第4讲 特殊句式-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版）

板块二　句法 专项提能 语法篇 第四讲　特殊句式 【真题试做】——感悟高考中的语法 一、省略 (2022·全国甲卷)Though not known to use tools in the wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use while (keep) in the cage. 二、倒装 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met, there are common (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 2.(2021·全国乙卷)Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each；gone the days of thousands standing to watch the match. kept themes are 三、其他 1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) a wonderful time we had! 2.(2018·天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat. What that 考点 1　倒装句 (一)部分倒装 　只把谓语的一部分(系动词be、助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前,而谓语的其他部分仍留在主语之后。 1.将含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时,句子需部分倒装。 这类词或短语有never、seldom、rarely、little、few、at no time、by no means、no longer、not until、hardly/scarcely...when...、no sooner...than...、not only...but (also)...、nowhere、neither...nor...等。 Never will I forget what happened that day. 我永远也不会忘记那天发生的事。 Not only did these activities arouse people’s great interest in World Water Day,but they also raised their awareness of water resources protection. 这些活动不仅引起了人们对世界水日的极大兴趣,也提高了人们水资源保护的意识。 2.“only＋状语/状语从句”置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。 Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others. 只有当你的心态平和时,你才能与别人保持良好的关系。 3.“so/such...that...”结构中的so、such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。 So significant is the volleyball match that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule. 这场排球比赛意义如此重大,以至于每个人都应该提前到达我们学校的体育馆。 4.表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。 I saw a cartoon film last week,and so did she. 上周我看了一部动画电影,她也看了。 5.在as或though引导的让步状语从句中,从句的表语、状语、动词原形要放在as或though之前,构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词,其前不加冠词。(as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装,though引导的可以倒装,although和while引导的一定不倒装) Child as he was,he finished his task with great courage and determination. 尽管他只是一个孩子,他还是满怀着决心和勇气完成了任务。 Much as I admire his courage,I don’t think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气,但我认为他这样做是不明智的。 Fail as he did,he would never give up. 尽管他失败了,但他也决不会放弃。 6.在含有were/had/should的虚拟条件句中可以省略if,将were/had/should提前,构成部分倒装。 Were I you,I would apply for the job. 如果我是你,我会申请那份工作的。 Had we left a bit earlier,we would not have been trapped in the rain. 如果我们早一点出发,就不会被困在雨中了。 7.在表示祝愿的句子中常用部分倒装。 May you succeed. 祝你成功。 (二)完全倒装 完全倒装是把句子的谓语全部放在主语的前面。 1.here、there、now、then、out、in、up、down、away、on the wall、in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词(短语)置于句首,且主语为名词时,句子用全部倒装。 Now comes your chance to shine. 现在你大显才华的机会来了。 Beneath the ancient tree stood a wise old man, his eyes gazing into the distance with profound wisdom. 在那棵古老的树下站着一位智慧的老者,他的眼睛凝视着远方,透露出深邃的智慧。 [特别提醒]　当以上副词位于句首时,若句子的主语是人称代词,则不能倒装。 Away they went. 他们走了。 2.有时为了突出或强调,将表语提到句首,构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的倒装结构。 Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests. 出席晚会的有格林先生,还有许多其他的宾客。 考点 2 　强调句 强调句 陈述句式:It+is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分 一般疑问句:Is/Was+it+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他部分? “not...until...”的强调句: It is/was not until...that+其他部分(注意时态) 强调谓 语动词 do/does/did+动词原形(只用于肯定句,并且只用于一般现在时和一般过去时) I think it was my determination and efforts that contributed to my success in the contest. 我认为是我的决心和努力促成了我在比赛中的成功。 Despite the freezing weather outside, my heart warmed up. It was on the day that I learned the value of responsibility. 尽管外面天气寒冷,但我的心却暖和起来。就是在那一天,我懂得了责任的价值。 When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？ It was not until he got home that he found he had left his bag in the taxi. 直到他到家后才发现他的包落在了出租车上。 She did tell me about her address,but I forgot all about it. 她确实告诉过我她的地址,但我全忘了。 [特别提醒] 1.强调主语时,that或who之后的谓语动词在人称和单复数上要和被强调的主语保持一致。 It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress. 正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。 2.强调句型和“It is/was＋时间＋when...”的区别： It was at 11：00 that he came back. 他是在11点的时候回来的。(强调句型) It was 11：00 when he came back. 他回来的时候11点了。(时间状语从句) 考点 3 省略句 (一)状语从句的省略 当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词,构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。 Firstly,people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don’t want to. 首先,当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时,他们会感到是被迫的。 While walking along the street,I heard my name called. 走在大街上时,我听到有人叫我的名字。 [特别提醒]　在英语中,有些固定结构通常被看作习惯上的省略结构。 if ever要是有过的话 if possible如果可能的话 if any如果有的话 if anything如果有什么的话 if so如果这样的话 if necessary如果有必要 if not如果不这样的话 (二)不定式的省略 1.在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语),只保留不定式符号to。否定形式的省略用not to。但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be、have、have been,通常保留这些词。 The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to. 这个司机想把车停靠在路边,但警察叫他别那样做。 —Have you told Ann about her failure in the test? —Yes,but I oughtn’t to have. “你告诉安她考试不及格的事了吗？” “告诉了,但我不应该那样做。” 2.感官动词(see、look、notice、watch、observe、listen、hear、feel等)和使役动词(make、have、let等)后带不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to；但不定式在被动语态中作主语补足语时不能省略to。 He often makes his sister do the housework for him.他总是让他姐姐替他做家务。 I was made to laugh by him. 我被他逗笑了。 (三)用 so或 not等替代上文的内容 当由I’m afraid、I think、I believe、I hope、I guess等作答语时,后面的so与not分别表示肯定和否定,宾语从句可省略。 Maybe I will be proven wrong,but I hope so/not. 也许我会被证明是错的,但我希望如此/不是那样。 考点 4　感叹句 句式 结构 1.What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 2.What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语! 1.How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 2.How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! 3.How+主语+谓语! I was surprised by her words,which made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made. 我被她的话惊到,这使得我意识到我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。 How quickly time flies! 时间过得真快啊！ What a talented artist he is! His paintings are breathtaking. ＝How talented an artist he is! His paintings are breathtaking. 他真是个有才华的艺术家！他的画作令人叹为观止。 考点 5　祈使句 祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t,也可用副词never构成。祈使句的常见句型： 1.祈使句＋and＋陈述句：“如果……就……” 2.祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句：“……否则……” Call me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the results of the experiment. 明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果的。 Start out right away, or you’ll miss the first train. 立刻出发,否则你将错过首班列车。 考点针对训练 Ⅰ.语法与教材 1.(人教必修一)Especially amazing (be) the Incas’ dry stone method of building. 2.(外研必修一)It is after all we are the visitors to their world. 3.(译林必修三)As the human population continues to grow, does the effect we have on animals. 4.(外研必修一)Dad showed me a photo we had taken then—just see _____ time flies! is who/that so how 5.(译林选必二)As media channels have grown in number and type, ____ have advertisements. 6.(人教必修一)It is for this reason Spanish is the main official language of Peru. 7.(译林必修三)I felt worried when (watch) the document. 8.(外研选必一)Keep trying eventually you’ll read the words “We are delighted to inform you...” so that watching and Ⅱ.语法与高考 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了长城脚下的公社,这是北京人周末度假的好去处,这里有一系列现代建筑,包括一家坐落在黄叶银杏树之间的豪华酒店,它的设计屡获殊荣。 Every day, thousands of tourists from around the world plan their trips to the Great Wall of China. Despite the wall’s 5,500­-odd miles, 1.____________ (spread) from east to west across the country, most travelers find 2.____________ (them) at either the Badaling or Mutianyu sections, the two areas closest to Beijing. These visitors rise early from their downtown hotels, pack themselves into buses and wait in long queues 3.____________ (see) the magnificent structures that consist of the Great Wall. But what if there was another way? 1.答案：spreading 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管长城全长5 500多英里，从东到西横跨全国，但大多数游客发现自己不是在八达岭长城，就是在慕田峪长城，这两个地方离北京最近。分析句子结构可知，spread与逻辑主语the wall’s 5，500­-odd miles构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。 2.答案：themselves 解析：考查代词。句意见上一题解析。此处指发现“他们自己”，应用反身代词themselves。 3.答案：to see 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这些游客从市中心的酒店早早起床，挤进公共汽车，排着长队，只为一睹由长城组成的宏伟建筑。分析句子结构可知，see在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。 An hour-­long drive north of the 4.____________ (crowd) capital is Commune by the Great Wall, a popular weekend getaway for the people in Beijing 5.____________ a series of modern buildings consist of a luxury hotel, with award-­winning design among yellow­-leaved gingko trees. It is not only the rural surroundings 6.____________ attract travelers to a town. Beyond the usual services—an expansive breakfast buffet and cozy bed sheets—Commune by the Great Wall 7.____________ (provide) a rare opportunity to simply walk to the Great Wall. Just 20 minutes by foot from the hotel reception 8.____________ (be) the Shuiguan section of the wall. 4.答案：crowded 解析：考查词性转换。句意：从拥挤的首都往北开车一小时就到了长城脚下的公社，这是北京人周末度假的好去处，这里有一系列现代建筑，包括一家豪华酒店，设计屡获殊荣，坐落在黄叶银杏树之间。空处修饰名词capital，应用形容词crowded。 5.答案：where 解析：考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Commune，在从句中作地点状语。 6.答案：that 解析：考查强调句。句意：吸引游客来到小镇的不仅仅是乡村环境。此处是强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”，本句强调事物，应用that。 7.答案：provides 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：除了通常的服务——丰盛的自助早餐和舒适的床单——长城脚下的公社还提供了一个难得的步行到长城的机会。陈述事实用一般现在时；主语为Commune，谓语用第三人称单数形式。 8.答案：is 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：从酒店接待处步行20分钟即可到达长城的水关段。此处为倒装句，且陈述事实，用一般现在时；主语为the Shuiguan section of the wall，谓语动词用单数。 Commune by the Great Wall won 9.____________ special praise at the Venice Architecture Biennale in 2002, the year the 12 core buildings 10.____________ (complete). 9.答案：a 解析：考查冠词。句意：“长城脚下的公社”在2002年威尼斯建筑双年展上获得特别奖，同年12座核心建筑全部完工。此处praise为泛指，且special是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。 10.答案：were completed 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意见上一题解析。主语与谓语构成动宾关系，根据上文in 2002和the year可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为the 12 core buildings，系动词用were。 Ⅲ.语法与写作 根据中文提示补全作文,并注意其中特殊句式的使用。 Dear Jane, 1. (时间过得真快)！I’m delighted to hear from you.In your letter you asked me how to stay healthy.2._____________ _______ (这是我的建议). How time flies Here is my advice Firstly,you should keep a balanced diet.3.___________________ ______________ (不要吃高脂肪、高糖食物).You should eat more vegetables.Secondly,taking exercise every day helps build up a strong body.4.__________________________________________________ (只有这样,你才能够有足够的精力来更好地学习).As we all know,5.__________________________________________________ __________ (有规律的锻炼在保持我们的健康方面起着重要的作用；强调句).Finally,make sure you have enough sleep and you mustn’t stay up too late at night. in fat and sugar Don’t eat food high Only in this way can you have enough energy to study better it is regular exercise that plays an important part in keeping us healthy 6.___________________________________________________ (合理饮食并有规律地锻炼,你就能保持健康；祈使句＋and＋陈述句).7. (我真希望我的建议有用；强调谓语动词). Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua Eat properly and exercise regularly and you will stay healthy I do hope my advice is helpful $$