第3讲 第2节 冠词-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版）

板块一　词法 专项提能 语法篇 第三讲　不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词和介词(短语) 第2节　冠词 【真题试做】——感悟高考中的语法 一、特指或泛指 1.(2024·浙江1月卷)Then, when you use one section, _ other stays fresh. 2.(2024·九省联考)Today, a writer simply throws an empty pen away and gets new one. 3.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Not the pandas, even though language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. 4.(2022·全国甲卷) friend of his,Wu Fan,volunteered to be his companion during the trip. the a the A 二、固定搭配 1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with touch of sweetness,and the surrounding soup hot,clear and delicious. 2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. a the 考点1 　不定冠词a、an的用法 (一)不定冠词的用法(八个“一”) 泛指“一”(one) It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across the night sky. “每一”(＝per) Prices start at $13.95 a meter for printed cotton. “同一”(＝the same) They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a color. “一类”(＝复数名词) A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. “任一”(＝any) What he needs is a book. “某一”(＝a certain) A Mr. White with some big bags is waiting to see you at the school gate. “一个/场/次/件”(抽象名词) The art show was not a failure but a success. “一种/份/阵/……” (物质名词) What a heavy rain！ A coffee is enough. 1.用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前,表示泛指。 My friend John is a handsome young man, a young man everyone likes to work with. 我的朋友约翰是一个英俊的年轻人,一个人人都喜欢与之共事的年轻人。 2.用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一”。 This is the first time I’ve been to Japan, but I hope to visit a second time in the future. 这是我第一次去日本,但我希望将来能再去一次。 3.用在形容词的比较等级前,表示“一个更……的”。 Only by reading the latest issue of this magazine can you have a better understanding of the astronauts’ life in space. 只有通过读这本杂志的最新一期,你才能更好地了解航天员在太空的生活。 4.“a most＋形容词”表示“很……,非常……”,most在此不表示最高级含义,相当于very；而“the＋most＋多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式,表示“最……”。 She is the most talented musician I have ever met. 她是我见过的最有天赋的音乐家。 He is a most talented musician. 他是一位非常有天赋的音乐家。 (二)不定冠词的固定搭配 have a gift for有……的天赋 get a lift/ride搭便车 pay a visit to参观 lend sb. a hand帮助某人 as a result因此 at a distance离一段距离 a waste of ……的浪费 be/go on a diet节食 make a living谋生 as a matter of fact事实上 in a sense/way在某种意义上 all of a sudden突然 考点 2　定冠词the的用法 (一)定冠词的基本用法 1.特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。 Yesterday an 8-­year­-old boy fell into the river. The boy was saved by a policeman. 昨天,一个8岁的男孩掉进了河里。这个男孩被一名警察救了。 2.用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only、very、same等之前；“the＋形容词”表示一类人。 Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China. 杨利伟是中国第一个进入太空的人。 He set up a school for the deaf and the dumb. 他创建了一所聋哑学校。 3.用于表示朝代、年代的名词前,或用于整十的数词复数前,表示某个年代。 In the early 1600s, Galileo was the first to use his telescope to explore the sky. 在17世纪初,伽利略是第一个使用望远镜探索太空的人。 4.用于表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇俩。 The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours. 史密斯夫妇曾住在我们楼上的公寓里。 5.用于世界上独一无二的事物前。 As the sun went down, there was a bar of red over the western hill. 日落时西山上有一条红晕。 6.用在“by＋the＋单位计量词”中,但是如果是在抽象名词前则不用冠词,如by weight、by time、by length、by size等。 I got paid by time.To be exact,I got paid by the hour. 我按时间拿报酬,确切地说,我是按小时拿钱。 7.用于固定结构“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”。 The police caught the thief by the arm. 警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。 [特别提醒]　被演奏的西洋乐器前用the,但是球类、棋类之前却没有冠词。 As far as I know,he likes playing the piano but doesn’t like playing football. 据我所知,他喜欢弹钢琴却不喜欢踢足球。 (二)定冠词的固定搭配 at the moment此刻；目前 in the end最后,最终 to tell the truth说实话 on the other hand另一方面 by the way顺便说一下 in the middle of在……中间 at the same time同时 on the contrary相反 on the whole总的来说 in the distance在远处 to the point中肯；切题 make the most/best of充分利用 考点 3　零冠词的用法 (一)零冠词的基本用法 1.表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前。 Misfortune never comes alone. 祸不单行。 2.表示月、季节、星期、节假日、大洲、三餐、球类、学科、棋类等名词前。 I’m going to take up chemistry this semester. 本学期我打算学化学。 They were having breakfast when I arrived. 我到达时他们正在吃早饭。 3.与by连用的表示交通工具、通信工具的名词前。 Are you going there by plane or by ship? 你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？ 4.在称呼语前或表示独一无二的头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。 John, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip. 组长约翰将为这次旅行制订全程计划。 5.as/though引导让步状语从句,单数名词提前至句首时,其前不加冠词。 Child as he is,he knows a lot about Chinese history.虽然他还是个孩子,但是他对中国历史了解很多。 (二)零冠词的固定搭配 on purpose故意地 by chance碰巧 catch fire着火 at dawn在黎明 face to face面对面 out of date过时的 make room for给……让位 in debt负债 in shape状况良好 on foot步行 in danger在危险中 side by side肩并肩；并排 from time to time不时地 hand in hand手拉手 day after day日复一日地 考点 4　有无定冠词，意义各不同 名词前无冠词的搭配 名词前有冠词的搭配 sit at table坐在桌旁吃饭 sit at the table坐在桌旁(不一定在吃饭) at school在上学 at the school在学校(不一定是上学) by sea乘船;由海路 by the sea在海边 in front of在……(外部的)前面 in the front of在……(内部的)前面 out of question没问题 out of the question不可能 名词前无冠词的搭配 名词前有冠词的搭配 in possession of拥有 in the possession of为……所拥有 by day在白天 by the day按天计算 in charge of掌管 in the charge of在……的掌管下 take place发生 take the place of代替 考点针对训练 Ⅰ.语法与教材 1.(外研选必一)It was actually a very clever means to highlight the importance of the Great Barrier Reef and need to protect it. 2.(译林选必四)I wondered if the first day of school was always such ____ circus. 3.(北师大选必二)Anne was a teacher and former student at a school for blind in Boston. the a the 4.(译林选必二)We absorb these marketing messages without thinking about them too much, yet they will probably have effect on us the next time we go shopping. 5.(北师大选必二)CGI (Computer Generated Image) technology has had a huge impact on the film industry. It allowed the previously unfilmable to become reality. 6.(外研选必一)This is like a warning, or call for help: “I’m being attacked！” an a a 7.(外研选必一)Most surprisingly of all, plants have amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. 8.(外研必修二)As a computer engineer, there’s always a new challenge just around corner! 9.(人教选必二)My presentation on traditional Chinese art was ___ great success, which boosted my confidence. 10.(人教选必一)As consequence, he had to flee Germany. an the a a Ⅱ.语法与高考 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了中国古代医学家李时珍撰写《本草纲目》的经历和该书的广泛影响。 To write his own medical text, Li Shizhen referenced over 800 medical texts, countless books on history and geography, and works of literature. He even studied the complete works of many ancient poets, from 1.____________ he selected a surprising number of verses about medicine. However, the greatest issue he encountered was the widespread 2.____________ (inconsistent) in the use of drug names. Realising the importance of field research outweighed 3.____________ of extensive reading, in 1565 Li travelled far and wide into the mountains and wilderness. He covered what are today’s provinces of Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu, and many other places. 1.答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：他甚至研究了许多古代诗人的作品全集，从中挑选了数量惊人的关于医学的诗句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是works，在从句中作宾语，用which引导。 2.答案：inconsistency 解析：考查词性转换。句意：然而，他遇到的最大问题是药品名称的使用普遍不一致。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作表语，inconsistent的名词形式是inconsistency，为不可数名词。 3.答案：that 解析：考查代词。句意：李时珍意识到实地考察的重要性超过了广泛阅读的重要性，于是在1565年跋山涉水。根据句意可知，空处指代上文提到的the importance，应用that代指。 After over a decade of field research, Li 4.____________ (successful) completed the first draft of his masterpiece, Bencao Gangmu, or The Compendium of Materia Medica in 1578. He revised 5.____________ work at least three times right up until his death in 1593. 4.答案：successfully 解析：考查词性转换。句意：经过十多年的实地研究，李时珍于1578年成功完成了他的杰作《本草纲目》的初稿。空处修饰空后的动词，应用副词。 5.答案：the 解析：考查冠词。句意：他在1593年去世前至少修改了三次。空后的work特指上文提到的《本草纲目》，所以空处应用定冠词。 Since its first publication in 1596, the book 6.____________ (receive) world­-wide recognition. British naturalist Charles Darwin acknowledged the book 7.____________ an “ancient Chinese encyclopedia”. In 2011, the book 8.____________ (list) on the UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register. In 2017, an international conference was held in Beijing 9.____________ (celebrate) Li’s 500th birthday. 7.答案：as 解析：考查介词。句意：英国博物学家Charles Darwin称此书为“中国古代百科全书”。此处是固定搭配：acknowledge...as意为“承认……是……”。 6.答案：has received 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：自1596年首次出版以来，这本书得到了全世界的认可。receive作本句谓语，根据标志词since可知，用现在完成时，主语是the book为第三人称单数形式。 8.答案：was listed 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2011年，《本草纲目》被列入联合国教科文组织的《世界记忆名录》。list作本句谓语，和主语the book之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，根据时间状语in 2011可知，用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数形式。 9.答案：to celebrate 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年，一场国际会议在北京举行，以庆祝李时珍的500岁生日。本句已有谓语动词was held，所以celebrate用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表示目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to celebrate。 Today, there are a 10.____________ (grow) number of international exchanges centering on Li Shizhen and his book, and many people around the world can still find the wisdom of human development in this ancient classic. 10.答案：growing 解析：考查词性转换。句意：今天，以李时珍和他的著作为中心的国际交流越来越多，世界上许多人仍然可以从这部古老的经典中找到人类发展的智慧。空处修饰空后的名词number，应用形容词作定语，growing“增加的”。 Ⅲ.语法与写作 根据中文提示补全作文,并注意其中冠词的使用。 We have 1. _____ (许多值得尊敬的人) around us.They may be our teachers,parents or one of our elders.As for me,2. (我父亲是我最尊敬的人). a lot of respectable people my father is the person I respect most My father is 3. _______ _ _____ (一个十分爱学生和爱工作的老师).He works very hard every day,but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work.When I come across the problems of learning in my study,my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to 4. _ (勇敢地克服这些困难).He has achieved a lot in his work and is respected by his students.So,5. (在我心里) my father is the person I respect most and I love him deeply. a teacher who loves his students and his work very much overcome the difficulties bravely in my mind $$