Unit 3 课时3 Understanding ideas（Grammar）（分层作业）英语外研版八年级上册

Unit 3 Make it happen! 课时3 Understanding ideas(Grammar) 分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 05思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 动词不定式和动名词作宾语 动词不定式作宾语 （ 1 ）接不定式作宾语的动词（ “ 动词 +to do” 结构）常见的有： learn 学会 plan 计划 decide 决定 try 尽力 choose 选择 agree 同意 refuse 拒绝 pretend 假装 offer 主动 would like / want 想要 expect 期望 hope / wish 希望 promise 承诺 afford 负担得起 prefer 喜欢 help 帮助 (help to do / help do) like 喜欢 (like to do / doing) continue 继续 (continue to do / doing) begin / start 开始 (begin / start to do / doing) 如： I would like to have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。 （ 2 ）动词不定式作宾语， 置句末 ，前面用 it 指代不定式， it 是形式宾语。 如： We found it difficult to understand what you said. 我们发现很难理解你所说的话。 （ 3 ）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（ who ， what ， which 等）作宾语（即 “ 动词 + 疑问词 +to do” 结构）， 常见的有： show 表明、指示； know 知道； tell 告诉； teach 教； learn 学习； decide 决定。 如： Larry didn’t know how to tell her the bad news. 拉里不知道如何告诉她这个坏消息。 动名词作宾语 （ 1 ） 作动词的宾语 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语， 不能用不定式。常见的此类动词 ( 词组 ) 有： advise, allow, permit, avoid, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, practice, give up, suggest, consider, keep on, can't help( 情不自禁 ) 等。 如： I have already finished reading this book. 我已经读完这本书了。 ) ( ② （ 2 ） 作介词的宾语 介词后如果接动词作宾语， 常要用动名词形式。如： think about, worry about, be/get used to, look forward to, pay attention to 等。 如： We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制订新的计划。 We're looking forward to receiving your letter. 我们盼望收到你的来信。 其他带有动名词的常见结构： be busy doing sth . 忙于做某事 spend time/money doing sth . 花时间 / 钱做某事　 have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun doing sth . 做某事有困难 / 乐趣 be worth doing sth 值得做某事 既可以接不定式又可以接动名词的动词 1. 有的动词后面既可接动词不定式， 也可接动名词作宾语， 意义不变。如： begin, start, hate, like, love 等。 2. 有些动词后接不定式或动名词时， 意义差别较大。如： forget to do sth . 忘记要做某事 ( 事还没做 ) forget doing sth . 忘记做过某事 ( 事已做 ) remember to do sth . 记得要做某事 ( 事还没做 ) remember doing sth . 记得做过某事 ( 事已做 ) stop to do sth . 停下来去做某事 ( 去做另一件事 ) 　　　 stop doing sth . 停止做某事 ( 不做了 ) try to do sth . 努力做某事 try doing sth . 尝试做某事 go on to do sth . 继续去做某事 ( 继续做不同的事 ) 　 go on doing sth . 继续不停地做某事 ( 同一动作的继续 ) 如： Don't forget to close the windows before you leave. 你离开前别忘记关窗户。 Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? 你忘了在北京机场已经见过她了吗？ ) 一、单项选择 1．—You should stop ________ a rest after reading for a long time. —But I can’t wait ________ the ending of the story. A．having; to know B．to have; to know C．having; knowing D．to have; knowing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——长时间阅读后，你应该停下来休息一下。——但我迫不及待地想知道故事的结局。 考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事情；stop doing sth停止正在做的事；can’t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事。第一空指停下来去休息，用to have，第二空是迫不及待想知道结局，用to know。故选B。 2．—I have a sore throat. Should I go to the doctor? —Well, I think you just need ________ some hot tea with honey. A．drank B．to drink C．to drinking D．drinking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我喉咙痛。我应该去看医生吗？——嗯，我觉得你只需要喝些加蜂蜜的热茶。 考查非谓语。need to do sth表示“需要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选B。 3．The Internet makes ________ possible for everyone ________ education anywhere and anytime. A．it; get B．it; getting C．that; to get D．it; to get 【答案】D 【详解】句意：互联网使每个人在任何时间任何地点获得教育成为可能。 考查it的固定句型。此处是结构make it possible for sb. to do sth.“使做某事对某人来说是可能的”，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。故选D。 4．Although Jim failed ________ the early bus, he managed ________ on time. A．catching; arriving B．to catch; to arrive C．catching; to arrive D．to catch; arriving 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虽然吉姆没能赶上早班车，但他还是设法准时到了。 考查非谓语动词。catch搭乘，赶上，动词；arrive“到达，抵达”，动词；第一空，fail to do sth.“未能做成某事”，固定搭配，需用动词不定式to catch，排除A和C；第二空，manage to do sth.“设法做成某事”，固定搭配，需用动词不定式to arrive，排除D。故选B。 5．The Smiths decided ________ a house near the sea. A．to buy B．bought C．buying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：史密斯一家决定在海边买一套房子。 考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，故选A。 6．—The bike looks very beautiful but I can’t afford ________ one. — What a pity! A．buy B．to buy C．buying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这辆自行车看起来很漂亮，但我买不起一辆。——真可惜！ 考查非谓语动词。afford后接动词不定式作宾语，afford to do sth意为“负担得起做某事”。此处需要填入动词不定式形式，故选B。 7．—Do you plan ________ any lanterns in the house during the Spring Festival? —Yes, I do. A．to hang B．hanging C．hang 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你计划在春节期间在家里挂灯笼吗？——是的，我计划挂。 考查to do不定式作宾语。to hang悬挂，to do不定式；hanging悬挂，动名词；hang悬挂，动词原形。根据“plan...any lanterns”可知，为plan to do，意为“计划做某事”，to do作宾语。故选A。 8．—Would you like ________ shopping with me? —Well, I feel like ________ a walk in the park. A．to go; taking B．going; to take C．going; taking D．to go; to take 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你愿意和我一起去购物吗？——嗯，我想去公园散步。 考查非谓语动词。第一空： would like to do sth“想要做某事”，因此第一空填“to go”。第二空：feel like doing sth“想要做某事”，因此第二空填“taking”。故选A。 9．Last night, a strange man offered ________ me home, but I refused. A．drive B．driving C．to drive 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨晚，一个陌生男人提出开车送我回家，但我拒绝了。 考查动词短语。offer to do sth表示“主动提出做某事”，固定短语。故选C。 10．Remember ________ the TV. We are going to leave now. A．turning off B．turn off C．to turn off D．turned off 【答案】C 【详解】句意：记得关掉电视。我们现在要走了。 考查非谓语动词。根据“We are going to leave now.”可知，此处指动作尚未发生，需要提醒，remember to do sth.“记得去做某事”，是固定搭配。故选C。 11．Alice always writes down her mistakes in her notebook, and she hopes not ________ the same mistake again. A．make B．to make C．making D．makes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：爱丽丝总是把她的错误写在笔记本上，她希望不要再犯同样的错误。 考查非谓语动词。根据“she hopes not”可知，hope (not) to do sth.意为“希望(不)做某事”，其中“to do”为不定式作宾语。故选B。 12．I prefer up early so that I can have enough time to read English. A．get B．to get C．getting D．gets 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我更喜欢早起，这样我就能有足够的时间读英语。 考查非谓语动词。prefer to do sth.是固定短语，意为“更喜欢做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式to get。故选B。 13．—Your cousin Mike refuses ________ pork for dinner. —Oh, yes. But I don’t mind ________ any food. A．to have; eating B．having; to eat C．to have; to eat D．having; eating 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的表弟迈克拒绝晚餐吃猪肉。——哦，是的。但是我不介意吃任何食物。 考查非谓语动词。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”，为固定搭配，第一空应选to have；mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，为固定搭配，第二空应选eating。故选A。 14．Don’t forget ________ some warm clothes when you take a trip to Harbin in winter. A．take B．to take C．taking D．takes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：冬天去哈尔滨旅行时，别忘了带些暖和的衣服。 考查非谓语动词。take是动词原形；to take是动词不定式；taking是动名词/现在分词；takes是动词第三人称单数形式。“forget to do sth.”表示“忘记去做某事”，此处指提醒对方不要忘记去做带衣服这件事，应用动词不定式，故选B。 15．When somebody is in trouble, we shouldn’t refuse ________ a helping hand. A．give B．to give C．giving D．gave 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当别人遇到困难时，我们不应该拒绝伸出援助之手。 考查固定搭配。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”为固定结构。故选B。 16．—Tom, can you tell me ________ an e-mail to you? —Of course. It’s easy. A．how can I send B．how I could send C．how to send D．what to send 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你能告诉我怎样给你发送一份电子邮件吗? ——当然了，很简单。 考查宾语从句的简化。题干中，tell me后需要接宾语补足语，宾语从句的语序需用陈述语序，选项A不对，可排除；主句时态是一般现在时，从句时态无需用过去时，选项B可排除；根据“ It’s easy.”可知很容易，因此是询问怎样发邮件，应用how引导的宾语从句，可简化为“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构。故选C。 17．I wasn’t sure what ________ for my school project, so I asked my dad what I should do. A．write B．writing C．wrote D．to write 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我不确定我的学校作业该写些什么，所以我问我爸爸我该写什么。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I wasn’t sure”可知，what引导宾语从句，此时可用“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构，故此处应用动词不定式to write。故选D。 18．We have problems ________ speaking English. A．practiced B．practicing C．to practice D．practice 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们练习说英语有困难。 考查动名词作宾语。have problems (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，固定搭配。故选B。 19．The film is worth _________. I want to see it for the second time. A．see B．seeing C．sees 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部电影值得一看。我想再看一次。 考查非谓语动词。be worth doing“值得做某事”是固定搭配，空处应是seeing。故选B。 20．—It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment of the park. —Yes. We should stop people from ________ litter everywhere. A．collecting B．throw C．throwing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——保护公园的环境是每个人的责任。——是的。我们应该阻止人们到处扔垃圾。 考查动词辨析。collecting收集，动名词；throw扔；throwing扔，动名词。根据“protect the environment of the park”和“We should stop people from ... litter everywhere.”可知，此处应指阻止人们到处扔垃圾，stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，此处要用throw的动名词形式。故选C。 21．—Why are you so quiet? —Because I’m considering ________ a new car. A．buy B．bought C．buying D．to buy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你为什么这么安静？  ——因为我正在考虑买一辆新车。 考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”，固定搭配，因此这里需用动名词buying。故选C。 22．Last Sunday, we had fun ________ football in the open air. A．play B．played C．to play D．playing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：上星期天我们在外面踢足球玩得很开心。 考查非谓语动词。play玩，原形；played玩，过去式；to play玩，加了动词不定式；playing玩，动名词形式。根据“we had fun ... football”可知，固定搭配：have fun (in) doing sth“做某事很开心”，动名词作宾语。故选D。 23．Jack will finish ________ the report next week. A．write B．writing C．to write D．written 【答案】B 【详解】句意：杰克下周将写完报告。 考查非谓语动词。finish doing sth“完成某事”，动名词作宾语。故选B。 24．It is natural to forget new words! I suggest ________ four or five words a day on pieces of paper and ________ them in your room. A．to write; to make B．writing; placing C．to write; to place D．writing; making 【答案】B 【详解】句意：忘记新单词是自然的！我建议每天在纸条上写四、五个单词，然后把它们放在你的房间里。 考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。write写；place放置；make制作；suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，因此第一空用writing；结合句意，把写了单词的纸条放进房间里，因此第二空用placing，故选B。 25．How about ________ to music? A．to listen B．listening C．listen 【答案】B 【详解】句意：听听音乐怎么样？ 考查动名词作宾语。How about doing sth“做某事怎么样”，故选B。 26．In the football match, they started ______ the ball better in the second half. A．pass B．to passing C．passing D．passed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在足球比赛中，他们下半场开始更好地传球。 考查非谓语动词。start doing sth.“开始做某事”，空处填动名词形式的passing。故选C。 27．You should ask your parents’ permission before ________ out. A．go B．to go C．going D．to going 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你出去之前应该征得父母的同意。 考查非谓语动词。before是介词，后跟名词或动名词结构，此处的“go”是动词，所以用“going”。故选C。 28．—Would you mind ________ the classroom? I have something important to do after school. —Of course not. You don’t need to worry. I will do it well. A．clean B．cleaning C．cleans D．to clean 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你介意打扫一下教室吗？放学后我有重要的事情要做。——当然不。你不用担心。我会做好的。 考查非谓语动词。根据“mind”可知，考查mind doing sth“介意做某事”，因此填动名词。故选B。 29．—Your advice makes it possible for me to learn geography well, Tina. —That’s good. When you have difficulty ________ anything, you can ask me for help. A．do B．doing C．to do 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——蒂娜，你的建议让我能够学好地理。——那很好。当你做任何事遇到困难时，都可以向我求助。 考查非谓语。have difficulty doing“做某事有困难”，是固定搭配。故选B。 30．I have some trouble ________ English now, but I believe I can learn it well with the help of my teacher. A．learn B．to learning C．learning D．to learn 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我现在在学习英语方面有些困难，但我相信在老师的帮助下我能学好它。    考查非谓语动词。根据“I have some trouble…English now”可推知，此处考查固定搭配“have trouble (in) doing sth”，表示“做某事有困难”。故选C。 31．Now people like to read on the mobile phones instead of ________ paper books. A．read B．reading C．to read D．on reading 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在人们喜欢在手机上阅读，而不是读纸质书。 考查非谓语动词。instead of代替，而不是，其后加动名词作宾语，故选B。 32．While I was reading the book I couldn’t help ______ at those humorous sentences. A．laughing B．to laugh C．laughs D．laughed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我读这本书的时候，那些幽默的句子让我忍不住笑了起来。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I couldn’t help …”可知，couldn’t help doing sth.表示“忍不住做某事”。故选A。 33．Mike used to stay out late, but now he is used to ________ home early every day. A．returning B．return C．returned 【答案】A 【详解】句意：迈克过去常常在外面待到很晚，但现在他习惯了每天早点回家。 考查非谓语动词。be used to doing sth“习惯于做某事”，其中“to”是介词，后接动词的-ing形式。故选A。 34．The students are busy ________ the stage for the school play. A．set up B．setting up C．to set up D．set 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生们正忙着为学校戏剧搭建舞台。 考查动词短语。set up建立；setting up设立(动名词形式)；to set up去设立(动词不定式)；set放，置。此处要表达学生们正忙着搭建舞台，应使用“be busy doing sth”，意为“忙于做某事”，所以这里要用“set up（搭建；设立）”的动名词形式“setting up”。故选B。 35．We can reuse water for ________ plants. A．watering B．water C．waters D．watered 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们可以重复利用水来浇灌植物。 考查动名词作宾语。根据空格前“for”是介词可知，此处应该填入动名词watering，作宾语，故选A。 一、用所给词的正确形式填空 1．We should learn (respect) each other’s differences. 【答案】to respect 【详解】句意：我们应该学会尊重彼此的差异。learn to do sth.“学会做某事”，是固定搭配，应填to respect。故填to respect。 2．Boys and girls, let’s start (clean) up the classroom! 【答案】cleaning/to clean 【详解】句意：孩子们，让我们开始打扫教室吧！固定搭配start doing/to do sth表示“开始做某事”，故填cleaning/to clean。 3．After a short break, he continued (do) his homework. 【答案】doing/to do 【详解】句意：短暂休息后，他继续做作业。固定搭配continue doing/to do sth表示“继续做某事”。故填doing/to do。 4．Many museums are great. If you have time, you can choose (visit) them. 【答案】to visit 【详解】句意：许多博物馆很棒。如果你有时间，你可以选择去参观它们。choose to do sth“选择做某事”，空处填动词不定式。visit“参观”，动词，不定式为to visit。故填to visit。 5．He agreed (help) his grandma with the housework every day. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：他同意每天帮他的奶奶做家务。agree to do sth“同意做某事”，空处填动词不定式。help“帮助”，不定式为to help。故填to help。 6．The students from our school all hope (win) the basketball match against Yucai Middle School. 【答案】to win 【详解】句意：我们学校的学生都希望赢得和育才中学的篮球赛。hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，固定搭配，因此这里需用动词不定式to win。故填to win。 7．We can’t afford (make) any mistakes because it is an important task. 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：我们承担不起犯任何错误，因为这是一项重要的任务。afford to do sth.表示“承担得起做某事”，固定词组。故填to make。 8．Don’t hurry (make) a decision! 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：不要急着做决定！“hurry to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“匆忙做某事，急着做某事”，所以这里要用动词make的不定式形式to make。故填to make。 9．We can learn how (care) for animals. 【答案】to care 【详解】句意：我们可以学习如何照顾动物。how to do如何做，是“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。故填to care。 10．But if you look inside yourself, you can light your path and find out where (go). 【答案】to go 【详解】句意：但如果你看看自己的内心，你可以照亮你的道路，找到去哪里的路。根据“where”可知，此处应用“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构“where to go”表示“去哪里”。故填to go。 11．Keep on (practise) and your English will be better. 【答案】practising 【详解】句意：坚持练习，你的英语会更好。keep on doing是固定搭配，表示“持续做某事”。故填practising。 12．Can you imagine (dance) in the middle of your room? 【答案】dancing 【详解】句意：你能想象在你的房间中间跳舞吗？根据题干，可知考查短语imagine doing sth.“想象做某事”；dance“跳舞”，doing形式是dancing。故填dancing。 13．Many students are afraid of (speak) in front of people. 【答案】speaking 【详解】句意：许多学生害怕在人们面前讲话。be afraid of doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“害怕做某事”；speak的动名词形式是speaking。故填speaking。 14．I often practise (play) the piano after dinner. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：我经常在晚饭后练习弹钢琴。practise doing sth.“练习做某事”，固定搭配，因此这里应用动词play“演奏”的动名词形式playing。故填playing。 15．If you want to keep healthy, please give up (smoke). 【答案】smoking 【详解】句意：如果你想要保持健康，请戒烟。give up doing sth.“放弃做某事”，固定搭配。smoke的动名词形式为smoking。故填smoking。 16．When I’m tired, I enjoy (read) on the sofa for a rest. 【答案】reading 【详解】句意：当我累的时候，我喜欢在沙发上看书休息。enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，固定搭配，因此这里需用动词read“阅读”的动名词形式reading。故填reading。 17．John has made progress by (work) hard. 【答案】working 【详解】句意：约翰通过努力工作取得了进步。介词by后跟动名词作宾语，work的动名词是working。故填working。 18．A helmet can protect us from (hurt) when we are riding a bike. 【答案】being hurt 【详解】句意：头盔可以在我们骑自行车时保护我们免受伤害。根据“A helmet can protect us from...(hurt) when we are riding a bike.”可知，在骑行的时候，头盔可以保护我们不被伤害到，be hurt“被伤害”，protect sb. from“保护某人免受……伤害”，此时from是介词，后接名词或动名词，be的动名词形式是being。故填being hurt。 19．She came into the office with a poker face without (greet) anybody. 【答案】greeting 【详解】句意：她面无表情地走进办公室，没有和任何人打招呼。without为介词，后加动名词作宾语，greet的动名词为greeting。故填greeting。 20．To stay healthy, you’d better avoid (eat) too much junk food. 【答案】eating 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，你最好避免吃太多垃圾食品。avoid doing sth“避免做某事”，可知填动名词。故填eating。 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在每小题的三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并将答案写在答题卡上对应题目的位置上。 WeChat (微信) is becoming 1 with people in China. No matter where we are, we can send words or voice messages to 2 friends. We can also find strangers to talk to by shaking the phones. 3 funny function (功能) is that WeChat can help search for people nearby. Many people like this function 4 it can help them make more friends. In my opinion, WeChat is really a useful tool. It 5 help us talk and share ideas with our friends easily. However, it is also bad for people, especially students. As we know, some people use WeChat 6 a long time. It is not healthy for them. So I have some 7 to use it in a correct way. 8 , we should not use it when we are studying. We can’t focus (集中) on our study if we use it. Second, we must be careful. We should not show too much personal information (个人信息) to strangers. In a word, we should learn how 9 it properly (合适地). If we 10 it too much, we’ll waste a lot of time. Remember, WeChat is not everything in our life. 1．A．popular B．more popular C．much popular 2．A．we B．us C．our 3．A．Others B．The other C．Another 4．A．because B．if C．so 5．A．must B．should C．can 6．A．on B．for C．in 7．A．advice B．advices C．advice’s 8．A．One B．The first C．First 9．A．used B．use C．to use 10．A．depend on B．depended on C．will depend on 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了微信的利与害，然后提出几点建议如何合理的使用微信。 1．句意：微信在中国变得受欢迎。 popular受欢迎的；more popular更受欢迎的；much popular错误表达。根据“WeChat (微信) is becoming”可知，微信正变得受欢迎，此处没比较。故选A。 2．句意：无论我们在哪里，我们都可以发送文字或语音信息给我们的朋友。 we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词。根据“friends”可知，此处填形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故选C。 3．句意：另一个有趣的功能是微信可以帮助搜索附近的人。 Others其他人，泛指；The other其他的，特指；Another另一，再一。根据前文“No matter where we are, we can send words...find strangers to talk to by shaking the phones.”可知，除了前文这些功能另外有趣的一项功能是微信能够帮助寻找附近的人们，因此填Another用于三者或三者以上的另外一个。故选C。 4．句意：许多人喜欢这个功能，因为它可以帮助他们结交更多的朋友。 because因为；if如果；so因此。根据“it can help them make more friends”可知，这是人们喜欢的原因，because引导原因状语从句。故选A。 5．句意：它可以帮助我们轻松地与朋友交谈和分享想法。 must必须；should应该；can可以。根据“help us talk and share ideas with our friends easily”可知，此处表示“能力”，用can。故选C。 6．句意：正如我们所知，有些人长时间使用微信。 on不能接时间段；for+时间段表示动作持续了一段时间；in+时间段表将来。根据后面短语“a long time”可知，此处表示“持续一段时间”，用介词for引导。故选B。 7．句意：所以我有一些以正确方式使用它的建议。 advice建议；advices错误表达；advice’s建议的。根据“some”可知，此处填名词复数或不可数名词，advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故选A。 8．句意：首先，我们不应该在学习的时候使用它。 One一；The first第一；First首先。根据后面“Second”可知，此处用副词First。故选C。 9．句意：总之，我们应该学会如何正确地使用它。 used使用，过去式；use使用，动词原形；to use使用，不定式。根据“we should learn how”可知，考查“疑问词+不定式”，故选C。 10．句意：如果我们太依赖它，我们会浪费很多时间。 depend on依靠，一般现在时；depended on依靠，一般过去时；will depended on依靠，一般将来时。该句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时。故选A。 二、完形填空 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Li Ming is a student from a small town in Yunnan Province. He dreamed to become a(n) 1 one day. However, life was quite 2 for him. His family was not rich, and his parents worked very hard to make a living. But Li Ming never gave up. He often said, “If I work hard enough, I will make my dream come 3 .” At school, Li Ming was one of the best students. He listened carefully in class and spent much time in the school 4 , reading books about science and technology. When he was thirteen, he built a small robot using old parts. It could help with simple chores like picking up objects. His teacher encouraged him to join a city science 5 , and he won the first prize! From then on, more people began to 6 him. A reporter wrote a story about him in a newspaper. Though famous, he kept studying hard. “Nothing is 7 if you try your best,” he said. “Even if we 8 sometimes, we can learn from mistakes and keep going.” Now, Li Ming is working on a smart rubbish bin that can sort (分类) waste. He hopes it will help protect the 9 . His story shows that hard work can 10 anything, no matter how difficult life may seem. 1．A．teacher B．scientist C．artist D．doctor 2．A．simple B．successful C．comfortable D．difficult 3．A．true B．far C．easy D．fast 4．A．lab B．library C．playground D．hall 5．A．competition B．party C．meeting D．concert 6．A．talk about B．worry about C．look for D．take after 7．A．meaningful B．believable C．impossible D．important 8．A．win B．fail C．succeed D．stop 9．A．country B．school C．environment D．family 10．A．get B．finish C．try D．achieve 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了李明来自云南小镇，梦想成为科学家，生活虽艰难但他不放弃，最终通过努力在科学竞赛中获奖，并致力于环保创新的故事。 1．句意：他一直梦想着有一天能成为一名科学家。 teacher教师；scientist科学家；artist艺术家；doctor医生。根据下文“…reading books about science and technology…he built a small robot using old parts”及语境可知，李明喜欢阅读有关科学和技术的书籍，并用旧零件造了一个小机器人，可推测李明从小的兴趣爱好应与科学创造发明有关，则他的梦想应是成为一名“科学家”。故选B。 2．句意：然而，他的生活却相当艰难。 simple简单的；successful成功的；comfortable舒适的；difficult困难的。根据转折句“However…His family was not rich, and his parents worked very hard to make a living.”可知，李明家并不富裕，他的父母非常努力地工作以维持生计，他的生活应是很“困难”。故选D。 3．句意：他常说：“如果我足够努力，我就能实现我的梦想。” true真实的；far远的；easy简单的；fast快的。根据“But Li Ming never gave up”及语境可知，李明并未因此而放弃，他希望他的梦想能够“实现”，“come true”表示“实现”。故选A。 4．句意：他在课堂上认真听讲，并且在学校的图书馆里花费大量时间阅读有关科学和技术的书籍。 lab实验室；library图书馆；playground操场；hall大厅，礼堂。根据“…reading books about science and technology…he built a small robot using old parts”可知，李明喜欢阅读有关科学和技术的书籍，他应是花大量时间在“图书馆”里。故选B。 5．句意：他的老师鼓励他参加一场城市科学竞赛，结果他获得了第一名！ competition竞赛；party聚会，派对；meeting会议；concert演唱会。根据“…and he won the first prize”及常识可知，李明应是去参加了一场科学“竞赛”获得了第一名。故选A。 6．句意：从那以后，越来越多的人开始谈论起他。 talk about谈论；worry about担心；look for寻找；take after与(某人)相像。根据“A reporter wrote a story about him in a newspaper.”及语境可知，李明竞赛获奖后应是很多人开始“谈论”他。故选A。 7．句意：“只要你全力以赴，就没有办不成的事。”他说道。 meaningful有意义的；believable可信的；impossible不可能的；important重要的。根据上文描述李明坚持不懈学习最终获奖及语境可知，此处应指李明在鼓励大家只要努力“没有什么不可能”，“Nothing is impossible”表示“一切皆有可能”。故选C。 8．句意：“即便有时我们会遭遇失败，我们也能从错误中吸取教训，并继续前行。” win赢得；fail失败；succeed成功；stop停止。根据让步状语从句“Even if we…sometimes”及“we can learn from mistakes and keep going.”可知，我们应是可以从“失败”中汲取经验教训。故选B。 9．句意：他希望这能有助于保护环境。 country国家；school学校；environment环境；family家庭。根据“Li Ming is working on a smart rubbish bin that can sort waste”及常识可知，致力于垃圾分类的李明应是希望这个举动能有助于保护“环境”。故选C。 10．句意：他的故事表明，只要努力奋斗，就能实现任何目标，无论生活看起来有多么艰难。 get得到；finish完成；try尝试；achieve实现。通读全文及“no matter how difficult life may seem”可知，这个故事告诉我们只要努力奋斗就能“实现”任何目标。故选D。 三、阅读理解 选择恰当语句补全短文 (有两项多余)。 When there are many elderly people in society, finding care is difficult. There aren’t enough people to do this job. 1 . New robots can give elderly people all kinds of care. The simplest care robots are like pets. 2 . They bring real joy to elderly people, and no one has to feed them. Some care robots use AI. They can help elderly people with many things. 3 . They make video calls to family. Also, if the robot’s owner is in trouble, the robot will call someone for help. Other care robots do physical (体力的) jobs. 4 . Japanese hospitals use these robots now. The people there like them a lot. Many of these robots don’t just help elderly people do things. They also help them feel useful and independent (独立的). Some companies make their robots look weak. 5 . That way, people will care for the robots while the robots care for them. A．The robots tell people to take medicine, do exercise, and see the doctor B．Many people get sick and need care C．They look like they need care D．They pick things up, help people walk, and lead groups in dances E．When you touch them, they will move or make animal sounds F．However, it’s hard to get old G．Today, technology is helping us fix this problem 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了几种照顾老人的机器人。 1．根据“There aren’t enough people to do this job.”以及“New robots can give elderly people all kinds of care.”可知，空处会提出一种新的技术会帮助解决护理老人的问题。选项G“今天，技术正在帮助我们解决这个问题。”与之相符。故选G。 2．根据“The simplest care robots are like pets.”可知，空处应该会描述像宠物一样的护理机器人的特点。选项E“当你触摸它们时，它们会移动或发出动物的声音。”与之相符。故选E。 3．根据“Some care robots use AI. They can help elderly people with many things.”可知，空处会描述能使用AI技术的机器人的特点。选项A“机器人告诉人们吃药、锻炼、看医生。”与之相符。故选A。 4．根据“Other care robots do physical (体力的) jobs.”可知，空处会介绍一些能做体力工作的机器人的功能。选项D“他们捡东西、帮助人们行走、带领团体跳舞。”与之相符。故选D。 5．根据“Some companies make their robots look weak.”以及“That way, people will care for the robots while the robots care for them.”可知，一些机器人会看起来很柔弱，然后它和人类可以互相照顾。选项C“他们看起来需要照顾。”与之相符。故选C。 四、选词填空 请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置。 impossible  family  quick  they  what  the  useful  in  do  with  drive  and There are robots all around us. They are very helpful. Some do very difficult work like flying a plane or 1 a train. And some do dirty and dangerous jobs for us. People put the program into the robots to tell them what to 2 . Robots are like humans in two ways: they work 3 they have feedback (反馈). Robots are very important in factories. They can do things very 4 and never feel bored. In our daily life, robots are 5 , too. People used to hope that robots could help 6 with their housework. It has come true now. In some 7 , robots can help them to look after 8 old. Usually we think robots must look like a real person, but 9 fact, most of the time, they just look like machines. In the future, robots will be smarter. It’s 10 that we will have robot judges (法官) and robots will help people do more jobs. 【答案】 1．driving 2．do 3．and 4．quickly 5．useful 6．them 7．families 8．the 9．in 10．possible 【导语】本文主要介绍了机器人的作用。 1．句意：有些人做非常困难的工作，比如开飞机或开火车。根据“flying a plane or ... a train”和所给词汇可知，此处指驾驶火车，drive“驾驶”，且介词like后用动名词。故填driving。 2．句意：人们把程序放进机器人里，告诉它们该做什么。根据“People put the program into the robots to tell them what to ...”和所给词汇可知，把程序放进机器人里是为了告诉它们该做什么。do“做”，to后加动词原形表示不定式。故填do。 3．句意：机器人在两个方面与人类相似：它们会工作，它们会反馈。根据“they work ... they have feedback”和所给词汇可知，机器人会工作和会反馈。and“和”表示并列。故填and。 4．句意：他们做事很快，从不觉得无聊。根据“They can do things very ...”和所给词汇可知，机器人做事情很快，quick“快的”，此处应用副词修饰动词do things。故填quickly。 5．句意：在我们的日常生活中，机器人也很有用。根据“In our daily life, robots are ..., too”和所给词汇可知，机器人是有用的，useful“有用的”，形容词作表语。故填useful。 6．句意：人们曾经希望机器人能帮助他们做家务。根据“help ... with their housework”和所给词汇可知，此处指帮助他们做家务，they“他们”，且此处应用宾格作宾语。故填them。 7．句意：在一些家庭，机器人可以帮助他们照顾老人。根据“In some ..., robots can help them to look after ... old.”和所给词汇可知，照顾老人是家庭中的事情，family“家庭”，some后加复数。故填families。 8．句意：在一些家庭，机器人可以帮助他们照顾老人。the+形容词，表示一类人。the old“老人”。故填the。 9．句意：通常我们认为机器人必须长得像真人，但事实上，大多数时候，它们只是看起来像机器。in fact“事实上”，固定搭配。故填in。 10．句意：我们可能会有机器人法官，机器人会帮助人们做更多的工作。根据“It’s ... that we will have robot judges”和所给词汇可知，有机器人法官是可能的。possible“可能的”，形容词作表语。故填possible。 ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Make it happen! 课时3 Understanding ideas(Grammar) 分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 05思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 动词不定式和动名词作宾语 动词不定式作宾语 （ 1 ）接不定式作宾语的动词（ “ 动词 +to do” 结构）常见的有： learn 学会 plan 计划 decide 决定 try 尽力 choose 选择 agree 同意 refuse 拒绝 pretend 假装 offer 主动 would like / want 想要 expect 期望 hope / wish 希望 promise 承诺 afford 负担得起 prefer 喜欢 help 帮助 (help to do / help do) like 喜欢 (like to do / doing) continue 继续 (continue to do / doing) begin / start 开始 (begin / start to do / doing) 如： I would like to have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。 （ 2 ）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用 it 指代不定式， it 是形式宾语。 如： We found it difficult to understand what you said. 我们发现很难理解你所说的话。 （ 3 ）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（ who ， what ， which 等）作宾语（即 “ 动词 + 疑问词 +to do” 结构）， 常见的有： show 表明、指示； know 知道； tell 告诉； teach 教； learn 学习； decide 决定。 如： Larry didn’t know how to tell her the bad news. 拉里不知道如何告诉她这个坏消息。 动名词作宾语 （ 1 ） 作动词的宾语 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语， 不能用不定式。常见的此类动词 ( 词组 ) 有： advise, allow, permit, avoid, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, practice, give up, suggest, consider, keep on, can't help( 情不自禁 ) 等。 如： I have already finished reading this book. 我已经读完这本书了。 ) ( ② （ 2 ） 作介词的宾语 介词后如果接动词作宾语， 常要用动名词形式。如： think about, worry about, be/get used to, look forward to, pay attention to 等。 如： We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制订新的计划。 We're looking forward to receiving your letter. 我们盼望收到你的来信。 其他带有动名词的常见结构： be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 spend time/money doing sth. 花时间 / 钱做某事　 have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun doing sth. 做某事有困难 / 乐趣 be worth doing sth 值得做某事 既可以接不定式又可以接动名词的动词 1. 有的动词后面既可接动词不定式， 也可接动名词作宾语， 意义不变。如： begin, start, hate, like, love 等。 2. 有些动词后接不定式或动名词时， 意义差别较大。如： forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 ( 事还没做 ) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 ( 事已做 ) remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 ( 事还没做 ) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 ( 事已做 ) stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 ( 去做另一件事 ) 　　　 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 ( 不做了 ) try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 go on to do sth. 继续去做某事 ( 继续做不同的事 ) 　 go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事 ( 同一动作的继续 ) 如： Don't forget to close the windows before you leave. 你离开前别忘记关窗户。 Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? 你忘了在北京机场已经见过她了吗？ ) 一、单项选择 1．—You should stop ________ a rest after reading for a long time. —But I can’t wait ________ the ending of the story. A．having; to know B．to have; to know C．having; knowing D．to have; knowing 2．—I have a sore throat. Should I go to the doctor? —Well, I think you just need ________ some hot tea with honey. A．drank B．to drink C．to drinking D．drinking 3．The Internet makes ________ possible for everyone ________ education anywhere and anytime. A．it; get B．it; getting C．that; to get D．it; to get 4．Although Jim failed ________ the early bus, he managed ________ on time. A．catching; arriving B．to catch; to arrive C．catching; to arrive D．to catch; arriving 5．The Smiths decided ________ a house near the sea. A．to buy B．bought C．buying 6．—The bike looks very beautiful but I can’t afford ________ one. — What a pity! A．buy B．to buy C．buying 7．—Do you plan ________ any lanterns in the house during the Spring Festival? —Yes, I do. A．to hang B．hanging C．hang 8．—Would you like ________ shopping with me? —Well, I feel like ________ a walk in the park. A．to go; taking B．going; to take C．going; taking D．to go; to take 9．Last night, a strange man offered ________ me home, but I refused. A．drive B．driving C．to drive 10．Remember ________ the TV. We are going to leave now. A．turning off B．turn off C．to turn off D．turned off 11．Alice always writes down her mistakes in her notebook, and she hopes not ________ the same mistake again. A．make B．to make C．making D．makes 12．I prefer up early so that I can have enough time to read English. A．get B．to get C．getting D．gets 13．—Your cousin Mike refuses ________ pork for dinner. —Oh, yes. But I don’t mind ________ any food. A．to have; eating B．having; to eat C．to have; to eat D．having; eating 14．Don’t forget ________ some warm clothes when you take a trip to Harbin in winter. A．take B．to take C．taking D．takes 15．When somebody is in trouble, we shouldn’t refuse ________ a helping hand. A．give B．to give C．giving D．gave 16．—Tom, can you tell me ________ an e-mail to you? —Of course. It’s easy. A．how can I send B．how I could send C．how to send D．what to send 17．I wasn’t sure what ________ for my school project, so I asked my dad what I should do. A．write B．writing C．wrote D．to write 18．We have problems ________ speaking English. A．practiced B．practicing C．to practice D．practice 19．The film is worth _________. I want to see it for the second time. A．see B．seeing C．sees 20．—It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment of the park. —Yes. We should stop people from ________ litter everywhere. A．collecting B．throw C．throwing 21．—Why are you so quiet? —Because I’m considering ________ a new car. A．buy B．bought C．buying D．to buy 22．Last Sunday, we had fun ________ football in the open air. A．play B．played C．to play D．playing 23．Jack will finish ________ the report next week. A．write B．writing C．to write D．written 24．It is natural to forget new words! I suggest ________ four or five words a day on pieces of paper and ________ them in your room. A．to write; to make B．writing; placing C．to write; to place D．writing; making 25．How about ________ to music? A．to listen B．listening C．listen 26．In the football match, they started ______ the ball better in the second half. A．pass B．to passing C．passing D．passed 27．You should ask your parents’ permission before ________ out. A．go B．to go C．going D．to going 28．—Would you mind ________ the classroom? I have something important to do after school. —Of course not. You don’t need to worry. I will do it well. A．clean B．cleaning C．cleans D．to clean 29．—Your advice makes it possible for me to learn geography well, Tina. —That’s good. When you have difficulty ________ anything, you can ask me for help. A．do B．doing C．to do 30．I have some trouble ________ English now, but I believe I can learn it well with the help of my teacher. A．learn B．to learning C．learning D．to learn 31．Now people like to read on the mobile phones instead of ________ paper books. A．read B．reading C．to read D．on reading 32．While I was reading the book I couldn’t help ______ at those humorous sentences. A．laughing B．to laugh C．laughs D．laughed 33．Mike used to stay out late, but now he is used to ________ home early every day. A．returning B．return C．returned 34．The students are busy ________ the stage for the school play. A．set up B．setting up C．to set up D．set 35．We can reuse water for ________ plants. A．watering B．water C．waters D．watered 一、用所给词的正确形式填空 1．We should learn (respect) each other’s differences. 2．Boys and girls, let’s start (clean) up the classroom! 3．After a short break, he continued (do) his homework. 4．Many museums are great. If you have time, you can choose (visit) them. 5．He agreed (help) his grandma with the housework every day. 6．The students from our school all hope (win) the basketball match against Yucai Middle School. 7．We can’t afford (make) any mistakes because it is an important task. 8．Don’t hurry (make) a decision! 9．We can learn how (care) for animals. 10．But if you look inside yourself, you can light your path and find out where (go). 11．Keep on (practise) and your English will be better. 12．Can you imagine (dance) in the middle of your room? 13．Many students are afraid of (speak) in front of people. 14．I often practise (play) the piano after dinner. 15．If you want to keep healthy, please give up (smoke). 16．When I’m tired, I enjoy (read) on the sofa for a rest. 17．John has made progress by (work) hard. 18．A helmet can protect us from (hurt) when we are riding a bike. 19．She came into the office with a poker face without (greet) anybody. 20．To stay healthy, you’d better avoid (eat) too much junk food. 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在每小题的三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并将答案写在答题卡上对应题目的位置上。 WeChat (微信) is becoming 1 with people in China. No matter where we are, we can send words or voice messages to 2 friends. We can also find strangers to talk to by shaking the phones. 3 funny function (功能) is that WeChat can help search for people nearby. Many people like this function 4 it can help them make more friends. In my opinion, WeChat is really a useful tool. It 5 help us talk and share ideas with our friends easily. However, it is also bad for people, especially students. As we know, some people use WeChat 6 a long time. It is not healthy for them. So I have some 7 to use it in a correct way. 8 , we should not use it when we are studying. We can’t focus (集中) on our study if we use it. Second, we must be careful. We should not show too much personal information (个人信息) to strangers. In a word, we should learn how 9 it properly (合适地). If we 10 it too much, we’ll waste a lot of time. Remember, WeChat is not everything in our life. 1．A．popular B．more popular C．much popular 2．A．we B．us C．our 3．A．Others B．The other C．Another 4．A．because B．if C．so 5．A．must B．should C．can 6．A．on B．for C．in 7．A．advice B．advices C．advice’s 8．A．One B．The first C．First 9．A．used B．use C．to use 10．A．depend on B．depended on C．will depend on 二、完形填空 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Li Ming is a student from a small town in Yunnan Province. He dreamed to become a(n) 1 one day. However, life was quite 2 for him. His family was not rich, and his parents worked very hard to make a living. But Li Ming never gave up. He often said, “If I work hard enough, I will make my dream come 3 .” At school, Li Ming was one of the best students. He listened carefully in class and spent much time in the school 4 , reading books about science and technology. When he was thirteen, he built a small robot using old parts. It could help with simple chores like picking up objects. His teacher encouraged him to join a city science 5 , and he won the first prize! From then on, more people began to 6 him. A reporter wrote a story about him in a newspaper. Though famous, he kept studying hard. “Nothing is 7 if you try your best,” he said. “Even if we 8 sometimes, we can learn from mistakes and keep going.” Now, Li Ming is working on a smart rubbish bin that can sort (分类) waste. He hopes it will help protect the 9 . His story shows that hard work can 10 anything, no matter how difficult life may seem. 1．A．teacher B．scientist C．artist D．doctor 2．A．simple B．successful C．comfortable D．difficult 3．A．true B．far C．easy D．fast 4．A．lab B．library C．playground D．hall 5．A．competition B．party C．meeting D．concert 6．A．talk about B．worry about C．look for D．take after 7．A．meaningful B．believable C．impossible D．important 8．A．win B．fail C．succeed D．stop 9．A．country B．school C．environment D．family 10．A．get B．finish C．try D．achieve 三、阅读理解 选择恰当语句补全短文 (有两项多余)。 When there are many elderly people in society, finding care is difficult. There aren’t enough people to do this job. 1 . New robots can give elderly people all kinds of care. The simplest care robots are like pets. 2 . They bring real joy to elderly people, and no one has to feed them. Some care robots use AI. They can help elderly people with many things. 3 . They make video calls to family. Also, if the robot’s owner is in trouble, the robot will call someone for help. Other care robots do physical (体力的) jobs. 4 . Japanese hospitals use these robots now. The people there like them a lot. Many of these robots don’t just help elderly people do things. They also help them feel useful and independent (独立的). Some companies make their robots look weak. 5 . That way, people will care for the robots while the robots care for them. A．The robots tell people to take medicine, do exercise, and see the doctor B．Many people get sick and need care C．They look like they need care D．They pick things up, help people walk, and lead groups in dances E．When you touch them, they will move or make animal sounds F．However, it’s hard to get old G．Today, technology is helping us fix this problem 四、选词填空 请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置。 impossible  family  quick  they  what  the  useful  in  do  with  drive  and There are robots all around us. They are very helpful. Some do very difficult work like flying a plane or 1 a train. And some do dirty and dangerous jobs for us. People put the program into the robots to tell them what to 2 . Robots are like humans in two ways: they work 3 they have feedback (反馈). Robots are very important in factories. They can do things very 4 and never feel bored. In our daily life, robots are 5 , too. People used to hope that robots could help 6 with their housework. It has come true now. In some 7 , robots can help them to look after 8 old. Usually we think robots must look like a real person, but 9 fact, most of the time, they just look like machines. In the future, robots will be smarter. It’s 10 that we will have robot judges (法官) and robots will help people do more jobs. ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$