. Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine for _______ you asked. when/on which where/ in which why/for which which “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。 如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”； 如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”； 关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。 如果指“物”，用“介词＋which” The pen is missing now. I wrote with the pen. The pen which I wrote with is missing now. The pen with which I wrote is missing now. 合并 如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom” Xiao Li is my good friend. I wrote a letter to him. Xiao Li is my good friend whom I wrote a letter to . Xiao Li is my good friend to whom I wrote a letter. 合并 He is the man in whom you can believe. 1. 看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配。 He gave me some books with which I am not very familiar. 2. 看介词与先行词搭配。 This is our classroom in which there is a teacher’s desk. The farm on which my father works is far from the town. 3. 根据句意而定。 The soldier, without whom I wouldn't have suvived the earthquake, retired last week. 如何判断介词 限制性定语从句和 非限制性定语从句 1.The man who greeted me is my teacher. 2.John, who greeted me, is my teacher. 指出下面两个句子哪个是限制性定语从句哪个是非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号“ ，”与主句隔开 用逗号“ ，”与主句隔开 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 关系词的使用上 1. 作宾语时可省略 1. 不可省略 2. 可用that 2. 不用that 1.引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。 He is late for school every day, which makes her teacher angry. Water is very important, without which we can't live. 2.除which 外，还可用when, where, who, whom等关系副词或代词引导非限制性定语从句。 After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during the World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany. 3.非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。 ①. I like the book, that was bought yesterday. ②. I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. which 4.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导要用for which代替why。 ①. I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. ②. I had told them the reason why I didn't attend the meeting. 综合练习 1、Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 2、Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. that C. of which D. which B A 一从句，二成分，三先行词 综合练习 Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les. They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. which who 一从句，二成分，三先行词 一从句，二成分，三先行词 （2021年天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom A （2021年天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. A．where B．which C．that D．when A Thank you $$