必修二 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 定语从句（拓展）-【简语法-单元重点语法精练】2025-2026学年 高中英语高一上学期（人教版2019）

( 单元核心语法·精练 ) 必修二 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage （限制性定语从句-3） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、限制性定语从句中关系词的用法 用法介绍 限制性定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，需根据先行词的类型（人 / 物 / 时间 / 地点等）及在从句中充当的成分（主语 / 宾语 / 状语）选择。 类型 关系词 指代 从句中成分 示例 关系 代词 who 人 主语（不可省略） The boy who helped me is Tom.（帮我的男孩是汤姆。） whom 人 宾语（可省略） The doctor whom you visited is very kind.（你拜访的医生很友善。） which 物 主语 / 宾语（宾语可省略） The car which is red belongs to her.（那辆红色的车是她的。） This is the bag（which）I need.（这是我需要的包。） that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语（宾语可省略） He is the man that we talked about.（他是我们谈论的那个人。） The dog that barks is mine.（叫的狗是我的。） whose 人 / 物的所属 定语 The girl whose bag is red is Lily.（包是红色的女孩是莉莉。） This is a tree whose leaves turn yellow in autumn.（这是一棵秋天叶子变黄的树。） 关系副词 when 时间名词（day, time 等） 时间状语 I remember the day when we first met.（我记得我们第一次见面的那天。） where 地点名词（city, place 等） 地点状语 This is the school where I studied.（这是我就读过的学校。） why 原因名词（reason） 原因状语 Do you know the reason why he was late?（你知道他迟到的原因吗？） 注意事项 1. that 的优先使用场景： 1） 先行词被最高级（如 the best）、序数词（如 the first）修饰时（如 This is the best film that I’ve seen.）； 2） 先行词既有人又有物时（如 He told stories about the teachers and schools that he knew.）； 3） 先行词为不定代词（all, nothing 等）时（如 There’s nothing that can stop him.）。 2. who 与 whom 的辨析：who 作主语，whom 作宾语（口语中可用 who 代替 whom，但介词后必须用 whom，如 The girl to whom he gave a gift is my cousin.）。 3. 关系副词与 “介词 + 关系代词” 的转换：when 可转换为 “介词 + which”（如 the day on which = the day when），where 可转换为 “介词 + which”（如 the school in which = the school where）。 二、“介词 + 关系代词” 结构在限制性定语从句中的应用 用法介绍 “介词 + 关系代词（which/whom）” 在限制性定语从句中可替代关系副词，或直接修饰先行词，介词的选择取决于先行词搭配、从句动词搭配或句意。 结构 适用场景 示例 介词 + which 先行词为物，替代关系副词 when/where The year in which he was born is 2000.（他出生的年份是 2000 年。= The year when...） The room in which he lives is small.（他住的房间很小。= The room where...） 介词 + whom 先行词为人，表 “对 / 为 / 和……” 等关系 The boy with whom he played is my brother.（和他一起玩的男孩是我弟弟。）（play with 搭配） The teacher to whom you wrote is very strict.（你写信给的老师很严格。）（write to 搭配） 注意事项 1. 介词不可前置的情况：若从句中动词与介词构成固定短语（如 look after, call on），介词不可置于关系代词前（错误：the person after whom he looked 正确：the person whom he looked after）。 2. 介词选择依据： 1） 结合先行词的固定搭配（如 the key to which，key 与 to 搭配）； 2） 结合从句动词的固定搭配（如 the man whom she talked to，talk to 搭配）； 3） 结合句意逻辑（如 the house in which he works，表 “在房子里工作” 用 in）。 3. 避免使用 that：“介词 + 关系代词” 结构中，关系代词只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人），不能用 that（错误：the bag in that he put his books 正确：the bag in which he put his books）。 一、单句语法填空题：在空格处填入一个适当的单词 1．（23-24高一上·广西梧州·期末）A typhoon is an extremely strong wind often happens on the Western Pacific Ocean. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：台风是一种极强的风，经常发生在西太平洋。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为wind，指物，且从句中缺少主语，因此应用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。 2．（23-24高一上·广西梧州·期末）My parents like to live in a town there is plenty of sunshine. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：我的父母喜欢住在一个阳光充足的小镇。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为town，在从句中作地点状语，即“在这个小镇里有充足阳光”，所以应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 3．（24-25高一上·广东惠州·期末）This is the library in I spent countless hours studying during my college years. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我在大学期间花了无数时间学习的图书馆。空处引导定语从句，先行词the library，在定语从句中作地点状语，此处用in which构成“介词＋关系代词”结构，相当于where。故填which。 4．（24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末）The colourless gas which we cannot live is called oxygen. 【答案】without 【详解】考查介词。句意：这种无色气体被称为氧气，没有它我们就无法生存。空格处是“介词+which”引导定语从句，句子表示“没有这种无色气体我们就无法生存”，空格处用介词without表示“没有”，故填without。 5．（24-25高一上·福建·期末）The article shows the process which the author got used to a new environment, made new friends, and found a sense of belonging. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：这篇文章展示了作者适应新环境，结交新朋友，找到归属感的过程。此处是“介词+which”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词process，表示“在此过程中”，使用介词in。故填in。 6．（24-25高一上·广东深圳·期末）David was more than certain about getting his ideal job because the position which he applied was a perfect match for his skills. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：大卫非常肯定能得到他理想的工作，因为他申请的职位与他的技能完全匹配。句子使用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，修饰先行词position，apply for为固定搭配，意为“申请”，故空处应填介词for。故填for。 7．（24-25高一上·福建漳州·期末）The book from I got a lot of knowledge was quite interesting. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我从中学到很多知识的那本书很有趣。介词+关系代词结构定语从句修饰先行词book，作介词的宾语，指物，应用which。故填which。 8．（24-25高一上·北京西城·期末）The actors played in the film Avatar received a lot of praise for their excellent performances. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在电影《阿凡达》中扮演的演员因其出色的表演而受到了很多赞誉。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是the actors，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 9．（24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）I like the writers and their works you mentioned the other day. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢你前几天提到的作家和他们的作品。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词the writers and their works，且先行词既有人又有物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作mentioned的宾语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 10．（24-25高一上·吉林·期末）The photo he showed me was taken when he was 5 years old. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他给我看的那张照片是他5岁时拍的。空处引导定语从句，先行词是photo，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导，故填that/which。 11．（24-25高一上·江苏镇江·期末）A group of volunteers in Zhenjiang have created a small community people can share information, send messages and comfort each other. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：镇江的一群志愿者创建了一个小社区，人们可以在那里分享信息、发送信息和互相安慰。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词a small community，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 12．（23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）Close friends are those who you can really depend on and with you have the deepest relationships. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：亲密的朋友是那些你真正可以依靠的人，和你关系最深的人。分析句子可知，这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词是“those”，指代“close friends”（亲密的朋友），在定语从句“with __________ you have the deepest relationships”中，关系代词作介词“with”的宾语，且先行词指人，所以要用“whom”。故填whom。 13．（24-25高一上·河北石家庄·期末）Meetings only two languages are used may need only one interpreter. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：如果会议中只使用两种语言，那么可能只需要一名口译员。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词meetings指的是地点，所以此处使用关系副词where。故填where。 14．（24-25高一上·河北石家庄·期末）Since then, much has been done to help the thousands of people homes were destroyed. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：从那时起，已经做了很多工作来帮助成千上万的家园被毁的人们。此处为关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，先行词与空后的名词homes之间为所属关系，所以，此处使用关系代词whose在从句中作定语。故填whose。 15．（24-25高一上·河北石家庄·期末）The reason he explained for his being late was unexpected. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他解释迟到的原因出乎意料。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词The reason，为物，在从句中作宾语，所以应用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。 二、完成句子 1．（23-24高一上·河北唐山·期末）成功的一大秘诀就是以一种永不被耗尽的状态度过一生。 A great secret of success is to go through life as a man never gets used up. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。根据汉语并结合英文句子分析可知，“______ never gets used up”为之前名词“a man”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that引导从句。故填who/that。 2．（23-24高一上·广东茂名·期末）我小时候住的那栋房子已经被拆了，取而代之的是一栋办公楼。（定语从句） The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building. 【答案】 in which 【详解】考查定语从句。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，house和介词in搭配，先行词house是房子，因此用in which引导定语从句，因此空格处是in，which。故填in，which。 3．（22-23高一上·重庆·期末）这是一个可以从互联网上获得大量信息的时代。 This is people can get a lot of information from the Internet. 【答案】a time when 【详解】考查固定句型和定语从句。“这是一个……的时代”可以用固定句型This is a time when...表示，when引导定语从句，对先行词time限定说明，在从句中作状语。故填a time when。 4．（24-25高一上·重庆·期末）Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those and to bury the dead.（trap，定语从句） 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。 【答案】who were trapped 【详解】考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词those，在从句作主语，指人，用who；谓语表示“使被困”用动词trap，与主语构成被动关系，结合上文sent可知，句子使用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填who were trapped。 5．（24-25高一上·广东·期末）曾经有一段时期，人们靠狩猎和采集为生。             people lived by hunting and gathering. 【答案】 There was a time when 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表示“曾经有一段时期”句型为there be a time when…，when引导定语从句，根据后文lived可知为一般过去时，首字母大写。故填There was a time when。 6．（24-25高一上·山东日照·期末）你知道Tom昨天缺席聚会的原因吗？（定语从句） Do you know Tom was absent from the party yesterday? 【答案】the reason why/ for which 【详解】考查定语从句。表示“原因”用the reason，缺少定语从句关系词，先行词作从句的原因状语，用why/for which引导从句。故填the reason why/ for which。 7．（24-25高一上·广东广州·期末）随着大象数目大量增长，该组织认为他们之前采取的措施是有效的。 With the number of elephants , the organization thinks the measures are effective. 【答案】 increasing greatly that/which they previously took 【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和定语从句。根据汉语提示，第一空处表示“大量增长”，可以用动词短语increase greatly，在with复合结构中，elephants和increase之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作宾语补足语；第二空处表示“他们之前采取的”，是一个定语从句，先行词是the measures，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导，that可以省略，表示“之前”应用副词previously。故填increasing greatly；that/which they previously took。 8．（24-25高一上·河北唐山·期末）这部基于真实故事的电影非常感人。 The movie story is based on a true event is very moving. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意和观察英语句子可知，空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，movie和story之间是所属关系，因此用表所属的关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。 9．（24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）The Boys and Girls Club he started in Chicago has been young people since 1996. 他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 【答案】 which/that helping 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。_______ he started in Chicago是定语从句，对先行词The Boys and Girls Club进行限定说明，从句中缺少宾语，所以用关系代词which或that代替先行词在从句中作宾语。所以，第一个空格处用that或which。第二个空格处是谓语动词，“帮助”用动词help表示，主语The Boys and Girls Club与动词help之间是主动关系，所以用主动语态；根据时间状语since 1996可知，应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，结合空格前的has been可知，此处是现在完成进行时，结构为has/have been doing，表示动作从过去持续到现在并且可能还将继续进行，第二个空格处用helping。故填which/that；helping。 10．（23-24高一上·广东汕头·期末）住在那里的人有三分之二死亡或者受伤。(定语从句) Two thirds of the people were dead or injured. 【答案】 who/that lived there 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。根据中英文提示，空处为“住在那里的”，可用定语从句，修饰the people，从句中作主语，指人，可用关系代词who或者that，live“居住”，there“在那里”，作状语，根据句意和下文的were可知，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，故填who/that lived there。 11．（23-24高一上·重庆·期末）书面汉语也成为连接中国现在与过去的重要手段。(定语从句) Written Chinese has also become an important China’s present is connected with its past. 【答案】 means by which 【详解】考查名词和定语从句。“手段”使用名词means，分析句子结构可知，“连接中国现在与过去”处理为修饰means的定语从句，先行词means指物，关系词在从句中作状语，此处应用“介词+which”引导从句，by the means表示“用这种方式”，所以介词使用by。故填①means，②by，③which。 12．（23-24高一上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）在以瘦为美的社会里，青少年经常会采用极端方法瘦下来。(定语从句和turn的短语) In a society as being beautiful, teenagers often extreme methods to slim down. 【答案】 where being thin is seen turn to 【详解】考查定语从句和动词短语。根据句意可知，society后接定语从句，“瘦”be thin，使用动名词形式作从句主语，“被看作”be seen as，结合语意以及句中often可知，句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，动名词作主语，be动词使用is，代替先行词society在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句；结合语意，青少年采用极端方法，即青少年借助于极端方法，应用动词短语turn to，主语teenagers是复数，谓语动词应用原形。故填①where，②being，③thin，④is，⑤seen，⑥turn，⑦to。 13．（24-25高一上·重庆·期末）For many adults, the memories of childhood have become cherished moments, as they were in a world free of worries and cares. (time) 对许多成年人来说，童年的记忆已经变成了珍贵的瞬间，因为那是一个他们置身于无忧无虑的世界中的时光。 【答案】it was a time when 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意以及空后句子的谓语动词were可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时，所以，表示“那是一个……时光”为it was a time，time后为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以此处使用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填it was a time when。 14．（24-25高一上·陕西西安·期末）玩手机成瘾被认为是许多人现在睡眠不足的原因之一。(regard；why) Cellphone addiction many people can’t get enough sleep now. 【答案】is regarded as one of the reasons why 【详解】考查时态语态，固定短语和定语从句。“被认为是”使用固定短语be regarded as，“原因之一”使用固定短语one of the reasons，空后是定语从句，修饰reasons，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导，结合now可知使用一般现在时，主语Cellphone addiction表示单数意义，be动词使用is，故填is regarded as one of the reasons why。 15．（24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期末）在听取了研究这个问题的科学家的意见后，政府向联合国寻求帮助。 listening to the scientists had studied the problem, the government turned to the UN help. 【答案】 After who for 【详解】考查固定短语以及定语从句。根据汉语提示可知，第一个空处需要补全“在……之后”，可用介词after，后面接动名词作宾语。第二个空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the scientists。先行词指人，且在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导该从句。第三个空处考查短语turn to…for help“向……寻求帮助”。故填①After②who③for。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·甘肃定西·期末）Gulnara Tolmacheva from Russia has settled down and realized her dream in Karamay, a Chinese city about 1, 000 kilometers away from her home in Novosibirsk. Though having had interest in the Chinese language and culture since Tolmacheva was young, the 46-year-old did not pay her first visit to China until 2009. “In Urumqi, I saw different ethnic groups, busy night 1 , and restaurants 2 various kinds of food,” she says. 3 by the lively and 4 diverse (多样的) city, Tolmacheva 5 to study Chinese in Urumqi, Xinjiang, in 2013. Tolmacheva and her family 6 Karamay in 2019 after getting a job offer from the China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay. She 7 little about the city 8 its oil resources, but she now sees Karamay as her second 9 . During the pandemic, the companionship (情谊) of her students and colleagues, and the 10 from management personnel (管理人员), made her feel at home. “Every morning we would write a list of food we need, which would be 11 by the evening,” Tolmacheva recalls. “I told my parents that we have food, my work is going well, and my son is quite 12 .” Tolmacheva worked hard to inspire her students. “Language 13 is very important,” she says. “So I tried my best to teach them Russian songs and 14 short plays, even during online courses.” Tolmacheva also appreciated the way people of different ethnic groups 15 in Xinjiang. “Last year, I gave lectures to people in the petroleum industry,” she says. “They’re from different ethnic groups. All of them have a good relationship, and all of them are working hard.” 1. A．classes B．markets C．libraries D．offices 2. A．keeping B．buying C．packing D．serving 3. A．Attracted B．Puzzled C．Frightened D．Shocked 4. A．annually B．fortunately C．occasionally D．culturally 5. A．failed B．dared C．chose D．refused 6. A．moved to B．pointed to C．replied to D．referred to 7. A．reported B．knew C．wrote D．cared 8. A．in return for B．because of C．except for D．instead of 9. A．home B．university C．company D．city 10. A．pressure B．disappointment C．affair D．care 11. A．ordered B．delivered C．stored D．wasted 12. A．shy B．friendly C．smart D．healthy 13. A．research B．translation C．environment D．talent 14. A．read B．organize C．collect D．publish 15. A．get along B．work out C．turn up D．show off 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述来自俄罗斯的古尔纳拉·托尔玛切娃（Gulnara Tolmacheva）在克拉玛依定居并实现了她的梦想的故事。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“在乌鲁木齐，我看到了不同的民族，繁忙的夜市和供应各种食物的餐馆，”她说。A. classes课；B. markets市场；C. libraries图书馆；D. offices办公室。根据上文“busy night”可知，这里指熙熙攘攘的夜市。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“在乌鲁木齐，我看到了不同的民族，繁忙的夜市和供应各种食物的餐馆，”她说。A. keeping保持；B. buying购买；C. packing打包；D. serving提供。根据上文“restaurants”可知，这里指提供各种各样食物的餐馆。故选D。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：被这座充满活力和多元文化的城市所吸引，托尔马切娃于2013年选择在新疆乌鲁木齐学习汉语。A. Attracted吸引；B. Puzzled困惑；C. Frightened害怕；D. Shocked震惊。根据下文“the lively and 　　4　　 diverse (多样的) city, Tolmacheva 　　5　　 to study Chinese in Urumqi,”可知，Tolmacheva被这个充满活力和具有多种文化的城市所吸引了。故选A。 4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：被这座充满活力和多元文化的城市所吸引，托尔马切娃于2013年选择在新疆乌鲁木齐学习汉语。A. annually实际上；B. fortunately幸运地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. culturally文化地。根据上文“I saw different ethnic groups”可知，在乌鲁木齐有多样的文化。故选D。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：被这座充满活力和多元文化的城市所吸引，托尔马切娃于2013年选择在新疆乌鲁木齐学习汉语。A. failed失败；B. dared敢；C. chose选择；D. refused拒绝。根据下文“to study Chinese in Urumqi”可知，托尔马切娃被这个充满活力和具有多种文化的城市所吸引了，所以选择在乌鲁木齐学习汉语。故选C。 6. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：2019年，托尔马切娃和她的家人在得到中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依分校的工作邀请后搬到了克拉玛依。A. moved to搬到；B. pointed to指向；C. replied to回应；D. referred to提到。根据下文“after getting a job offer from the China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay”可知，Tolmacheva收到中国石油大学北京克拉玛依分校的工作邀请，所以在那之后，她应该是举家搬到了克拉玛依生活。故选A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了石油资源，她对这座城市知之甚少，但她现在把克拉玛依视为自己的第二个家。A. reported报道；B. knew知道；C. wrote写；D. cared关心。根据上文“Though having had interest in the Chinese language and culture since Tolmacheva was young, the 46-year-old did not pay her first visit to China until 2009.”可知，托尔马切娃和家人第一次来中国，所以对克拉玛依了解很少。故选B。 8. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了石油资源，她对这座城市知之甚少，但她现在把克拉玛依视为自己的第二个家。A. in return for作为回报；B. because of因为；C. except for除了……以外；D. instead of而不是。根据下文“its oil resources”可知，除了石油资源，托尔马切娃对克拉玛依这个城市知之甚少。故选C。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了石油资源，她对这座城市知之甚少，但她现在把克拉玛依视为自己的第二个家。A. home家；B. university大学；C. company公司；D. city城市。根据上文“but”可知，上下文是转折关系，以前托尔马切娃对克拉玛依这个城市知之甚少，但现在是她第二个家。故选A。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在疫情期间，她的学生和同事的陪伴，以及管理人员的关心，让她感到宾至如归。A. pressure压力；B. disappointment失望；C. affair事情；D. care关心。根据下文“made her feel at home”可知，能够使得她感觉宾至如归的应该是她的学生、同事的陪伴和管理部门对她的关心。故选D。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“每天早上，我们都会写一张我们需要的食物清单，这些食物会在晚上送到，”托尔马切娃回忆说。A. ordered命令；B. delivered递送；C. stored储存；D. wasted浪费。根据上文“Every morning we would write a list of food we need”可知，他们每天早上写出所需要的食物单子，这些食物应该是会在晚上之前送达。故选B。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我告诉父母，我们有食物，我的工作进展顺利，我的儿子很健康。A. shy害羞的；B. friendly友好的；C. smart聪明的；D. healthy健康的。根据上文“During the pandemic”可知，这是在疫情期间，所以托尔马切娃会告诉父母她家人的身体健康情况。故选D。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“语言环境很重要，”她说。A. research研究；B. translation翻译；C. environment环境；D. talent能力。根据上文“Tolmacheva worked hard to inspire her students.”可知，托尔马切娃是要教学生们学习语言，所以给他们创造语言环境很重要。故选C。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此我尽最大努力教他们俄语歌，组织表演短剧，即使在网课上也是这样。A. read读；B. organize组织；C. collect收集；D. publish印刷。根据下文“short plays”可知，表演短剧应该是需要提前安排组织好。故选B。 15. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：托尔马切娃也很欣赏新疆不同民族人民之间的相处方式。A. get along相处；B. work out解决；C. turn up出现；D. show off炫耀。根据下文“They’re from different ethnic groups. All of them have a good relationship”可知，新疆不同少数民族之间相处的很好。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·重庆·期末）“Makan already?” Do you understand what I am saying? I exist at a 1 between two worlds, one distinctly American shaped by my upbringing here, the other an echo of my Malaysian heritage from somewhere remote. A three-week stay in Malaysia every few years was often the 2 of my summers — what more can you ask from a food paradise? But besides the family, food, and escape that Malaysia offered, I got a taste of a(n) 3 in my own culture. I became a girl lost in translation, passively absorbing various 4 shouted between the stands in the wet markets, quietly 5 along at my grandparents’ huge family dinners. In America though, I am a 6 person. As a native English speaker, I don’t think twice about my grammar when speaking. I don’t 7 with the words and fear that my messages and stories won’t 8 . In Malaysia, everything about the way I 9 gives me away. Maybe my face could pass for a Malaysian local, but once I open my mouth I am so clearly not. In the place where I’m 10 to call home, my privilege and power are 11 , skinned off layer by layer each time I naturally 12 out “have you eaten?” instead of recalling the Malaysian 13 “Makan already?”. It is 14 , but it doesn’t bother me, for I know Malaysia, where my family roots lie, contributes to my 15 . 1. A．backstreet B．crossroad C．playground D．landmark 2. A．disaster B．regret C．secret D．highlight 3. A．outsider B．hunter C．professional D．translator 4. A．clues B．tongues C．proposals D．practices 5. A．playing B．wandering C．nodding D．singing 6. A．unique B．different C．frank D．modest 7. A．argue B．beg C．struggle D．share 8. A．make sense B．draw attention C．got around D．broke through 9. A．behave B．live C．speak D．think 10. A．advised B．supposed C．forced D．ordered 11. A．moved B．kept C．changed D．removed 12. A．find B．throw C．figure D．leave 13. A．variety B．custom C．context D．expression 14. A．awkward B．attractive C．scary D．effective 15. A．language B．habit C．identity D．courage 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在美国长大，故乡在马来西亚，文化的差异让作者对于在马来西亚生活感到困难，但是作者知道自己的家庭根源在这里。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我生活在两个世界的交叉口，一个是由我在这里长大形成的明显的美国人，另一个是来自遥远地方的马来西亚传统的回响。A. backstreet后街小巷；B. crossroad十字路口；C. playground操场；D. landmark地标。根据后文“one distinctly American shaped by my upbringing here, the other an echo of my Malaysian heritage from somewhere remote(一个是由我在这里长大形成的明显的美国人，另一个是来自遥远地方的马来西亚传统的回响)”可知，作者生活在两个世界的十字路口，故选B。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每隔几年在马来西亚呆三个星期常常是我夏天的“亮点”——你还能从一个美食天堂要求什么呢？A. disaster灾难；B. regret后悔；C. secret秘密；D. highlight亮点。根据后文“what more can you ask from a food paradise?”可知，马来西亚是美食天堂，因此推测是作者的夏日亮点，故选D。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但除了马来西亚提供的家庭、食物和逃避之外，我还在自己的文化中尝到了外来者的滋味。A. outsider局外人，外来者；B. hunter猎人；C. professional专业人士；D. translator翻译员。根据后文“I became a girl lost in translation, passively absorbing”提到作者被动听着叫卖声，推测在马来西亚成了外来者，故选A。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我变成了一个迷失在翻译中的女孩，被动地听着菜市场里摊位间的各种叫卖声，在祖父母的家庭聚餐上安静地点头。A. clues线索；B. tongues语气，语言；C. proposals建议；D. practices实践。根据后文“shouted between the stands in the wet markets”指被动地听着菜市场里摊位间的各种叫卖声，故选B。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我变成了一个迷失在翻译中的女孩，被动地听着菜市场里摊位间的各种叫卖声，在祖父母的家庭聚餐上安静地点头。A. playing玩耍；B. wandering漫游；C. nodding点头；D. singing唱歌。根据上文“passively absorbing”可知，作者被动地听着，说明插不上话，也只能在祖父母的家庭聚餐上安静地点头。故选C。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而在美国，我是一个不同的人。A. unique独特的；B. different不同的；C. frank坦白的；D. modest谦虚的。根据后文“As a native English speaker, I don’t think twice about my grammar when speaking.(作为一个以英语为母语的人，我说话的时候不会考虑语法问题)”可知，作者在美国表现不同，故选B。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不会在语言上挣扎，也不会担心我的信息和故事没有意义。A. argue争论；B. beg恳求；C. struggle努力、挣扎；D. share分享。根据上文“As a native English speaker, I don’t think twice about my grammar when speaking.(作为一个以英语为母语的人，我说话的时候不会考虑语法问题)”可知，作者在美国不会在语言上挣扎，故选C。 8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不会在语言上挣扎，也不会担心我的信息和故事没有意义。A. make sense有意义，说得通；B. draw attention吸引注意力；C. got around规避、四处走动；D. broke through突破。根据上文“my messages and stories won’t”可知，作者在美国不会担心自己的信息和故事没有意义。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在马来西亚，我说话的所有方式都暴露了我的身份。A. behave行为；B. live居住；C. speak说话；D. think思考。根据上文“everything about the way I”以及后文“Maybe my face could pass for a Malaysian local, but once I open my mouth I am so clearly not.(也许我的脸看起来像马来西亚本地人，但一旦我开口，我就很明显不是)”可知，作者说话的所有方式都暴露了作者不是本地人的事实。故选C。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个我应该称之为家的地方，我的特权和权力被剥夺了，每次我自然而然地抛出“have you eaten?”，而不是想起马来西亚人说的“Makan already?”A. advised建议；B. supposed认为；C. forced迫使；D. ordered命令。根据后文“to call home”可知，作者本来应该把马来西亚称之为家，应用be supposed to表示“应该”。故选B。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个我应该称之为家的地方，我的特权和权力被一层一层地剥夺了，每次我自然而然地抛出“have you eaten?”，而不是想起马来西亚人说的“Makan already?”A. moved移动；B. kept保持；C. changed改变；D. removed去除。根据后文“skinned off layer by layer”指作者在马来西亚的特权和权力被剥夺了，故选D。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个我应该称之为家的地方，我的特权和权力被一层一层地剥夺了，每次我自然而然地抛出“have you eaten?”，而不是想起马来西亚人说的“Makan already?”A. find找到；B. throw抛出、随口说出；C. figure认为；D. leave离开。根据后文“out “have you eaten?””指抛出这句日常表达，应用throw out。故选B。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个我应该称之为家的地方，我的特权和权力被一层一层地剥夺了，每次我自然而然地抛出“have you eaten?”，而不是想起马来西亚人说的“Makan already?”A. variety多样性；B. custom习俗；C. context语境；D. expression表达。后文“Makan already?”是马来西亚人的日常表达。故选D。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很尴尬，但这并不困扰我，因为我知道马来西亚，我的家庭根源所在，有助于我的身份认同。A. awkward尴尬的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. scary可怕的；D. effective有效的。上文“out “have you eaten?” instead of recalling the Malaysian”提到作者用错了日常表达，所以是感到尴尬，故选A。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这很尴尬，但这并不困扰我，因为我知道马来西亚，我的家庭根源所在，有助于我的身份认同。A. language语言；B. habit习惯；C. identity身份；D. courage勇气。根据上文“I know Malaysia, where my family roots lie, contributes to my”指作者的家庭根源在马来西亚，有助于作者的身份认同。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·辽宁锦州·期末）I have been presented with many chances to experience living in a foreign culture. However, my first encounter took place in an unexpected location — my very own country. At the age of 20, I landed an internship (实习职位) in New York City. It was my first time to 1 outside of my home state of Texas. With my move north came culture 2 . I grew up in a big city in Texas. But it was no comparison to the tightly 3 New York with their 8 million citizens. I was used to life at a 4 pace: New York moved fast. The saying is true — this city never 5 . I had to adjust. My first reaction was fear. Fear I would 6 at my new internship in the 54-story office building. Fear of getting lost on the subway. Fear that the locals wouldn’t have 7 for my frequent moments of confusion. My 8 ranged from reasonable to silly. But I 9 my fears and kept trying. I learned quickly never to 10 a New Yorker always speaks English. New York is home to people of all walks of life, from all corners of the world. At weekends, I would spend hours 11 along Canal Street in Chinatown — the closest I’d ever been to an 12 country. By the end of my internship, I was a little older, a little wiser and sick of big city life. I 13 the skyscrapers, tourists and the high price I had to pay for a cheeseburger and fries. But I had 14 , too. I was quicker, smarter and more independent. I knew I would miss that feeling of having the world right at my doorstep. But it was good 15 for the life of travel I’d soon begin. 1. A．study B．live C．travel D．explore 2. A．heritage B．exchange C．shock D．feast 3. A．packed B．crazy C．equipped D．stressful 4. A．quick B．competitive C．unique D．relaxed 5. A．sleeps B．changes C．adapts D．disappears 6. A．battle B．fail C．sweat D．recover 7. A．preference B．respect C．desire D．patience 8. A．fear B．relief C．sadness D．tiredness 9. A．admitted B．overcame C．lost D．inspired 10. A．ensure B．comment C．assume D．discover 11. A．reviewing B．hiking C．wandering D．observing 12. A．European B．African C．American D．Asian 13. A．admired B．hated C．afforded D．rented 14. A．grown B．won C．struggled D．practised 15. A．celebration B．emotion C．preparation D．contribution 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者离开家乡德克萨斯州到纽约当实习生，这期间作者经历了从焦虑、恐惧到直面困难努力奋斗，体验了快节奏的生活，也得到了成长，变得更加独立，为今后的人生打下了基础。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我第一次生活在家乡得克萨斯州以外的地方。A. study学习，研究；B. live生活，居住；C. travel旅行，运行；D. explore探索。根据上文“At the age of 20, I landed an internship (实习职位) in New York City.(20岁时，我在纽约找到了一份实习工作)”和本句Texas可知，此处指作者第一次在远离家乡的地方生活。故选B。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我往北，文化冲击随之而来。A. heritage遗产；B. exchange交换，交流；C. shock震惊，撞击；D. feast盛宴。根据下文讲述内容可知，纽约的生活和德克萨斯州不一样，由此可知，作者经历了文化冲突。culture shock“文化冲击”是固定短语。故选C。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这无法与拥有800万公民的拥挤的纽约相比。A. packed拥挤的，大量的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. equipped配有……的；D. stressful压力大的，紧张的。根据“with their 8 million citizens.”可知，纽约非常拥挤。故选A。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我习惯了轻松的生活节奏。A. quick快的；B. competitive竞争的；C. unique独特的，唯一的；D. relaxed放松的。根据下文“New York moved fast.”推知，纽约节奏很快，来自德克萨斯州的作者习惯了轻松的生活节奏。故选D。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种说法是真的——这个城市不睡觉。A. sleeps睡觉；B. changes改变；C. adapts适应；D. disappears消失。根据上文“New York moved fast.”可知，纽约生活节奏快，是个不夜城。故选A。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：害怕我在54层办公楼的新实习失败。A. battle战斗；B. fail失败；C. sweat流汗；D. recover恢复。根据上文“At the age of 20, I landed an internship (实习职位) in New York City.(20岁时，我在纽约找到了一份实习工作)”可知，作者找到了一份实习工作，害怕实习失败。故选B。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：担心当地人对我频繁的困惑没有耐心。A. preference偏爱；B. respect尊重；C. desire渴望；D. patience耐心。根据“my frequent moments of confusion”推知，作者害怕当地人对自己频繁的困惑没有耐心。故选D。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的恐惧从合理到愚蠢不等。A. fear恐惧；B. relief宽慰，解脱；C. sadness悲伤；D. tiredness疲惫。本段上文一直在谈论作者的恐惧，因此此处指作者的恐惧有的是合理的，有的是愚蠢的。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我克服自己的恐惧，继续努力。A. admitted承认；B. overcame克服；C. lost丢失；D. inspired鼓舞，启发。根据“kept trying”推知，作者克服自己的恐惧，继续努力。故选B。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很快就学会了永远不要以为纽约人总是说英语。A. ensure确保；B. comment评论；C. assume假设，认为；D. discover发现。根据下文“New York is home to people of all walks of life, from all corners of the world.”可知，纽约是来自世界各个角落、各行各业的人的家园，此处指不要总以为纽约人都说英语。故选C。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：周末，我会花几个小时在唐人街的运河街闲逛，这是我去过的离亚洲国家最近的地方。A. reviewing复习；B. hiking远足；C. wandering漫游，闲逛；D. observing观察。根据“At weekends”推知，作者在周末会沿着唐人街的运河闲逛。故选C。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. European欧洲的；B. African非洲的；C. American美洲的；D. Asian亚洲的。根据“Chinatown”可知，此处是指一个亚洲国家。故选D。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我讨厌摩天大楼、游客和我不得不为一个芝士汉堡和薯条支付的高昂价格。A. admired钦佩，欣赏；B. hated讨厌；C. afforded承担得起；D. rented租。根据上文“sick of big city life”推知，作者讨厌摩天大楼、游客和昂贵的物价。故选B。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我也成长了。A. grown长大，成长；B. won赢得；C. struggled挣扎，奋力；D. practised练习。根据下文“I was quicker, smarter and more independent.”可知，作者也成长了。故选A。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这为我即将开始的人生做了很好的准备。A. celebration庆祝；B. emotion情绪，强烈的情感；C. preparation准备；D. contribution贡献。根据上文内容可知，作者通过在纽约生活和实习变得更明智、独立，这为他以后的人生做好了准备。故选C。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·河北保定·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Liu Ruying, 1 grandfather is a huge fan of Peking Opera, has been interested in Peking Opera for much of her young life. Her grandfather is a great influence 2 her. At the age of 8, she 3 (begin) to practice the classic art. It wasn’t easy for a little girl 4 (experience) the difficult training, as performances combine martial arts, dancing and acrobatics(杂技). “Sometimes I was tired,“ she said. ”I had to balance my studies and other 5 (course) I was interested in, such as dance. But the great charm(魅力) of Peking Opera made me always practice it.” When Liu got the news that her region would have a cultural exchange with other countries, she had the idea of 6 (introduce) Peking Opera to the world in English. With 7 help of her mother, she took part in the activity after several months of practice. “I 8 (extreme) love traditional Chinese culture,” she said. “Peking Opera has a long history of about 200 years and 9 (consider) a treasure of our nation. We should let 10 (we) make great efforts to carry forward our culture and protect the cultural diversity of the world.” 【答案】 1. whose 2. on 3. began 4. to experience 5. courses 6. introducing 7. the 8. extremely 9. is considered 10. ourselves 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了刘如英从小受到爷爷的影响对京剧产生了极大的热爱，在一次活动中用英语向世界介绍京剧，为弘扬中国文化和保护世界文化多样性做出巨大努力。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：刘如英的爷爷是京剧迷，在她年轻的大部分时间里都对京剧感兴趣。分析句子可知，空格处缺少非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是Liu Ruying定语从句缺少定语表示“谁的”。故填whose。 2. 考查介词。句意：她的祖父对她影响很大。分析句子可知，空格处构成固定搭配a great influence on sb对某人的巨大影响。故填on。 3. 考查动词时态。句意：8岁时，她开始练习经典艺术。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语部分，时间状语是At the age of 8时态应使用一般过去时。故填began。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：对于一个小女孩来说，这项艰巨的训练并不容易。分析句子可知，It为形式主语，空格处为不定式作真正主语。故填to experience。 5. 考查名词单复数形式。句意：我必须平衡我的学业和我感兴趣的其他课程，比如舞蹈。分析句子可知，空格处为and连接的并列成分，前面是名词，and后也应使用名词形式，course是可数名词，前面有other限定表示“除了学习之外的课程”，应使用复数形式。故填courses。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她萌生了用英语向世界介绍京剧的想法。分析句子可知，空格处为介词of的宾语，动词introduce作宾语应使用动名词形式。故填introducing。 7. 考查冠词和固定短语。句意：在母亲的帮助下，经过几个月的练习，她参加了这项活动。分析句子可知，空格处构成固定短语With the help of在……的帮助下，故填the。 8. 考查副词。句意：我非常热爱中国传统文化。分析句子可知，空格处为句子状语部分，应使用副词修饰动词love,故填extremely。 9. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：京剧有大约200年的悠久历史，被认为是我们国家的瑰宝。分析句子可知，空格处为句子并列谓语表示“被认为是”，应使用被动语态，主语是Peking Opera表示的是现在的状态，应使用一般现在时的被动语态形式。故填is considered。 10. 考查代词。句意：我们应该让我们自己为弘扬我们的文化和保护世界文化多样性做出巨大努力。分析句子可知，空格处为句子宾语，代词we和主语一致，应使用反身代词。故填ourselves。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·贵州六盘水·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A typhoon is a harmful storm 1 occurs in the north-west Pacific Ocean. In 2013,when Super Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines and neighbouring countries, huge waves there 2 (crash) into the coasts, causing serious damage. The disaster killed thousands of people in the area at large. Although no way might be found 3 (stop) a typhoon, you can get 4 (prepare) for it. Typhoon is one of the strongest stroms to 5 (threat) people’s lives. In order to protect yourself from a typhoon, follow the safety procedures properly. If a typhoon approaches, close 6 lock all windows and doors, and tie down large outdoor 7 (object) so that they do not blow away. During a typhoon, you should do 8 (you) best to keep your head. It is also 9 (extreme) important that you stay inside. If you have to go outside, remember to exit using the stairs. When you are in 10 open air, stay away from trees, large signs and light poles. Inform yourself of what is going on and pay attention to news updates to confirm whether the danger is gone. These tips will help keep you safe and sound in the face of a typhoon. 【答案】 1. which/that 2. crashed 3. to stop 4. prepared 5. threaten 6. and 7. objects 8. your 9. extremely 10. the 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了台风的定义、危害以及如何在台风来临时做好防护措施。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：台风是一种发生在西北太平洋的有害风暴。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词storm，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中主语，故用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 2. 考查动词时态。句意：2013年，当超级台风海燕袭击菲律宾及邻国时，巨大的海浪冲击海岸，造成严重破坏。空格处作谓语动词，描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时crashed。故填crashed。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管可能找不到阻止台风的方法，但你可以做好准备。说明上文的名词way，应该用不定式形式，表示目的或解决方案的意图。故填to stop。 4. 考查形容词。句意：尽管可能找不到阻止台风的方法，但你可以做好准备。根据句意和空格前的系动词get可知，空格处应该用形容词prepared作表语，be/get prepared for (为……作准备)。故填prepared。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：台风是对人类生命构成威胁的最强风暴之一。根据句意和空格前的不定式符号to可知，空格处应该用动词原形threaten。故填threaten。 6. 考查连词。句意：如果台风来袭，关闭并锁好所有门窗，并固定大型户外物品，以防它们被吹走。空格处连接两个并列的动词close和lock，故用并列连词and。故填and。 7. 考查名词复数。句意：如果台风来袭，关闭并锁好所有门窗，并固定大型户外物品，以防它们被吹走。object是可数名词，此处应该用复数形式表示泛指。故填objects。 8. 考查代词。句意：在台风期间，你应该尽你最大的努力保持冷静。do one’s best“尽最大努力”是固定搭配，所以空格处应该用形容词性物主代词your。故填your。 9. 考查副词。句意：你待在室内也极其重要。空格处修饰形容词important，作状语，应该用副词extremely。故填extremely。 10. 考查冠词。句意：当你在户外时，远离树木、大型标志和路灯。in the open air“在户外”是固定搭配。故填the。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上·贵州贵阳·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 My mother entered a nursing home as her Alzheimer’s(阿尔兹海默) disease got 1 (bad). I smiled as I tried to explain to a Chinese friend that many 2 (American) really care about their aging parents. But parents often enjoy 3 (live) by themselves and may refuse help. Of course, this is different from most Chinese parents 4 want to stay with their adult children in the future. After living 5 China for over 30 years, I came to appreciate the Chinese people’s care for 6 (they) aging parents. Every morning when the sun would warm up the little park near my home, I saw a man—maybe the son—walk with his mother who 7 (obvious) had suffered a stroke(中风). He supported her weak body and 8 (walk) slowly with her as she dragged one foot behind her. I couldn’t tell if they 9 (talk) as I watched them through my window, but it was 10 picture of love between an elderly mother and her kind son. I don’t know what care is better for aging parents, but in my opinion, I have lacked(缺乏) enough respect for the elderly. I have learned more from the Chinese about what true love is. 【答案】 1. worse 2. Americans 3. living 4. who/that 5. in 6. their 7. obviously 8. walked 9. were talking 10. a 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在母亲住进养老院之后，对比了中美两国养老的不同。 1. 考查形容词比较级。句意：我母亲的阿尔茨海默病恶化后，她住进了养老院。get worse越来越差。故填worse。 2. 考查名词的数。句意：我微笑着向一位中国朋友解释，许多美国人真的很关心他们年迈的父母。形容词many后接可数名词的复数形式。故填Americans。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：但父母往往喜欢独自生活，可能会拒绝帮助。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。故填living。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：当然，这与大多数希望将来和成年子女待在一起的中国父母不同。句中先行词为Chinese parents，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 5. 考查介词。句意：在中国生活了30多年后，我开始欣赏中国人对年迈父母的照顾。表示“在中国”，用介词in。故填in。 6. 考查代词。句意：在中国生活了30多年后，我开始欣赏中国人对年迈父母的照顾。名词aging parents前用形容词性物主代词，作定语。故填their。 7. 考查副词。句意：每天早晨，当太阳温暖了我家附近的小公园时，我看到一个男人——也许是儿子——和他的母亲散步，他的母亲显然中风了。修饰动词，用副词形式。故填obviously。 8. 考查时态。句意：他扶着她虚弱的身体，拖着她的一只脚慢慢地走着。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。故填walked。 9. 考查时态。句意：我透过窗户看着他们，看不出他们是否在说话，但这是一位年迈的母亲和她善良的儿子之间的爱的画面。结合句意，表示过去正在发生的事情，用过去进行时。主语是they，谓语动词用复数形式。故填were talking。 10. 考查冠词。句意：我透过窗户看着他们，看不出他们是否在说话，但这是一位年迈的母亲和她善良的儿子之间的爱的画面。名词picture为可数名词，泛指，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 ( 乐思英语 ) 12 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ( 单元核心语法·精练 ) 必修二 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage （限制性定语从句-3） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、限制性定语从句中关系词的用法 用法介绍 限制性定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，需根据先行词的类型（人 / 物 / 时间 / 地点等）及在从句中充当的成分（主语 / 宾语 / 状语）选择。 类型 关系词 指代 从句中成分 示例 关系 代词 who 人 主语（不可省略） The boy who helped me is Tom.（帮我的男孩是汤姆。） whom 人 宾语（可省略） The doctor whom you visited is very kind.（你拜访的医生很友善。） which 物 主语 / 宾语（宾语可省略） The car which is red belongs to her.（那辆红色的车是她的。） This is the bag（which）I need.（这是我需要的包。） that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语（宾语可省略） He is the man that we talked about.（他是我们谈论的那个人。） The dog that barks is mine.（叫的狗是我的。） whose 人 / 物的所属 定语 The girl whose bag is red is Lily.（包是红色的女孩是莉莉。） This is a tree whose leaves turn yellow in autumn.（这是一棵秋天叶子变黄的树。） 关系副词 when 时间名词（day, time 等） 时间状语 I remember the day when we first met.（我记得我们第一次见面的那天。） where 地点名词（city, place 等） 地点状语 This is the school where I studied.（这是我就读过的学校。） why 原因名词（reason） 原因状语 Do you know the reason why he was late?（你知道他迟到的原因吗？） 注意事项 1. that 的优先使用场景： 1） 先行词被最高级（如 the best）、序数词（如 the first）修饰时（如 This is the best film that I’ve seen.）； 2） 先行词既有人又有物时（如 He told stories about the teachers and schools that he knew.）； 3） 先行词为不定代词（all, nothing 等）时（如 There’s nothing that can stop him.）。 2. who 与 whom 的辨析：who 作主语，whom 作宾语（口语中可用 who 代替 whom，但介词后必须用 whom，如 The girl to whom he gave a gift is my cousin.）。 3. 关系副词与 “介词 + 关系代词” 的转换：when 可转换为 “介词 + which”（如 the day on which = the day when），where 可转换为 “介词 + which”（如 the school in which = the school where）。 二、“介词 + 关系代词” 结构在限制性定语从句中的应用 用法介绍 “介词 + 关系代词（which/whom）” 在限制性定语从句中可替代关系副词，或直接修饰先行词，介词的选择取决于先行词搭配、从句动词搭配或句意。 结构 适用场景 示例 介词 + which 先行词为物，替代关系副词 when/where The year in which he was born is 2000.（他出生的年份是 2000 年。= The year when...） The room in which he lives is small.（他住的房间很小。= The room where...） 介词 + whom 先行词为人，表 “对 / 为 / 和……” 等关系 The boy with whom he played is my brother.（和他一起玩的男孩是我弟弟。）（play with 搭配） The teacher to whom you wrote is very strict.（你写信给的老师很严格。）（write to 搭配） 注意事项 1. 介词不可前置的情况：若从句中动词与介词构成固定短语（如 look after, call on），介词不可置于关系代词前（错误：the person after whom he looked 正确：the person whom he looked after）。 2. 介词选择依据： 1） 结合先行词的固定搭配（如 the key to which，key 与 to 搭配）； 2） 结合从句动词的固定搭配（如 the man whom she talked to，talk to 搭配）； 3） 结合句意逻辑（如 the house in which he works，表 “在房子里工作” 用 in）。 3. 避免使用 that：“介词 + 关系代词” 结构中，关系代词只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人），不能用 that（错误：the bag in that he put his books 正确：the bag in which he put his books）。 一、单句语法填空题：在空格处填入一个适当的单词 1．（23-24高一上·广西梧州·期末）A typhoon is an extremely strong wind often happens on the Western Pacific Ocean. 2．（23-24高一上·广西梧州·期末）My parents like to live in a town there is plenty of sunshine. 3．（24-25高一上·广东惠州·期末）This is the library in I spent countless hours studying during my college years. 4．（24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末）The colourless gas which we cannot live is called oxygen. 5．（24-25高一上·福建·期末）The article shows the process which the author got used to a new environment, made new friends, and found a sense of belonging. 6．（24-25高一上·广东深圳·期末）David was more than certain about getting his ideal job because the position which he applied was a perfect match for his skills. 7．（24-25高一上·福建漳州·期末）The book from I got a lot of knowledge was quite interesting. 8．（24-25高一上·北京西城·期末）The actors played in the film Avatar received a lot of praise for their excellent performances. 9．（24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）I like the writers and their works you mentioned the other day. 10．（24-25高一上·吉林·期末）The photo he showed me was taken when he was 5 years old. 11．（24-25高一上·江苏镇江·期末）A group of volunteers in Zhenjiang have created a small community people can share information, send messages and comfort each other. 12．（23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）Close friends are those who you can really depend on and with you have the deepest relationships. 13．（24-25高一上·河北石家庄·期末）Meetings only two languages are used may need only one interpreter. 14．（24-25高一上·河北石家庄·期末）Since then, much has been done to help the thousands of people homes were destroyed. 15．（24-25高一上·河北石家庄·期末）The reason he explained for his being late was unexpected. 二、完成句子 1．（23-24高一上·河北唐山·期末）成功的一大秘诀就是以一种永不被耗尽的状态度过一生。 A great secret of success is to go through life as a man never gets used up. 2．（23-24高一上·广东茂名·期末）我小时候住的那栋房子已经被拆了，取而代之的是一栋办公楼。（定语从句） The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building. 3．（22-23高一上·重庆·期末）这是一个可以从互联网上获得大量信息的时代。 This is people can get a lot of information from the Internet. 4．（24-25高一上·重庆·期末）Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those and to bury the dead.（trap，定语从句） 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。 5．（24-25高一上·广东·期末）曾经有一段时期，人们靠狩猎和采集为生。             people lived by hunting and gathering. 6．（24-25高一上·山东日照·期末）你知道Tom昨天缺席聚会的原因吗？（定语从句） Do you know Tom was absent from the party yesterday? 7．（24-25高一上·广东广州·期末）随着大象数目大量增长，该组织认为他们之前采取的措施是有效的。 With the number of elephants , the organization thinks the measures are effective. 8．（24-25高一上·河北唐山·期末）这部基于真实故事的电影非常感人。 The movie story is based on a true event is very moving. 9．（24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）The Boys and Girls Club he started in Chicago has been young people since 1996. 他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 10．（23-24高一上·广东汕头·期末）住在那里的人有三分之二死亡或者受伤。(定语从句) Two thirds of the people were dead or injured. 11．（23-24高一上·重庆·期末）书面汉语也成为连接中国现在与过去的重要手段。(定语从句) Written Chinese has also become an important China’s present is connected with its past. 12．（23-24高一上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）在以瘦为美的社会里，青少年经常会采用极端方法瘦下来。(定语从句和turn的短语) In a society as being beautiful, teenagers often extreme methods to slim down. 13．（24-25高一上·重庆·期末）For many adults, the memories of childhood have become cherished moments, as they were in a world free of worries and cares. (time) 对许多成年人来说，童年的记忆已经变成了珍贵的瞬间，因为那是一个他们置身于无忧无虑的世界中的时光。 14．（24-25高一上·陕西西安·期末）玩手机成瘾被认为是许多人现在睡眠不足的原因之一。(regard；why) Cellphone addiction many people can’t get enough sleep now. 15．（24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期末）在听取了研究这个问题的科学家的意见后，政府向联合国寻求帮助。 listening to the scientists had studied the problem, the government turned to the UN help. 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·甘肃定西·期末）Gulnara Tolmacheva from Russia has settled down and realized her dream in Karamay, a Chinese city about 1, 000 kilometers away from her home in Novosibirsk. Though having had interest in the Chinese language and culture since Tolmacheva was young, the 46-year-old did not pay her first visit to China until 2009. “In Urumqi, I saw different ethnic groups, busy night 1 , and restaurants 2 various kinds of food,” she says. 3 by the lively and 4 diverse (多样的) city, Tolmacheva 5 to study Chinese in Urumqi, Xinjiang, in 2013. Tolmacheva and her family 6 Karamay in 2019 after getting a job offer from the China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay. She 7 little about the city 8 its oil resources, but she now sees Karamay as her second 9 . During the pandemic, the companionship (情谊) of her students and colleagues, and the 10 from management personnel (管理人员), made her feel at home. “Every morning we would write a list of food we need, which would be 11 by the evening,” Tolmacheva recalls. “I told my parents that we have food, my work is going well, and my son is quite 12 .” Tolmacheva worked hard to inspire her students. “Language 13 is very important,” she says. “So I tried my best to teach them Russian songs and 14 short plays, even during online courses.” Tolmacheva also appreciated the way people of different ethnic groups 15 in Xinjiang. “Last year, I gave lectures to people in the petroleum industry,” she says. “They’re from different ethnic groups. All of them have a good relationship, and all of them are working hard.” 1. A．classes B．markets C．libraries D．offices 2. A．keeping B．buying C．packing D．serving 3. A．Attracted B．Puzzled C．Frightened D．Shocked 4. A．annually B．fortunately C．occasionally D．culturally 5. A．failed B．dared C．chose D．refused 6. A．moved to B．pointed to C．replied to D．referred to 7. A．reported B．knew C．wrote D．cared 8. A．in return for B．because of C．except for D．instead of 9. A．home B．university C．company D．city 10. A．pressure B．disappointment C．affair D．care 11. A．ordered B．delivered C．stored D．wasted 12. A．shy B．friendly C．smart D．healthy 13. A．research B．translation C．environment D．talent 14. A．read B．organize C．collect D．publish 15. A．get along B．work out C．turn up D．show off Passage 2 （24-25高一上·重庆·期末）“Makan already?” Do you understand what I am saying? I exist at a 1 between two worlds, one distinctly American shaped by my upbringing here, the other an echo of my Malaysian heritage from somewhere remote. A three-week stay in Malaysia every few years was often the 2 of my summers — what more can you ask from a food paradise? But besides the family, food, and escape that Malaysia offered, I got a taste of a(n) 3 in my own culture. I became a girl lost in translation, passively absorbing various 4 shouted between the stands in the wet markets, quietly 5 along at my grandparents’ huge family dinners. In America though, I am a 6 person. As a native English speaker, I don’t think twice about my grammar when speaking. I don’t 7 with the words and fear that my messages and stories won’t 8 . In Malaysia, everything about the way I 9 gives me away. Maybe my face could pass for a Malaysian local, but once I open my mouth I am so clearly not. In the place where I’m 10 to call home, my privilege and power are 11 , skinned off layer by layer each time I naturally 12 out “have you eaten?” instead of recalling the Malaysian 13 “Makan already?”. It is 14 , but it doesn’t bother me, for I know Malaysia, where my family roots lie, contributes to my 15 . 1. A．backstreet B．crossroad C．playground D．landmark 2. A．disaster B．regret C．secret D．highlight 3. A．outsider B．hunter C．professional D．translator 4. A．clues B．tongues C．proposals D．practices 5. A．playing B．wandering C．nodding D．singing 6. A．unique B．different C．frank D．modest 7. A．argue B．beg C．struggle D．share 8. A．make sense B．draw attention C．got around D．broke through 9. A．behave B．live C．speak D．think 10. A．advised B．supposed C．forced D．ordered 11. A．moved B．kept C．changed D．removed 12. A．find B．throw C．figure D．leave 13. A．variety B．custom C．context D．expression 14. A．awkward B．attractive C．scary D．effective 15. A．language B．habit C．identity D．courage Passage 3 （24-25高一上·辽宁锦州·期末）I have been presented with many chances to experience living in a foreign culture. However, my first encounter took place in an unexpected location — my very own country. At the age of 20, I landed an internship (实习职位) in New York City. It was my first time to 1 outside of my home state of Texas. With my move north came culture 2 . I grew up in a big city in Texas. But it was no comparison to the tightly 3 New York with their 8 million citizens. I was used to life at a 4 pace: New York moved fast. The saying is true — this city never 5 . I had to adjust. My first reaction was fear. Fear I would 6 at my new internship in the 54-story office building. Fear of getting lost on the subway. Fear that the locals wouldn’t have 7 for my frequent moments of confusion. My 8 ranged from reasonable to silly. But I 9 my fears and kept trying. I learned quickly never to 10 a New Yorker always speaks English. New York is home to people of all walks of life, from all corners of the world. At weekends, I would spend hours 11 along Canal Street in Chinatown — the closest I’d ever been to an 12 country. By the end of my internship, I was a little older, a little wiser and sick of big city life. I 13 the skyscrapers, tourists and the high price I had to pay for a cheeseburger and fries. But I had 14 , too. I was quicker, smarter and more independent. I knew I would miss that feeling of having the world right at my doorstep. But it was good 15 for the life of travel I’d soon begin. 1. A．study B．live C．travel D．explore 2. A．heritage B．exchange C．shock D．feast 3. A．packed B．crazy C．equipped D．stressful 4. A．quick B．competitive C．unique D．relaxed 5. A．sleeps B．changes C．adapts D．disappears 6. A．battle B．fail C．sweat D．recover 7. A．preference B．respect C．desire D．patience 8. A．fear B．relief C．sadness D．tiredness 9. A．admitted B．overcame C．lost D．inspired 10. A．ensure B．comment C．assume D．discover 11. A．reviewing B．hiking C．wandering D．observing 12. A．European B．African C．American D．Asian 13. A．admired B．hated C．afforded D．rented 14. A．grown B．won C．struggled D．practised 15. A．celebration B．emotion C．preparation D．contribution 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·河北保定·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Liu Ruying, 1 grandfather is a huge fan of Peking Opera, has been interested in Peking Opera for much of her young life. Her grandfather is a great influence 2 her. At the age of 8, she 3 (begin) to practice the classic art. It wasn’t easy for a little girl 4 (experience) the difficult training, as performances combine martial arts, dancing and acrobatics(杂技). “Sometimes I was tired,“ she said. ”I had to balance my studies and other 5 (course) I was interested in, such as dance. But the great charm(魅力) of Peking Opera made me always practice it.” When Liu got the news that her region would have a cultural exchange with other countries, she had the idea of 6 (introduce) Peking Opera to the world in English. With 7 help of her mother, she took part in the activity after several months of practice. “I 8 (extreme) love traditional Chinese culture,” she said. “Peking Opera has a long history of about 200 years and 9 (consider) a treasure of our nation. We should let 10 (we) make great efforts to carry forward our culture and protect the cultural diversity of the world.” Passage 2 （24-25高一上·贵州六盘水·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A typhoon is a harmful storm 1 occurs in the north-west Pacific Ocean. In 2013,when Super Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines and neighbouring countries, huge waves there 2 (crash) into the coasts, causing serious damage. The disaster killed thousands of people in the area at large. Although no way might be found 3 (stop) a typhoon, you can get 4 (prepare) for it. Typhoon is one of the strongest stroms to 5 (threat) people’s lives. In order to protect yourself from a typhoon, follow the safety procedures properly. If a typhoon approaches, close 6 lock all windows and doors, and tie down large outdoor 7 (object) so that they do not blow away. During a typhoon, you should do 8 (you) best to keep your head. It is also 9 (extreme) important that you stay inside. If you have to go outside, remember to exit using the stairs. When you are in 10 open air, stay away from trees, large signs and light poles. Inform yourself of what is going on and pay attention to news updates to confirm whether the danger is gone. These tips will help keep you safe and sound in the face of a typhoon. Passage 3 （23-24高一上·贵州贵阳·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 My mother entered a nursing home as her Alzheimer’s(阿尔兹海默) disease got 1 (bad). I smiled as I tried to explain to a Chinese friend that many 2 (American) really care about their aging parents. But parents often enjoy 3 (live) by themselves and may refuse help. Of course, this is different from most Chinese parents 4 want to stay with their adult children in the future. After living 5 China for over 30 years, I came to appreciate the Chinese people’s care for 6 (they) aging parents. Every morning when the sun would warm up the little park near my home, I saw a man—maybe the son—walk with his mother who 7 (obvious) had suffered a stroke(中风). He supported her weak body and 8 (walk) slowly with her as she dragged one foot behind her. I couldn’t tell if they 9 (talk) as I watched them through my window, but it was 10 picture of love between an elderly mother and her kind son. I don’t know what care is better for aging parents, but in my opinion, I have lacked(缺乏) enough respect for the elderly. I have learned more from the Chinese about what true love is. ( 乐思英语 ) 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$