必修3 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版）

必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 主题语境　科学家 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 1.republic n.　　　　　共和国,共和政体 2.malaria n. 疟疾 3.deadly adj. 致命的;十足的,彻底的 4.survival n. 生存,存活;残存物,幸存事物 survive vi.& vt. 生存;幸存,幸免于难 survivor n. 幸存者 背诵默写本 5.province n. 省,省份 6.broad adj. 广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的 broadly adv. 广泛地 broaden vt.& vi. (使)变宽,扩大……的范围 7.intend vt.& vi. 想要,计划;意指 intention n. 目的;意图;打算 8.extract n. 提取物;选录 vt. 提取;选录;取出;设法得到 9.herb n. 药草,香草;草本 10.experiment n. 实验,试验;尝试,实践 vi. 做试验,进行实验;尝试 11.trial n. 试用,试验;审讯,审判;考验 vi.& vt. 测试,试验 12.limited adj. 有限的 limit n.& vt. 限制 limitation n. 限制;局限;极限 13.household adj. 家庭的,家用的,家务的 n. 一家人,家庭 14.container n. 容器;集装箱,货柜 contain vt. 包含,含有;容纳 15.postpone vt. 延迟,延期 16.sufficient adj. 足够的,充足的 sufficiency n. 充足,足量 sufficiently adv. 充分地,最大限度地 17.data n. 数据,资料,材料 18.error n. 错误,差错 19.wisdom n. 智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智 wise adj. 明智的,英明的,充满智慧的 wisely adv. 明智地,英明地 20.beneficial adj. 有益的,有用的 benefit n. 益处 vt. 对……有益处 vi. 得益于 21.conduct vt.& vi. 组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止 conductor n. 指挥;售票员;导体 22.illustrate vt. 说明,解释;加插图于 illustration n. 图解,图示 23.penicillin n. 青霉素,盘尼西林 24.mould (AmE mold) n. 霉菌;模具;类型 vt. 浇铸;塑造 25.bacteria n.(sing.bacterium) 细菌 26.surround vt. 围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 周围的环境 27.indicate vt. 表明;暗示;提及;指出 indication n. 表明;暗示 indicator n. 指示物,标志;指示器 28.accident n. 意外,偶然的事;事故,意外遭遇 accidental adj. 意外的;偶然的 29.intelligent adj. 有才智的,聪明的;有智力的 intelligence n. 才智 30.favour (AmE favor) vt. 较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 n. 帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒 favourable adj. 赞同的,支持的;有利的 favourite adj. 特别受喜爱的 ask/do sb.a favour请某人帮忙/帮某人一个忙 owe sb.a favour欠某人一个人情 in sb’.s favour对某人有利 31.politician n. 政治家,从政者;投机钻营者 politics n. 政治(学) political adj. 政治的 32.lightning n. 闪电 33.electricity n. 电,电能 34.theory n. 学说,论;原理;看法,意见 35.thunderstorm n. 雷雨,雷暴 36.ribbon n. 带子,丝带;带状物 37.metal n. 金属 38.charge vt.& vi. 充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n. 收费;控告;谴责;掌管 39.electric adj. 电的,发电的,电动的 40.bang n. 突然的巨响;猛敲,猛击 vi.& vt. 砸;砰地关上;猛摔;碰撞 41.standout adj. 突出的 n. 突出的人(或物) 42.atomic adj. 原子能的;原子的 43.bomb n. 炸弹;核武器 vt. 轰炸 44.evil n. 罪恶,罪行;害处,坏处 adj. 恶毒的;有害的;恶魔的 45.involve vt. 包含;牵涉,影响;(使)参加 involved adj. 有关的;卷入的;复杂的 involvement n. 参与,加入,卷入 46.scientific adj. 科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的 science n. 科学 scientist n. 科学家 47.credit n. 赞扬,认可;信用 vt. 存入金额;把……归于 48.moral adj. 道德的;道义上的;品行端正的 n. 品行,道德;寓意 immoral adj. 不道德的 49.apply vt.& vi. 应用;申请;涂;有关 application n. 应用,运用;申请;涂抹,敷用 applicant n. 申请人 apply to a university向大学提出申请 apply (to...) for a job (向……)申请工作 apply to do sth.申请做某事 apply sth.to...把某物应用到…… apply oneself to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事 50.negate vt. 取消,使无效;否认,否定 51.intellectual adj. 脑力的;有才智的,智力发达的 n. 知识分子,脑力劳动者 52.mystery n. 神秘;神秘的人(或事物);悬疑作品 mysterious adj. 神秘的 53.ignorance n. 无知 ignorant adj. 不了解的,无知的;无礼的 ignore vt. 忽视;不理睬 54.freedom n. 自由 free adj. 自由的;免费的 freely adv. 自由地 55.authority n. 权威,权力;官方 56.permit vt.& vi. 允许,准许,许可;使有可能 n. 许可证 permission n. 准许,许可;许可证 57.responsibility n. 责任,负责;职责,义务 responsible adj. 负责的 58.declare vt. 表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报 declaration n. 声明,宣布;公告,宣言 59.nationality n. 国籍;民族 national adj. 国家的;全国的;民族的 nation n. 国家;民族 60.evolution n. 进化;演变,发展 evolve vi.& vt. 进化;(使)逐步发展,(使)逐步演变 61.publish vt. 出版,发行;发表;公布 62.marriage n. 结婚,婚姻;已婚状态 marry v. 结婚 ◆背核心短语 1.refer to查阅,参考;提到,谈及 2.speed up (使)加速 3.pay off成功,奏效,达到目的 4.through trial and error反复试验 5.by accident偶然,意外地 6.with a bang很成功;引人注目,有强烈影响 7.let sb.down使某人失望 8.as to关于,至于 9.take it for granted想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然 10.put forward提出,提议,建议 11.show off显示,展示;炫耀,卖弄 ◆背单元语块 1.acquire a broad knowledge获得了广泛的知识 2.find a cure for the disease找到治疗这种疾病的方法 3.find solutions to the problem找到解决问题的办法 4.explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine探索中医这座宝库 5.put another way换言之 6.devote oneself to science投身于科学 7.the fruit of freedom of thought思想自由的成果 1.动词不定式作后置定语 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize,awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria,one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献,疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 2.过去分词短语作状语 Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water,Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载,古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物,受此启发,屠呦呦重新设计了实验,为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分,她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。 3.It was not until...that...强调句型 However,it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu,after many failed experiments. 然而,直到20世纪70年代,屠呦呦才在多次实验失败之后发现了青蒿素。 4.含蓄虚拟条件句 Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine,Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. 如果没有她丰富的中西医知识,屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。 5.it作形式宾语 Now,we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 现在,我们科学家理所当然地认为,人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 板块二　默写练习 第一组　核心单词 1. the People’s of China中华人民共和国 2. a disease致命的疾病 3. born in Ningbo, Zhejiang 出生在浙江省宁波 4. make hundreds of from different 从不同的 草药中获取数百种提取物 5. redesign the 重新设计实验 Republic deadly Province extracts herbs experiments 6. large 大规模试验 7. products家用产品 8. delivery推迟交货 9. safety 安全数据 10. make an 出差错 11. bomb原子弹 12. influence恶劣影响 13. to the of science归功于科学 trials household postpone data error atomic evil credit 14. the choice道德选择 15. the enjoyment智力的享受 16. a strong struggle against 对抗权威的强硬斗争 17. one’s right to vote剥夺某人的选举权 18. works出版的作品 moral intellectual authority negate published 第二组　拓展词汇 1. adj.致命的;十足的,彻底的→ adj.死的 → n. 死,死亡;死亡状态→ v. 死亡 2. adj.广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的 → vt.& vi.扩大……的范围,(使)变宽 3. vt.& vi.想要,计划;意指→ adj.(为……)打 算的→ n. 意图;目的;打算 deadly dead death die broad broaden intend intended intention 4. n.试用,试验;审讯,审判;考验vi.& vt.测试,试验→ ⁠ vt.& vi.尝试 5. adj.有限的→ n. 限度,限制;限量,限额;界限 vt.限制,限定;限量,减量 6. n. 容器;集装箱,货柜→ vt.包含, 含有;容纳 7. vt.& vi.组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止→ ⁠ n. (管弦乐队、合唱队等的)指挥;(公共汽车的)售票员;导体 trial try limited limit container contain conduct conductor 8. vt.说明,解释;加插图于→ n. 图解;示 例;图表,插图 9. vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关 → adj.周围的,附近的→ n. 周围, 环境 10. vt.表明;暗示;提及;指出→ n. 表明; 显示 illustrate illustration surround surrounding surroundings indicate indication 11. adj.有才智的,聪明的;有智力的→ n. 才智,智力 12. vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒 → adj.特别受喜爱的n.特别喜爱的人(或事物) 13. vt.& vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充 满n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管→ n. 充电器 14. n. 电,电能→ adj.电的,发电的,电动 的n.供电→ adj.电的,发电的,用电的 intelligent intelligence favo(u)r favo(u)rite charge charger electricity electric electrical 15. vt.包含;牵涉,影响;(使)参加→ n. 参与,加入;投入 16. adj.科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的→ n. 科学→ n. 科学家 17. vt.& vi.应用;申请;涂;有关→ n. 应用, 运用;申请;涂抹,敷用→ n. 申请人 18. vt.取消,使无效;否认,否定→ adj.否定的;消极的,负面的;坏的,有害的 involve involvement scientific science scientist apply application applicant negate negative 19. n. 无知→ vt.忽视;不理睬 → adj.无知的,不了解的,愚昧的 20. n. 自由→ adj.自由的;免费的 21. vt.& vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能n.许可证 → n. 准许,许可;许可证 22. vt.表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报→ n. 公告,宣告,宣言;声明(书) 23. n. 结婚,婚姻;已婚状态→ v. 结婚,嫁,娶 ignorance ignore ignorant freedom free permit permission declare declaration marriage marry 第三组　重点短语 1. 查阅,参考;提到,谈及 2. (使)加速 3. 成功,奏效,达到目的 4. 偶然,意外地 5. 显示,展示;炫耀,卖弄 6. 使某人失望 7. 关于,至于 8. 提出,提议,建议 refer to speed up pay off by accident show off let sb.down as to put forward 第四组　课文佳句 1. Tu Youyou has become ⁠ ⁠, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria,one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她 获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献,疟疾是人类历史上最致 命的疾病之一。 the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize 2. ⁠ ⁠, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载,古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物,受 此启发,屠呦呦重新设计了实验,为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分, 她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。 Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water 3. However , ⁠ Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu,after many failed experiments. 然而,直到20世纪70年代,屠呦呦才在多次实验失败之后发现了青 蒿素。 it was not until the 1970s that 4. Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine , Tu ⁠ qinghaosu. 如果没有她丰富的中西医知识,屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青 蒿素。 might never have discovered 5. Now,we scientists ⁠ it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 如今,我们科学家理所当然地认为,生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 take it for granted that 板块三　语基自测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. (2024·浙江1月卷)The last time I used a phone box for its ⁠ (intend) purpose was...2006. 2. (2024·北京卷)This time around, I can accept my ⁠ (limit) but keep going. 3. (外研必修一U1)As a member of the school volleyball team, I wasn’t selected the end-of-year competition. intended limitations for 4. (外研选必四U5)When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches, the remaining Maya people were living in small ⁠ (settle). 5. (外研必修二U1)But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of ⁠ (marry) to my mother. 6. (外研必修三U2)The family later took British ⁠ (national).On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. settlements marriage nationality 7. Even if you have a ⁠, I won’t allow you to enter the hall without my ⁠. (permit) 8. I want to be a to discover a ⁠ breakthrough to save people’s lives.(science) 9. You should behave ⁠, and everyone needs to take ⁠ for their actions.(responsible) 10. Any ⁠ who would like to become an assistant in our company should send us an ⁠ before Friday.(apply) permit permission scientist scientific responsibly responsibility applicant application Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. You notice that your breathing (加速) a bit. 2. I believe that hard work and determination are sure to ⁠ (奏效). 3. Middle school students often (查阅字 典) when they meet with new words. 4. No one has come up with a definitive answer (关于) why this should be so. has speeded up pay off refer to the dictionary as to 5. All of you present are welcome to (提 出你的观点). 6. During the experiment, she discovered the problem ⁠ (偶然). 7. The school year started off (很成功) when I was named class president. 8. If you still keep silent, I will (认为……是 理所当然) that you imply agreement. put forward your views by accident with a bang take it for granted Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 该税于2016年4月首次被宣布,旨在减少儿童肥胖。(过去分词短 语作状语) ⁠ in April, 2016, the tax was aimed at reducing childhood obesity. 2. 正是他勇敢的心和坚定的信念能够让不寻常的事情发生。(强 调句型) ⁠ could make something unusual happen. First announced It was his brave heart and strong faith that 3. 如果你早点儿到那儿,你就会遇到李先生了。(虚拟语气) If you had got there earlier, you ⁠ Mr.Li. 4. 她的作品很有感染力。这不是因为她的论据的质量,而是因为 她的文笔优美。(not...but...) Her works are infectious.This is ⁠ the quality of her arguments, ⁠ the beauty of her writing. would have come across not because of but because of 5. 澳大利亚有这么多的危险动物,你也许会认为在这里居住或到 这里游览很不安全。(不定式作定语) You might think that with all these dangerous animals ⁠ ⁠. Australia is an unsafe place to live in or visit 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 23 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (一) 课时作业 24 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (二) 写作规范练 (三) Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1. intend vt.& vi.计划,想要,打算;意指→ n. 意图;目 的;打算→ adj.意欲达到的;打算的→ adv. 无意地 (1)intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth.打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth. (＝intended to have done sth.)本打算做某事 (但事实上没做) (2)be intended for/to do sth.旨在,预定……用途;为……打算(或设 计)的 (3)with the intention of抱有……的目的;打算…… intention intended unintentionally ①(剑桥词典)He’s full of good ⁠ (intend), but he never does anything about them! ②(译林选必二U2)If someone makes a bad mistake which ⁠ (intend) harms their own interests,they are said to have scored an own goal. intentions unintentionally ③The book is intended for little children. It is popular with us. →The book ⁠ is popular with us. (定语从句) →The book is popular with us. (非谓 语动词) which/that is intended for little children intended for little children ④母亲让她的孩子们坐在一起,目的是考虑一下他们能做些什么 来帮助那个叫伯纳德的可怜男孩。 The mother asked her kids to sit together ⁠ ⁠ ⁠. (intention) [实战贴士]　intend用于过去完成时后接不定式to do时(即had intended to do sth.)表示“本打算做某事(实际却未做)”。有类似用 法的词还有want, hope, plan等。 with the intention of thinking about what they could do to help the poor boy called Bernard 2. pay off得到回报;成功,奏效,达到目的 pay off the debt还清债务 pay off the loan还清贷款 pay back偿还;回报;报答;报复 pay for支付……的钱;为……付出代价 ①The couple were happy to know that their son’s debt ⁠ ⁠ (pay) off. ②他突然大哭起来,求她原谅,并发誓偿还他偷的所有东西。(动作 描写) He burst into tears, begging her to forgive him and swearing to ⁠ he had stolen. ③屠(呦呦)和其团队的努力终于有了回报。 The efforts of Tu and her team finally ⁠. had been paid pay back everything paid off 3. surround vt.包围;围绕,环绕;与……紧密相关→ adj.周围的→ n. 周围的环境 surround...with...用……包围/围绕…… be surrounded by/with...被……包围 surrounding surroundings ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I chose to paint a landscape featuring a calm lake ⁠ (surround) by vibrant flowers and solemn trees. ②The tall building is our office building. It is surrounded by many trees. → ⁠ (定语从句) → ⁠ (过去分词短语作定语) surrounded The tall building which is surrounded by many trees is our office building. The tall building surrounded by many trees is our office building. ③这个湖被绿树环绕,非常漂亮。(环境描写) → ⁠ , and it is very beautiful. (并列结构) → , the lake is very beautiful. (动词-ed形式作状语) → , it is very beautiful. (独立主格结构) → ⁠ , it is very beautiful. (with复合结构) Green trees surround the lake Surrounded by green trees Green trees surrounding the lake With green trees surrounding the lake 4. indicate vt.表明;显示;象征;暗示;提及;指出→ n. 暗示;表示;预兆 indicate sth.(to sb.)(向某人)指出/暗示某事 indicate that/wh-clause表示……;示意…… indication ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any ⁠ (indicate), he may be right. ②The Chinese word for fish is “鱼” which sounds the same as “余”(surplus), representing plenty of food and wealth. →The Chinese word for fish is “鱼” which sounds the same as “余”(surplus), ⁠ plenty of food and wealth. indication indicating ③图片显示,一个小男孩正坐在桌子旁边专心读书。(调查报告) ________________________________________________________________ As is indicated in the picture,a boy is sitting at the table,absorbed in reading. 5. favour (AmE favor) vt.较喜欢;选择;有助于;偏袒 n. 帮助,好事; 恩惠;赞同;偏袒→ adj.赞同的,支持的;有利的;优惠 的 → n. 特别喜爱的东西 adj.最喜爱的,最喜欢的 favourable favourite ask sb. (for) a favour请某人帮忙 do sb. a favour＝do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙 owe sb. a favour欠某人一个人情 in favour of同意;支持;优先选择 in one’s favour有利于某人 ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my ⁠ (favor) spot to settle, Italy was the clear winner. ②我写这封信是想请你在即将到来的面试中帮助我。(求助信) I’m writing this letter , ⁠ ⁠. favorite asking you a favour with my coming interview ③我们真诚地希望您能帮我们一个忙,来指导我们如何表演这个 短剧。期待您的早日回复。(求助信) We sincerely hope ⁠ and come to guide us how to perform the short play.Looking forward to your early reply. you can do us a favour/do a favour for us 6. charge vt.& vi.收费;控告;充电;负责;谴责;使……承担责任;使充 满n.费用;掌管;控告;谴责;收费 (1)charge sb. for sth.为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb.with (doing) sth.控告某人(做)某事 (2)take charge of掌管/负责…… in charge of控制/管理…… in charge负责,掌管 in the charge of受……的管理;由……负责 free of charge＝for free免费 ①(外研必修三U5)They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man ⁠ charge, Captain Nemo. ②(北师大选必一U1)When it ⁠ (charge),she just spent hours reading about her favourite popstar;not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window. ③The company is in the charge of Tom while the boss is away. →Tom is ⁠ the company while the boss is away. in was charged in charge of ④上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨 论。(议论文) Last week we had a heated debate about ⁠ ⁠. whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge/for free 7. involve v. 包含;需要;牵涉,影响;涉及;使参加(卷入)……→ adj.有关的;卷入的;复杂的 involved (1)involve oneself in...参加…… involve doing...包括/需要做…… (2)be/get involved in参与;卷入;专注于…… ①(外研选必二U2)Although this could likewise involve ⁠ (put) aside money for your university education, it also means investing in yourself. ②(2024·北京卷)Since there are many factors ⁠ (involve) in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. putting involved ③所有师生都积极参加了这次越野赛跑。(新闻报道) →All the teachers and students ⁠ the cross-country running race.(involved) →All the teachers and students ⁠ the cross-country running race.(involve) got actively involved in involved themselves actively in 8. apply vt.& vi.申请;请求;应用;涂(油漆、乳剂);有关→ n. 申请书;申请→ n. 申请人 application applicant apply (to sb.) for sth.向(某人)申请某物 apply to (sb./sth.)申请;涉及 apply sth.to sth.把某物应用/涂抹于…… apply oneself to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事 ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile ⁠ (apply). ②(译林选必二U3)Acupuncture has also been applied ⁠ (treat) people who abuse alcohol,tobacco or drugs. application to treat ③(建议信)If you apply yourself to your study,you will pass your exam. → and you will pass your exam.(祈 使句) → , you will pass your exam.(现 在分词短语作状语) Apply yourself to your study Applying yourself to your study 9. permit vt.& vi.许可,允许,准许;使有可能 n. 许可证→ n. [U]允许,许可 (1)permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 permit doing sth.允许做某事 (2)without permission未经允许 permission ①(人教选必一U4)For example,in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted ⁠ (make) eye contact. ②In the lab,the students can’t touch electrical devices without the teacher’s ⁠ (permit). to make permission ③天气允许的话,将举办冬日远足活动,让我们接近大自然并提高 我们学生的健康意识。 → ⁠, a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students’ health awareness. (独立主格结构) → ⁠, a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students’ health awareness. (条件状语从句) [实战贴士]　与permit用法类似的动词还有：allow, forbid, advise, encourage。 Weather permitting If weather permits 10. declare vt.宣布,公布;表明,宣称;申报→ n. 宣 布;声明;宣言 declare sb./sth.to be宣布某人/某事为…… declare for/against表示赞成/反对 declare war (on)(向……)宣战 declare...open/closed宣布……开始/结束 declaration ①(人教选必四U1)She heard him declare ⁠ he did not want to leave her the next day,and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. ②The government has declared war ⁠ drug dealers. ③It ⁠ (declare) that the plane would not take off due to the bad weather. ④他们是于上周声明反对修建一座新桥的。 It was last week that they ⁠. that on was declared declared against building a new bridge 11. 不定式作后置定语 [教材原句]　Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize,awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria...屠呦呦成为中华人民共和 国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾 中做出的贡献…… (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有 the next,the only,the last等时,常用不定式作后置定语。 (2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多是抽象名词,常见的有 ability,chance,ambition,offer,anxiety,answer,reply,attempt,belief等。 ①Yang Liwei is not only the first Chinese ⁠ (go) to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. ②As far as I know,Amy was the only person ⁠ (witness) the car accident. ③(人教必修三U2)她很快成为北京协和医院妇产科的第一名女性 住院医师。(介绍人物) She immediately became ⁠ a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital! to go to witness the first woman ever to be hired as 12. it作形式宾语 [教材原句]　Now,we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.现在,我们科学家理所当然地 认为,人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 (1)在“take it for granted＋that从句”中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是 后面的that从句。 (2)与此类似用法的有：rely on/depend on/see to it＋that从 句;appreciate it＋if从句;like/hate it＋when从句。 ①A teacher shouldn’t take ⁠ for granted that every student has understood what he said in class. ②You can rely on my helping you when you are in trouble. → ⁠ I will help you when you are in trouble.(含有it作形式宾语的复合句) ③如果你能考虑我的邀请,我将不胜感激。(邀请信) ⁠ ⁠ it You can rely on it that I would appreciate it if you could take my invitation into consideration/account. Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1. (2023·全国乙卷)Four years later, she was the first African American woman (receive) a medical degree. 2. (2023·浙江1月卷)Citizens of higher social classes ⁠ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 3. (2023·天津卷)I am writing to apply ⁠ the Chinese workshop activity that is being organized by the school as part of promoting ultural exchange between China and the UK. to receive were permitted for 4. (2023·北京卷)I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through getting ⁠ (involve) in different activities by themselves. 5. The GPNP is intended (provide) stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. involved to provide 6. Many people in China have limited exposure ⁠ English.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it. 7. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow in ⁠ (experiment) using some common vegetables. 8. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive ⁠ (benefit) to the things you value. to experiments benefits 9. (北师大选必二U5)It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put ⁠ by the great philosopher Aristotle. 10. (外研选必二U6)For those animals that don’t adapt, the city can be a dangerous or even ⁠ (dead) place. forward deadly Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1. 约翰是第一个想到做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他 有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。 John was ⁠ to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability ⁠. the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard out of the difficulty 2. 我曾经理所当然地认为父母应该在我需要的时候给我钱,但那 时我觉得我有责任为家庭尽我的一份力。 I used to ⁠ whenever I needed it,but at that time ⁠ ⁠ for the family. take it for granted that parents should give me money I felt it my duty to do my part 3. 父亲退休后由儿子掌管公司。 →The son ⁠ the company after his father’s retirement.(take charge of) →The son ⁠ the company after his father’s retirement. (in charge of) →The company ⁠ after his father’s retirement.(in the charge of) →The company ⁠ after his father’s retirement. (in sb.’s charge) took charge of was in charge of was in the charge of the son was in the son’s charge 4. 设立这个项目的目的是帮助无家可归的人。 →The program was set up ⁠ ⁠. (intention) →The program, ⁠ , was set up.(intend) with the intention of helping the homeless (which was) intended to help the homeless Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——一词多义 (1)He studied hard before the examination, and it paid off.He made an A. ________ (2)Over 1, 000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes.________ (3)We paid off our mortgage after years of hard work.________ A.还清(债务)　 B .取得成功, 获得好的结果 C.解雇, 遣散 B C 1. pay off A (1)I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young man.________ (2)Why not refer to a dictionary to check the spelling of the word？________ (3)The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.________ A.查阅, 参考　 B.谈到,提及　 C.指的是 C 2. refer to A B (1)My friend went home, leaving me to conduct the band.________ (2)He conducted himself far better than expected.________ (3)Under the conduct of his teacher, he is not what he used to be.________ A. n.指导　 B. vt.表现　 C. vt.实施　 D. vt.带领　 E. vt.指导; 指挥 E B 3. conduct A (4)In addition to acquiring and testing a vehicle, the investigators decided to conduct a survey.________ (5)Having been conducted around the library, the visitors were shown the painting exhibition.________ A. n.指导　 B. vt.表现　 C. vt.实施　 D. vt.带领　 E. vt.指导; 指挥 C D 3. conduct (1)As for the problem you put forward in your last letter, I think it is a wise choice for you to buy a dictionary. ________ (2)I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I’ll put him forward as a candidate.________ A.将（钟表）向前拨　 B.推荐　 C.将……提前　 D.提出 D B 4. put forward (3)You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.________ (4)They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.________ A.将（钟表）向前拨　 B.推荐　 C.将……提前　 D.提出 A C 4. put forward 培优2　单元话题写作——人物介绍 根据提示, 运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Tu Youyou, ① ________________________________________________ _____________________ (第一位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国女性; 动词不定式作后置定语), was born in 1930. She discovered artemisinin, a drug that has reduced the death rates for ② ____________ ____________________________ (接触疟疾的病人; 过去分词作后置定语/who 引导的定语从句). the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine patients (who were) exposed to malaria After graduation, ③ _______________________________________ ________________________________ (她专心于研究传统中药) and wanted to find a cure for malaria. In her study process, though ④___________________ (失败了多次; 分词作状语), she never gave up.At last she put forward many advanced theories and ⑤ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________ (她的发现对传统中药的发展做 出了巨大贡献; 短语优先). she absorbed herself/was absorbed in studying traditional Chinese medicine defeated many times her discovery made a great contribution to the development of traditional Chinese medicine From her, I realize that only if one can do something successfully in life does it make sense. 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　evil n.罪恶,罪行;害处,坏处 adj.恶毒的;有害的 [动作描写]　surround vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关　let sb. down使某人失望　permit vt.& vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能　put forward提出,提议,建议 [环境描写]　lightning n.闪电　thunderstorm n.雷雨,雷暴　bang n.突然的巨响;猛敲,猛击 美句 1.Perhaps the next generation of scientists,drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine,will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.(升华句) 2.With more knowledge comes a deeper,more wonderful mystery,inspiring one to look deeper still. Never concerned that the answer may let us down,with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.(排比) Step 2　语料运用【心理描写】 一天晚上, 汤姆被雷雨和闪电惊醒了。当他经过父母的卧室时, 碰巧听到他们在争吵。最后, 他的父亲提出结束他们的婚姻, 这让汤姆很震惊。 One night, Tom was woken up by the thunderstorm and lightning. As he passed his parents’ bedroom, he ①________________________ (非谓语动词作宾语补足语).Finally, his father put forward ending their marriage, ② ________________________ (which引导非限制性定语从句). overheard them quarreling which shocked Tom 他不敢相信。汤姆打开了门, 冲出了房间。他觉得自己被愤怒和沮丧围绕着。大约过了一个小时, 天空中出现了一些星星。他慢慢地平静下来。他对自己说：“一切都会好起来的。我是不会允许他们分手的。我相信他们不会让我失望的。” He couldn’t believe it. Tom ③ _____________ ____________________________ (动作链描写).He felt ④ __________________________ ___________________ (心理描写).After about an hour, some stars appeared in the sky. Slowly, he calmed down. He said to himself, “Everything will be all right. ⑤____________________________. ⑥ ___ ______________________________. ” opened the door and rushed out of the house he was surrounded by anger and depression I won’t permit them to break up believe they won’t let me down I 语料积累 【情感细节描写:焦虑、担忧与不耐烦】 单词 anxious;anxiety;worry;worried;worrying;helpless;hopeless;concerned;anxiously;helplessness;hopelessness;concern 词块 with anxiety 焦虑地;be concerned about担忧;be worried about担心; be full of anxiety焦虑不安;feelings of anxiety and concern焦虑和担忧的感觉 句型 Lost in the mountain, they had nothing to do but wait for rescue anxiously. (副词) 他们在山里迷了路,只好焦急地等待救援。 As the evening wore on, they grew increasingly/more and more worried.(形容词) 随着夜色渐深,他们越来越担忧。 树林开始起雾了,他们周围的一切都被黑暗吞噬,这无疑使他们更加无助。 ①Fog began creeping into the forest.Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness, which undoubtedly left them even more helpless.(非限制性定语从句) ②Fog began creeping into the forest.Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness, undoubtedly leaving them even more helpless. (分词短语作状语) 课时作业 23 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (一) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分, 共20分) A (2024·河南适应性测试)An innovative creation will help transform treating diseases.Scientists at Tufts University and Harvard University’s Wyss Institute developed tiny biological robots “Anthrobots” from human cells.These Anthrobots possess the astonishing ability to move across surfaces and have exhibited a remarkable healing (治愈) effect by stimulating neuron (神经元) growth in damaged lab dish regions.This discovery serves as a crucial stepping stone toward the researchers’ vision of employing biological robots as innovative tools for healing, and disease treatment. This breakthrough originates from earlier research conducted by Michael Levin, professor of biology at Tufts University School of Arts & Sciences, and Josh Bongard at the University of Vermont.They once created biological robots called Xenobots from frog cells, capable of various functions including self-copying, for a limited number of cycles.However, it was unclear if biological robots could be formed using cells from other species. In their latest study, Levin and Tufts PhD student Gizem Gumuskaya discovered that Anthrobots can indeed be crafted from adult human cells, with capabilities outperforming those observed in Xenobots. Anthrobots showed the ability to move across a surface covered in human neurons grown in a lab dish, facilitating new growth to fill gaps caused by cell layer damage. “It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’ cells, without changing their DNA, can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage.We’re now looking at how the healing mechanism works, and asking what else these constructs can do, ” says Levin. One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in constructing biological robots from a patient’s cells to perform healing tasks without leading to immune (免疫的) responses.These Anthrobots naturally break down after a few weeks and can be easily absorbed into the body once their function is complete. Anthrobots can only survive under specific laboratory conditions, posing no risk of exposure or unintended spread outside the controlled environment.They do not reproduce, have no genetic changes, and therefore carry no risk of developing beyond safety measures. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。科学家利用人类细胞研发出微型生物机器人, 这有别于先前的“青蛙细胞生物机器人”。它展现出很多优点, 优越于“青蛙细胞生物机器人”, 且该机器人只能在特定的实验室条件下生存, 不会引发其他风险。 1.What do Anthrobots do in healing patients?(　　) A.Replace human cells. B.Facilitate neuron growth. C.Create new human cells. D.Move across tissue surfaces. B 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“have exhibited a remarkable healing effect by stimulating neuron growth in damaged lab dish regions”可知, 该微型生物机器人在治愈病人方面是通过促进神经元生长的方式来完成的。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 2.What does the underlined word “crafted” in paragraph 3 mean?(　　) A.Made.　　　　　　　 B.Divided. C.Copied. D.Designed. A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知, Anthrobots可以从人类细胞中研制出来。第三段内容肯定了第一段第二句说明的事实, 即“Anthrobots确实可以从人类细胞中研制出来”。make制造; divide分开, 分散; copy复制; design设计。画线词与make的含义最接近。故选A。 1 2 3 4 3.What is one of the main advantages of Anthrobots?(　　) A.They can be easily created from patients’ cells. B.They can be used in many controlled environments. C.They can avoid causing immune responses. D.They can have genetic changes when necessary. C 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in constructing biological robots from a patient’s cells to perform healing tasks without leading to immune responses.”可知, 这种从病人的细胞中构建的微型生物机器人执行愈合任务, 不会导致免疫反应。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 4.Which magazine is the text most probably taken from?(　　) A.Advanced Science. B.Sportsnet Magazine. C.Art in America. D.National Geographic. A 1 2 3 4 解析：文章出处题。本文主要讲述科学家从人类细胞中构建了微型生物机器人, 这种机器人优于先前的“青蛙细胞生物机器人”。由此可推知, 本文最有可能摘自《先进科学》杂志。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·河北石家庄第二次质检)There’re plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables available in local markets.But while those red juicy strawberries look fresh, consumers have no way of knowing how long the fruit can be stored at home.The same goes for distribution centers and supermarkets. Now, the food technology start-up OneThird, located in the Netherlands, is looking to change that with an infrared (红外线) scanner that can accurately predict how long fresh fruits and vegetables will last.The start-up is named OneThird because one-third of food is wasted due to spoilage (变质) every year. The start-up’s founders were inspired by a UK company that uses this type of technology in the medical field and decided to see if it was applicable for food.“I looked at the challenges in the food-supply chain and found out that 40 percent of food waste is fresh produce.One of the biggest causes of waste is that nobody knows shelf life, ” founder and CEO of OneThird, Marco Snikkers said. Quality inspections at farms and distribution centers are done manually (手动地).An inspector checks the fruits and vegetables and makes notes about the size and quality.Then the food is sent to consumers without considering travel time or how long the produce will remain usable. Using the infrared scanner at the distribution center means that inspectors can use the information to approve shipments that will ensure the produce can be distributed on a timely basis.This means that a shipment of ripe tomatoes will not be sent long distances away. OneThird’s scanner combines the technology of optical scanners, image modeling, and Artificial Intelligence to provide accurate shelf-life predictions. The start-up found that the technology can reduce up to 25 percent produce waste that was caused by spoilage.“Global food waste has an enormous environmental impact; reducing global food waste cuts global greenhouse gas emissions and promotes global food security, ” said Jacob Smith, a climate expert from the University of Maine. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食品科技初创公司OneThird通过红外扫描仪准确预测新鲜水果和蔬菜的保质期。 5.What problem does OneThird aim to solve?(　　) A.The high cost of storing fresh fruits and vegetables. B.Inefficient quality inspections at distribution centers. C.Food waste caused by uncertainty about its shelf life. D.Consumers’ difficulty judging the freshness of produce. C 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。 根据第二段可知, 该公司正在寻求用一个可精确预测新鲜水果和蔬菜可保存多久的红外扫描仪来解决人们不知道保质期的问题; 这家初创公司之所以被命名为OneThird, 是因为每年有三分之一的食物因变质而被浪费。同时第三段中 OneThird 的创始人兼首席执行官Marco Snikkers说：“我研究了食品供应链中的挑战, 发现40%的食物浪费是新鲜农产品。浪费的最大原因之一是没有人知道保质期。”故可推测, OneThird 的创立是为了解决因不清楚食物保质期而造成食物变质从而造成食物浪费的问题, 故选 C。 5 6 7 8 6.What inspired OneThird to come up with the idea of using infrared scanners?(　　) A.The use of the device in another field. B.Observation of the food-supply chain. C.Consumer demand for fresher produce. D.Experts’ advice on food waste reduction. A 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The start-up’s founders...if it was applicable for food.”可知, 这家初创公司的创始人受到一家在医疗领域使用这种技术的英国公司的启发, 并决定看看它是否适用于食品。故选A。 5 6 7 8 7.What can we learn about the manual quality inspections?(　　) A.They are time-consuming and costly. B.They are not performed at a regular time. C.The inspectors tend to make wrong judgement. D.The shipping time is not taken into consideration. D 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是“Then the food is sent to consumers...will remain usable.”可知, 人工质量检验时, 检查员检查水果和蔬菜, 并记录大小和质量。然后, 这些食品被送到消费者手中, 而不考虑运输的时间或农产品的使用期。故D项正确。 5 6 7 8 8.What’s Jacob’s attitude to OneThird’s effort?(　　) A.Approving. B.Doubtful. C.Tolerant. D.Dismissive. A 5 6 7 8 解析：观点态度题。 根据最后一段中Jacob的话“reducing global food waste cuts global greenhouse gas emissions and promotes global food security”可知, Jacob 认为, 减少全球食物浪费可减少全球温室气体排放并促进全球食物安全, 所以可推知, Jacob 对于OneThird的努力持支持的态度, 故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分, 共15分) In the mid-20th century, boys could study technical subjects while girls were expected not.However, Bell Burnell’s parents challenged these 1 , which enabled her to study science.Bell Burnell knew before leaving school that she wanted to be a radio astronomer.That 2 led her to go to the University of Glasgow, where she was the only 3 in her class.After graduation, Bell Burnell went to the University of Cambridge, where she yet again had to prove that she 4 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 Her first project, working with her thesis supervisor (论文导师) Hewish, was 5 certain objects called quasars (类星体).It was 6 to have a female student on this project.Bell Burnell herself has said that the only other females 7 were secretaries.At this stage, it was she who 8 the telescope and analyzed the data. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 One day, checking on the data, Bell Burnell saw a signal that she couldn’t 9 .To understand what it was she ended up bringing this 10 to Hewish, who said it was interference.He thought that Bell Burnell had wired up the radio telescope 11 and that is why the new signal had appeared.However, she saw the signal again afterwards. 12 , she tried to reach Hewish.Once he 13 the pulse with his own eyes, he knew it wasn’t interference, and a new research project began.But, with just one pulse it was hard to have a(n) 14 discovery. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 A couple of days later, Bell Burnell was in her study, and she saw something 15 to the first pulse, and thus 2 pulsars were discovered. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Bell Burnell在剑桥大学时发现脉冲星的故事。 1.A.theories B.subjects C.lessons D.policies 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 解析：根据“In the mid-20th century...were expected not.”可知, Bell Burnell的父母对这些男孩可以学习技术科目, 而女孩则不能的政策提出了质疑。故选D。 显示原文 2.A.wish B.condition C.plan D.design 答案：A 解析：根据“Bell Burnell knew before leaving school that she wanted to be a radio astronomer.”可知, Bell Burnell想成为一名射电天文学家, 这个愿望促使她去了格拉斯哥大学。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 3.A.failure B.student C.female D.scientist 答案：C 解析：根据上文“In the mid-20th century, boys could study technical subjects while girls were expected not.”可推知, 因为在20世纪中期, 男孩可以学习技术科目, 而女孩则不能, 所以, 在格拉斯哥大学她是班上唯一的女性。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 4.A.studied B.belonged C.worked D.graduated 答案：B 解析：根据文章第一句和“It was 6 to have a female student on this project.”可知, 在当时女性不能学习技术科目, 女学生参与研究项目是不寻常的, 这些都表明, 在男性为主宰的大学里, Bell Burnell必须再次证明自己的归属, 做出点成绩才行。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 5.A.turning off B.picking out C.shooting down D.clearing away 答案：B 解析：根据“and she saw something 15 to the first pulse, and thus 2 pulsars were discovered”可知, Bell Burnell的第一个项目是与论文导师Hewish合作, 挑选出某些被称为类星体的物体。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 6.A.unnecessary B.impossible C.illegal D.unusual 答案：D 解析：根据“Bell Burnell herself has said that the only other females 7 were secretaries.”可知, 女学生参与甄选类星体的物体的科研项目是极不寻常的事情, 因为在场的其他女性只有秘书, 其余参与项目的人都是男性。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 7.A.present B.alive C.abroad D.responsible 答案：A 解析：结合语境及空后的“were secretaries”可知, 此处指该科研项目在场的其他女性只有秘书。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 8.A.broke B.cleaned C.ran D.saw 答案：C 解析：根据“He thought that Bell Burnell had wired up the radio telescope 11 ”可知, Bell Burnell负责操作望远镜并分析数据。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 9.A.explain B.store C.copy D.recycle 答案：A 解析：根据“that is why the new signal had appeared”可知, Bell Burnell在查看数据时, 看到了一个她无法解释的信号。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 10.A.signal B.question C.task D.news 答案：B 解析：根据“To understand what it was”以及“who said it was interference”可知, 为了弄明白这是什么, Bell Burnell最终向Hewish提出了这个问题, Hewish说这是干扰。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 11.A.wisely B.secretly C.wrongly D.frequently 答案：C 解析：根据空后内容“that is why the new signal had appeared”可知, Hewish认为Bell Burnell把射电望远镜接错线了, 这就是新信号出现的原因。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 12.A.Surprised B.Disappointed C.Ashamed D.Touched 答案：A 解析：结合上文内容可知, 自己的导师认为自己是操作错误而导致新信号出现, 但是自己又看到了这个信号, 所以Bell Burnell感到很惊讶。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 13.A.checked out B.came across C.cast light on D.caught sight of 答案：D 解析：根据空后的状语“with his own eyes”并结合上文内容可知, Hewish亲眼看到脉冲, 知道Bell Burnell看到的脉冲不是干扰。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 14.A.puzzling B.amusing C.convincing D.lasting 答案：C 解析：根据“with just one pulse”并结合文章最后一句内容“and thus 2 pulsars were discovered”可知, Hewish认为仅仅凭一个脉冲, 很难有令人信服的发现。几天后, Bell Burnell在她的研究中, 看到了与第一个脉冲相似的东西, 因此发现了两颗脉冲星。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 15.A.familiar B.similar C.open D.important 答案：B 解析：根据“and thus 2 pulsars were discovered”可知, Bell Burnell在她的研究中, 看到了与第一个脉冲相似的东西, 因此发现了两颗脉冲星。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 二次精读——溯原文,积语料,提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.1:innovative adj.引进新思想的,采用新方法的,革新的,创新的　transform v.使改变形态　astonishing adj.令人十分惊讶的,使人大为惊奇的,难以置信的　stimulate v.促进,激发;刺激 Para.3:outperform v.超过,胜过 核心短语 Para.2:originate from源于 Para.6:be absorbed into被吸收进;被同化 长难句 分析 It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’ cells,without changing their DNA,can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage.(Para.5) 分析:句中it为形式主语,指代that引导的主语从句;without changing their DNA为介词短语作状语。 译文:既极其有趣又完全出乎意料的是,正常患者的细胞,在不改变它们的DNA的情况下,可以自行移动,并促使神经元在一个损伤区域生长。 B篇 核心单词 Para.1:available adj.可获得的;可购得的;可找到的 Para.2:accurately adv.精确地,准确地 Para.7:enormous adj.巨大的;庞大的;极大的 派生词汇 Para.1:juicy adj.多汁的; 汁液丰富的→juice n.果汁 distribution n.分配; 分布→distribute v.分发; 分配 Para.3:applicable adj.适用的→apply v.应用→application n.应用 核心短语 Para.1:go for 适用于 Para.4:quality inspection质量检查 Para.5:on a timely basis及时地　a shipment of一批 Para.6:shelf-life prediction保质期预测 长难句 分析 Now,the food technology start-up OneThird,located in the Netherlands,is looking to change that with an infrared scanner that can accurately predict how long fresh fruits and vegetables will last.(Para.2) 分析:句中located in the Netherlands为过去分词短语作定语,修饰OneThird;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰infrared scanner;how long 引导宾语从句。 译文:现在,位于荷兰的食品科技初创公司OneThird正在寻求通过红外扫描仪来改变那种状况,该扫描仪可以准确预测新鲜水果和蔬菜的保质期。 课时作业24 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (二) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分, 共20分) A (2024·山东济南质检)A rising star from Virginia has secured the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” for his groundbreaking creation—a bar of soap designed to battle against skin cancer.At just 14 years old, Heman Bekele emerged as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge, standing out among the ten finalists with his innovative creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS). Bekele’s brilliant concept centers on the development of a soap that is not only affordable, but also has the potential to reactivate the body’s natural defenders of the skin to stop skin cancer.In Bekele’s own words, “Curing cancer, one bar of soap at a time.” He always has endless passion for biology and technology, and the 3M Young Scientist Challenge just provided him with the perfect platform to display his ideas.Reflecting on his inspiration, Bekele shared that his childhood played a significant role in shaping his innovative thinking.Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun, he couldn’t help but wonder how many were aware of the risks associated with constant sun exposure. “I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience, ”Bekele expressed during an interview with the media.He received invaluable guidance from Deborah Isabelle, a product engineering specialist, who connected him with other scientists to aid him in reaching his ambitious plans. During his presentation, Bekele passionately expressed his vision of turning the soap into “a symbol of hope, accessibility, and a world where skin cancer treatment is within reach for all”. Over the coming five years, Bekele longs to perfect his invention and establish a nonprofit organization devoted to distributing his innovative creation to more places including undeveloped communities, offering hope and a practical solution in the fight against skin cancer. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。14岁的Heman Bekele发明了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂, 并凭借此发明在3M青年科学家挑战赛中脱颖而出, 被评为“美国顶尖青年科学家”。 1.What made Bekele an instant hit?(　　) A.Starting a soap fashion. B.Overcoming skin cancer. C.Being the youngest scientist. D.Creating a soap against skin cancer. D 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知, Bekele因其开创性的发明——一块抗皮肤癌肥皂(SCTS), 在2023年3M青年科学家挑战赛中脱颖而出, 被评为“美国顶尖青年科学家”。由此可知, 令Bekele一夜成名的是他创造了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 2.What inspired Bekele to invent the SCTS?(　　) A.His concern for others. B.His adventure in childhood. C.His enthusiasm for technology. D.His interest in medical knowledge. A 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。根据题干将答案定位至第二段的“Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun...the risks associated with constant sun exposure.”, 即目睹了人们在阳光下不知疲倦地工作, 他不禁想知道有多少人意识到持续暴露在阳光下的风险。由此可推知, Bekele对别人的关心激励他发明了SCTS, 故选A项。 1 2 3 4 3.What will Bekele do in the near future?(　　) A.Obtain official approval. B.Visit undeveloped areas. C.Increase the availability of the soap. D.Update the facilities of production. C 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。 根据最后一段的内容可知, 在接下来的五年里, Bekele渴望完善他的发明, 并建立一个致力于将他的创新成果分发到包括落后社区在内的更多地方的非营利组织, 为抗击皮肤癌提供希望和切实可行的解决方案。由此可知, Bekele在不久的将来会增加肥皂的供应, 故C项正确。 1 2 3 4 4.Which of the following can best describe Bekele?(　　) A.Inspiring and modest. B.Humorous and positive. C.Creative and considerate. D.Curious and independent. C 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。 根据第一段中的“his groundbreaking creation” “his innovative creation”可知, Bekele创造性地发明了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂, 这说明Bekele具有创造力; 再根据第二段的“Having witnessed people work tirelessly...constant sun exposure.”和最后一段的“establish a nonprofit organization...fight against skin cancer”可知, Bekele为他人着想。故C项正确。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·甘肃高考诊断)Contrary to the commonly-held view, the brain does not have the ability to rewire itself to make up for the loss of sight, or a stroke, for example, say scientists from the University of Cambridge and Johns Hopkins University. Writing in eLife, Professor Tamar Makin (Cambridge) and Professor John Krakauer (Johns Hopkins) argue that the belief that the brain, in response to injury or deficits, can reorganise itself and repurpose particular regions for new functions, is fundamentally incorrect—despite being commonly cited in scientific textbooks. Instead, they argue that what is occurring is merely the brain being trained to use already existing but possible abilities. In their article, Makin and Krakauer look at ten pioneering studies aimed at showing the brain’s ability to reorganise.They argue, however, that while the studies do indeed show the brain’s ability to adapt to change, it is not creating new functions in previously unrelated areas—instead it’s using possible capacities that have been present since birth. Examining other studies, Makin and Krakauer found no convincing evidence that the visual cortex (大脑皮层) of individuals that were born blind or the uninjured cortex of stroke survivors ever developed a novel functional ability that did not otherwise exist. Understanding the true nature and limits of brain plasticity (可塑性) is crucial, both for setting realistic expectations for patients and for guiding clinical practitioners (从业人员) in their reconstructive approaches, they argue.Makin added, “This learning process is a proof of the brain’s remarkable—but limited—capacity for plasticity.There are no shortcuts or fast tracks in this journey.The idea of quickly unlocking hidden brain potentials or tapping into vast unused reserves is more wishful thinking than reality.It’s a slow, gradual journey, demanding persistent effort and practice.Recognising this helps us appreciate the hard work behind every story of recovery and adapt our strategies accordingly.” “So many times, the brain’s ability to rewire itself has been described as ‘miraculous’—but we’re scientists, and we don’t believe in magic.These amazing behaviours that we see are rooted in hard work, repetition and training, not the magical reassignment of the brain’s resources, ” they said. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了剑桥大学和约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的科学家们发现, 大脑不具备重塑功能, 它们无法弥补失明或中风等造成的损伤。 5.What is a common misunderstanding of the brain’s function?(　　) A.The brain can be trained. B.The brain can compensate blindness. C.The brain can rewire itself. D.The brain can react to sudden diseases. C 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Contrary to the commonly-held view, the brain does not have the ability to rewire itself”可知, “the ability to rewire itself”便是人们对大脑功能的普遍误解, 故C项正确。 5 6 7 8 6.Why are the related studies mentioned in the text?(　　) A.To tell the limits of brain plasticity. B.To analyze the structure of the brain. C.To find productive research methods. D.To explore the new functions of the brain. A 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知, Makin和Krakauer研究了十项旨在展示大脑重组能力的开创性研究, 但是他们说明了“it is not creating new functions in previously unrelated areas (它并没有在以前不相关的区域中创造新的功能)”。据此可以推断, 文中提到这些研究主要是为了说明大脑可塑性的局限, 故选A。 5 6 7 8 7.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?(　　) A.The realistic expectations for patients. B.Supporting evidence for the research results. C.Further explanations of the medical strategies. D.The medical significance of the new finding. D 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 解析：段落大意题。根据本段的内容尤其是主旨句 “Understanding the true nature and limits of brain plasticity is crucial...they argue.”可知, 本段主要讲到了了解大脑可塑性的本质和局限对给病人设置现实的预期和指导临床从业人员都至关重要, 即主要讲述了新发现在医学上的重要性, 故D项正确。 8.What will Makin and Krakauer suggest people do?(　　) A.Make the impossible possible. B.Reassign the brain’s resources flexibly. C.Try to develop the brain’s possible ability. D.Use the magic to accomplish difficult tasks. C 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。由第三段最后一句可知, Makin和Krakauer认为大脑没有重塑自己, 相反它在使用自出生后便存在的可能的能力; 再根据最后一段中的“These amazing behaviours that we see are rooted in hard work, repetition and training”可知, 两人认为要想实现一些神奇的行为, 就得努力付出、不断重复、坚持训练。由此可见, Makin和Krakauer建议人们努力培养大脑潜在的能力, 故C项正确。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分, 共12.5分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位伟大女性发明家以及她们的发明创造。 (2024·广东广州三模)While it’s simple to name many famous male inventors, people might be hard-pressed to name some female inventors. 1( ) A.And that’s exactly what she did. B.That was how the invention came into being. C.As a response, she conducted many experiments. D.Firstly, what led to the invention of the windscreen cleaner? E.But back in the 1940s and 50s, women led the way in this new field. F.For example, where would we be without the windscreen cleaner? G.Yet women are behind some widely used technologies in the modern world. 1.答案：G 解析：上文“While it’s simple to name...to name some female inventors.”讲述人们很难说出一些女性发明家的名字, 结合下文描述的几位伟大的女性和她们的成就可推断G项符合语境, 承上启下。故选G。 2( ) Back on a freezing winter’s day in 1902, Mary Anderson was traveling by tram through New York City.Snow was falling, forcing the driver to stop repeatedly and get out to clear it.Each time the door opened, Mary suffered a gust of wind.She had a sudden good idea：why not make some kind of a rubber blade (刮片) that could be operated from inside the vehicle? 3( ) A.And that’s exactly what she did. B.That was how the invention came into being. C.As a response, she conducted many experiments. D.Firstly, what led to the invention of the windscreen cleaner? E.But back in the 1940s and 50s, women led the way in this new field. F.For example, where would we be without the windscreen cleaner? G.Yet women are behind some widely used technologies in the modern world. 2.答案：D 解析：下文“Back on a freezing winter’s day...from inside the vehicle?”讲述玛丽·安德森发明挡风玻璃清洁器的故事, 因此推断D项符合语境, 与下文的what’s more和lastly呼应。故选D。 3.答案：A 解析：上文“She had a sudden good idea：...inside the vehicle?”讲述玛丽想到了发明挡风玻璃清洁器的主意, 结合常识这种东西发明出来了, 因此推断A项“那就是她做的”符合语境。故选A。 What’s more, the dishwasher dates back even earlier to the 19th century and to the dinner parties held by a lady called Josephine Cochrane.As a frequent hostess, she wanted a machine that could wash dishes faster than humans. 4( ) And finally, she developed what was to become the first commercially successful dishwasher. Interestingly, innovation was in her blood：her grandfather had invented the steamboat. A.And that’s exactly what she did. B.That was how the invention came into being. C.As a response, she conducted many experiments. D.Firstly, what led to the invention of the windscreen cleaner? E.But back in the 1940s and 50s, women led the way in this new field. F.For example, where would we be without the windscreen cleaner? G.Yet women are behind some widely used technologies in the modern world. 4.答案：C 解析：上文“What’s more...faster than humans.”讲述约瑟芬·科克伦想要一台洗碗机, 下文“And finally, she developed...had invented the steamboat.”讲述她发明了洗碗机, 因此推断C项符合语境, 承上启下。故选C。 Lastly, one of the most important inventions of the 20th century must surely be the computer program.In today’s world of programming, men vastly outnumber women. 5( ) Grace Hopper is credited with inventing the first compiler (编译程序) in 1952. A.And that’s exactly what she did. B.That was how the invention came into being. C.As a response, she conducted many experiments. D.Firstly, what led to the invention of the windscreen cleaner? E.But back in the 1940s and 50s, women led the way in this new field. F.For example, where would we be without the windscreen cleaner? G.Yet women are behind some widely used technologies in the modern world. 5.答案：E 解析：上文“Lastly, one of the most...vastly outnumber women.”讲述计算机编程领域男性多, 下文“Grace Hopper is credited with inventing the first compiler”讲述格蕾丝·霍珀发明了编译器, 因此推断E项符合语境, 与上文是转折关系, 并承接下文。故选E。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分, 共15分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国著名地球物理学家黄大年的生平事迹。 (2024·安徽合肥二模)Huang Danian, a noted Chinese geophysicist (物理学), 1 (devote) himself to science and made great contributions to China’s deep earth exploration. 1.答案：devoted 解析：考查动词时态。句意：黄大年是中国著名的地球物理学家, 他致力于科学, 为中国的深地探测作出了巨大贡献。空处和made为并列谓语, 使用一般过去时。故填devoted。 Born in 1958 in Nanning, Guangxi, Huang’s passion 2 ________ geophysics started from an early age.In 1993, he went to England for further studies, and earned his doctor’s degree in geophysics, 3 (rank) the top of his class.Huang later joined a geophysical service company in Cambridge to gain first-hand experience. 2.答案：for 解析：考查介词。句意：黄1958年出生于广西南宁, 从小就对地球物理学充满热情。passion for为固定搭配, 意为 “对……的热爱”。故填for。 3.答案：ranking 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：1993年赴英国深造, 以班级第一名的成绩获得地球物理学博士学位。空处需填非谓语动词作状语, he和rank为主谓关系, 需用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填ranking。 During his stay in England, Huang remained 4 (commit) to his motherland.He long dreamed of going back to “serve my country with my whole heart”.The opportunity came in 2008, 5 China launched a national program for global top talent. 6 (participate) in the program, Huang quit his job with no 7 (hesitate) and returned to China as one of the first professionals. 4.答案：committed 解析：考查词性转换。句意：在英国期间, 黄仍然心系祖国。remained为系动词, 后面接形容词committed“投身的, 奉献的”, 作表语。故填committed。 5.答案：when 解析：考查定语从句。句意：机会出现在2008年, 当时中国启动了一项面向全球顶尖人才的国家计划。空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词2008, 在定语从句中作时间状语, 需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 6.答案：To participate 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了参加这个项目, 黄毫不犹豫地辞去了工作, 作为第一批专业人士之一回到了中国。空处表目的, 需用动词不定式作目的状语, 句首字母需大写。故填To participate。 7.答案：hesitation 解析：考查词性转换。句意同上。空处需填名词hesitation, 作介词宾语, 表抽象概念, 不可数。故填hesitation。 Upon return, Huang 8 (appoint) chief scientist of China’s biggest deep earth exploration program.Huang worked 9 __________ (tireless) around the clock.Thanks to Huang and his team’s efforts, China made 10 significant breakthrough in deep earth exploration. Huang passed away in 2017.His passing left the scientific community in sorrow, but he will be remembered forever for his devotion to his field and the love of his motherland. 8.答案：was appointed 解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：回国后, 黄被任命为中国最大的深地探测项目的首席科学家。陈述过去的事实, 使用一般过去时, Huang和appoint为被动关系, 需用被动语态, 主语为Huang, be动词用was。故填was appointed。 9.答案：tirelessly 解析：考查词性转换。句意：黄夜以继日地辛勤工作。修饰动词worked, 需用副词tirelessly作状语。故填tirelessly。 10.答案：a 解析：考查冠词。句意：由于黄和他的团队的努力, 中国在深地探测方面取得了重大突破。breakthrough为可数名词, 此处表示泛指, 且significant发音以辅音音素开头, 需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 二次精读——溯原文,积语料,提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.1:secure v.(尤指经过努力)获得 adj.安全的;牢固的;可靠的　groundbreaking adj.创新的,开创性的 Para.2:brilliant adj.很好的;巧妙的;很成功的　affordable adj.价格合理的;负担得起的　witness v.见证;目击;(为正式文件的签署)作证　constant adj.不断的;重复的;连续发生的 Para.3:exceptional adj.杰出的,优秀的　ambitious adj.雄心勃勃的;有野心的 Para.5:establish v.建立;设立;确立 派生词汇 Para.3:invaluable adj.极宝贵的;极有用的→value n.价值;用途;积极作用→valuable adj.有价值的;宝贵的;很重要的→valueless adj.没有价值的;不值钱的 Para.5:practical adj.实际的;适用的;切实可行的→practice v.练习;实习 n.练习,实践 熟词生义 Para.1:emerge 常用义:v.(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现,浮现,露出　文章义:v.露头;显现;显露 核心短语 Para.1:stand out突出,显眼,引人注目 Para.2:reflect on认真思考　can’t help but do sth.忍不住做某事　be aware of...意识到……,知道……　be associated with...与……有关 Para.5:long to do sth.渴望做某事 B篇 核心单词 Para.2:deficit n.(人体的)缺陷　repurpose v.(为适合新用途)对……稍加修改,略微改动 Para.3:pioneering adj.开拓性的,先驱性的,探索性的 Para.4:individual n.个人;有个性的人 adj.单独的,个别的;一个人的;独特的 Para.5:crucial adj.至关重要的,关键性的 Para.6:miraculous adj.奇迹般的,不可思议的 派生词汇 Para.2:function n.作用,功能 v.运转→functional adj.作用的,功能的,机能的 Para.4:convincing adj.令人信服的,有说服力的→convince v.使确信,使相信,使信服→convinced adj.确信的,信服的;坚信不疑的 visual adj.视力的,视觉的→vision n.视力,视野;想象;想象力;眼力→visually adv.视觉上;表面上,外观上→visualize v.使可视化,使看得见 Para.5:persistent adj.坚持不懈的→persist v.继续存在,持续;坚持→persistence n.坚持不懈 核心短语 Para.1:contrary to与……相反　make up for弥补,补偿 Para.2:in response to...作为对……的回应或反应 Para.3:adapt to适应 长难句 分析 Writing in eLife, Professor Tamar Makin (Cambridge) and Professor John Krakauer (Johns Hopkins) argue that the belief that the brain,in response to injury or deficits,can reorganise itself and repurpose particular regions for new functions, is fundamentally incorrect—despite being commonly cited in scientific textbooks.(Para.2) 分析:句中writing in eLife为现在分词短语作状语;第一个that引导宾语从句,作动词argue的宾语;第二个that引导同位语从句,解释说明the belief的内容。 译文:Tamar Makin教授(剑桥大学)和John Krakauer教授(约翰斯· 霍普金斯大学)在《eLife》杂志上撰文,他们认为大脑为了应对损伤或缺陷,可以重组自身并略微改动特定区域以获得新功能这一看法是完全错误的,尽管这一看法在科学教科书中经常被引用。 写作规范练（三） Ⅰ.应用文写作——通知(满分15分) (2024·湖南长沙新高考适应性考试)为了丰富校园生活, 你校将组织迎新年音乐会, 请你写一则通知, 发布在学校英文网站上。内容包括： 1.举办的时间和地点; 2.活动的内容; 3.活动的意义。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Notice           [参考范文] Notice In order to enrich our students’ life on campus, our school will organize a concert to welcome the New Year. As scheduled, the concert will take place in the school music hall at 2：30 p.m. next Thursday, lasting two days.During the concert, members from the music club will play a number of great classical masterpieces on different traditional Chinese instruments.Meanwhile, some works created by well-known Western musicians will also be played.You can’t miss the golden chance! There is much more waiting for you to explore and it will surely excite your senses. All interested are welcome and we are looking forward to your attending! Ⅱ.读后续写——人间亲情(满分25分) 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·河北石家庄教学质检二)When he was around 5 years old, my brother Ted, who is four years younger than me, suddenly found his legs unable to move one night.What followed was one of the hardest times of my parents’ life.Months passed with them meeting various doctors, visiting different hospitals, and knocking at the doorstep of every possible chance—all the time with Ted in their arms, since he wasn’t able to walk on his own anymore. There were doubts of permanent paralysis (瘫痪)—the very mention of which was enough to break us down.From finding it extremely painful to walk, to not being able to get up on his own, and to not being able to stand at all, Ted had a problem that was worsening day by day.Most surprisingly, all this while, he was strong.Perhaps only children could be in such difficult times. During this period, it was not unusual for my mother to have sudden breakdowns. Once, she burst into tears while watching Ted playing joyfully.He wiped off her tears, and said, “Don’t cry, Mummy.See, I can stand and even run on my own！”Saying this, he tried to get up, stood on shaking legs for just about a few microseconds and fell down, only to be safely caught in the arms of my mom, who hugged him dearly and cried again. This was the most heartbreaking thing that I had ever experienced.But it was also a powerful one for the simple fact that it was my little brother who taught us what life was all about—HOPE. Witnessing my brother’s strong will and positive attitude inspired me as well.As a brother, I could not stand by doing nothing at all.Hope was burning in my heart when I had the idea to train my brother to walk again.I firmly believed Ted could stand up and walk as he used to.Whenever school was over, I would put Ted into a pushchair and tell my mom that we’d just go to the park. 注意:续写词数应为150个左右。 In the park, I would put Ted one meter away from me, encouraging him to walk. ___________________________________           We agreed to keep this secret from our parents until Mom’s birthday. _________________________________________________  ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 故事 梗概 本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了弟弟五岁左右的时候突然发现自己不能走路了,随之而来的是作者父母的最艰难的时刻之一…… 续写 思路 续写 第一段 根据文章信息和续写第一段提示句可知,续写第一段应写作者训练弟弟重新学习走路的过程,着重写弟弟的不懈努力,可以写弟弟一开始表现不佳,但渐渐有所进步,且根据续写第二段提示句可知,第一段结尾应该写最后弟弟基本上可以独立行走了,这样才能在妈妈生日时给她一个惊喜 续写 思路 续写 第二段 根据续写第二段提示句可推知,续写第二段应首先写妈妈生日当天弟弟出乎意料的表现具体是什么,如独立站起来向妈妈走去,接着可以写妈妈看到弟弟能够慢慢地重新走路时的惊喜之情和家庭氛围等 [参考范文] In the park, I would put Ted one meter away from me, encouraging him to walk.At first, he could not even move an inch without falling down.But instead of getting discouraged, he would keep trying until he finally managed to take a few steps forward with the support of my hands.Gradually, Ted learned to balance himself and began to walk slowly but steadily.The park became our secret place where we spent hours every day, I patiently guiding him and Ted determinedly working on his mobility. We agreed to keep this secret from our parents until Mom’s birthday. On that day, while everyone was enjoying a family lunch, Ted suddenly stood up from his chair and took a few unsteady steps towards our mother.Her eyes widened as she watched her son, who had been unable to walk for some time, now taking small, confident steps towards her, which was such a heartwarming moment for all of us.From that day on, Ted’s progress was nothing short of a miracle, and our family was overjoyed to see him regaining his strength and mobility. $$