必修3 Unit 3 The world of science-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版）

必修第三册 Unit 3　The world of science 主题语境　科学精神 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 背诵默写本 ◆重点单词 五级词汇 experiment n．[C]&[U](科学)实验,试验 vi.做试验,进行实验;尝试 　conduct/do/perform/carry out an experiment做实验 account n．[C]记述,描述;账户;[常用复数]账目 　on account of因为,由于 　take account of/take...into account考虑到,把……考虑进去 beyond prep.[表示范围]超出……的范围,无法……;[表示数量、水平、限度]超出 　beyond recognition面目全非,无法辨认 　beyond repair/control/belief无法修理/控制/相信 　beyond the reach of sb./beyond sb.’s reach够不着,力所不及 conduct vt.[正式用语]传导(热、电);实施,管理,进行 四级词汇 　conduct an experiment/an interview/a survey进行实验/面试/调查 cure n．[C]药剂;疗法;治疗,疗程 vt.治好(疾病);治愈(病人) desire n．[C]渴望,欲望 vt.[不用于进行时][正式用语]渴望,期望 　a desire for对……的渴望 　desire to do sth.渴望做某事 injure vt.使受伤,弄伤(injured,injury) mental adj.[常用于名词前]精神的;精神健康的;思想的;智力的 　mental health心理健康 　mental labour脑力劳动 press vt.& vi.按,推,挤,压 　press a button/switch按下按钮/开关 scientific adj.科学(上)的(science,scientist) 　a scientific experiment科学实验 shoot(shot,shot) vi.& vt.射出(光线等),放射;射击,开(枪或其他武器);拍摄;射门,投篮 species n．[C](pl.species)(动植物的)物种;种 stream n．[C]小河,小溪;一连串;(人、车)流 vi.流动 vt.流播,用流式传输 theory n．[C]&[U]学说;[U]理论;原理 　Einstein’s theory of relativity爱因斯坦的相对论 　in theory理论上 三级词汇 accurate adj.精确的,准确的(反inaccurate) attach vt.系,绑;贴;重视,认为……重要 　attach...to...把……贴在……上 　attach importance (to sth.)(对某物)重视 entirely adv.完全地,彻底地(adj.entire;近completely) extraordinary adj.非凡的,出色的;意想不到的 fiction n．[C]&[U]虚构的事,想象的事;[U](虚构)小说 　historical/romantic/science fiction历史/言情/科幻小说 flash n．[C]闪光,闪现;[C]&[U]闪光灯 vi.& vt.(使)闪光; (使)闪耀 vi.掠过;突然想到 　a flash of lightning一道闪电 flexible adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的;可变通的,灵活的(反inflexible) gravity n．[U]重力,引力 instance n．[C]例子,实例 　for instance例如( for example) metal n．[C]&[U]金属 passive adj.[语法]被动语态的;消极的,被动的 proof n．[U]&[C]证明,证据(v.prove;近evidence) significant adj.重要的,影响深远的;显著的(n.significance) virtual adj.[只用于名词前]虚拟的,模拟的 　the virtual world虚拟世界 　virtual reality虚拟现实(VR) 二级词汇 battery n．[C]电池 biologist n．[C]生物学家 brilliant adj.聪颖的,才华横溢的,杰出的 capable adj.有能力的,有才能的(反incapable) 　be capable of (doing) sth.有能力做某事 draft vt.起草,草拟 n．[C]草稿,草案,草图 origin n．[C]&[U]起源,起因;出身,来历(original,originally) procedure n．[C]&[U]步骤,程序,手续 stuff n．[U][非正式用语]东西,物品 vt.填满;把……填进;给……装馅 compute vt.计算 一级词汇 astronomer n．[C]天文学家(astronaut,astronomy) chemist n．[C]化学家;药剂师(chemistry,chemical) *compass n．[C]指南针,罗盘 *gunpowder n．[U]火药 minor adj.[常用于名词前,无比较级变化]小的,少的,轻微的(反major) 　 minor injuries/illness轻伤/小病 declaration n．[C]&[U]声明,宣告(v.declare) 　Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》 radium n．[U]镭(一种化学元素) *lightning n．[U]闪电 ◆重点短语 1．in addition除此之外,另外 2．in terms of 根据……来说;依照……;就……而言 3．tie...to...把……拴/系在……上 4．along with与……一起;连同……一起 5．establish the truth 查明真相 6．take place发生;进行 7．die from死于…… 8．come up with 想出;提出 ◆句式表达 1．句式： It suggests that... It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.这表明当今是一个发明的新时代,但许多人可能认为发明的伟大时代已经结束了。 2．句式：强调句型的特殊疑问句 So what is it that inspires us to invent things?那么,到底是什么激励我们去发明东西呢? 3．句式：neither...nor... However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.然而,不管是故事本身还是实验的细节都不完全属实。 4．句式：that引导同位语从句 In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.事实上,不止一种说法表明,尽管牛顿确实受到了掉落的苹果的启发,但没有证据显示苹果砸在了他的头上。 第一组　核心单词 1． at the enemy 向敌人射击 2． a attitude 消极的态度 3． my reach 够不着 4． a young scientist 一位才华横溢的青年科学家 5． the search for a for cancer 寻找治愈癌症的方法 6． a full of the incident 对事件的详尽叙述 shoot passive beyond brilliant cure account 板块二　默写练习 1． press v．按,压→ n．压力 2． flexible adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的→ n．柔韧性, 灵活性 3． capable adj.有能力的→ n．能力 4． minor adj.小的→ n．少数,少数派 5． mental adj.精神的;精神健康的→ adv.精神上 6． attach v．系,绑;贴→ n．附件;依恋 pressure flexibility capability minority mentally attachment 第二组　拓展词汇 7． entire adj.全部的;完全的→ adv.完全地, 彻底地　 8． prove v．证明→ n．证明,证据 entirely proof 9． While calculating the maths problem, you should pay more attention to the ⁠ of the numbers, or you can’t figure it out ．(accurate) 10． The ⁠ discovery of new gas field in South China Sea is of great ⁠ to our country’s economy.(significant) 11． It ⁠ that the two countries agree to stop the conflict.They must obey the ⁠ forever.(declare) accuracy accurately significant significance is declared declaration ■利用语境串记单词 12． No one knows for certain the ⁠ of the custom.We only know the custom is still in its ⁠ condition.(origin) 13． The soldier got ⁠ in the battle and suffered a serious ⁠ in the left ankle.(injure) origin original injured injury 1． 把……拴/系在……上 2． 查明真相 3． 发生;进行 4． 死于…… tie...to... establish the truth take place die from 第三组　重点短语 5． The differences in the children’s achievements can not be completely explained (根据 他们的社会背景). 6． To our joy,the hotel itself can hold 70 guests and, ⁠ (另外), there are several self-­cooking apartments. 7． Catherine, (和另外两个男孩 一起) in our school,was invited to Shanghai to pick up the prizes the other day. in terms of their social backgrounds in addition along with two other boys ■根据语境完成句子 8． The art festival ⁠ (定于下午两点举行) on the playground on 28 April.(邀请信) 9． My best friends always lend me a helping hand and ⁠ (想出帮助我的方法) when I am in trouble. is scheduled to take place at 2：00 p．m. come up with solutions/ways to help me 1． 她的表情说明她对发生的事情感到生气,但正在努力保持 镇定。(情绪描写) ⁠ ⁠ but was trying to calm herself down.(suggest that...) Her expression suggested (that) she was angry with what had happened 第四组　句式仿写 2． 为什么他会有如此愚蠢且不切实际的想法呢?也许这是由 于他缺乏经验和对此形势的了解。(情绪描写) ? Perhaps it was due to his lack of experience and understanding of the situation.(强调句型的特殊疑问句) Why was it that he had such foolish and impractical ideas 3． 她又迟到了这个事实让老师很生气。 ⁠ made the teacher angry.(that 引导同位语从句) The fact that she was late again 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 巩固提升 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1. desire n．渴望,欲望 vt.渴望;想要 ①(译林必修一U2)You enter a strange middle ground—no longer a small child but not quite an adult. You have both a new desire ⁠ independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support. ②(译林选必三U2)We long to visit thick and wild forests, climb vast mountain ranges, and cross deep oceans. We desire ⁠ (explore) the furthest frontier of all—space. for to explore ③我希望你能加入我们的俱乐部,因为这是保持健康的好方 式,也是放松自我的好机会。(建议信) →I ⁠ our club, as it is a great way to keep fit and a good chance to relax yourself. →I ⁠ our club, as it is a great way to keep fit and a good chance to relax yourself. desire you to join desire that you (should) join 2. significant adj.重要的,影响深远的→ adv. 有重大意义地;显著地→ n．重要性,意义 significantly significance (1)It is significant that...很明显…… (2)have great significance 有重要意义 ①By participating in this activity, I have become aware of the ⁠ (significant) of showing respect to the old. ②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Because the system is automated, it ⁠ (significant) reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. ③There is no doubt that the protection of traditional culture is very important to Chinese cultural diversity. →There is no doubt that the protection of traditional culture ⁠ ⁠ Chinese cultural diversity. significantly is of great significance to significance 3. attach v．系,绑;贴;把……固定;重视;(使)与……有联系 → adj.依恋的;附属的→ n．附件;依 恋;爱慕 attached attachment (1)attach...to...把……固定/附在……上 attach great importance/significance to (doing) sth.认为(做)某事 重要/有意义 (2)be attached to 附属于;依恋 ①(译林选必三U2)We usually sleep in private quarters, which are more like large cupboards,or in sleeping bags ⁠ (attach) to the walls or the ceiling. ②Make sure to include your résumé as an ⁠ (attach) when you apply for the job, so that the hiring manager can easily review your qualifications and experience. ③海洋不仅为我们提供了充足的食物,而且保持了自然的平 衡。因此,人们对海洋保护十分重视。(倡议书) Not only does the ocean offer us sufficient food,but it maintains the balance of nature. So people ⁠ ⁠． attached attachment attach great significance to ocean protection 私人宅邸 4. in terms of 就……而言,在……方面 (1)come to terms with sb./sth.与某人达成协议,妥协;接受(令人 不快的事物) be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人关系好/不好 (2)in the long/short term 就长/短期而言 ①(北师大选必三U7)Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a person’s EQ, especially ⁠ (在“人际交往技巧”方面), such as understanding and communication. ②从长远来看,与我们周围的人处好关系很重要,所以我们要 学会迁就别人。(建议信) ,it is important to ⁠ ,so we should learn to ⁠ ⁠． in terms of “people skills” In the long term be on good terms with people around us come to terms with others [教材原句]　So what is it that inspires us to invent things?那 么,到底是什么激励我们去发明东西呢? (1)强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句 子其他部分。 (2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who ＋句子其他部分? (3)强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋ that＋句子其他部分? (4)not...until...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until...that＋句子 其他部分。 5. 强调句型 ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)It was at that moment a warm surge of streams washed through my body,and the image of the horse emerged in my mind,encouraging me to continue writing. ②(2022·浙江卷)It wasn’t until a couple of hours later ⁠ we opened the doors and began serving dinner. that that 一股暖流 ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)正是他的毅力和不放弃的决心帮助他赢 得了比赛。 ⁠ helped him win the game. (主旨升华) It was his perseverance and determination not to give up that Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize ⁠ (press) on the places we visit and improve our experience. 2． (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)If, for whatever reasons,people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the ⁠ (accurate) of the estimate will go down. pressure accuracy 3． (2025·八省联考)Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university, and by a desire ⁠ (be) part of a cultural community. 4． (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Emma says it’s challenging to be a health expert,because people can be easily influenced by advertisements that lack ⁠ (science) support. to be scientific 5． (人教选必二U2)As China has boomed, the educational environment has improved ⁠ (significant), with many great universities now available. 6． An energy ministry official says all of the country’s nuclear plants have been inspected and are ⁠ (capability) of standing natural disasters. 7． The sports meeting, which was ⁠ (original) due last Friday, was finally delayed because of the bad weather. significantly capable originally 8． When you’re older I think you’re better equipped ⁠ (mental) to cope with whatever happens. 9. The moment the 2024 Olympic Games ⁠ ⁠(declare)open, the entire world celebrated with cheers, reflecting the shared values of sportsmanship and global unity. 10． With more importance ⁠ (attach) to traditional culture these years,hanfu has become increasingly popular. mentally Were declared attached Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1． 正是她的善良和责任感让我非常钦佩她。(强调句型) ⁠ make me admire her very much.(人物描写) 2． 医学研究表明,笑是一种减轻压力、让人感觉良好的好方 法。(suggest) ⁠ laughter is a good way to reduce stress and help people feel good. It is her kindness and sense of responsibility that Medical research has suggested that 3． 听到我们学校篮球队赢得了比赛的消息,我们都很兴奋。 (同位语从句) We were all very excited at the news ⁠ ．(情绪描写) 4． 在环境保护方面,为了实现我们的可持续发展目标,我们 仍然任重道远。 ⁠ , we still have a long way to go in order to achieve our goal of sustainable development. that our school basketball team won the game In terms of environmental protection 5． 研究发现,对自己所经历的事情心怀感激的人,其身体健 康状况会得到改善。此外,积极的想法有助于他们减轻压力。 Research found that people who were grateful for what they had experienced improved their physical health. ⁠ , positive thoughts helped them reduce stress. In addition Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. ___ A．出版社　　　　B．按,压　　　　C．印刷机 2．(2023·全国乙卷)To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10­-minute time frame. ___ A．拍摄　　 B．射出,放射 C．射击 3．(2023·浙江1月卷)I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me. ____ A．塞进 B．装满 C．吃饱 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 C A A A. v.引导,带领　 B．v.指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏) C. v.实施,进行　 D．v.举止,表现　 E．v.传导 (1)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. ____ (2)The warm­-hearted guide conducted us around the West Lake and we enjoyed the breathtaking scenery. __ 4．conduct C A (3)He was more than honoured to be invited to conduct a concert in America. _____ (4)There are some metals that conduct heat well, such as copper and aluminum. ____ (5)Make sure that you conduct yourself as a professional and maintain a respectful attitude in all situations. ____ B E D A. v.引导,带领　 B．v.指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏) C. v.实施,进行　 D．v.举止,表现　 E．v.传导 4．conduct 根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正 确形式完成下面的语篇。 培优2　单元话题写作——发明 Nowadays, 1. ⁠ [许多有能力的人渴望发明能让人们 生活更轻松的东西(定语从句)], which is significant. For instance, many talented (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：2. ⁠) ordinary persons make a lot of extraordinary minor inventions, 3. ⁠ [这证明了每个人都可以对我们的 生活做出超乎自己预期的影响(定语从句＋同位语从句)]. many capable people desire to invent stuff that can make people’s life easier brilliant which is a proof that everyone can make a difference to our life beyond our own expectations Some fail many times but they 4. (永不言弃). They 5. (一次又一次地 进行实验) until they’re successful. never say never conduct experiments over and over again 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [人物描写]　flexible, be capable of, desire, never say never, extraordinary, brilliant, mental [动作描写]　press, shoot, injure, draft [环境描写]　compass, species, stream, lightning, flash, gravity 美句 More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.(情感描写) Step 2　语料运用　【迷路受伤终见希望】 生物学家蒂姆对森林中的稀有物种感到兴奋和惊讶,他沉浸在拍摄它们的照片中。当他的手机电池没电时,他才意识到自己在森林中迷路了。没有指南针或地图,他认为自己无法走出去。 1．______________________ ____________ (形容词短语作状语) in the forest,Tim,a biologist, was immersed in shooting pictures of them. 2._______________________ _________________________________________________ (强调句型). Without a compass or a map,he thought he 3.___________________ ___________. Excited and surprised at the rare species It was when his cell phone battery ran out that he realized that he was lost in the forest wasn’t capable of walking out What’s worse,he tripped and 4._______ ________________. After numerous attempts and failures,he saw the flash on the main road. At that moment,he was excited beyond description. his leg was injured 更糟糕的是,他绊倒了,他的腿受伤了。经过无数次的尝试和失败,主干道上的闪光映入了眼帘。在那一刻,他激动得无法形容。 语料积累 【情感细节描写：惊讶(二)】 单词 shocked, stun, stunned, jaw-­dropping, open-­mouthed, unbelievable/incredible, shake 词块 eyes widen in surprise/astonishment惊讶地睁大眼睛; wear a look of surprise on one’s face面带惊讶的表情; be numb with surprise/shock惊呆; a look of surprise spreads over/flashes across one’s face脸上闪过惊讶的表情; one’s mouth dropped/hung open in surprise惊讶地张大嘴 句型 So stunned was she that she could hardly say any word.(倒装结构) 她惊愕得说不出话来。 They stopped in their tracks, raised their heads and stared at him in amazement. 他们停下脚步,抬起头,惊讶地注视着他。 A look of surprise spread over the face of my companion as he listened to my story.(无生命名词作主语) 我的同伴听了我的故事,脸上露出惊讶的表情。 句型 At the news of his death, I was so shocked that I went numb. 听到他去世的消息,我太过震惊,呆若木鸡。 Rose froze with shock, as if rooted on the ground.(比喻句) 罗斯惊呆了,好像扎根在地上一样。 I stared at him in shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat. 我惊愕地盯着他,喉咙里发出微弱的惊愕声。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A (2024·山东济南质检)A rising star from Virginia has secured the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” for his groundbreaking creation—a bar of soap designed to battle against skin cancer.At just 14 years old,Heman Bekele emerged as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge,standing out among the ten finalists with his innovative creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS). Bekele’s brilliant concept centers on the development of a soap that is not only affordable,but also has the potential to reactivate the body’s natural defenders of the skin to stop skin cancer.In Bekele’s own words,“Curing cancer,one bar of soap at a time.” He always has endless passion for biology and technology,and the 3M Young Scientist Challenge just provided him with the perfect platform to display his ideas.Reflecting on his inspiration,Bekele shared that his childhood played a significant role in shaping his innovative thinking.Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun,he couldn’t help but wonder how many were aware of the risks associated with constant sun exposure. “I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience,”Bekele expressed during an interview with the media.He received invaluable guidance from Deborah Isabelle,a product engineering specialist,who connected him with other scientists to aid him in reaching his ambitious plans. During his presentation,Bekele passionately expressed his vision of turning the soap into “a symbol of hope,accessibility,and a world where skin cancer treatment is within reach for all”． Over the coming five years,Bekele longs to perfect his invention and establish a nonprofit organization devoted to distributing his innovative creation to more places including undeveloped communities,offering hope and a practical solution in the fight against skin cancer. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。14岁的Heman Bekele发明了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂,并凭借此发明在3M青年科学家挑战赛中脱颖而出,被评为“美国顶尖青年科学家”。 1 2 3 4 1．What made Bekele an instant hit?(　　) A．Starting a soap fashion. B．Overcoming skin cancer. C．Being the youngest scientist. D．Creating a soap against skin cancer. D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知,Bekele因其开创性的发明——一块抗皮肤癌肥皂(SCTS),在2023年3M青年科学家挑战赛中脱颖而出,被评为“美国顶尖青年科学家”。由此可知,令Bekele一夜成名的是他创造了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 2．What inspired Bekele to invent the SCTS?(　　) A．His concern for others. B．His adventure in childhood. C．His enthusiasm for technology. D．His interest in medical knowledge. A 解析：推理判断题。根据题干将答案定位至第二段的“Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun...the risks associated with constant sun exposure.”,即目睹了人们在阳光下不知疲倦地工作,他不禁想知道有多少人意识到持续暴露在阳光下的风险。由此可推知,Bekele对别人的关心激励他发明了SCTS,故选A项。 1 2 3 4 3．What will Bekele do in the near future?(　　) A．Obtain official approval. B．Visit undeveloped areas. C．Increase the availability of the soap. D．Update the facilities of production. C 解析：细节理解题。 根据最后一段的内容可知,在接下来的五年里,Bekele渴望完善他的发明,并建立一个致力于将他的创新成果分发到包括落后社区在内的更多地方的非营利组织,为抗击皮肤癌提供希望和切实可行的解决方案。由此可知,Bekele在不久的将来会增加肥皂的供应,故C项正确。 1 2 3 4 4．Which of the following can best describe Bekele?(　　) A．Inspiring and modest. B．Humorous and positive. C．Creative and considerate. D．Curious and independent. C 解析：推理判断题。 根据第一段中的“his groundbreaking creation” “his innovative creation”可知,Bekele创造性地发明了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂,这说明Bekele具有创造力;再根据第二段的“Having witnessed people work tirelessly...constant sun exposure.”和最后一段的“establish a nonprofit organization...fight against skin cancer”可知,Bekele为他人着想。故C项正确。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·甘肃高考诊断)Contrary to the commonly-­held view,the brain does not have the ability to rewire itself to make up for the loss of sight,or a stroke,for example,say scientists from the University of Cambridge and Johns Hopkins University. Writing in eLife,Professor Tamar Makin (Cambridge) and Professor John Krakauer (Johns Hopkins) argue that the belief that the brain,in response to injury or deficits,can reorganise itself and repurpose particular regions for new functions,is fundamentally incorrect—despite being commonly cited in scientific textbooks.Instead,they argue that what is occurring is merely the brain being trained to use already existing but possible abilities. In their article,Makin and Krakauer look at ten pioneering studies aimed at showing the brain’s ability to reorganise.They argue,however,that while the studies do indeed show the brain’s ability to adapt to change,it is not creating new functions in previously unrelated areas—instead it’s using possible capacities that have been present since birth. Examining other studies,Makin and Krakauer found no convincing evidence that the visual cortex (大脑皮层) of individuals that were born blind or the uninjured cortex of stroke survivors ever developed a novel functional ability that did not otherwise exist. Understanding the true nature and limits of brain plasticity (可塑性) is crucial,both for setting realistic expectations for patients and for guiding clinical practitioners (从业人员) in their reconstructive approaches,they argue.Makin added,“This learning process is a proof of the brain’s remarkable—but limited—capacity for plasticity.There are no shortcuts or fast tracks in this journey.The idea of quickly unlocking hidden brain potentials or tapping into vast unused reserves is more wishful thinking than reality.It’s a slow,gradual journey, demanding persistent effort and practice.Recognising this helps us appreciate the hard work behind every story of recovery and adapt our strategies accordingly.” “So many times,the brain’s ability to rewire itself has been described as ‘miraculous’—but we’re scientists,and we don’t believe in magic.These amazing behaviours that we see are rooted in hard work,repetition and training,not the magical reassignment of the brain’s resources,” they said. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了剑桥大学和约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的科学家们发现,大脑不具备重塑功能,它们无法弥补失明或中风等造成的损伤。 5 6 7 8 5．What is a common misunderstanding of the brain’s function?(　　) A．The brain can be trained. B．The brain can compensate blindness. C．The brain can rewire itself. D．The brain can react to sudden diseases. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Contrary to the commonly­held view,the brain does not have the ability to rewire itself”可知,“the ability to rewire itself”便是人们对大脑功能的普遍误解,故C项正确。 5 6 7 8 6．Why are the related studies mentioned in the text?(　　) A．To tell the limits of brain plasticity. B．To analyze the structure of the brain. C．To find productive research methods. D．To explore the new functions of the brain. A 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,Makin和Krakauer研究了十项旨在展示大脑重组能力的开创性研究,但是他们说明了“it is not creating new functions in previously unrelated areas (它并没有在以前不相关的区域中创造新的功能)”。据此可以推断,文中提到这些研究主要是为了说明大脑可塑性的局限,故选A。 5 6 7 8 7．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?(　　) A．The realistic expectations for patients. B．Supporting evidence for the research results. C．Further explanations of the medical strategies. D．The medical significance of the new finding. D 5 6 7 8 解析：段落大意题。根据本段的内容尤其是主旨句“Understanding the true nature and limits of brain plasticity is crucial...they argue.”可知,本段主要讲到了解大脑可塑性的本质和局限对给病人设置现实的预期和指导临床从业人员都至关重要,即主要讲述了新发现在医学上的重要性,故D项正确。 5 6 7 8 8．What will Makin and Krakauer suggest people do?(　　) A．Make the impossible possible. B．Reassign the brain’s resources flexibly. C．Try to develop the brain’s possible ability. D．Use the magic to accomplish difficult tasks. C 解析：推理判断题。由第三段最后一句可知,Makin和Krakauer认为大脑没有重塑自己,相反它在使用自出生后便存在的可能的能力;再根据最后一段中的“These amazing behaviours that we see are rooted in hard work,repetition and training”可知,两人认为要想实现一些神奇的行为,就得努力付出、不断重复、坚持训练。由此可见,Makin和Krakauer建议人们努力培养大脑可能存在的能力,故C项正确。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分) (2024·山东济南质检)A two-­year-­old girl in Newberry County had last been seen at about 3：00 p.m.,but she was missing later in the day.The situation took a 1 turn around 6：00 p．m.,when a hunter in the area heard the cries of the missing child.Reacting immediately,the hunter 2 an emergency call telling authorities the child’s location. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 11 12 13 14 15 The operators 3 immediately,applying advanced mapping technology to locate the position.This crucial information was then 4 sent to the South Carolina Law Enforcement Division (SLED) and the county’s first 5 ． 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 11 12 13 14 15 With the location data in hand,the search and rescue team was quickly 6 to the wooded area.The tireless efforts of these rescue workers ultimately 7 a heartwarming reunion.The missing two-­year­old girl was found in the forest,safe and sound except some slight injuries.Despite her 8 experience,she was found to be in surprisingly good 9 ,except her understandable tiredness,thirst and fear. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 11 12 13 14 15 The 10 rescue was the result of the 11 between different departments and the community as a whole.The Newberry County Sheriff ‘s Office expressed their 12 for the efforts of everyone involved,including citizens,and those 13 their thoughts during the search.And they showed their relief at the 14 of the little girl in the care of family.Their heroic actions will be 15 as a heartwarming success story in Newberry County for years to come. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 11 12 13 14 15 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个两岁的小女孩丢失了,在救援中,各部门行动迅速、积极配合、坚持不懈,使得孩子及时得救的故事。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 1．A.disappointing　　　　 B．hopeful C．reasonable D．challenging 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“when a hunter in the area heard the cries of the missing child”可知,该地区的一名猎人听到了失踪儿童的哭声,因此此处表示情况出现了有希望的转变,故选B。disappointing“令人失望的,令人沮丧的”;reasonable“合理的,有理由的,公平的”;challenging“挑战性的”。 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 2．A.placed B．received C．missed D．answered 答案：A 解析：根据下文的“telling authorities the child’s location”并结合语境可知,此处表示猎人拨打紧急电话,告诉当地部门孩子的位置,故选A。place an emergency call“拨打紧急电话”。receive“收到”;miss“错过,思念”;answer“回答,答复”。 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 3．A.appeared B．escaped C．acted D．arrived 答案：C 解析：根据空后的“applying advanced mapping technology to locate the position”可知,电话接线员立刻行动,应用先进的测绘技术进行定位,故选C。appear“出现”;escape“逃离”;arrive“到达”。 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 4．A.optionally B．carefully C．entirely D．rapidly 答案：D 解析：根据下文的“With the location data in hand,the search and rescue team was quickly...”可知,这一关键信息随后被迅速发送给南卡罗来纳州执法部门,故选D项“迅速地”。optionally“可选择地”;carefully“小心地,仔细地”;entirely“完全地,完整地”。 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 5．A.discoverers B．rescuers C．operators D．survivors 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“the search and rescue team”和“these rescue workers”可知,此处指本县的第一批营救人员,故选B。discoverer“发现者”;operator“电话接线员,操作员”;survivor“幸存者”。 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 6．A.adapting B．returning C．heading D．pointing 答案：C 解析：根据下文的“The tireless efforts of these rescue workers”可知,有了定位数据,搜救队快速前往树林地带,开展搜救工作,故选C。head to“前往……”;adapt to“适应”;return to“返回到……”;point to“指向……”。 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 7．A.paid for B．set up C．took on D．led to 答案：D 解析：这些营救人员坚持不懈的努力最终促成了一次温馨感人的团聚,故选D。pay for“付……费用”;set up“建立,成立”;take on“呈现”;lead to“导致,造成(后果)”。 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 8．A.frightening B．regretful C．annoying D．shameful 答案：A 解析：根据上文的描述并结合常识可知,2岁的小女孩在树林里走丢,这是令人害怕的经历。故选A项“可怕的,令人害怕的,吓人的”。regretful“遗憾的,后悔的,失望的”;annoying“使生气的”;shameful“可耻的,丢脸的”。 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 9．A.shape B．mind C．order D．faith 答案：A 解析：根据上文的“The missing...safe and sound except some slight injuries.”可知,失踪的两岁小女孩最终在森林中被发现,除了一些轻伤,安然无恙。故选A。in good shape“(身体)状况良好”;in good order“很整齐”;in good faith“诚心诚意”。 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 10．A.risky B．remarkable C．traditional D．joyful 答案：B 解析：根据上文的描述和下文的“the efforts of everyone...thoughts during the search”可知,这次引人注目的营救是不同部门和整个社区合作的结果。故选B。risky“有风险的”;remarkable“非凡的,引人注目的”;traditional“传统的”;joyful“快乐的,令人愉快的”。 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.respect B．cooperation C．balance D．discussion 答案：B 解析：参见上一题解析。respect“尊重”;cooperation“合作”;balance“平衡”;discussion“讨论”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.blessing B．kindness C．concern D．gratitude 答案：D 解析：根据空后的“for the efforts of everyone involved”可知,纽贝里县治安官办公室对所有相关人员的努力表达感激,故选D。blessing“祝福,赞同”;kindness“善良,宽容”;concern“担心,忧虑”;gratitude“感激,感谢”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.offering B．praising C．advocating D．assessing 答案：A 解析：根据空后的“their thoughts”和常识可知,在搜救过程中,一些热心肠的人给出了他们的意见,故选A。offer“提供(东西或机会),主动提出”;praise“赞扬,表扬”;advocate“提倡,支持”;assess“评估,评定(性质、质量)”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.performance B．virtue C．recovery D．courage 答案：C 解析：该空与上文的“showed their relief”相呼应。他们对小女孩在家人照顾下的康复表示欣慰,故选C。performance“表演,演出”;virtue“美德,德行”;recovery“恢复,康复”;courage“勇气”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.edited B．perfected C．conducted D．celebrated 答案：D 解析：根据空后的“as a heartwarming success story”可知,他们的英勇行为将在未来几年作为纽贝里县一个感人的成功故事被颂扬,故选D。edit“编辑,剪辑”;perfect“使完善,使完美,使完备”;conduct“执行”;celebrate“赞美,颂扬”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 11 12 13 14 15 二次精读——溯原文,积语料,提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.1：secure v．(尤指经过努力)获得 adj.安全的;牢固的;可靠的 groundbreaking adj.创新的,开创性的 Para.2：brilliant adj.很好的;巧妙的;很成功的 affordable adj.价格合理的;负担得起的 witness v．见证;目击;(为正式文件的签署)作证constant adj.不断的;重复的;连续发生的 Para.3：exceptional adj.杰出的,优秀的 ambitious adj.雄心勃勃的;有野心的 Para.5：establish v．建立;设立;确立 派生词汇 Para.3：invaluable adj.极宝贵的;极有用的→value n．价值;用途;积极作用→valuable adj.有价值的;宝贵的;很重要的→valueless adj.没有价值的;不值钱的 Para.5：practical adj.实际的;适用的;切实可行的→practice v．练习;实习 n．练习,实践 熟词生义 Para.1：emerge 常用义：v.(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现,浮现,露出　文章义：v.露头;显现;显露 核心短语 Para.1：stand out突出,显眼,引人注目 Para.2：reflect on认真思考 can’t help but do sth.忍不住做某事 be aware of...意识到……,知道…… be associated with...与……有关 Para.5：long to do sth.渴望做某事 B篇 核心单词 Para.2：deficit n．(人体的)缺陷repurpose v．(为适合新用途)对……稍加修改,略微改动 Para.3：pioneering adj.开拓性的,先驱性的,探索性的 Para.4：individual n．个人;有个性的人 adj.单独的,个别的;一个人的;独特的 Para.5：crucial adj.至关重要的,关键性的 Para.6：miraculous adj.奇迹般的,不可思议的 派生词汇 Para.2：function n．作用,功能 v．运转→functional adj.作用的,功能的,机能的 Para.4：convincing adj.令人信服的,有说服力的→convince v．使确信,使相信,使信服→convinced adj.确信的,信服的;坚信不疑的 visual adj.视力的,视觉的→vision n．视力,视野;想象;想象力;眼力→visually adv.视觉上;表面上,外观上→visualize v．使可视化,使看得见 Para.5：persistent adj.坚持不懈的→persist v．继续存在,持续;坚持→persistence n．坚持不懈 核心短语 Para.1：contrary to与……相反 make up for弥补,补偿 Para.2：in response to...作为对……的回应或反应 Para.3：adapt to适应 长难句 分析 Writing in eLife, Professor Tamar Makin (Cambridge) and Professor John Krakauer (Johns Hopkins) argue that the belief that the brain,in response to injury or deficits,can reorganise itself and repurpose particular regions for new functions, is fundamentally incorrect—despite being commonly cited in scientific textbooks.(Para.2) 长难句 分析 分析：句中writing in eLife为现在分词短语作状语;第一个that引导宾语从句,作动词argue的宾语;第二个that引导同位语从句,解释说明the belief的内容。 译文：Tamar Makin教授(剑桥大学)和John Krakauer教授(约翰斯· 霍普金斯大学)在《eLife》杂志上撰文,他们认为大脑为了应对损伤或缺陷,可以重组自身并略微改动特定区域以获得新功能这一看法是完全错误的,尽管这一看法在科学教科书中经常被引用。 $$