选修2 Unit 6 Survival-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版）

选择性必修第二册 Unit 6 Survival 主题语境　生存 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 背诵默写本 ◆重点单词 五级词汇 infer vt.推断,推定(n.inference) 四级词汇 *advanced adj.高级的;先进的 agency n.[C](尤指政府内的)局,部,处;机构,代理处,经销处,代理机构 appreciate vt.[不用于进行时]欣赏;赏识;感激,感谢;理解,明白(n.appreciation) 　appreciate (sb.) doing sth.感谢(某人)做某事 　I'd appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激。 　appreciate the significance/value of sth.理解某事的重要性/意义 　appreciate＋that/wh-从句意识到……,明白…… cave n.[C]洞穴;山洞 crime n.[C]罪,罪行(offence);[单数]不道德的行为,罪过;[U](泛指)犯罪活动 fuel n.[C]&[U]燃料 vt.& vi.给(交通工具)加油 vt.增强,刺激 react vi.(作出)反应(respond);产生不良反应;起化学反应(n.reaction) 　react/respond to对……作出反应/回应 thief n.[C](pl.thieves)小偷,贼 三级词汇 consist vi.[不用于进行时和被动语态]组成 　consist of由……构成,由……组成 　consist in在于,存在于 *container n.[C]容器;器皿;集装箱(v.contain) dust n.[U]沙土,尘土 　the dust storms沙尘暴 　(as) dry as dust枯燥无味的;渴死人的 estimate vt.估计,估算;估价 n.[C]估计,估算;估价 expose vt.使暴露(于险境),使显露;揭露,揭发;使面临,使处于……的作用/影响之下;使接触,使体验 　expose...to...将……暴露于…… 　expose sb. to sth.使某人接触某物 *fierce adj.恶劣的,极端的 monthly adj.每月一次的;按月的 adv.每个月;每月一次 n.[C]月刊 nuclear adj.核武器的;核子的,核能的 orbit vt.& vi.环绕……运行,沿轨道运行 n.[C]&[U](天体等运行的)轨道 suburb n.[C][常用复数]市郊,郊区,城郊 urban adj.[常用于名词前]城市的,城镇的(反rural) 二级词汇 astronaut n.[C]宇航员,太空人 clay n.[U]黏土,陶土 commit vt.犯(错误或罪行);投入 vi.& vt.(使)承担义务,(使)作出保证(committed,commitment) 　commit oneself to致力于,全心全意投入 　commit oneself to (doing) sth.承诺/保证(做)某事 consumption n.[U](精力、油、电等的)消耗量,消费(v.consume) garbage n.[U]垃圾,废料;[非正式用语]废话,无聊的东西 greedy adj.贪婪的,贪心的;贪吃的;渴望的 　be greedy for渴求…… *indoors adv.在室内;进入户内(反outdoors) optimistic adj.乐观的;乐观主义的(反pessimistic) 　be optimistic about对……乐观的 restrict vt.限制,控制;约束 *seaside adj.[只用于名词前]海滨的,海边的 n.[常与the连用]海滨,海边 *terrifying adj.极其可怕的,骇人听闻的(terrify,terrified) trunk n.[C]树干;躯干;皮箱;象鼻 *wipe vt.擦,拭,揩;擦掉(液体、污垢等) 　wipe out彻底摧毁,消灭 *spacecraft n.[C](pl.spacecraft)航天器,宇宙飞船 一级词汇 capsule n.[C](航天器的)密封舱,太空舱;(药剂的)胶囊 crucial adj.至关重要的,关键性的 fox n.[C]狐狸 *flourish vi.生长茂盛,兴盛 *eliminate vt.消除,根除 exposure n.[U]暴露,显露;揭露,揭发(v.expose) garlic n.[U](大)蒜 *kebab n.[C]烤(肉)串 kit n.[C]&[U]成套工具,成套设备 lamb n.[U]羔羊肉;[C]羔羊,小羊 *firefighter n.[C]消防队员 hiker n.[C]徒步旅行者,远足者 *hostile adj.(生长环境)恶劣的 Mars n.火星 *migratory adj.迁徙的 *newcomer n.[C]新来者;新手 *supplement vt.补充,增补,增加 n.[C]增补(物),补充(物) *unmanned adj.无人驾驶(操纵)的(反manned) ◆重点短语 1.in one's way 挡道的;妨碍人的 2.have no choice but to do别无选择只好做…… 3.out of reach 够不着 4.under construction 正在建设之中 5.fit in with与……相适应, 与……相协调 6.get a taste for 体验 7.crash into撞上 8.amount to相当于,总计为 9.break out 突然爆发;突然发生 10.cope with 应付(某种情况) 11.bring...under control 使……处于控制之下 12.get rid of 摆脱,除去 13.consist of 由……组成,由……构成 14.wipe out 彻底摧毁,消灭 15.in the meantime 在此期间;与此同时 ◆句式表达 1.句式：no matter how/however引导让步状语从句 a.No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.不管他犯下多少罪行,警察都无法逮捕他。 b.However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all—it's we humans who have moved into their territory.无论事实如何,我们还需要考虑到,这些所谓的“城市动物”中的一些从来没有迁徙过——是人类搬进了它们的领地。 2.句式：with复合结构;have no choice but to do With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us.由于没有其他地方安家,它们别无选择只能搬进来和我们一起生活。 3.句式：it is important that... However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.不管它们如何适应我们的城市生活方式,重要的是,我们应该更好地了解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居。 4.句式：“only＋状语”置于句首,主句用部分倒装 Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.只有到那时,我们才能期许(与它们)和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。 5.句式：There is no doubt that... There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.毫无疑问,人类对火星充满兴趣,梦想着把它变成我们的第二个家园。 6.句式：while引导让步状语从句;it takes/took some time to do While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation.虽然人类可以在几天内到达月球,但要穿越极其危险的太阳辐射到达火星则需要耗时数月。 板块二　默写练习 第一组　核心单词 1.a _______ of London 伦敦郊区 2.a car _____ 偷车贼 3.______ areas 城镇地区 4.make a _______ decision 作出一个重要的决定 5.a ________ salary 月薪 suburb thief urban crucial monthly 第二组　拓展词汇 1.crime n.罪,罪行→_________ adj.犯罪的 n.罪犯 2.greed n.贪婪,贪心→_______ adj.贪婪的,贪心的 3.commit v.犯(错误或罪行) →____________ n.不得不做的事;承诺 4.estimate v.估计,估算→__________ n.估计,判断 5.restrict v.限制,控制→___________ n.限制,控制 6.optimistic adj.乐观的;乐观主义的→_____________ adv.乐观地;乐观主义地 criminal greedy commitment estimation restriction optimistically ■利用语境串记单词 7.I didn't imagine he should have ________ so strongly when he was exposed to stress,and his _________ astonished most of us.(react) 8.It is recognised that _________ productivity will ___________ the progress of society.(advance) 9.Being ________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin,so we should decrease the direct ___________ to sunlight. (expose) reacted reaction advanced advance exposed exposure 10.Experts advise __________ not to buy more groceries until they've already been _________. This is called rational _____________. (consume) 11.Hearing the _________ news,she was ________of going out alone at night.(terrify) consumers consumed consumption terrifying terrified 第三组　重点短语 1._____________ 挡道的;妨碍人的 2.______________________ 别无选择只好做…… 3.____________ 够不着 4._____________ 体验 5.__________ 撞上 in one's way have no choice but to do out of reach get a taste for crash into 6._________ 突然爆发;突然发生 7.__________ 相当于,总计为 8.__________________ 使……处于控制之下 9._________ 摆脱,除去 10.__________ 由……组成,由……构成 break out amount to bring...under control get rid of consist of ■根据语境完成句子 11.The new teaching building is _________________ (正在建设) and it will be finished next month. 12.His courage and smartness enabled him to _________ (处理)that emergency and finally survived the disaster. 13.Eventually your child will leave home to lead his own life,but _______________ (与此同时) he will always rely on your emotional support. under construction cope with in the meantime 14.Production of the goods must ______________________________ (符合社会的需要). 15. We are going to ______________________________ (抹去所有不愉快的过去) in order to establish a friendly relationship with each other. fit in with the needs of the society wipe out the whole unpleasant past 第四组　句式仿写 1.无论问题有多难,他们总是尽一切努力克服它。(细节描写) ___________________________________________ , they always make every effort to overcome it.(no matter how/however引导让步状语从句) 2.我在英语上遇到了一些困难,因此我只得寻求你的帮助。(求助信) I meet with some difficulties with my English,so I __________________ _______________.(have no choice but to do) No matter how/However difficult the problem is have no choice but to seek your help 3.只有这样,我们才能过上健康的生活,使我们的学习更有成效。(发言稿) Only in this way ______________________and make our study more productive.(“only＋状语”置于句首,主句用部分倒装) can we live a healthy life 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 巩固提升 写作规范练(五) Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.commit v.犯(错误或罪行);全心全意投入;承诺,保证→__________ adj.坚定的;尽心尽力的→_____________ n.承诺;投入;奉献 (1)commit sth.to (doing) sth.投入(时间/金钱)做某事 commit oneself/sb.to (doing) sth.承诺(做)某事;专心致志于…… (2)be committed to (doing) sth.承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事 (3)make a commitment (to) (对……)作出承诺 committed commitment ①(北师大必修二U6)With a new sense of energy and ______________ (commit), Reeve undertook an intense exercise programme to help him achieve this goal. ②(译林选必二U1)Though journalists are committed to ____________ (present) the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports. ③强烈建议你将更多的空闲时间投入参加体育活动中,因为这有利于你的身体健康。(建议信) It is strongly recommended that ______________________________ ___________________________for the benefit of your physical health. commitment presenting you (should) commit more free time to taking part in sports activities 2.appreciate v.欣赏;赏识;感激;意识到,领会→____________ n.欣赏;感激 (1)appreciate＋n./pron./(sb.) doing 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激。 (2)express one's appreciation to sb.for sth.因某事表达对某人的感激之情　 appreciation ①I appreciate ___________ (give) this chance to express my gratitude for your support and kindness. Your generosity has made a significant impact on my life, and I will never forget your help. ②(人教选必二U1)His deep ____________ (appreciate) for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research. ③我知道你的日程安排很忙,但如果你能花点时间仔细检查并作出必要的改变,我将不胜感激。(求助信) I know you have a very busy schedule but ________________________ ___________________________________ and make necessary changes. being given appreciation I would appreciate it if you could take some time to go through them 3.expose v.使暴露(于险境);揭露;使曝光;使面临→________ adj.无遮蔽的;无保护的→_________ n.暴露 expose...to...使……暴露于……;使……接触…… expose oneself to...接触……;使自己暴露于…… exposed exposure ①(译林选必三U1)As you are exposed ____ diverse cultures, you may feel transported through time and space. ②Exposure to foreign cultures can help you have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.(建议信) →______________________________________________ can help you have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.(动名词作主语) →_________________________________________ , you can have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.(分词短语作状语) to Exposing yourself to/Being exposed to foreign cultures Exposed to/Exposing yourself to foreign cultures 4.no matter how/however引导让步状语从句 [教材原句]　No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.不管他犯下多少罪行,警察都无法逮捕他。 (1)however,whenever,wherever引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter how/when/where,意为“无论如何/何时/何地”。 (2)whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter what/which/who/whom。 (3)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性 从句。 ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) _________ disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. ②(人教选必四U2)They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life, and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home _________ I went. ③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)我尝到了胜利的滋味,学会了无论遇到什么困难,都要坚持不懈地追求梦想。 (主旨升华) I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance, _______________________________. Whatever wherever whatever difficulties might arise 40 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1.Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it ___________ (estimate) that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! 2._________ (expose) to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. 3. In fact, there have never been any formal academic _____________ (restrict) on new borrowed words. is estimated Exposure restrictions 4. Listening is thus an active, not a passive, behaviour __________ (consist) of hearing, understanding and remembering. 5.The Asian Games opening ceremony not only celebrated the gathering of athletes but also demonstrated China's ____________ (commit) to embracing sustainability with advanced technology. 6.Among all the people we should ___________,our parents are the ones who deserve our ___________ most.(appreciate) consisting commitment appreciate appreciation 7.Anyway, ________ (react) timely to students' body language is an important part of being a teacher, whose duty is to help all teenagers learn actively and devotedly. 8.It took him more than 30 years before he told anyone other than friends of his ___________ (terrify) experience. reacting terrifying Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1.无论起初我们看上去有多么不同,我们的本质是一样的,每个人都是平等的。(让步状语从句) _______________________________________________ at first, we are all the same, all equal.(主旨升华) 2.他正试图通过参加演讲课程和定期练习来摆脱对公开演讲的恐惧。 He's trying to _________________ of public speaking by attending speech classes and practicing regularly. However/No matter how different we may appear to be get rid of his fear 3.他含糊其词的回答等于是拒绝直接回答问题。 His vague answers ___________________ to answer the question directly. amounted to a refusal Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my appetite quite like Italy. __ A.刺激　　　B.给……提供燃料　　 C.煽动 A A.vt.提高,促进 B.vi.前进;向前移动　 C.adj.预先的　 D.n.进步 2.advance (1)The crazy man advanced towards us,shouting angrily and waving a dangerous object in his hand. __ (2)It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. __ B D A.vt.提高,促进 B.vi.前进;向前移动　 C.adj.预先的　 D.n.进步 (3)She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves：nursing. __ (4)Please give us advance warning of any changes to the schedule or plans so that we can prepare accordingly. __ A C 2.advance 培优2　单元话题写作——野外生存 根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear classmates,may I have your attention,please？I have a piece of good news to share with you 1.______________________________ _____________________________ [5月2日将进行为期一天的野外生存训练(同位语从句)] at the West Hill to enrich our life and let us get close to nature. that a one-­day wilderness survival training is scheduled for May 2nd 2.________________________ (通过接触大自然),not only can you acquire some wilderness survival skills but also you can strengthen your will and cultivate your team spirit. 3.______________ ___________________ (万一将来你去野外),you will not be afraid of (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：4.______________) unexpected matters. If you 5. ___________________ (积极响应),please sign up at the Students' Council office before the end of this week. Your active participation 6.____________________ (非常感谢). I sincerely hope that you will have a nice time here. By being exposed to nature In case you go to the wild in the future be terrified of react to it positively is greatly appreciated 52 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [动作描写]　appreciate, restrict, wipe, cope with, get rid of [人物描写]　greedy, optimistic, firefighter, newcomer [环境描写]　seaside, hostile, dust, heat wave 美句 1.Spotting the car with its window left open,the greedy thief didn't hesitate. Within seconds,he had reached inside and run away with a bag of shopping.(动作描写) 2.Until we are finally able to live on another planet,we need to take much better care of our own.Right now,it's the only one we have！ (主旨升华) Step 2 语料运用【尝试冲浪】 去年夏日,一股热浪驱使我们一家前往海边享受几日清凉。爸爸提议尝试海上冲浪,而我自觉无法应付那汹涌的波涛,只能欣赏别人的表演。 Last summer, 1.____________ ____________________________________________. My dad suggested we (should) try surfing on the ocean, but 2._________________________ (否定前置) the turbulent waves, 3.____________________________ ______________ (分词短语作状语). a heat wave drove our family to the seaside for a few days of relief I didn't think I could cope with only appreciating others' performances “Be brave, give it a try！” My dad's words were full of encouragement. After struggling for a moment, I decided to take that step and give it a go. Surprisingly, I experienced the taste of success. 4._______________________________________________________________________________________________(“only＋状语”置于句首引起的倒装句). “勇敢一点,试试看！”爸爸的话语充满了鼓励。在经历了一番内心的挣扎后,我决定迈出尝试的步伐。出乎意料的是,我竟然体验到了成功的滋味。冲浪结束后,拂去身上的水珠时,我才意识到我应该乐观并且相信自己。 Only when I wiped the water on me after surfing did I realize I should be optimistic and believe in myself 语料积累 【动作细节描写：看(二)】 单词 browse, glimpse, peep, squint, peek 词块 spy on 窥视,偷看; pay a visit to 拜访,参观; call on sb. 拜访某人; drop in on 顺道拜访 句型 He glimpsed her through the window as he passed.他路过时透过窗户瞥见了她。 It is not ethical to spy on your neighbours.暗中窥探你的邻居是很不道德的。 She tiptoed along the passage to John's door and peeped inside.她踮着脚走过通道,来到约翰的门口,朝里面偷看。 Drop in on us when you come to town next time.下次你进城时,到我们这里坐坐。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A (2024·甘肃兰州诊断考试)For the past 8 years,K-9 Officer Roni has been by the side of Officer Joel Nitchman of the Deer Park Police Department.They've been through a lot together,and the cop (警察) thinks of the dog as a member of his own family.Recently,the team had just returned to the station when an EF-3 tornado suddenly formed nearby. The wind picked up fast.Remembering Roni was still inside his cage in the patrol car,Joel didn't think twice about rushing outside into the storm to get his partner.“The thought of ruins or the car flipping over...I couldn't do that to him,” said Joel.“I couldn't have him out there during that.” He felt debris (碎片) hitting his face as he headed into the wind,and he knew the situation was worsening with every passing second. Conditions worsened even further when Joel made it around to the other side of the car.The wind and rain were so strong that he couldn't get the door open.When he finally opened it,Roni refused to move.“I could barely open his door,” Joel said.“When I did,he's a smart dog,he saw what was going on outside and he said he was not coming out.” With a lot of coaxing (劝诱),Roni finally followed his partner out of the car,and Joel was able to lead him by the collar back into the safety of the station. “Never been through anything like this before,” Joel said of the frightening event.Now that the danger has passed,he feels even closer to his K-9 partner,and he'd do it all over again,if he had to.“I love that dog,” he explained.“He's a part of our family.We can't leave a loved one like that.There's no way I was going to leave him like that.” Well done,officer! It's nice to know that these cops have each other's backs through thick and thin. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。Roni是一条警犬,它和警官Joel Nitchman是搭档,形影不离。有一天,龙卷风突然出现,而Roni还在巡逻车上的笼子里,Joel冒着恶劣天气,把Roni安全带回了警局。 1 2 3 4 1.What is the relationship between Roni and Joel like？(　　) A.Plain.　　　　　　　　　 B.Distant. C.Terrible. D.Inseparable. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For the past 8 years,K-9 Officer Roni has been by the side of Officer Joel Nitchman...the cop thinks of the dog as a member of his own family.”可知,Joel和Roni形影不离,Joel把Roni当作自己的家人看待,由此可知,他们的关系很亲密,密不可分。A项“坦率的”;B项“疏远的”;C项“可怕的”;D项“密不可分的”。故选D。 D 1 2 3 4 2.Why did Joel rush out despite the coming disaster？(　　) A.Roni was still on duty outside. B.He attempted to get inside the car. C.He went to rescue Roni stuck in the car. D.He wanted to learn more about the tornado. C 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“Remembering Roni was still inside his cage in the patrol car,Joel didn't think twice about rushing outside into the storm to get his partner.”可知,Joel冲出去是为了把还在巡逻车的笼子里的Roni带出来,即为了救被困在车里的Roni,故选C。 1 2 3 4 3.What is the most unexpected difficulty during the rescue of Roni？(　　) A.Lack of official help. B.Roni's fear of the danger. C.The poor quality of the door. D.The unsafe situation of the station. B 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。 根据第一段可知,Joel和Roni之间关系亲密;根据第二段中的“he knew the situation was worsening with every passing second”可知,Joel对当时的天气等客观情况是了解的;再由第三段中的“When he finally opened it,Roni refused to move.”和“he said he was not coming out”可知,Roni看到了车外糟糕的天气,害怕得不敢出来。由此可知,在救Roni的过程中,Joel没有预料到Roni对车外的危险的害怕。 1 2 3 4 4.How does the experience influence Roni and Joel？(　　) A.They are more attached to each other. B.They are now living closer to each other. C.They have more loved ones in their lives. D.They are more independent of each other. A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Now that the danger has passed,he feels even closer to his K-9 partner”可知,Roni和Joel比以前更亲密了。 B (2024·湖北重点中学联考)Imagine that an alien species landed on Earth and,through their mere presence,those aliens caused our art to fade,our music to be standardized,and our technological know-how to disappear.Actually,that is what humans have been doing to our closest relatives—chimps (黑猩猩). Back in 1999,a team of scientists led by Andrew Whiten showed that chimps from different parts of Africa behave very differently from one another.Some groups would get each other's attention by tapping branches with their knuckles (指关节),while others did it by loudly tearing leaves with their teeth.The team identified 39 of these traditions that were practiced by some communities but not others—a pattern that,at the time,hadn't been seen in any animal except humans.It was evident,the team said,that chimps have their own cultures. It took a long time to convince unbelievers that such cultures exist,but now we have plenty of examples of animals learning local traditions from one another.However,when many scientists have come to accept the existence of animal cultures,many of those cultures might disappear.Ammie Kalan and her colleagues have shown,through years of intensive fieldwork,that the very presence of humans has gradually reduced the diversity of chimp behavior.Where we grow,their cultures weaken.It is a bitterly ironic thing to learn on the 20th anniversary of Whiten's classic study. “It's amazing to think that just 60 years ago,we knew next to nothing of the behavior of our sister species in the wild,” Whiten says.“But now,just as we are truly getting to know our primate (灵长类) cousins,the actions of humans are closing the window on all we have discovered.” No one knows whether the destruction of chimp cultures is getting worse.Obviously,conservationists need to think about saving species in a completely new way—by preserving animal traditions as well as bodies and genes.“Instead of focusing only on the conservation of genetically-based beings like species,we now need to also consider culturally-based ones,” says Andrew Whiten. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。黑猩猩有自己的文化,人类的存在逐渐减少了黑猩猩行为的多样性。因此,我们需要考虑用一种全新的方式来拯救物种：既要保护动物的身体和基因,也要保护它们的传统。 5 6 7 8 5.What does the author say we humans have been doing to chimps？(　　) A.Ruining their culture. B.Accelerating their extinction. C.Treating them as alien species. D.Standardizing their living habits. A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“those aliens caused our art to fade...doing to our closest relatives—chimps”可知,人类正在毁灭黑猩猩的文化,故选A。 5 6 7 8 6.What is the finding of Andrew Whiten's team？(　　) A.Chimps demonstrate highly developed skills of communication. B.Chimps rely heavily upon their body language to communicate. C.Chimps behave in ways quite similar to those of human beings. D.Different chimp groups differ in their way of communication. D 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Back in 1999,a team of scientists led by Andrew Whiten showed that chimps from different parts of Africa behave very differently from one another.”可知,Andrew Whiten领导的一组科学家发现来自不同地区的黑猩猩的行为截然不同,故选D。A项“黑猩猩表现出高度发达的交流技能”,B项“黑猩猩非常依赖它们的肢体语言进行交流”,C项“黑猩猩的行为方式与人类非常相似”。 5 6 7 8 7.What did Ammie Kalan and her colleagues find through their intensive fieldwork？(　　) A.Whiten's classic study has little impact on the diversity of chimp behavior. B.Chimp behavior becomes less varied with the increase of human activities. C.Chimps transform their culture to quickly adapt to the changed environment. D.It might already be too late to prevent animal cultures from extinction now. B 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the very presence of humans has gradually reduced the diversity of chimp behavior.Where we grow,their cultures weaken”可知,人类的存在逐渐减少了黑猩猩行为的多样性。我们在哪里成长,它们的文化就在哪里减弱。故选B。 5 6 7 8 8.What does the author suggest conservationists do？(　　) A.Focus entirely on culturally-based beings rather than genetically-based ones. B.Place more stress on animal traditions than on their physical conservation. C.Conserve animal species in a novel and all-round way. D.Explore the cultures of species before they disappear. C 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“conservationists need to think about saving species in a completely new way—by preserving animal traditions as well as bodies and genes”可知,作者建议自然环境保护主义者需要考虑用一种全新的方式来拯救物种——既要保护动物的身体和基因,也要保护它们的传统,故选C。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个促进身体积极性的建议,鼓励人们热爱自己的身体,并停止根据外表来评判自己。 (2024·重庆质量调研抽测一) Promoting Body Positivity Movement “Don't judge a book by its cover,” the popular saying goes.It reminds us that something's appearance shouldn't be the most important thing when we are determining its value.1( ) Its message is that we should value ourselves for who we are, warts and all.So what can we do to promote body positivity? A.This is what the body positivity movement is all about. B.A regular workout brings you a strong and capable body. C.Stopping judging ourselves against our imperfections is important. D.Be unapologetic about who you are and what you want as a person. E.Learn to express your admiration,which promotes positive mental health. F.Being insecure in your daily life is common and sometimes necessary. G.We are surrounded by these idealized images of what it is to be beautiful. 1.答案：A　 解析：空前一句讲当我们判定某样东西的价值时,它的外表不应是最重要的东西;空后一句讲到我们应该珍视我们自己,包括所有的缺点。A项“这就是身体积极性运动的全部意义所在”承上启下,与文章标题呼应。空后的“Its message”指A项中“the body positivity movement”这一运动的要旨。 Not comparing your body to others,particularly celebrities,is a good first step.2( )Comparing only creates a standard we think we need to reach and leads to feelings of disappointment if we aren't up to scratch. A.This is what the body positivity movement is all about. B.A regular workout brings you a strong and capable body. C.Stopping judging ourselves against our imperfections is important. D.Be unapologetic about who you are and what you want as a person. E.Learn to express your admiration,which promotes positive mental health. F.Being insecure in your daily life is common and sometimes necessary. G.We are surrounded by these idealized images of what it is to be beautiful. 2.答案：G　 解析：空前一句讲到不要将你的身体与他人,尤其是名人进行比较。结合常识可知,名人一般都是荧幕上理想化的美丽形象。故G项“我们周围充斥着这些理想化的美丽形象”符合语境,选项中的idealized images与本段第一句中的celebrities是相同概念。 3( ) When someone says something nice,embrace it—don't push it away or play it down.And flatter others too.If you think someone looks nice,or someone has a good idea,tell them,which can lift their spirits. A.This is what the body positivity movement is all about. B.A regular workout brings you a strong and capable body. C.Stopping judging ourselves against our imperfections is important. D.Be unapologetic about who you are and what you want as a person. E.Learn to express your admiration,which promotes positive mental health. F.Being insecure in your daily life is common and sometimes necessary. G.We are surrounded by these idealized images of what it is to be beautiful. 3.答案：E　 解析：空处为段落主旨句。空后讲当有人说好听的话时,要接受它。此外还要使别人高兴。如果你觉得某人好看,或者某人有好主意,告诉他们,这会让他们开心。这些都是在告诉读者要学会表达赞赏。故E项“学会表达你的赞赏,这会促进积极的心理健康”可以概括本段。 Appreciate your body for what it can do—walking,yoga,playing sports or otherwise.4( ) You can be an incredible man regardless of your shape or size. A.This is what the body positivity movement is all about. B.A regular workout brings you a strong and capable body. C.Stopping judging ourselves against our imperfections is important. D.Be unapologetic about who you are and what you want as a person. E.Learn to express your admiration,which promotes positive mental health. F.Being insecure in your daily life is common and sometimes necessary. G.We are surrounded by these idealized images of what it is to be beautiful. 4.答案：B　 解析：空前讲“感激你身体能做的事情——步行、瑜伽、运动或其他”。B项“有规律的锻炼给你带来强健有力的身体”解释了锻炼的好处,承接上文要感激身体能运动。 And finally,don't forget that low self-esteem and body confidence issues affect everyone.There aren't a lot of guys that are pushing the idea of body positivity.The only person who can truly affect your body positivity is you.Becoming comfortable with yourself is unlikely to be accomplished overnight—but don't give up and just move.Remember that everyone is insecure sometimes.5( )Love what you look like. A.This is what the body positivity movement is all about. B.A regular workout brings you a strong and capable body. C.Stopping judging ourselves against our imperfections is important. D.Be unapologetic about who you are and what you want as a person. E.Learn to express your admiration,which promotes positive mental health. F.Being insecure in your daily life is common and sometimes necessary. G.We are surrounded by these idealized images of what it is to be beautiful. 5.答案：D　 解析：本段主要讲要热爱自己的身体、对自己的身体有自信。空前讲每个人都有缺乏自信的时候,空后讲要爱自己的样子。D项“不要对你是谁和作为一个人你想要什么感到抱歉”强调我们要自信、要爱自己,契合本段主旨,且承上启下。本题易错选F项。虽然F项中的“Being insecure in your daily life is common (不自信在你的日常生活中很常见)”承接上文,但F项中的“sometimes necessary”表示不自信有时是必要的,在文中没有体现,且与本段的主旨不符。故F项错误。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分) (2024·山东济南质检)The Grand Canal is one of the great engineering wonders built by ancient Chinese.“It bears witness 1 a remarkable and early development of hydraulic (与水利系统有关的) engineering,” the UNESCO website states. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 In ancient times,the Grand Canal 2 (serve) as the main channel for grain transport and every kind of economic and cultural exchange.It also facilitated the time-consuming journeys of laborers and materials for the 3 (construct) of the Forbidden City in Beijing,the capital city of the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 The Grand Canal had inspired the name of Chenchen,one of the three mascots (吉祥物) of the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou.Chenchen,coming from the Gongchen Bridge, 4 stretches over the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal,was colored blue 5 (represent) science and technology. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 The Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal covers 6 total length of 39 kilometers,which is home to 11 of the canal's total 58 historical 7 (site).It enters the city from Tangqi ancient town in Yuhang District,travels through Gongshu and Shangcheng Districts, 8 finally flows into the Qiantang River from the Three Gorges ship lock. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 Visitors 9 (recommend) to take a boat trip on the ancient waterway to enjoy some of 10 (it) incomparable scenery as well as the amazing landscape of Jiangnan water town. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大运河的历史、功能、影响以及与杭州第19届亚运会吉祥物之一“宸宸”的关联。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 1.答案：to　 解析：考查介词。此处表示“它见证了水利工程的早期卓越发展”。bear witness to sth.“见证某事”,为固定短语。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 2.答案：served　 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在古代,大运河充当了粮食运输和各种经济文化交流的主要通道。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语,the Grand Canal和serve之间是主动关系;再根据时间状语“In ancient times”可知,时态应用一般过去时。故填served。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 3.答案：construction　 解析：考查词性转换。句意：它还为建造北京紫禁城的工人和材料的耗时之旅提供了便利,北京是元、明、清三朝首都。根据空前的the和空后的of可知,此处应用名词,construction“建筑,建造,施工”,是不可数名词。故填construction。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 4.答案：which　 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,并指代先行词the Gongchen Bridge,故填which。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 5.答案：to represent　 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,空处是非谓语动词短语作目的状语,故应用动词不定式,故填to represent。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 6.答案：a　 解析：考查冠词。 a length of“长……”,是固定搭配,此处total修饰length,其发音以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 7.答案：sites 　 解析：考查名词复数。空前有“58”修饰,且site“场地,场所”是可数名词,故填sites。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 8.答案：and 　 解析：考查连词。句中的enters、travels和flows为并列关系,故填并列连词and。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 9.答案：are recommended　 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处说明一般情况,应用一般现在时,且主语是可数名词的复数形式,与recommend之间是被动关系,故填are recommended。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 10.答案：its　 解析：考查形容词性物主代词。句意：游客被推荐在古老的水道上乘船旅行,欣赏它绝美的景色以及江南水乡令人惊叹的风景。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰名词scenery,应用形容词性物主代词,表示“它的”,故填its。 显示原文 二次精读——溯原文,积语料,提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.3：barely adv.几乎不,几乎没有;刚刚,仅仅,勉强可能 派生词汇 Para.2：worsen v.(使)变得更坏,变得更糟→worse adj.更糟的,更坏的,更差的 核心短语 Para.2：pick up改善,好转;增强;加速 think twice about doing对做……再三考虑,慎重考虑后再决定做…… flip over翻转 Para.4：now that既然,由于 Para.5：through thick and thin不顾艰难险阻,同甘共苦 B篇 核心单词 Para.1：alien adj.外星的;外国的,异域的;陌生的,不熟悉的 n.外星人;外国人,外侨 standardize v.使标准化;使符合标准 (或规格) Para.2：identify v.确认,认出,鉴定 evident adj.清楚的;显而易见的;显然的 Para.3：intensive adj.密集的;强化的,加强的;彻底的 fieldwork n.实地研究,野外考察 Para.5：conservationist n.自然环境保护主义者 preserve v.维护,保护,保留;维持……的原状,保存,保养 派生词汇 Para.1：presence n.存在;在场,出席→present adj.现存的,当前的;在场的 Para.3：existence n.存在,实有;生活,生活方式→exist v.存在,实际上有;生活,生存→existing adj.现存的,现行的 diversity n.多样化,多样性;差异(性),不同(点)→diverse adj.不同的;相异的;多种多样的;形形色色的 Para.5：destruction n.摧毁;毁灭;破坏→destroy v.摧毁,毁灭,破坏;杀死,消灭 核心短语 Para.5：focus on聚焦于,集中注意力于,专注于 写作规范练(五) Ⅰ.应用文写作——邀请信(共15分) (2024·江苏苏州期中调研)假定你是李华,下个月你校将要举办以“体育与健康”为主题的校园体育节。请你写一封邮件给交换生Peter,邀请他参加体育节,内容包括： 1.活动的时间和地点; 2.活动的内容和意义。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Dear Peter, ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua [参考范文] Dear Peter, Given your keen interest in sports,I'm writing to invite you to participate in our annual Sports Festival scheduled to be held on December 1st in our school stadium,which you shouldn't miss. The coming festival,with the theme of Sports and Health,will consist of various activities,ranging from the tug-of-war to Chinese martial arts.Subsequently,a relevant lecture concerning a healthy lifestyle will be arranged.Undoubtedly,it will serve as a platform to demonstrate our talent and stimulate our enthusiasm for sports. Based on the above,it's bound to be a rewarding experience.Looking forward to your prompt reply to confirm your participation. Yours sincerely, Li Hua Ⅱ.读后续写——个人成长(共25分) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·福建福州高三适应性练习)Mrs.Flippen's class sat listening to a talk being given by a local author. Tucker sat absent-minded in one of the library chairs. Most of the students wanted to hear about the writer's work. Tucker did not. “Why bother？” Tucker thought to himself. He always received low marks on his writing assignments, no matter how hard he worked on them. He could never think of anything interesting to write about. “Does anyone have any questions？” Mrs.Flippen asked her class. Tucker raised his hand, “How do you know what to write about？” “Well, sometimes I don't,” the author replied. “It takes a lot of hard work to come up with ideas.” She reached down and pulled a worn-looking book from a cloth bag on the floor. “I find making a scrapbook (剪贴簿) helps.” Tucker sat up a little straighter in his seat. “What's in the book？” he asked. “I fill it with pictures, stories, and notes about things that interest me.” The writer opened the scrapbook on her knee. “When I need an idea, I look through the book instead of staring at a blank page.” Tucker thought about the author's scrapbook as he walked home. He thought about staring at a blank page each time he tried to write a story. Digging in his bookcase, Tucker found an old binder (活页夹). He filled the binder with notepaper from his desk. After supper, Tucker cut some pictures out of the newspaper. Then he drew some pictures of his own. He cut and pasted (粘贴) stories from his old magazines. Then he looked up the words he did not know and wrote down their meanings. In the days and weeks that followed, Tucker collected more ideas. He found that the more he collected, the easier it became to find things to collect. Tucker's book of ideas grew fatter and fatter. 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 One morning, Mrs.Flippen told the class about a story writing competition. _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Then came the day when the headmaster announced the result. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ [参考范文] One morning, Mrs.Flippen told the class about a story writing competition. Tucker wanted to win and he tried to make a good story. That night, Tucker looked through his scrapbook instead of staring at a blank page. At first, nothing happened. Slowly, he began to fit pieces together like a puzzle. He picked a setting for his story from a picture. He used the name from an article for his character. Tucker's story started to grow. He worked on it every night until it came time to hand in the story. Then came the day when the headmaster announced the result. However, the headmaster didn't call out Tucker's name. His story did not win. “Why did I try？” he thought to himself and sank into his chair, at a loss. “I know you are disappointed, Tucker,”Mrs.Flippen said. “I want you to know I really like your story. It might not be the best in the class this time, but it has been your best work so far.” After hearing Mrs.Flippen's words,Tucker smiled at her and went to congratulate his classmates. $$