选修4 Unit 2 Understanding each other-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版）

选择性必修第四册 Unit 2　Understanding each other 主题语境　相互理解 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 背诵默写本 1.react vi. (对……)作出反应;有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应 reaction n.反应;回应 2.gentle adj.温柔的;温和的;柔和的 gently adv.温柔地,温和地;柔和地 3.encode vt.把……编码;把……译成电码(或密码) 4.mail n.电子邮件;邮政;邮件 5.decode vt.解(码),破译(尤指密码) 6.feedback n.反馈的意见(或信息) 7.competent adj.足以胜任的,有能力的,称职的 competence n.能力;胜任;本领 8.obtain vt.获得,赢得 obtain knowledge/one’s degree获得知识/学位 9.suit vt.满足需要;相配,合身 n.套装,西装,西服 suitable adj.适合的;适宜的 10.negotiate vi.& vt.谈判;商定,达成(协议) negotiation n.谈判;磋商 11.enterprise n.公司,企业;规划,事业 12.straightforward adj.坦诚的;简单的 13.fold vt.折叠,对折;包,裹 n.褶,褶层,折叠部分 unfold vt.打开;呈现 14.friction n.争执;摩擦;摩擦力 15.clarify vt.使更清晰易懂,阐明 clarification n.澄清;说明 clarify matters/a situation/a problem澄清真相/情况/问题 clarify one’s stand/position阐明某人的立场 16.knowledgeable adj.博学的,有见识的 knowledge n.知识,学问;了解 17.empathy n.同感,共鸣,同情 18.sympathy n.同情;赞同 sympathetic adj.有同情心的, 赞成的, 合意的 sympathize vt.& vi.同情 with sympathy同情地 out of sympathy出于同情 19.empathize vi.有同感,产生共鸣 20.approve vi.& vt.赞成;批准,通过(计划、要求等) approval n.赞成;认可;批准 disapproval n.不赞成;反对 21.tone n.语气,腔调;风格,特色 22.gain vt.& vi.获得;增进,增长;(从……中)受益 n.好处,利益 No pain, no gain.不劳无获。 23.gesture n.手势,姿势;姿态,表示 vi.& vt.做手势,用手势表示 24.precisely adv.准确地,恰好地;细心地;正是,确实 precise adj.准确的,精确的;认真的,细致的 25.vocabulary n.词汇,词汇量 26.preference n.偏爱;偏爱的事物 prefer vt.更喜欢;选择某事物(而不选择其他事物) 27.jam n.果酱;拥挤,堵塞 28.somewhat adv.有点,有几分,稍微 29.taboo n.禁忌,忌讳;禁止,避讳 30.embarrassed adj.窘迫的,尴尬的;拮据的 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 embarrass vt.使窘迫,使尴尬;使困惑;使为难 embarrassment n.窘迫,难堪;使人为难的人或事物;拮据 31.intention n.意图,计划 intend vt.计划;打算 32.correspond vi.类似于;相一致,符合;通信 corresponding adj.相符的;相应的;相关的 correspondence n.相似, 信件, 通信 33.behave vi.& vt.表现得体,有礼貌;表现 behaviour n.行为;举止;习性 well-behaved/badly-behaved adj.表现好/差的 behave well/badly to/towards sb.对待某人好/差 34.tolerate vt.容许,允许;忍受,容忍;能经受 tolerance n.容忍;忍受 tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的 35.kindergarten n.学前班;幼儿园 36.recite vt.吟诵;列举 37.accent n.口音,腔调;重音;着重点,强调 38.handwriting n.手写,书写;笔迹,书法 39.fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的,熟练的 fluently adv.流利地;流畅地 fluency n.流利;流畅 40.cooperate vi.合作,协作;协助,配合 cooperation n.合作, 协作 41.cite vt.提及,列举;引用,引述 42.tofu n.豆腐 43.bacon n.咸猪肉,熏猪肉 44.tank n.坦克;(贮放液体或气体的)罐 45.golf n.高尔夫球运动 46.integrate vt.& vi.(使)合并;(使)加入 47.bilingual adj.会说两种语言的;用两种语言(写)的 48.kung fu n.功夫 49.oppose vt.反对,抵制;与……对垒 opposed adj.反对的;对立的 opposing adj.对抗的;相反的 opposition n.反对,反抗 50.intervention n.干涉行为,干预 intervene vi.干涉,介入,阻挠;插话 51.pure adj.纯净的;完全的 purify vt.净化,洗涤,提纯 52.tribe n.部落 53.reject vt.拒绝接受,不予考虑;不录用;排斥,排异 rejection n.抛弃;拒绝;被抛弃的东西 54.pessimistic adj.悲观的,悲观主义的 pessimism n.悲观,悲观情绪;厌世主义 55.Germanic adj.日耳曼语的;德国的 56.linguist n.语言学家;通晓数国语言的人 57.tendency n.趋势,趋向;倾向,偏好 tend vi.& vt.趋向;易于;照顾 58.skateboard n.滑板 59.canteen n.食堂,餐厅 60.sincerely adv.真诚地,诚实地 sincere adj.真诚的,坦率的 61.slip vi.滑倒;滑落;溜;陷入 n.差错;纸条;滑跤 slippery adj.滑的;狡猾的;不稳定的 62.fence n.栅栏,篱笆 63.contest n.比赛,竞赛;争夺,竞争 vt.争取赢得;争辩,就……提出异议 ◆背核心短语 1.put yourself in sb.’s shoes处于某人的境地,设身处地 2.account for sth.是……的解释(或原因);(数量上、比例上)占 3.approve of赞成,赞同 4.broaden one’s mind拓宽视野,开阔眼界 5.function as起……作用 6.be referred to as被称为 7.negotiate with与……谈判 8.under this circumstance在这种情况下 9.out of style过时的 10.be integrated into融入 ◆背单元语块 1.be decoded by the original sender由原始发送者解码 2.with practice and patience通过练习和耐心 3.negotiate with a large enterprise about a deal与一家大企业洽谈一笔交易 4.in a straightforward manner以直截了当的方式 5.be attentive to the issues关注这些问题 6.with your arms folded双臂交叉 7.be knowledgeable about body language了解肢体语言 8.give serious consideration to their points of view认真考虑他们的观点 1.which引导非限制性定语从句 In response,the receiver sends an encoded message back,which is referred to as feedback. 作为回应,接收者再发回一条编码信息,这就是所谓的反馈。 2.while作并列连词,表示对比 A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed,while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction. 微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注,而双臂交叉、看向别处可能表明你不感兴趣,这样就会造成不信任或引起摩擦。 3.no sooner...than...一……就…… No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home. 我刚开始了解英国人是如何交流的,就该回国了。 4.the+比较级...,the+比较级... The longer a borrowed word has been in use,the more it sounds and even looks like the native language. 一个外来词使用的时间越长,它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土语言。 5.强调句 It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly. 也正是通过那些外来词,新想法的传播以及不同的观念的交流得以更加便捷、迅速。 1. a service邮政服务 2. ask for 征求反馈意见 3. this information 获得这个信息 4. a large 一家大型企业 5. in a manner以直截了当的方式 mail feedback obtain enterprise straightforward 板块二　默写练习 第一组　核心单词 6. the arms双臂交叉 7. create 引起摩擦 8. your message阐明你的信息 9. express your 表达你的同情 10. make adjustments to your own 调整你自己的语气 11. a hot water 一个热水箱 12. a course一个高尔夫球场 fold friction clarify sympathy tone tank golf 13. be about the exchange between languages对语言 之间的互借持悲观态度 14. the Edward Sapir语言学家爱德华·萨丕尔 15. try out the 尝试玩滑板 16. in the 在餐厅 17. out of the house溜出房子 18. jump over a low 跳过一个低矮的篱笆 19. have a 有一场比赛 pessimistic linguist skateboard canteen slip fence contest 1. vi.(对……)作出反应;有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应 → n.反应;回应 2. adj.足以胜任的,有能力的,称职的→____________ n.能力;胜任;本领 3. vt.满足需要;相配,合身n.套装,西装,西服→ ⁠ adj.适合的;适宜的 4. vi.& vt.谈判;商定,达成(协议)→ n. 谈判;磋商 react reaction competent competence suit suitable negotiate negotiation 第二组　拓展词汇 5. vt.折叠,对折;包,裹n.褶,褶层,折叠部分→ vt. 打开;呈现 6. vt.& vi.赞成;批准,通过(计划、要求等)→_________ n.赞成;认可;批准→ n.不赞成;反对 7. n.偏爱;偏爱的事物→ vt.更喜欢;选择 某事物(而不选择其他事物) fold unfold approve approval disapproval preference prefer 8. adj.窘迫的,尴尬的;拮据的→ ⁠ adj.令人尴尬的→ vt.使窘迫,使尴尬;使困惑;使为难 → n.窘迫,难堪;使人为难的人或事物;拮据 embarrassed embarrassing embarrass embarrassment 9. n.意图,计划→ vt.计划;打算 10. vt.& vi.表现得体,有礼貌;表现→ n.行 为;举止;习性 11. vt.容许,允许;忍受,容忍;能经受→ n. 容忍;忍受→ adj.宽容的;容忍的 intention intend behave behaviour tolerate tolerance tolerant 12. adj.(尤指外语)流利的,熟练的→ adv.流 利地;流畅地→ n.流利;流畅 fluent fluently fluency 13. vt.反对,抵制;与……对垒→ adj.反对 的;对立的→ n.反对,反抗 14. vt.拒绝接受,不予考虑;不录用;排斥,排异 → n.抛弃;拒绝;被抛弃的东西 15. n.趋势,趋向;倾向,偏好→ vi.& vt.趋向;易 于;照顾 oppose opposed opposition reject rejection tendency tend 1. 处于某人的境地,设身处地  2. 是……的解释(或原因);(数量上、比例 上)占  3. 赞成,赞同  4. 拓宽视野,开阔眼界  put yourself in sb.’s shoes account for sth. approve of broaden one’s mind 第三组　重点短语 1. In response,the receiver sends an encoded message back, ⁠ .(which引导非限制性定语从句)  作为回应,接收者再发回一条编码信息,这就是所谓的反馈。 2. A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, ⁠ with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.(while作并列连词)  微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注,而双臂交叉、看向别处可 能表明你不感兴趣,这样就会造成不信任或引起摩擦。 which is referred to as feedback while looking away 第四组　课文佳句 3. ⁠ ⁠ it was time to head back home.(no sooner... than...)  我刚开始了解英国人是如何交流的,就该回国了。 No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than 4. ⁠,the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.(the+比较级...,the+比较级...)  一个外来词使用的时间越长,它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土 语言。 The longer a borrowed word has been in use 5. ⁠ novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.(强调句)  也正是通过那些外来词,新想法的传播以及不同的观念的交流得 以更加便捷、迅速。 It is also through those words that 1. (2024·北京卷)However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ ________ (react) and inputs. 2. (2023·北京卷)Habit formation is the process by which __________ (behave) become automatic. 3. (2024·北京卷)Once a pair has been determined to be ⁠ (suit), the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. reactions behaviours suitable 板块三　语基自测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 4. (人教选必二U1)Qian read a lot and was extremely _____________ ⁠ (knowledge),especially in the area of frontier science research. 5. (人教选必一U4)People have a ⁠ (tend) to lean towards whatever they are interested in. 6. (人教选必四U1)She felt ⁠ (embarrass) and quickly told him to go. knowledgeable tendency embarrassed 7. Tracy speaks English , and her ⁠ in English made her stand out among other applicants.(fluent) fluently fluency 8. Over half of the students in our class ⁠ of another basketball match with Class Two, but their ⁠ was rejected by our PE teacher.(approve) 9. They agreed to try to settle their dispute by ⁠.It is not clear whether the president himself is willing to ⁠ with the common people.(negotiate) 10. The headmaster has a that he ⁠ overseas Chinese students and encourages them to return home to start their own careers.(prefer) approved approval negotiation negotiate preference prefers Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. He could not ⁠ (解释离开岗位的时间).  2. (处于我的境地), and then perhaps you’ll stop complaining.  3. I don’t (赞成她改变 旅游计划) for a while.  account for the time spent away from his post Put yourself in my shoes approve of her changing the trip routine 4. If you (拓宽视野), you will naturally stop worrying.  5. A typical PDA can (充当一个手 机), fax sender, and personal organizer.  6. You can (依靠他) to rise to the occasion, if need be.  7. The company refused to (与国 外的人谈判).  8. It’s time to (慎重考虑 这件事情).  broaden your mind function as a mobile phone depend on him negotiate with the one abroad give serious consideration to this matter Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 有趣的是,音乐越欢快,他们的心率就越快。(the more..., the more...) Interestingly, the music was, ⁠ their heart rates were.  2. 她刚走出屋子,天就开始下雨了。(no sooner...than...) ⁠ the house than it began to rain.  the more cheerful the faster No sooner had she stepped out of 3. 当我感到沮丧的时候,我经常选择欣赏小说部分,其中包含了很 多富有想象力的故事。(状语从句的省略) ⁠, I often choose to enjoy the novel part which includes a lot of imaginative stories.  4. 头脑里有了那个想法,普鲁伊特想出了一个计划,并把它发布在 社区网站上。(with复合结构) ⁠, Pruitt came up with a plan and posted it on the community website.  When feeling depressed With that thought in mind 5. 正是由于大家的共同努力,参加奥运会的中国健儿才取得了巨 大的成就!(强调句) ⁠ the Chinese athletes competing the Olympic Games made great achievements!  It was because of everyone’s joint efforts that 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业38　Unit 2　Understanding each other Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.react vi.(对……)作出反应;有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应 → n.反应 (1)react to 对……作出反应 react with与……起(化学)反应 react against反对;反抗;反叛 (2)in reaction to对……作出反应/以应对…… reaction ①(人教选必一U4)Reacting ⁠ body language is an important component of being a teacher. ②(外研选必三U5)While Tao’s return to nature was a ⁠ (react) to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. to reaction →How do you think ⁠?(react)  →What do you think ? (reaction)  ④消防员对猛烈的大火迅速作出反应,及时将它控制住。 The firefighter ⁠ ⁠ in time.   he will react to the bad news his reaction to the bad news will be reacted quickly to the fierce blaze and brought it under control ③你认为他会对这个坏消息作何反应? (1)suit sb.适合某人 suit one’s needs 符合某人的需要 (2)be suitable for 适合于…… be suitable to do sth.适合做某事 2.suit n.西装,西服,套装vt.满足需要;相配,合身→ adj. 适宜的,合适的→ adj.合适的;般配的 suitable suited ③Many teachers all believe that this English novel suits teenagers. →Many teachers all believe that this English novel ⁠ teenagers.  ④我认为在团队工作最适合我,因为我相信“三个臭皮匠顶一个诸 葛亮”。 I think ⁠, because I believe “two heads are better than one”.  is suitable for working in a team is suitable for me ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited ⁠ social media. ②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A torch along with ⁠ (suit) clothing is essential for walking in the dark. to suitable 3.approve vi.& vt.赞成;同意;批准,通过(计划、要求等)→_______ n.赞成,同意;批准,认可→ adj.赞同的→__________ vi.& vt.不赞成;反对→ n.不赞成;反对 (1)approve sth.批准/通过某事 approve of (sb./sb.’s) doing sth.赞同/同意(某人)做某事 approval approving disapprove disapproval (2)give one’s approval to同意;批准 without the approval of未经……许可 in approval同意 meet with one’s approval得到某人的批准/同意 ①(2024·北京卷)Dishonest and violent behaviours were ___________ (approve) of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. disapproved ②I approve of your ⁠ (try) to earn some money in your spare time,but I oppose occupying your study time. ③尽管我没得到父亲的许可,我还是忙着追那只可爱的兔子。 trying While I didn’t ⁠, I employed myself in chasing the lovely rabbit.  meet with my father’s approval 4.sympathy n.同情;赞同→ adj.同情的;有同情心 的 (1)feel/have sympathy for sb.同情某人 with sympathy同情地 out of sympathy出于同情 in sympathy with赞成;支持 sympathetic (2)be sympathetic to/towards...对……表示同情/赞同 ①(朗文词典)I have a lot of sympathy ⁠ her; she had to bring up the children on her own. ②(剑桥词典)He suffers from back trouble too, so he was very ____________(sympathy)about my problem. ③我坚信他会同意你的意见的。 I ⁠ your proposal.   for sympathetic hold the firm belief that he will be in sympathy with ④梅雷迪思太太同情穷人,因此每当她有时间的时候,她都会给他 们带来食物和药品。 →Mrs. Meredith ⁠,so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time. (sympathetic)  →Mrs. Meredith ⁠,so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(sympathy)  was sympathetic towards/to the poor had/felt sympathy for the poor 5.correspond vi.相一致,符合;类似于,相当于;通信 → n.一致;相似;通信;信件 → adj.与……一致的;相当的 → adv.相应地;相对地 (1)correspond to/with与……相一致/相符 correspond with sb.与某人通信 (2)in correspondence with...与……通信;和……一致 correspondence corresponding correspondingly ①(外研选必四U5)Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond ⁠ the positions of the stars. ②The survey found no ⁠ (correspond) between crime and unemployment rates. to correspondence →His actions ⁠ his words.  ④你对事件的叙述与她的一致,这只是巧合。 →It’s a coincidence that your account of events ⁠ ⁠ hers. (correspond)   →It’s a coincidence that your account of events ⁠ ⁠ hers. (correspondence)  don’t correspond with corresponds with/to is in correspondence with ③His actions aren’t consistent with his words. (1)容忍/忍受(某人)做某事 bear (sb.) doing/to do sth.忍受/容忍(某人)做某事 (2)be tolerant of...容忍/忍受…… 6.tolerate vt.忍受,容忍;包容;容许,允许;能经受→ n. 宽容;忍耐力→ adj.宽容的;能耐……的 tolerance tolerant Chinese parents won’t ________________________________ with chopsticks when having dinner.  ③虽然你的朋友有缺点,但是作为朋友你应该包容他。常言道:“没 有十全十美的朋友。”(人际关系) Although your friend has disadvantages, but as his friend, you ______ ________________⁠. As the saying goes, “A friend without faults will never be found.”  tolerate their children knocking bowls should ①(剑桥词典)Some members of the party would like to see it develop a greater ⁠ (tolerate) of/towards contrary points of view. ②中国的父母不能容许他们的孩子在就餐时用筷子敲碗。(中国 礼仪) tolerance be tolerant of him 7.embarrassed adj.窘迫的,尴尬的;拮据的→_______________ n.窘迫;愧疚;难堪→ vt.使尴尬,使窘迫 → adj.使人害羞的,使人难堪的 → adv.窘迫地;愧疚地 (1)be embarrassed to do sth.对做某事感到尴尬 be embarrassed at/about sth.因……尴尬 (2)to one’s embarrassment令某人尴尬的是 embarrassment embarrass embarrassing embarrassedly ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. “Sorry, I can’t take cash out,” I said ⁠ (embarrass), with my face burning. ②那头驴低头急冲,想把我摔下去,让我在朋友面前尴尬极了。 embarrassedly The donkey rushed forward with its head held low to fling me, _______________________________________________________________________________________⁠.  embarrassing me in front of my friends ④He was embarrassed that he had no idea of what was going on. → ⁠ was that he had no idea of what was going on.(主语从句)  → ⁠ that he had no idea of what was going on.(it作形式主语)  → ⁠, he had no idea of what was going on. (embarrassment n.)  What embarrassed him It embarrassed him To his embarrassment ③既尴尬又羞愧,我无法集中精力做任何事情。 ⁠, I couldn’t concentrate on anything. (形容词短语作状语)  Embarrassed and ashamed [教材原句]　No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.我刚开始了 解英国人的沟通方式就到要回家的时候了。 (1)no sooner...than...引导时间状语从句,主句用过去完成时,than后 面的从句用一般过去时。 (2)no sooner...than...置于句首时,表示强调,主句要用部分倒装。 8.no sooner...than...“刚……就……” (3)与这个短语类似的还有 hardly...when...;scarcely...when...。 ①As soon as I saw the crowd of people down there, my heart beat so fast that I was unable to say a single word. → ⁠ ⁠(no sooner...than...的正常语序)  → ⁠ (倒装句)  I had no sooner seen the crowd of people down there than my heart beat so fast that I was unable to say a single word. No sooner had I seen the crowd of people down there than my heart beat so fast that I was unable to say a single word. ②她刚出我家门口,我就收到了来自两个女人的电子邮件,她们的 孩子在我儿子的托儿所上学,她们认出了我的脸。(细节描写) ⁠ ⁠ whose kids go to my son’s nursery and who recognized my face.  No sooner/Hardly/Scarcely had she left my doorstep than/when I had emails from two women Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1. (牛津词典)People can react badly ⁠ certain food additives. 2. (外研选必二U3)As we can see, emojis have a tendency ⁠ ⁠ (pop) up all over the place.  3. (2023·全国乙卷)Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to ⁠ (grow) outside in the UK, especially in the winter. to to pop growing 4. (剑桥词典)Alan is someone who always needs the ________ (approve) of other people. 5. (北师大选必一U2)I’d prefer ⁠ (have) three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.  6. (剑桥词典)The razor ⁠ (slip) while he was shaving and he cut himself. approval to have slipped 7. (外研选必一U2)Despite ⁠ (reject)from several publishers, J. D. Salinger refused to give up. 8. (剑桥词典)One of the functions of the kidneys is to ⁠ (pure) the blood. 9. (2023·北京卷)While a routine involves repeated ⁠ (behave), it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is. 10. (外研必修一U2)If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”, why are “hardly” and “softly” not an ⁠ (oppose) pair? rejections purify behaviour opposing Ⅱ.完成句子/一句多译——活用短语、句式 1. 你需要设身处地地为他们着想,试着理解他们为什么这么说,为 什么这么做。(建议信) You need to ⁠ .⁠ put yourself in their shoes and try to understand why they said and did it 2. 虽然旅行可以开阔你的视野,但我认为花太多时间和金钱在旅 行上不是个好主意。(建议信) ⁠, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.   While traveling can broaden your mind 3. 如果您能批准我们的提议,我们将不胜感激。(感谢信) →We would be grateful _____________________________⁠.(approve)  →We would be grateful____________________________________⁠. (approval)  if you could approve our proposal if you could give approval to our proposal 4. 孩子们在陌生人面前往往表现得很好。 →Children ⁠ in the presence of strangers. (tend)  →Children ⁠ in the presence of strangers.(tendency)  tend to behave well have a tendency to behave well 5. 他一到北京就来看我们,这就是我感激他的原因。 →He ⁠,which accounted for my appreciation.(陈述句)  → ⁠, which accounted for my appreciation.(倒装句)  had no sooner arrived in Beijing than he came to visit us No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he came to visit us Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 A.n.(一套)衣服 B.v.对某人方便;合……的意 培优1　克服阅读障碍——一词多义 1.suit (1)I was stopped by an old man in a blue suit at the gate of the factory. _____ (2)If you want to go to the bookstore next weekend,that suits me fine. _____ A B A.v.相符合,相一致 B.v.相当;相类似　 C.v.通信 2.correspond (1)The job of a British lecturer corresponds roughly to that of an American associate professor._____ (2)Your account of the events does not correspond with what we have heard. _____ (3)Although they parted,the two friends always corresponded with one another to get comfort._____ B A C A.vi.溜走 B.vi.滑落　 C.n.差错　 D.vi.滑倒　 E.vi.(迅速地)脱下 3.slip (1)Molly knew she could not afford to make a single slip. _____ (2)She slipped out of the jacket and tossed it on the couch._______ (3)During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks._____ (4)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but slipped and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.____ (5)He stared at the distance, watching the sun slip down behind the mountains._____ C E A D B A.作出解释　 B.占……比例 4.account for   (1)Those who visit English-learning websites account for 12%.______ (2)All this also accounts for why I choose Xiamen University, where I can major in Environmental Engineering. ______ B A 培优2　单元话题写作——志愿者工作 　　根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Peter, 　　I’m glad to have received your letter,①__________________ _______________________________(说你关心我的志愿工作;现在分词作状语). Now I give you a brief introduction.  saying you are concerned about my voluntary work 　　The other day,I went to a remote village. I participated in a voluntary activity in a remote village (加黑部分升级为where引导的定语从句②___________________________________________ ________________). Otherwise,③___________________________ ___________________ (我就会去参加你们的结婚纪念日了;虚拟语气).④_______________________________________________ ____________________(我用几天的时间适应了生活在这个山村;take的花费句型). As far as I’m concerned,⑤______________ _________________________________________(做志愿者工作帮助那些需要帮助的人很荣幸;it作形式主语). I went to a remote village where I participated in a voluntary activity I would have gone to your anniversary ceremony It took me several days to adjust (myself) to living in the mountainous village it is a privilege/an honour to do voluntary work to help those in need ⑥ (正是这些志愿工作使我的生活更加充实;强调句).  　　I am dying to hear from you soon. Yours, Li Hua It is the voluntary work that helps me live my life to the fullest 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　gentle adj.温柔的;温和的;柔和的　competent adj.足以胜任的,有能力的,称职的　knowledgeable adj.博学的,有见识的　sympathy n.同情;赞同　embarrassed adj.窘迫的,尴尬的;拮据的　fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的,熟练的　pessimistic adj.悲观的,悲观主义的　sincerely adv.真诚地,诚实地 [动作描写]　obtain vt.获得,赢得　gain vt.& vi.获得;增进,增长;(从……中)受益　gesture vt.& vi.做手势,用手势示意　recite vt.吟诵;列举　slip vi.滑倒;滑落;溜;陷入 [环境描写]　kindergarten n.学前班;幼儿园　contest n.比赛,竞赛;争夺,竞争 美句 1.If you heard someone shout “Hey you!” from across the room, how would you react? Just these two words can carry a lot of information. 2.A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction. Step 2　语料运用【演讲比赛】 　　一天,我们幼儿园举行了一场演讲比赛。参赛者是一些可爱的小男孩和小女孩。第一个走上舞台的是一个知识渊博、很有能力的女孩。 　　One day a speech contest was held in our kindergarten. The competitors are some lovely little boys and girls. ①__________ ____________________________________ _________________(动词不定式作后置定语). The first one to come onto the stage was a knowledgeable and competent girl 她背诵了一首诗,清晰、流畅,充满了情感,赢得了热烈的掌声。就在那时,她滑了一下,摔倒了。她感到尴尬和悲观,甚至想放弃。我向她做了一个手势,鼓励她继续下去。令我松了一口气的是,她站起来成功地完成了她的表演。 She recited a poem clearly,fluently and ② (介词短语作状语), ③ (现在分词作状语). Just at that moment,she ④_________ __________(动作链描写).She felt embarrassed and pessimistic,even wanting to give up. I gave her a gesture,⑤_________ ____________(现在分词作状语).To my relief,she stood up and finished her performance successfully.  full of emotion gaining warm applause slipped and fell down encouraging her to go on 语料积累 【动作细节描写:动“手指”】 单词 finger;thumb 词块 cross one’s fingers (交叉手指以)祈求好运;lift/hold out a warning finger伸出一根手指警告;wag one’s finger摇摇手指;point an accusing finger at sb.指责某人;run one’s fingers through/ along/over用手梳理/捋/摸;raise a thumb in greeting竖起大拇指打招呼;stick out a thumb伸出大拇指 句 型 I sat up with anticipation, my fingers crossed. (独立主格) 我满怀期待地坐下,手指交叉。 The door swung open and there stood the teacher, running his fingers through his hair.(分词短语作状语) 门开了,老师站在那里,用手捋着头发。 “How naughty you are!” cried the teacher, wagging his finger angrily.(分词短语作状语) “你们真是太淘气了!”老师生气地摆了摆手指喊道。 Pointing an accusing finger at the students talking, he demanded of them to go outside the classroom.(分词短语作状语) 他指责那些说话的学生,要求他们走出教室。 课时作业38　Unit 2　Understanding each other Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A 　　(2024·东北三省四市联考) I was the only kid in college with a reason to go to the mailbox,because my mother never believed in email,or cell phones in general.I was literally waiting by the mailbox to get a letter with a warmest comfort from her. 　　So when I moved to New York and got depressed,I did the only thing I could think of.I wrote those same kinds of letters like my mother for strangers,and tucked them all over the city:in cafes,in libraries,and even in the subway.I blogged about those letters and promised if asked for a handwritten letter,I would write one. 　　Overnight,my inbox became this harbor of heartbreak—a single mother in Sacramento,a girl being bullied in Kansas,a 22-year-old immigrant,all asking me to write them and give them a reason to wait by the mailbox.And this is how I initiated the act The World Needs More Love Letters. 　　Today I run a global organization fueled by those trips to the mailbox.It is a miracle.But the thing about these letters is that most of them have been written by people brought up in a paperless world where some best conversations happen on a screen.We have learned to record our pain onto social media,and we speak swiftly on the Internet. 　　 Therefore,I’ve been carrying this mail crate (大木箱) with me these days,which is a magical icebreaker.So I get to tell total strangers about a woman whose husband was traumatized (受精神创伤的) from war,and how she left love letters throughout the house saying, “Come back to me.” And a man,who had decided to take his life,slept safely with a stack of letters just beneath his pillow,handwritten by strangers who were there for him. 　　These stories convince me that letter-writing will never need to be about efficiency,because it is an art now.All of it is the signing and the scripting and the mailing. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为母亲不使用现代通信工具而喜欢手写信,后来通过手写信给陌生人提供情感支持,并发起了“世界需要更多爱的信件”的活动。 1.Why did the author share her experience in college?(　　) A.To show her care for her family. B.To convey her love for writing letters. C.To express her feelings attached to letters. D.To prove her consistency in writing letters. 1 2 3 4 C 解析:推理判断题。 根据第一段的内容和第二段第一句可知,作者分享自己在大学的经历是为了表达自己对书信的依恋。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 2.What caused the author to launch the act?(　　) A.She advocated the paperless lifestyle. B.She intended to provide professional aid. C.She tried to improve her communication skills. D.She aimed to give emotional support with letters. D 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知,作者是想通过写信给予人们情感支持,所以才发起这个运动的。故选D项。题目中的“launch the act”与原文中的“initiated the act”是同义转换。 1 2 3 4 3.Why does the author call the mail crate “a magical icebreaker”?(　　) A.It cures people of mental diseases. B.It serves as a conversation starter. C.It has magic power to melt ice. D.It empowers people to be brave. B 解析:推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知,作者将该木箱称为神奇的破冰者,是指它能让作者和陌生人有话说,是个引起谈话的东西,故选B项。本题易错选C项和D项,C项属于字面意思,很有迷惑性,但稍微结合常识即可排除。D项属于望文生义,大木箱只是给人们带来安慰,并没有让人们变得勇敢,故排除。 1 2 3 4 4.What is the best title for the text?(　　) A.Family Letters Are Priceless B.Love for Writing Never Declines C.World Needs More Love Letters D.Handwritten Letters Improve Efficiency C 解析:标题归纳题。文章围绕作者发起The World Needs More Love Letters的背景和目的来展开叙述,记叙了她因为自身的经历,用手写信的方式去帮助那些需要情感帮助的人。故C项既能呼应运动标题,又能反映作者的主张,最适合作为文章标题,所以选C项。 B 　　(2024·江西南昌三模)The goal of this book is to introduce some of the cognitive (认知的) prejudices we have—and how misunderstandings can cloud our judgment and affect the people around us.This book also guides us on how to do our best to correct these thinking traps.Here are some examples. 　　The first one is that we tend to be overconfident in our abilities without enough evidence.This can lead us,for example,to mess up career-changing presentations because of lacking preparation,or greatly underestimate the time we may spend in completing the projects. 　　We can correct this propensity by trying it out ourselves.This will quickly put any feelings of overconfidence to rest or fight this trend by over-preparing and considering potential problems in advance.For example,if we’re decorating our homes and have no idea how long it will take,talk to friends who went through a recent case or consult with a few experts to understand the time the project takes and what problems may arise. 　　Another,which can be dangerous,is that we are likely to focus a lot more of our attention on negative events than positive ones.It explains why a friend’s unenthusiastic review of a well-known movie might lead us to watch something else.This tendency can hold us back from making a decision about something,say a big purchase like a house,out of fear there was once a negative event associated with an otherwise good choice. 　　There are several suggestions here.Initially,when making a choice,stress the positive aspects of our options.Sellers use this approach all the time.For example,instead of saying the beef contains 11% fat,they label it as 89% lean (瘦肉).These are both true and accurate descriptions of the same product but describing it from the opposite can make it a more attractive choice for buyers concerned with fat intake.   　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章重点阐述了人们存在的认知偏见以及如何纠正这些偏见,从而帮助人们更理性地看待问题和作出决策。 5 6 7 8 5.What is the book aimed at?(　　) A.Teaching social skills. B.Changing thinking modes. C.Solving physical problems. D.Promoting reflective learning. B 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to... This book also guides us on how to do our best to correct these thinking traps.”可知,这本书旨在介绍认知偏见并指导人们纠正思维陷阱,也就是帮助改变思维方式。故选B。 5 6 7 8 6.What does the underlined word “propensity” mean in paragraph 3?(　　) A.Tradition. B.Over-preparation. C.Collection. D.Tendency. D 解析:词义猜测题。 第二段提到“The first one is that we tend to be overconfident in our abilities without enough evidence.”,表明我们往往对自身的能力过度自信,这是一种倾向。再结合第三段中的“We can correct this propensity by trying it out ourselves...considering potential problems in advance.”可知,这里的“propensity”指的就是上文提到的这种倾向,所以画线词的意思与D项最为接近,故选D。 5 6 7 8 7.What is the harm of prejudices according to paragraph 4?(　　) A.Buying useless things. B.Messing up presentations. C.Missing big opportunities. D.Avoiding making decisions. C 解析:推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“This tendency can hold us...an otherwise good choice.”可知,偏见会使我们因过于关注消极事件而不敢作出决策,从而错失重大机会,故选C。 5 6 7 8 8.What will be talked about in the following paragraph?(　　) A.Analyzing reasons. B.Giving examples. C.Adding suggestions. D.Making contrasts. C 解析:推理判断题。 最后一段开头提到“There are several suggestions here.”,接着给出了一个做选择时的建议,因此后续应该会继续给出建议,故选C。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。超级沟通者是那些能够始终如一地仅通过倾听和交谈就与他人建立真正联系的人。本文主要讲述了超级沟通者的四个习惯。 　　(2024·河北石家庄教学质检二)Super communicators are people who are consistently able to create real connections with others just by listening and talking.The following are four habits of super communicators. 　　They know what kind of conversation they’re having.Super communicators are usually able to respond accordingly.If you’re having a practical conversation,your friend might ask you to help make hard decisions.1(　　) If your friend is just expressing his feelings,you just need to be a good listener.  A.They aim to understand. B.Experts call them “deep questions”. C.They are persuasive communicators. D.The decisions should be easy to carry out. E.This practice sounds simple but it is powerful. F.Then you should be ready to give good advice. G.And that is actually the most magical thing that can happen. 1.答案:F 解析:上文谈到如果你正在进行实际的对话,你的朋友可能会请你帮忙做出艰难的决定。该空承接上文,继续讲到这种情况下你该怎么做。F项“那么你应该准备好给出好的建议”符合语境。 　　They prove they’re listening.There are plenty of ways to appear like you’re listening,like making eye contact or nodding.To do that,experts suggest a technique called “cycles for understanding”.Ask a question and listen to the response.Repeat what they just told you.Ask your conversation partner if you got what they said correctly. 2(　　)  A.They aim to understand. B.Experts call them “deep questions”. C.They are persuasive communicators. D.The decisions should be easy to carry out. E.This practice sounds simple but it is powerful. F.Then you should be ready to give good advice. G.And that is actually the most magical thing that can happen. 解析:上文讲到为了做到倾听,专家建议了一个技巧,并讲述了具体的做法。此处为总结句,说明这个做法的好处。E项“这种做法听起来简单,但很有效”符合语境。 2.答案:E 　　They ask a lot of the right questions.Research shows that highly effective communicators tend to ask 10 to 20 times as many questions as everyone else.They may simply be follow-up questions like “What happened next?” Super communicators also ask questions that get people to open up.3(　　) They ask about people’s values or experiences and create an opportunity for emotional connections.  A.They aim to understand. B.Experts call them “deep questions”. C.They are persuasive communicators. D.The decisions should be easy to carry out. E.This practice sounds simple but it is powerful. F.Then you should be ready to give good advice. G.And that is actually the most magical thing that can happen. 解析:上文谈到了一种问题类型——比较简单的后续问题,例如“接下来发生了什么?”,此处指的是另一种问题,结合空前的“超级沟通者还会提出让人们敞开心扉的问题”和选项可知,B项“专家将它们称为‘深度问题’”符合语境。 3.答案:B 　　4(　　) The goal of a discussion isn’t to impress someone, convince someone or wait for their turn to speak.It’s to genuinely comprehend someone else’s point of view and share their own views accordingly.The right response creates an atmosphere of trust and openness that both parties can benefit from.5(　　)  A.They aim to understand. B.Experts call them “deep questions”. C.They are persuasive communicators. D.The decisions should be easy to carry out. E.This practice sounds simple but it is powerful. F.Then you should be ready to give good advice. G.And that is actually the most magical thing that can happen. 4.答案:A 解析:本空为超级沟通者的第四个习惯,首先根据其他段落的段首句特点可知,该句是they作主语;再根据本段内容尤其是“genuinely comprehend someone else’s point of view (真正理解别人的观点)”可知,此处指他们力求理解对方。故选A。 5.答案: G 解析:上文谈到正确的回应创造了一种信任和开放的氛围,双方都可以从中受益。G项“那实际上是可能发生的最神奇的事情”承接上文,符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了敦煌,它曾是丝绸之路的重要驿站,如今成为迷人的旅游胜地。游客可在日出时漫步沙漠绿洲,日落时骑骆驼。那里还有敦煌莫高窟和敦煌博物馆供人们游览。 　(2024·河北石家庄教学质量检测二)Dunhuang, an oasis (绿洲) in the Taklimakan Desert, used to be a major stop along the Silk Road, but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination. Those interested 1 　 Dunhuang’s colorful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves, one of the city’s main attractions. The entrance to each cave 2 　 (block) by a locked door, which can only be opened by expert guides. Behind these doors are caves of all 3 　 (size)—from very small to absolutely huge. The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings, which, upon their discovery, drew much 4 　 (attend) to the area.  解析:考查介词。句意:那些对敦煌丰富多彩的历史感兴趣的人将被该城市的主要景点之一敦煌莫高窟吸引。考查固定短语be interested in,故填介词in。 1.答案:in 解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:每个洞窟的入口都被一扇锁着的门堵着,只有专业导游才能打开。空处所在句为主从复合句,which引导定语从句,主句缺少谓语动词。此处描述客观情况,故用一般现在时;主语the entrance与block是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;且主语是第三人称单数。故填is blocked。 2.答案:is blocked 解析:考查名词单复数。根据空前的all和空后的from very small to absolutely huge可知,此处应用名词复数,表示不止一个尺寸,故填 sizes。 3.答案:sizes 4.答案:attention 解析:考查词性转换。空前有much修饰,应用不可数名词作drew的宾语,draw attention to“吸引对……的注意力”,故填attention。 Also, there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise.5 　 (catch) this incredible scene, you must rise early. It’s bitterly cold. But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes (沙丘) and paints a 6 　 (true) picturesque scene, all your efforts pay off. Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride. Get off the camels 7 　 walk up a rather steep dune overlooking Crescent Lake. From this position, 8 　 (regard) as the best one, the incredible sunset is awe-inspiring.  5.答案:To catch 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为了捕捉这一令人难以置信的场景,你必须早起。结合句意可知,此处为非谓语动词短语作目的状语,注意句首首字母要大写,故填To catch。 6.答案:truly 解析:考查词性转换。此处表示“描绘出一幅真正如画的风景”;空后picturesque“优美的”是形容词,应用副词修饰,故填truly。 7.答案:and 解析:考查连词。句意:从骆驼上下来,爬上一个俯瞰月牙泉的相当陡峭的沙丘。本句是祈使句,get off和walk up两个动词短语并列且表示顺承,故填并列连词and。 8.答案:regarded 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:从这个被认为最佳的位置看,让人难以置信的日落令人敬畏。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词短语作定语,修饰position,且position和regard之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填regarded。 No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum,9 　 it’s possible to put all of the city’s historical sites into proper historical context. The museum is expansive, 10 　 (contain) many original artworks. Here, you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang’s rich culture.  9.答案:where 解析:考查定语从句。句意:没有参观敦煌博物馆的敦煌之旅是不完整的,在那里可以将这座城市的所有历史遗迹置于适当的历史背景中。分析句子结构可知,该空引导定语从句,修饰先行词Dunhuang Museum,且在定语从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where。 10.答案:containing 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:博物馆很大,收藏了许多原作。分析句子结构可知,空处构成非谓语动词短语作状语。contain意为“包含”,和主语the museum构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故应用现在分词形式containing。 二次精读——溯原文,积语料,提素养 A篇 核 心 单 词 Para.1:literally adv.(强调事实可能令人惊讶)真正地,确实地 Para.2:tuck v.把……塞进狭窄的空间;把……藏入　blog v.写网志;写博客 Para.3:bully v.恐吓;伤害;胁迫　initiate v.开始;发起;创始 Para.4:fuel v.增加;加强;刺激　miracle n.奇迹;不平凡的事;精品 派生 词汇 Para.2:depressed adj.抑郁的;沮丧的;意志消沉的→depress v.使抑郁;使沮丧;使消沉→depression n.抑郁;沮丧;消沉→depressing adj.令人抑郁的;令人沮丧的;令人消沉的 Para.5:magical adj.有魔力的;奇妙的;令人愉快的→magic n.魔法,魔术→magically adv.如魔法般地 核心 短语 Para.4:bring up养育 Para.5:a stack of一摞,一堆 B篇 核心 单词 Para.1:introduce v.把……介绍(给);使初次了解;使尝试　misunderstanding n.误解,误会;意见不一,争执 Para.2:overconfident adj.过分自信的;自负的　underestimate v.低估;对……估计不足 Para.4:unenthusiastic adj.不热心的,缺乏热情的 派生 词汇 Para.5:suggestion n.建议;提议→suggest v.建议;提议;暗示 description n.描写(文字);形容;说明→describe v.描述;形容;把……称为 attractive adj.吸引人的;令人愉快的→attract v.吸引;使喜爱;引起……的好感(或爱慕)→attraction n.向往的地方;有吸引力的事 核心 短语 Para.3:in advance预先,事先　go through经历;通读;检查 长难 句 分析 For example,if we’re decorating our homes and have no idea how long it will take,talk to friends who went through a recent case or consult with a few experts to understand the time the project takes and what problems may arise.(Para.3) 分析:句中if引导条件状语从句;who引导定语从句,修饰先行词friends;the project takes为省略关系代词的定语从句,修饰先行词the time;what引导宾语从句,作动词understand的宾语。 译文:例如,如果我们正在装修我们的家并且不知道这会花费多长时间,那就和近期经历过这种情况的朋友交流或者咨询一些专家,以了解这个项目所花费的时间以及可能出现的问题。 $$