选修4 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版）

选择性必修第四册 Unit 1　Honesty and responsibility 主题语境　诚信与责任 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 背诵默写本 1.barely adv. 刚好;仅仅,勉强可能;几乎不;刚才 2.cigar n.雪茄烟 3.appointment n.约定,约会;任命,委任;职务 appoint vt.约会;任命 appointed adj.指定的;约定的 make an appointment约会 keep/break an appointment守/违约 miss an appointment失约 cancel an appointment取消预约 4.keen adj.灵敏的,敏锐的;渴望,热切,热衷于 5.jaw n.下巴;颌 6.scar n.伤疤;(精神上的)创伤;污点 7.eyebrow n.眉毛 8.scarfpin n.围巾夹,领带别针 9.diamond n.钻石 10.reliable adj.可信赖的,可依靠的;真实可信的,可靠的 rely vi.依靠;依赖 11.worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等),重要的,令人愉快的 12.collar n.衣领;颈圈;圈,箍 13.bless vt.(表示惊奇);祝福 14.inch n.英寸;少量,短距离 15.outline vt.概述,略述 n.概述;轮廓线,略图 16.suspect vt.& vi.疑有,觉得 n.犯罪嫌疑人,可疑对象 17.arrest n.& vt.逮捕,拘捕 arrest one’s attention吸引某人的注意力 18.wire vt.给(某人)打电报;接通(电源) n.金属丝;电线;铁丝网 19.criminal n.罪犯 adj.犯法的,犯罪的;刑事的;不道德的 crime n.罪行 20.anyhow adv.不过,总之;尽管;而且;随便地 21.innocent adj.无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真无邪的,纯真的 n.无辜者,单纯的人 innocence n.天真;清白 22.legal adj.合法的;法律的 illegal adj.不合法的;违法的 legally adv.法律上,合法地 illegally adv.违法地,非法地 legal aid法律援助 legal income合法收入 23.principle n.道德原则;法则;信条 24.decent adj.正派的,合乎礼节的;得体的,适当的 25.burden n.(义务、责任等的)重担,负担 26.geophysicist n.地球物理学家 27.core adj.核心的;最重要的 n.核心,最重要的部分 28.socialist adj.社会主义的 n.社会主义者 social adj.社会的;社交的 society n.社会 socialism n.社会主义 29.resign vt.& vi.辞职,辞去 30.ward n.病房 31.substantial adj.大量的,价值巨大的;结实的,牢固的 32.mineral n.矿物,矿物质 33.superb adj.极佳的,卓越的,质量极高的 34.photographer n.摄影师,拍照者 photography n.摄影;摄影术 35.guilty adj.感到内疚的,感到惭愧的;有罪的,有过失的 guilt n.内疚;犯罪;有罪 36.ashamed adj.惭愧,羞愧,尴尬 shame n.羞耻;羞愧;惭愧 shameful adj.可耻的,丢脸的 37.forgive vt.& vi.(forgave, forgiven) 原谅,宽恕;免除(债务) forgive and forget摒弃前嫌;不念旧恶 38.cheat vt.欺骗,蒙骗 vi.作弊,舞弊 n.作弊者,骗子;欺诈行为 39.wrap vt.包,裹;用……缠绕 n.披肩,围巾;包裹材料 40.parcel n.包裹,小包;一块地 vt.裹好,打包 41.bow n.蝴蝶结;弓 vi.鞠躬;低(头) 42.nephew n.侄子,外甥 43.disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的 disappoint vt.使失望,使沮丧 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n.失望,沮丧 44.wrinkle n.皱纹;褶皱,皱痕 vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹,皱起 45.pause vi.停顿,暂停 n.停顿,停顿的时间 46.sew vi.& vt.(sewed, sewn)缝,做针线活;缝上 47.pretend vi.& vt.假装;装扮,扮作;自诩,自认为 48.privilege n.荣幸;特殊利益 vt.给予特权,特别优待 49.embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受;包含;拥抱 50.phase n.阶段,时期 51.anchor n.锚;给以安全感的人(或物) vi.& vt.抛锚;使固定 52.mercy n.宽恕,仁慈 merciful adj.仁慈的 beg for mercy乞求宽恕 without mercy无情地 53.likewise adv.同样地;也,而且 54.deadline n.最后期限,截止日期 55.guidance n.指导;导航 guide vt.带领;引导 n.向导 56.fault n.过错,责任;弱点,缺点 57.virtue n.美德;正直的品性;优点 58.integrity n.诚实正直;完整,完好 59.organic adj.有机的,统一的;绿色的,不使用化肥的;生物的 60.starfish n.海星,星鱼 61.discouraged adj.灰心的 discouraging adj.使人灰心的,使人泄气的 discourage vt.阻止,使气馁 discouragement n.泄气,灰心 62.garbage n.垃圾;废话 63.saving n.节省物,节省;储蓄金 64.bonus n.意外收获;奖金,红利 65.jade n.玉,碧玉 66.sow vt.& vi.(sowed, sown)播种,种 67.harvest n.收成,收获量;收获季节,收割 vt.& vi.收割,捕猎 68.rejoice vi.& vt.非常高兴,深感欣喜 69.quote n.引语 vt.& vi.引用,引述;举例说明 ◆背核心短语 1.tear down拆毁,拆除 2.make one’s fortune发财 3.lose contact失去联系 4.arm in arm臂挽着臂 5.under arrest被逮捕 6.at the mercy of sb./sth.任……处置,对……无能为力 7.weigh on sb./sth.使焦虑不安,加重……的思想负担 8.live a lie过骗人的生活,为人虚伪 9.generally speaking 一般来说 10.frankly speaking坦率地说 11.on the beat在巡逻中 ◆背单元语块 1.walk along the street沿街走 2.with an unlit cigar in his mouth他的嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄 3.a pale face, with keen eyes, a square jaw and a little white scar一张苍白的脸,一双敏锐的眼睛,一个方下巴和一道白色的小疤痕 4.be the truest and most reliable fellow in the world是世界上最真诚、最可靠的人 5.come a thousand miles千里迢迢地赶来 6.a tall man in a long overcoat一个高个子男人,穿着一件长大衣 7.with collar turned up衣领竖起来 8.set with small diamonds镶嵌着小钻石 1.介词短语位于句首引导完全倒装 In the doorway of a store stood a man,with an unlit cigar in his mouth. 商店门口站着一个男人,他的嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。 2.先行词为situation,where引导定语从句 ...you will encounter many difficult situations where things may go wrong. ……你们会遇到许多困难的情况,在这些情况下事情可能会出错。 3.however引导让步状语从句 Always give your best in whatever you set out to do,however difficult that might be. 尽你最大努力去做自己打算要做的事情,无论它有多难。 4.祈使句+and+陈述句 Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow. 今天播下成功的种子,明天你的收获将会是巨大的。 1. with an unlit in his mouth 他的嘴里叼着一支未点燃的 雪茄 2. with eyes 渴望的眼睛 3. a square 方下巴 cigar keen jaw 板块二　默写练习 第一组　核心单词 4. a little white near his right ⁠他的右眉毛附近 的一道白色的小疤痕 scar eyebrow 5. a large 一颗大钻石 6. a goal 值得的目标 7. a white 白色的衣领 8. at least two or three 至少两三英寸 9. the history of his career概述他的职业生涯 10. a theft 一位盗窃犯罪嫌疑人 diamond worthwhile collar inches outline suspect 11. make two 逮捕两人 12. the news to us打电报把这个消息通知了我们 13. the face of the 犯罪分子的脸 arrests wire criminal 14. have a try 无论如何试一试 15. stick to one’s 坚持某人的原则 16. a guy一个正派的小伙子 17. my pleasure and 我十分高兴和荣幸 anyhow principles decent privilege 18. the next of your lives拥抱你们生活的下 一个阶段 19. a ship without an 一只没有锚的船 20. meet ⁠在期限内完成 21. follow teachers’ 按照老师的指导 embrace phase anchor deadlines guidance 22. your own 你自己的过失 23. the of 诚实的品德 24. an whole一个有机的整体 fault virtue integrity organic 25. pick up 捡垃圾 26. of our precious natural resources节约我们宝贵的自 然资源 27. an added 一份额外的奖金 28. the of success成功的种子 29. during the 在收获季节 30. to see his son recover非常高兴看到他的儿子康复了 31. a famous 一个著名的引语 32. a collection of Chinese 一批中国玉器 garbage savings bonus seeds harvest rejoice quote jade 1. n.约定,约会;任命,委托;职务→ vt. 约会;任命→ adj.指定的;约定的 2. adj.可信赖的,可依靠的;真实可信的,可靠的 → vi.依靠;依赖 3. adj.无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真无邪的,纯真的 n. 无辜者,单纯的人→ n.天真;清白 appointment appoint appointed reliable rely innocent innocence 第二组　拓展词汇 4. adj.合法的;法律的→ adj.不合法的;违 法的→ adv.法律上,合法地→ adv.违 法地,非法地 legal illegal legally illegally 5. adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者→ adj.社会 的;社交的→ n.社会→ n.社会主义 6. n.摄影师,拍照者→ n.摄影;摄 影术 socialist social society socialism photographer photography 7. adj.感到内疚的,感到惭愧的;有罪的,有过失的 → n.内疚;犯罪;有罪 8. adj.惭愧,羞愧,尴尬→ n.羞耻;羞愧;惭愧 → adj.可耻的,丢脸的 guilty guilt ashamed shame shameful 9. adj.失望的,沮丧的→ vt.使失望, 使沮丧→ adj.令人失望的→ ⁠ n.失望,沮丧 10. n.宽恕,仁慈→ adj.仁慈的 disappointed disappoint disappointing disappointment mercy merciful 11. n.指导;导航→ vt.带领;引导n.向导 12. adj.灰心的→ adj.使人灰心 的,使人泄气的→ vt.阻止,使气馁 → n.泄气,灰心 guidance guide discouraged discouraging discourage discouragement 1. 拆毁,拆除  2. 发财  3. 失去联系  4. 臂挽着臂  5. 被逮捕  6. 任……处置,对……无能为力  7. 使焦虑不安,加重……的思想负担  tear down make one’s fortune lose contact arm in arm under arrest at the mercy of sb./sth. weigh on sb./sth. 第三组　重点短语 1. ⁠,with an unlit cigar in his mouth.  商店门口站着一个男人,他的嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。 2. ...you will encounter many difficult ⁠ things may go wrong.  ……你们会遇到许多困难的情况,在这些情况下事情可能会出 错。 In the doorway of a store stood a man situations where 第四组　课文佳句 3. Always give your best in whatever you set out to do, ⁠ ⁠.  尽你最大努力去做自己打算要做的事情,无论它有多难。 4. ⁠ ⁠ 今天播下成功的种子,明天你的收获将会是巨大的。 however difficult that might be Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow. 1. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a ⁠ (rely) weekly supply of fresh greens. 2. (人教选必四U1) She had an ⁠ (appoint) to paint her nails,then she went into an expensive clothes shop. 3. (2023·浙江1月卷)She was covered in spider-webs (蛛网) and was ⁠ (bare) able to move her wings. 4. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Read our Youth Policy ⁠ (guide) for youth under the age of 15. reliable appointment barely Guidelines 板块三　语基自测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 5. (人教选必四U1)Although it was completely innocent,Claire felt ⁠ (guilt). 6. (外研必修三U1)Embarrassed and ⁠ (shame), I can’t concentrate on anything.Please help! 7. I was ⁠ with my son’s performance, so I had a quarrel with him.To my great ⁠, he should blame me rather than himself for his bad result.His behavior was really ⁠.(disappoint) guilty ashamed disappointed disappointment disappointing 8. The man insisted that he was ⁠ and that he was as straight as an arrow.Anyone who doubted his ⁠ was wrong.(innocent) 9. ⁠ is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.It is also a virtue to ⁠ and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.(forgive) innocent innocence Forgiveness forgive 10. The failure in the English contest ⁠ my brother. What’s worse, he felt ⁠ in other subjects.In order to help him regain his ⁠ and get relaxed, my parents and I all ⁠ him to take a trip.(courage) discouraged discouraged courage encouraged Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. He left school early, determined to (成功立 业,发财).  2. He walked from the court (和他的妻 子臂挽着臂).  3. To quit a job never means to ⁠ (和你的老朋友失去联系).  make his fortune arm in arm with his wife lose contact with your old friends 4. Put your hands in the air; you’re ⁠ (因违法被逮捕).  5. He’d spend the rest of his life (任陌 生人处置).  6. No matter how often they (露面,到达), their welcome never wears out.  7. The city will (拆除这个最高的 建筑物) and create a park there.  8. Some doctors advise (留出大约一 个小时) each day for walking.  under arrest for breaking the law at the mercy of strangers turn up tear down the tallest building setting aside about an hour Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 他们通常只用手遮住眼睛,身体的其余部分暴露在外。(分词短 语作状语) They often cover only their eyes with their hands, ⁠ .⁠ leaving the rest of their bodies exposed 2. 座位很不舒服,只有睡得很沉的人才能设法得到休息。 (so...that...) The seats were ⁠ only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any rest.  ⁠ so uncomfortable that 4. 他不是在玩电脑游戏,而是在吃巧克力。(not...but...) He is ⁠.  5. 沿途全是大树。如果累了我们可以在树荫处休息。(倒装) ⁠.We can relax in the shade if we’re tired.  not playing computer games but eating chocolate Along the road are tall trees 3. 在那里,他不仅是一名好学生,而且还成了一名技艺高超的公众 演说家。(not only...but also...) There, he did well as a student ⁠ .⁠ not only but also became an accomplished public speaker 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业37　Unit 1　Honesty and responsibility Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.appointment n.约定,约会;任命,委任;职务→ vt.任命; 委派;安排→ adj.指定的,约定的 (1)make an appointment with sb.与某人约会 keep/break an appointment守/违约 (2)appoint sb. as/to be...任命某人为…… appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事 appoint appointed ①(2024·全国甲卷)People started queuing to make an ____________ (appoint) early in the morning. ②(译林选必四U1)I was at the ⁠ (appoint) place on time. When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the criminal wanted in Chicago. appointment appointed →After ⁠,Tom spared no effort to work for it.(动名词短语作宾语)  ④得知你已被任命为学生会主席,我真诚地祝贺你。(祝贺信) Learning that you ⁠ the Student Council,I sincerely congratulate you.  being appointed as manager of the firm have been appointed as/to be chairman of ③Tom was appointed as manager of the firm and he spared no effort to work for it. 2.worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等);重要的;令人愉快的→ adj.值得注意的;值得尊敬的→ adj. 有……价值; 值得 worthy worth ①Considering a distinctive scenic spot worth ⁠ (visit), Yangzhou, a friendly city, appeals to visitors from all over the world. ②Never throughout history has a man who lived a life of ease left a name worthy ⁠ (remember).  visiting to be remembered ③I wouldn’t think it worthwhile ⁠ (ask) him to join the club because he’ll only refuse.  asking/to ask ④ (读文学书是值 得的) because they can help us to know more about the society and life. ⑤这本参考书值得买,因为它对你的学习很有帮助。(推荐信) It’s worthwhile reading/to read literary books →The reference book ⁠, because it is helpful for your study.(worth)  →The reference book ⁠, because it is helpful for your study.(worthy)  → ⁠ the reference book, because it is helpful for your study.(worthwhile)  is worth buying is worthy to be bought/of being bought It is worthwhile buying/to buy [实战贴士]　worth一般只作表语,可用程度副词well修饰;而worthy 和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。 (1)suspect (that)... 怀疑…… suspect sb./sth. to be... 怀疑某人/某物是…… suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事 (2)be suspicious of/about doing sth.对……产生怀疑 3.suspect vi.& vt.疑有,觉得;怀疑,不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人,可疑对象→ ___________ adj.可疑的 suspicious →They suspected ⁠ state secrets.   →They were ⁠ state secrets.  ③What she said sounded convincing, but I suspect that it is a lie. →What she said sounded convincing, but I ___________________.⁠ him of betraying suspicious of/about his betraying suspect it to be a lie ①(人教选必二U1)Snow suspected ⁠ the water pump was to blame. ②They suspected that he betrayed state secrets. that (1)be ashamed of sb.为某人羞愧 be ashamed of oneself for doing...某人因做了……而感到羞愧 be ashamed to do...耻于做……;因做……而羞愧 (2)It’s a shame that...(should)...……是令人遗憾的事 4.ashamed adj.惭愧,羞愧,尴尬→ n.羞耻;羞愧;惭愧 → adj.可耻的;丢脸的;不体面的 shame shameful ②(外研必修一U2)If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and ⁠ (shame) behaviors the same? ③She was so ashamed of cheating in the test that she went and told the teacher. → ⁠, she went and told the teacher. (形容词短语作状语)  shameful Ashamed of cheating in the test ①That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s ⁠ shame I don’t have much use for it. a ④我是如此羞愧,以至于我感觉心如刀绞,眼泪模糊了我的双眼。 (心理描写) →I was ⁠ I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart,tears clouding my eyes.(so...that...句型)  → ⁠ I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart,tears clouding my eyes.(so...that...句型的倒装形式)  so ashamed that So ashamed was I that 原谅某人 (做)某事 forgive and forget不计前嫌 5.forgive vt.& vi. (forgave, forgiven)原谅,宽恕;免除(债 务)→ n.原谅,宽恕 forgiveness ①(剑桥词典)I don’t think she’s ever quite forgiven me ⁠ getting her name wrong that time. ②She is sympathetic and full of ⁠ (forgive). ③众所周知,不计前嫌是一种美德。(传统文化) for forgiveness As is known to us,it’s a virtue to ⁠.  ④Would you please forgive my coming so late? →Would you please ⁠ so late?  forgive and forget forgive me for coming 6.disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的→ n.[U]失 望;[C]令人失望的人或事物→ adj.令人失望的 → v.使失望 disappointment disappointing disappoint (1)be disappointed at/with/by sth.对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb.对某人感到失望 be disappointed that ...对……感到失望/沮丧 be disappointed to do sth.因做某事而失望 (2)(much) to one’s disappointment=to one’s (great) disappointment使 某人(非常)失望的是 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and ____________ (disappoint). disappointed ②(外研必修三U1)Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the ⁠ (disappoint) and anger of others. disappointment → ⁠ was that they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt. (what引导的主语从句)  →They failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt, ⁠ . (定语从句)  What made them disappointed/What disappointed them which made them disappointed/which disappointed them ③To their disappointment, they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt. ④当得知自己没有通过驾照考试的时候,大卫脸上满是失望的表 情。(神态描写) There was ⁠ on David’s face when he knew he didn’t pass the driving test.   a disappointed look 7.pretend vi.& vt.假装;装扮,扮作;自诩,自认为 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend ⁠ the rest of the place didn’t exist. ②(外研选必三U1)People who pretend ⁠ (be) someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.  that to be →She ⁠ when we met in the street,which really made me upset.(宾语从句)  →She ⁠ when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(不定式)  pretended (that) she didn’t know me pretended not to know me ③我在街上见到她时,她装作不认识我,这确实使我很伤心。(心理 描写) ④He pretended that he was reading a book when his mother came in. →He pretended ⁠ book when his mother came in.(动词不定式)  to be reading a [实战贴士]　和pretend用法类似(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还有happen,appear,seem,claim等及be said to结构。 [教材原句]　Hopefully,you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you,but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担,而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。 not...but...和not...but rather...都是“不是……而是……”的意思。但是but rather比but更强烈地表示与前分句的对比意味,rather起加强语气作用。 (1)not...but rather...连接两个平行成分,当连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数按“就近一致”原则确定。 (2)not only...but (also)...,either...or...,neither...nor...连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数按“就近一致”原则确定。 8.not...but rather...“不是……而是……” ①To be honest,voters sometimes feel annoyed,not because they hate voting, ⁠ because they are divided between emotion and fairness. but ②Not how much money you will give us but rather that you are present at the ceremony really ⁠ (matter). ③Not the story itself but what is reflected in the story counts. → ⁠ (强调句型)  matters It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1. (北师大选必一U1)I can’t even imagine going without social networking for a week—think of all the important ⁠ (appoint),invitations and news updates you would miss! 2. (外研选必一U5)Darwin suspected ⁠ the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. appointments that 3. (人教选必一U4)They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ⁠ (shame). 4. The book doesn’t pretend ⁠ (be) a great work of literature.  5. (外研必修一U6)Imagine mountains ⁠ (wrap) in silver water, shining in the spring sun. Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice. 6. (外研必修三U1) ⁠ (disappoint) by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend. ashamed to be wrapped Disappointed 7. (北师大选必一U1)Sometimes I set deadlines ⁠ myself:I will start doing my homework at 8 p.m.,and aim to finish in two hours. 8. (人教必修三U2)Since she had no children of her own, she left her ⁠ (save) to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors. 9. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel ___________ (discourage) at times. 10. (2022·全国乙卷)However, I didn’t give up and sought sought ⁠ ________(guide) from experienced photographers. for savings discouraged guidance Ⅱ.完成句子/一句多译——活用短语、句式 1. 我们携手努力,就会创造一个更美丽的世界。 ⁠ a more beautiful world.(祈使句+and+陈述句)  2. 看着那对老夫妇手挽着手沿着海滩散步,我有一种幸福的感 觉。(场景描写) ⁠ gives me a sense of happiness.   Make efforts hand in hand and we will create Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm 3. 当他父亲回来时,男孩把头埋在被子里,假装睡着了。(动作描写) The boy buried his head under the quilt, ⁠ ⁠ when his father came back.  4. 让老师感到快乐的不是权力、金钱或名声,而是学生的成就。 What made teachers feel happy ⁠ ⁠.(not...but rather...)  pretending to have fallen asleep was not power, money, or fame, but rather the accomplishments of their students 5. 这次旅行天天下雨,让我们大失所望。 → ⁠,it rained every day of the trip. (disappointment n.)  → ⁠ it rained every day of the trip. (disappoint v.)  To our great disappointment It disappointed us greatly that Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 A.adj.热衷的,渴望的 B.adj.喜爱　 C.adj.灵敏的,敏锐的 培优1　克服阅读障碍——一词多义 (1)As is known to all,dogs have a keen sense of smell._____ (2)Given that you are keen on the Chinese traditional festival,the Dragon Boat Festival,I am writing to introduce it to you in detail._____ (3)Hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey because they are keen to see rare birds at the destination.____ 1.keen A B C A.vt.裹,包 B.vt.用……缠绕(或围紧)　 C.n.包裹材料 (1)It was cold yesterday.He wrapped a scarf around his neck.____ (2)I’d like to wrap birthday presents in pretty paper._____ (3)We stock a wide range of cards and gift wrap._____ 2.wrap C A B A.v.阻止　 B.v.吸引,引起注意 (1)Energy experts predict that limited resources on the earth are running out,which arrests many people’s attention. _____ (2)The corporation has developed drugs used to arrest the spread of the disease.______ 3.arrest B A A.n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象　 B.adj.可疑的 C.vt.怀疑 (1)She strongly suspected he was lying to her. ______ (2)A policeman questioned the suspect and got the evidence._____ (3)Any suspect package will be checked by manual inspection._____ 4.suspect C A B 培优2　单元话题写作——值得尊敬和爱戴的人 　　根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 　　There are many respectable people around us. I saw the topic no sooner than I thought of my math teacher (加黑部分升级为no sooner 放在句首的倒装句①______________________________ ________________________).  No sooner did I see the topic than I thought of my math teacher 　　②__________________________________________________ _______(他50岁左右,中等身高,总是面带微笑;现在分词作状语). ③___________________________________________________ ________ (我最尊敬他的原因有两点;why引导定语从句).For one thing,④_________________________________________(我不可能在数学方面取得如此大的进步;虚拟语气) without his patient and significant assistance. He is around fifty and of medium height,always wearing a smile The reason why I have the greatest respect for him lies in two respects I wouldn’t have made such great progress in math For another,⑤__________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ (他对事业的投入和对我们的关心,不仅让我感激,也让其他同学感激;强调句, not only...but also...).  　　⑥ (我如此幸运有这么一位老师;倒装) and so thankful am I to have the opportunity to convey my appreciation.  it’s his devotion to the career and consideration for us that earn not only my, but also other students’ gratitude So fortunate am I to have such a teacher 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　keen adj.渴望,热切,热衷于　burden n.(义务、责任等的)重担,负担　guilty adj.感到内疚的,感到惭愧的;有罪的,有过失的　ashamed adj.惭愧,羞愧,尴尬　disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的　mercy n.仁慈,宽恕→merciful adj.仁慈的　discouraged adj.灰心的　rejoice vi.& vt.非常高兴,深感欣喜 [动作描写]　forgive vt.& vi.原谅,宽恕　cheat vt.欺骗,蒙骗vi.作弊,舞弊　bow vi.鞠躬　embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受;包含;拥抱 美句 1.In the doorway of a store stood a man,with an unlit cigar in his mouth.(外貌描写) 2.Honoured guests,teachers and students,it is my pleasure and privilege to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion.(演讲稿的开头) 3.This way,you practise the virtue of courage. Always give your best in whatever you set out to do,however difficult that might be. This way,you practise the virtue of determination. Be honest by saying what you mean and by meaning what you say. This way,you practise the virtue of integrity.(排比) Step 2　语料运用【人物介绍】   李平是一名大学生,热衷于摄影,他报名参加了这门课程。由于来自山区,他努力学习,试图获得奖学金,以减轻家庭的经济负担。为了获得奖学金,他在考试中作弊了。他感到内疚,也非常后悔。 　 Li Ping,a college student,was keen on photography and signed up for the course. He came from the mountainous area so he studied hard ①____________________ ___________________________________ ___________(现在分词作状语).②______ ________________________________(动词不定式作状语).Then he felt guilty and full of regret. trying to earn the scholarship to relieve the financial burden of his family To get the scholarship,he cheated in the exam 他甚至睡不着觉。最后,他决定把真相告诉老师。他一走进办公室,就向老师鞠了一躬,说道:“我为我的所作所为感到羞耻,我只是……请原谅我。”接着眼泪涌了出来。仁慈的老师理解他并且原谅了他,紧紧地拥抱了他! He even couldn’t fall asleep. At last,he determined to tell his teacher the truth.③ _______________________________(the moment 引导时间状语从句), he bowed to his teacher,saying “④________________ ________(宾语从句); I only...please forgive me.”Then his tears were welling up in his eyes. The merciful teacher understood him and forgave him,⑤___________________ (现在分词作状语)!  The moment he came into the office I am ashamed of what I did embracing him tightly 语料积累 【动作细节描写:动“手臂”】 词块 wave one’s arms挥动双臂;fold one’s arms某人双臂交叉;hold out/open one’s arms某人伸出/张开双臂;gather sb. in one’s arms把某人抱在怀中;put/throw one’s arms around sb.搂住某人; take one’s arm挽住某人的胳膊;catch/grab one’s arm抓住某人的胳膊;keep sb. at arm’s length与某人保持距离;with crossed arms双臂交叉;with open arms张开双臂(欢迎) 句型 He ran to the door, waving his arms.(分词短语作状语) 他挥动着双臂朝门跑去。 She stood there with her arms crossed/folded, looking very angry.(with 复合结构) 她站在那里,双臂交叉,看上去很生气。 He held out/opened his arms, smiling. 他微笑着伸出/张开双臂。 She turned around, trying to keep him at arm’s length. (分词短语作状语) 她转过身,竭力和他保持一定的距离。 He had to approach her and reached out a hand to catch/grab her left arm. 他只得走近她,伸出一只手抓住她的左胳膊。 课时作业37　Unit 1　Honesty and responsibility Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A 　　(2024·福建福州第一次质检)Jill Wheatley was a PE teacher in Germany.On the weekends, she competed in marathons around Europe.But life threw her a near deadly blow.While teaching a PE class,she was hit on the head with a baseball.The impact was so great that it left her with a brain injury and 70 percent vision loss, permanently blinding her in one eye.She spent 26 months in seven different hospitals,at times wishing it would just all end. Desperately,Wheatley set out to find comfort and healing (治疗) in nature.She travelled to Nepal where a friend convinced her to run in the Annapurna 100 with him.The power from that race changed her life and eventually had her look up at the tops of the mountains.Project Vision 8000 was born.And she began her mission to stand on the top of the world’s 14 highest mountains,towering 8,000 meters above sea level,to show herself and others the power of the choice and possibility. Colors and touch help guide her on the mountain and she has never once felt too tired to carry on.“The only constant thing is change,so when the weather gets really bad or a storm is coming in,I know it is going to pass.” So far,she’s had few problems standing among giants,but she admits she continues to struggle with overcoming the “mountains of her mind”.Having already stared death in the face,Wheatley has great respect for the mountains and the mission she is on.But she’s not scared.The experience almost claimed her life,but it is now the driving force and fuel behind her success.At every icy peak,she smiles and takes a quick video with a breathless “So very thankful” whispered into the thin air. 　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了德国的一名体育教师Wheatley在经历一次意外事故遭受打击之后,重塑积极人生态度的故事。 1 2 3 4 1.What happened to Wheatley according to paragraph 1?(　　) A.She came last in a race. B.She suffered a head injury. C.She lost her sight completely. D.She was attacked on purpose in a class. B 解析:细节理解题。 根据第一段的“While teaching a PE class,she was hit on the head with a baseball...blinding her in one eye.”可知,Wheatley在给学生上体育课时,被一只棒球击中了头部,这致使她脑部损伤和一只眼睛永久失明。故选B项。A项“她在赛跑中位列最后”,B项“她遭受头部损伤”,C项“她完全失明”,D项“她在课堂上被有意攻击”。 2.What drove Wheatley to launch Project Vision 8000?(　　) A.Her exploration of nature. B.Her friend’s timely suggestions. C.Her strong love for sports. D.Her participation in the Annapurna 100. 1 2 3 4 D 解析:细节理解题。 根据第二段的“She travelled to Nepal where a friend convinced her...Project Vision 8000 was born.”可知,她到尼泊尔旅行,在那里一个朋友说服她与他一起参加Annapurna 100比赛,来自比赛的力量改变了她的生活,最终让她屹立在群山之巅眺望,这促使Wheatley创立了Project Vision 8000项目。故选D项。A项“她对自然的探索”,B项“她朋友及时的建议”,C项“她对体育的挚爱”,D项“她参加Annapurna 100比赛”。 1 2 3 4 3.What can we learn about Wheatley from the last paragraph?(　　) A.Her attitude toward adversity was reshaped. B.She was used to poor weather conditions. C.She ignored the mountains of her mind. D.Her nature helped her overcome fear. 1 2 3 4 A 1 2 3 4 解析:推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“The only constant thing... going to pass.”, “Having already stared death...she’s not scared.”和“The experience...but it is now the driving force and fuel behind her success.”可知,Wheatley意识到唯一不变的事物就是变化,当天气真的不好或者暴风雨要来时,她知道这会马上过去的;直面死亡后,她对群山和她的使命表示敬意;这段经历险些要了她的命,但现在却是她成功背后的推动力。由此我们可以看出,Wheatley对待逆境的态度已经发生了改变。故选A项。A项“她对待逆境的态度得以重塑”,B项“她习惯于恶劣的天气环境”,C项“她忽略自己内心的压力”,D项“她的天性帮助她战胜了恐惧”。 4.What could be the best title for the text?(　　) A.Every Peak Is Within Reach B.Lose Sight to Gain Vision C.Actions Speak Louder than Words D.Nature Will Take Its Course 1 2 3 4 B 解析:标题归纳题。文章讲述了德国的一名体育教师Wheatley在一只眼意外失明后,创立了Project Vision 8000项目的故事。该项目的使命是激励自己克服困难,挑战自然和自我,站在世界最高峰,并向世人展示人生中选择的力量和可能性。尽管Wheatley失明,她却能够积极地面对挫折,站在山巅,看得更远。由此可归纳出文章最佳标题是“失去视力获得了视野”,故选B项。A项“每一座山峰都唾手可及”,C项“行动胜于语言”,D项“顺其自然”。 1 2 3 4 B 　　(2024·江西南昌一模)“Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never harm me.” This is an old saying my fourth-grade teacher once told me.I grew up thinking as long as people didn’t physically hurt each other,hurtful words were to be tolerated,but I changed my mind after reading Linda O’Connell’s story,Two Little Words with a Big Impact.She discussed two words:“and” and “but”, and explained how “but” can be one of the most destructive words. Then I realized I had been hurt by the word “but”,and that I had wounded others,too,by using the word thoughtlessly.For example,when I was a teacher and edited my students’ stories,I would always say their content was good,but then I would add comments such as “but you need to make your characters more realistic”. I could have said,“Your content is good and making your characters more believable will make it even better.” In setting up guidelines for commenting on writers,I realize we need to praise each other,make helpful remarks,and then praise each other again,without using the word “but”.I remember a college professor who said,“There is no such thing as constructive criticism.Criticism is criticism.” She has now passed away,but her words remain with me always. My fourth-grade teacher’s quote was aimed at what she thought was harmless playground teasing,but even teasing hurts.Today,we can read sad news related to many stories where people have been terribly hurt by ugly words and suffered a lot.Now I realize the importance of thinking before speaking,even to avoid seemingly unimportant words like “but”.Sticks and stones break our bones,but thoughtless words also do harm.They can leave marks for a lifetime. 　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者由自身经历及思考总结出了“说话前要多思考”的道理。 5.What changed the author’s attitude to hurtful words?(　　) A.A teacher’s advice. B.His personal experience. C.A college professor’s words. D.A story by Linda O’Connell. 5 6 7 8 D 解析:细节理解题。由第一段中的“I changed my mind after reading Linda O’Connell’s story”可知,作者因Linda O’Connell的故事而改变了对伤害性语言的态度,故选D项。 6.What message does the example in paragraph 2 convey?(　　) A.The author used “but” too often. B.The author could tolerate criticism. C.The misuse of “but” can hurt others. D.Realistic characters are needed in writing. 5 6 7 8 C 解析:推理判断题。第二段第一句提到作者意识到,自己曾被“但是”一词伤害到,而且自己也曾草率地用这个词伤害到了别人。接下来作者讲述了自己在给学生批阅文章时经常使用“但是”一词的经历,所以这一例子是用来说明but一词的错误使用会给他人造成伤害。故选C项。 7.Which words can best describe the author?(　　) A.Honest and warm-hearted. B.Devoted and cooperative. C.Optimistic and open-minded. D.Caring and self-reflective. 5 6 7 8 D 解析:推理判断题。由第二、三段以及最后一段中的“Now I realize the importance of thinking before speaking”可知,作者从自身经历中意识到使用错误的语言会对他人造成伤害,以及说话前思考的重要性。由此可见,作者关心他人且善于自我反思。故选D项。A项“诚实且热心的”;B项“忠诚且配合的”;C项“积极且思想开明的”;D项“关心他人且自我反思的”。 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 8.What is the text mainly about?(　　) A.The benefits of learning from mistakes. B.The long-lasting effect of hurtful words. C.The importance of using words thoughtfully. D.The difference between physical and emotional harm. C 解析:主旨大意题。作者通过自己错误使用“但是”一词的经历,思考并总结出说话前要深思熟虑的道理,同时告诉人们错误的语言也会像“棍子和石头”一样带来伤害。由此可见,文章主要说明了谨慎使用语言的重要性。故选C项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分) 　　(2024·安徽合肥教学质检一)Abigail Adjiri took part in a competition for kids aged 7 through 12. She, at only 7, has taken Ghana by 　1　, winning over viewers with her impressive dance moves. It’s not 　2　 for most people to become skilled dancers, especially for little Abigail who is 　3　.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 Abigail has been trained to 　4　 the vibrations (震动) she feels with her feet, 　5　 listening to the beat of songs. Her precise calculations have allowed her to 　6　 impressive moves. Still, Abigail’s mom was 　7　 about the fact that their goal was to get the 7-year-old a hearing aid—but they needed 　8　. They made this known on Onua Showtime with McBrown,a talk show in Ghana.  A woman named Joyce,who heard little Abigail’s story,was 　9　 to come to her assistance. After reaching McBrown, she was able to 　10　 $5,000 for the hearing aid and $400 for insurance so that it can be replaced or 　11　, if needed.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 As you can imagine, Abigail and her mom were 　12　. In fact, the two of them returned to McBrown’s show where the 7-year-old happily showed off her new 　13　, with the help of which little Abigail answered questions from McBrown. The pure joy on Abigail’s face is absolutely 　14　. Folks like Joyce truly serve as a 　15　that there is more good in the world than we realize at times.  　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了耳聋的小女孩Abigail在舞蹈比赛中,以她独特出彩的舞姿赢得了观众的青睐,并在此后通过一场脱口秀获得善良的Joyce捐赠的助听器的故事。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 1.A.name 　　 B.reputation C.design D.storm 答案:D 解析:根据下文的“winning over viewers with her impressive dance moves”可知,此处是说7岁的小女孩Abigail在这场舞蹈比赛中的令人印象深刻的舞蹈动作在加纳引起了极大轰动。take sth. by storm 意为“在某处大获成功”,符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 2.A.fair B.easy C.surprising D.secret 答案:B 解析:根据下文的“for most people to become skilled dancers, especially for little Abigail”可知,此处是指成为一个好的舞者不是一件容易的事。easy意为“容易的”,符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 3.A.one-armed B.bow-legged C.deaf D.blind 答案:C 解析:根据下文的“Abigail’s mom was 　7　 about the fact that their goal was to get the 7-year-old a hearing aid”可知,Abigail是一个耳聋的人。deaf意为“聋的”,符合语境。one-armed独臂的;bow-legged罗圈腿的;blind失明的。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 4.A.resist B.interrupt C.adjust D.match 答案:D 解析:根据下文的“the vibrations she feels with her feet”可知,此处是说老师训练Abigail用脚感知震动来做出与之匹配的舞蹈动作。match意为“匹配”,符合语境。resist抵制;interrupt打断;adjust调节。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 5.A.rather than B.thanks to C.regardless of D.apart from 答案:A 解析:根据下文的“listening to the beat of songs”和上文提到的Abigail用脚感知震动来做出与之匹配的舞蹈动作可知,此处点明她不是靠听音乐的节拍而是靠脚底的震动来感受节拍的。rather than意为“而不是”,符合语境。thanks to多亏了;regardless of无论;apart from除了。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 6.A.pull off B.slow down C.look into D.refer to 答案:A 解析:根据上文的“Her precise calculations have allowed her to”可知,她的精确计算能力协助她最终完成这一系列出彩的舞蹈动作。pull off意为“成功完成(困难的事)”,符合语境。slow down减慢;look into调查;refer to参考,提及。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 7.A.curious B.hesitant C.nervous D.frank 答案:D 解析:根据下文的“They made this known on Onua Showtime with McBrown, a talk show in Ghana.”可知,此处是说Abigail的母亲坦言她们对于助听器的需求。frank意为“直言不讳的”,符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 8.A.trust B.luck C.help D.courage 答案:C 解析:根据下文的“A woman named Joyce, who heard little Abigail’s story, was 　9　 to come to her assistance.”可知,此处是指她们需要别人的帮助。help 意为“帮助”,符合语境。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 9.A.touched B.amused C.grateful D.brave 答案:A 解析:根据上文7岁的Abigail虽然耳聋且没有助听器,却靠自己的方法努力训练,最终凭借出彩的舞姿赢得观众的青睐可知,Joyce是被她的故事感动,于是决定帮助她们。touched意为“感动的”,符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 10.A.save B.donate C.invest D.make 答案:B 解析:根据上文的“come to her assistance”和下文的“$5,000 for the hearing aid and $400 for insurance”可知,通过联系脱口秀的主持人McBrown,Joyce捐赠了5,000美元用于购买助听器,400美元来购买相关的保险。donate意为“捐赠”,符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 11.A.repaired B.damaged C.abandoned D.shared 答案:A 解析:根据上文“and $400 for insurance so that it can be replaced”可知,保险用于助听器的更换和维修。repair意为“维修”,符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 12.A.on the go B.over the moon C.under a cloud D.at a loss 答案:B 解析:根据常识可知,在受到Joyce的帮助之后,母女俩肯定是非常高兴的。over the moon意为“兴高采烈;欣喜若狂”,符合语境。on the go忙碌;under a cloud不被信任,被怀疑;at a loss不知所措。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 13.A.dance B.song C.award D.device 答案:D 解析:根据上文的“　10　 $5,000 for the hearing aid”和下文的“with the help of which little Abigail answered questions from McBrown”可知,Abigail在节目里炫耀自己的新助听器,下文的which指代她的助听器,也就是设备。device意为“设备”,符合语境。dance舞蹈;song歌曲;award奖励。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 14.A.awkward B.pointless C.priceless D.beneficial 答案:C 解析:根据上文的“The pure joy on Abigail’s face is absolutely”可知,此处是说Abigail脸上的纯真笑容是无价的。priceless意为“无价的”,符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 15.A.solution B.reminder C.warning D.discovery 答案:B 解析:根据下文的“that there is more good in the world than we realize at times”可知,此处是指像Joyce这样的人提醒着我们:这个世界存在的美好有时候比我们意识到的还要多。reminder意为“提醒”,符合语境。 二次精读——溯原文,积语料,提素养 A篇 核 心 单 词 Para.1:compete v.参加比赛　deadly adj.致命的　impact n.冲击;影响　permanently adv.永久地 Para.2:convince v.说服　eventually adv.最后;终于　mission n.任务;使命 Para.3:constant adj.不变的;固定的　overcome v.战胜;克服　claim v.夺走,夺去(生命) 派生 词汇 Para.1:injury n.损伤;伤害→injure v.使受伤;伤害→injured adj.受伤的;有伤的 Para.2:possibility n.可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能 Para.3:breathless adj.气喘吁吁的→breath n.一次吸入的空气→breathe v.呼吸 熟词 生义 Para.2:tower常用义:n.塔楼;塔台　文章义:v.高耸;屹立 核心 短语 Para.2:set out to do sth.开始做某事 Para.3:carry on继续　have respect for...尊敬…… B篇 核心单词 Para.1:tolerate v.容忍 Para.2:character n.(书籍、戏剧或电影中的)人物,角色;文字;特色　realistic adj.现实主义的,写实的 Para.3:constructive adj.建设性的,有益的,积极的　criticism n.批评 派生词汇 Para.1:destructive adj.毁灭性的→destroy v.破坏 核心短语 Para.1:change one’s mind改变决定(或看法、主意等) Para.3:make remarks发表评论　pass away去世 $$