必修2 Unit 6 Earth first-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版）

必修第二册 Unit 6　Earth first 主题语境　环境保护 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 背诵默写本 ◆重点单词 五级词汇 amount n．[C]&[U]数量,数额 　a large/huge amount of大量的 attitude n．[C](尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法,态度;姿势 　attitude to/towards对……的态度 damage vt.损害,破损,损伤 n．[U]损坏;损失 do/cause damage to对……造成损害 flood n．[C]&[U]洪水,水灾;[C]大量 vi.& vt.(被)淹没;(使)泛滥 vi.大量涌入(pour) 　a flood of大量的 reduce vt.减少,降低(cut) affect vt.影响;[常用于被动语态]使感动,打动;使感染(疾病) 　be affected by被……打动 average adj.[无比较级]平均(数)的;正常的;普通的 n．[C]&[U]平均数;平均水平 　on average平均 concerned adj.担忧的,焦急的;[不用于名词前]有关的,有关联的;关注的,关切的 　(be) concerned about/for担心/关心…… 四级词汇 　be concerned with/in与……有关 　as far as...be concerned就……而言,关于 contribute vi.促成,造成(某事发生) vi.& vt.捐献,捐助;投稿(～to) device n．[C]装置,设备,仪器;手段,策略,方法 devote vt.致力,献身,倾注;把……用于(devoted,devotion) 　devote oneself to (doing) sth.献身于/致力于/专心于(做)某事 　devote sth.to sth.把……用于…… dive (dived/dove,dived/dove) vi.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水,跳水(diving,diver);俯冲;冲向;暴跌 n．[C]跳水,潜水;俯冲 electricity n．[U]电;电能;电力　 cut off electricity切断电源 hunting n．[U]打猎,狩猎(hunt,hunter) 　go hunting去打猎 　job­-hunting/house­-hunting找工作/找房子 lecture n．[C](尤指大学里的)讲座,讲课,演讲 vi.讲课,开讲座,讲授 　attend/go to a lecture听讲座 　deliver a lecture做讲座 release vt.排放,释放;上映(电影),发行(CD、书等),发布(新闻等) n．[U][单数]释放,获释;发行,发布 release...from...从……中放出…… remove vt.移走,搬走,去掉;去除;脱去 　remove...from...从……移走/搬走/去掉…… reserve n．[C](野生生物)保护区;[常用复数]储备(量) vt.预订(book);保留(n.reservation) 　a wildlife reserve野生动植物保护区 solar adj.利用太阳光(能)的,太阳的 　solar energy/panels太阳能/太阳能电池板 　the solar calendar阳历 staff n．[C][集体名词]员工;全体职员 　staff members(AmE)职工 supply n．[C](煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统),供应量,供给量;[复数]补给品;[U]供应;提供 vt.供应,供给,提供 　supply and demand供应与需求 　emergency supplies应急物资 　supply sth. to sb./supply sb. with sth.为某人提供某物 三级词汇 adopt vt.采用,采取(某种方法),采纳 vt.& vi.领养 campaign n．[C](宣传)活动;(政治、商业、社会)运动;战役 vt.& vi.参加运动;领导运动 　launch a campaign发起一项运动 establish vt.建立,创立,设立(set up);确立,使立足 false adj.不正确的,错误的;假的,不真实的;人造的(artificial) fortunately adv.[句子副词]幸运地(luckily)(fortune,fortunate,unfortunate,unfortunately) majority n．[常用单数]多数,大多数(人或物)(反minority) permission n．[U]许可,允许(v.permit) 　with your permission如蒙允许 severe adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的;严厉的;恶劣的 　severe competition激烈的竞争 shark n．[C]鲨(鱼) target vt.[常用于被动语态]把……作为目标/对象 n．[C]对象;靶子;目标(goal) urge vt.[正式用语]竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促,力劝;鞭策,驱赶 n．[C]强烈的欲望,迫切的需要(desire) 　urge sb. to do sth.催促/力劝某人做某事 　urge that...(should) do sth.催促/力劝……(应该)做某事 二级词汇 brochure n．[C]小册子,资料(或广告)手册 cruelty n．[U]残忍,残酷,残暴(adj.cruel;反kindness) drought n．[U]&[C]干旱,旱灾(adj.dry) fog n．[C]&[U]雾(mist);[非正式用语]迷惘,困惑 　thick fog浓雾 highlight vt.使……突出,使注意力集中于;使醒目n.[C]最精彩的场面/部分 leak vt.& vi.(使)漏,(使)渗漏;(使)泄漏 n．[C]漏洞;裂缝;透露,泄露 ocean n．[C]海洋,大海 plug n．[C](电)插头,[口语]插座;栓,塞子 vt.给……接通电源;堵塞,封堵 presentation n．[C]报告,(观点的)陈述,说明;[C]展示会,介绍会;[U]授予, 颁发(v.present) *renewable adj.(能源)可更新的,可恢复的,可再生的;可延期的 　renewable energy/resources可再生能源/资源 restore vt.使恢复,修复 *reusable adj.可再度使用的,可多次使用的 sustainable adj.可持续的,不破坏环境的 　sustainable development可持续发展 *appliance n．[C]家用电器,家用器具 　electrical/household appliances电器/家用电器 *bulb n．[C]灯泡 canteen n．[C](工厂、学校等的)食堂,餐厅 extinction n．[U]灭绝,绝种(adj.extinct) 　in danger of extinction濒临灭绝 *fin v．切去(鱼的)鳍 n．[C]鱼鳍 infection n．[U]感染;[C]传染病 *litre n．[C]升,公升 mode n．[C](机器、设备的)运行方式,状态,模式 一级词汇 scare vt.使(某人)惊恐,吓唬,使害怕(frighten) 　scare...away/off把……吓跑 　be scared/frightened/afraid of害怕…… slide n．[C]幻灯片;滑动;滑道,滑梯;衰落 vi.& vt.(slid,slid)(使)滑行,滑动;(使)快捷而悄声地移动(slip) smog n．[U]&[C]雾霾,烟雾 *stand-­by adj.备用的;(票)候补的 　stand­-by mode待机模式 carbon n．[U]碳 greenhouse n．温室,暖房 ◆重点短语 1．in fear恐惧,担心 2．be scared/frightened/afraid of害怕…… 3．due to由于,因为 4．cut off切断;阻断;隔绝 5．have an effect on/upon对……有影响 6．see...as...把……看作…… 7．the other way round相反的情况 8．mistake...for...把……误认为…… 9．break down分解 10．take...into account把……考虑进去 ◆句式表达 1．句式：形容词(短语)作状语 Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film.有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物而不再去海里游泳。 2．句式：see＋宾语＋宾语补足语(being done) Benchley saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him.看到鲨鱼被杀使本奇利有了深刻的改变。 3．句式：it takes sb./sth. some time to do It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper.塑料需要几百年才能分解,但纸张分解所需的时间则要短得多。 4．句式：倍数表达 However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而,制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍,用水量多达三倍。 5．句式：强调句型 It is the production of food,not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. 大部分能源的消耗和温室气体的产生源于食物的生产,而非运输过程。 板块二　默写练习 第一组　核心单词 1． a TV program at environmental protection 把 环境保护作为目标的电视节目 2． have a positive towards life 对生活持有积极 的态度 3． the Atlantic 大西洋 targeted attitude Ocean 4． the major problems facing society today 强调 当今社会所面临的主要问题 5． emotionally children 感情上受伤害的孩子 6． the water 供水 7． weather conditions 恶劣的天气情况 8． a hall 演讲厅 9． a argument 错误的论据 10． an of money 一笔钱 11． an price 平均价格 highlight damaged supply severe lecture false amount average 1． fortune n．幸运→ adj.幸运的 → adv.幸运地 2． affect v．影响→ n．喜爱 3． adopt v．采取(某种方法)→ adj.收养的,领养 的→ n．采用;收养 4． reduce v．减少,降低→ n．减少;降低 5． major adj.主要的,重要的 v．主修→ n．多 数,大多数(人或物) fortunate fortunately affection adopted adoption reduction majority 第二组　拓展词汇 6． electricity n．电→ adj.电的;用电的 → adj.与电有关的;用电的;发电的 7． remove v．移走,搬走,去掉→ n．免职;移动; 消除;搬迁 8． urge v．竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促→ adj.紧急的 electric electrical removal urgent 9． Bethune, a friend of Chinese, ⁠ his life to helping Chinese.I really respect his ⁠ to medical work.(devote) 10． Without the teachers’ ,no one ⁠ ⁠ to go into the chemistry lab.(permit) 11． As far as I’m ⁠,we should be aware that our parents are ⁠ not only about our safety,but also some matters ⁠ our growth.(concern) devoted devoted devotion permission is permitted concerned concerned concerning ■利用语境串记单词 12． More and more species are becoming ⁠ every year.This mass ⁠ is caused by hunting.(extinct) 13． Once upon a time,human beings treated sharks ⁠ and people’s ⁠ made the number of sharks reduce sharply.(cruel) 14． She ⁠ all her life to the scientific career and no doubt her ⁠ won admiration of people all over the country.(contribute) extinct extinction cruelly cruelty contributed contribution 1． 恐惧,担心 2． 害怕…… 3． 把……看作…… 4． 相反的情况 5． 把……误认为…… in fear be scared/frightened/afraid of see...as... the other way round mistake...for... 第三组　重点短语 6． (译林必修三U1)Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared (由于人类 活动)such as agriculture and cattle farming. 7． Is it the years when you worked in the factory that ⁠ (对你的文学作品有影响)? 8． Though the program was well-­designed,cooperation between the two companies eventually (破裂) because neither of them was willing to make a compromise. due to human activities have an effect upon your literary works broke down ■根据语境完成句子 9． I’d appreciate it if you could ⁠ (考虑我的建议). I do hope my tips will be helpful to you.(建议信) 10． Without access to the Internet, they found themselves ⁠ (与外界隔绝了). take my suggestions into account cut off from the outside world 1． 他们坐在沙滩上,享受着阳光,轻松愉快。(场景描写) They sat on the beach, enjoying the sunshine, ⁠ ．[形容词(短语)作状语] 2． 杰西卡付出了以前三倍的时间和精力,所以我相信她这次 能成功。(细节描写) Jessica devoted ⁠ she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time.(倍数句型) relaxed and happy three times as much time and energy as 第四组　句式仿写 3． (译林选必三U1) 就在那时,我注意到一只灰色的小猴子坐 在几米外的树上吃香蕉。(场景描写) ⁠ I noticed a small grey monkey sitting on a tree a few metres away and eating a banana.(强调句型) It was then that 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 巩固提升 写作规范练(二) Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1. devote v．致力,献身,倾注→ adj.忠实的;挚爱 的→ n．奉献;献身;忠诚 (1)devote...to...把……用于…… devote oneself to致力于;献身于 (2)be devoted to专心于;致力于 devoted devotion ①(译林选必二U2)Motivated by the original Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger”, many well-­known athletes, both male and female, have devoted themselves to ⁠ (achieve) sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement. ②(译林选必二U2)Another sportsperson that should be applauded is Jessica Ennis-­Hill. Her story is a remarkable example of how hard work and ⁠ (devote) can lead to sporting excellence. achieving devotion → ⁠,he was praised by his peers and community members for his dedication and positive impact.(现在分词短语作状语) → ⁠,he was praised by his peers and community members for his dedication and positive impact.(过去分词短语作状语) Devoting himself to community activities Devoted to community activities ③He (致力于) community activities and was praised by his peers and community members for his dedication and positive impact.(人物描写) devoted himself to reduce...by...把……减少了…… reduce...to...把……减少到……; 把……变为某种状态 be reduced to陷入某种境地(to为介词) 2. reduce v．减少,降低→ n．降低;减少 reduction ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)“We are passionate about ⁠ (reduce) waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. ②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste ⁠ (reduce) by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-­use plastic． ③(北师大选必四U12)My expectations were reduced ⁠ zero when I was 21. Everything since then has been a bonus. reducing reduction to 一次性塑料 ④听到她考试失败的消息,玛丽在父母面前忍不住泪流满面, 无法掩饰自己的失望和沮丧。(情绪描写) At the news that she failed in the exam,Mary ⁠ ⁠ in front of her parents, unable to contain her disappointment and frustration. was reduced to tears 3. urge v．竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促 n．冲动;强烈的欲望 → adj.紧急的;迫切的→ n．紧急;催促 urgent urgency (1)urge sb.to do sth.敦促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth.极力主张……(应该)做某事 (2)have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事 (3)in urgent need of 急需 ①(译林选必二U4)As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us ⁠ (think) about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. ②To protect oceans better,we must urge that more people ⁠ (reflect) on their own improper behavior and make changes. ③Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of ⁠ (urge) to do my schoolwork immediately. to think (should)reflect urgency ④(译林选必三U4)There are currently around 1,100 sites in more than 160 countries worldwide. Unfortunately, they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in ⁠ (urge) need of protection. ⑤看到那么多人,汤姆感到很尴尬,但他抑制住了想跑下台的 冲动。(心理描写) At the sight of so many people, Tom was embarrassed, but he ⁠． urgent fought the urge to run off the stage 4. contribute v．促成,造成(某事发生);捐赠;捐献;投稿 → n．捐款;贡献;稿件 contribution (1)contribute sth.to...把某物捐献给…… contribute to 有助于;导致;投稿 (2)make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献 ①(人教选必二U2)They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute ⁠ the economy and further strengthen our country. to ②Reading the English newspaper regularly does improve my English level. Sometimes I contribute my articles ⁠ the newspaper,which further strengthens my writing ability. to ③(2024·全国甲卷)因此,我们需要努力学习,为交通运输的进 一步发展作出贡献。(发言稿) Therefore, we need to study hard and ⁠ ⁠ ⁠． make a contribution/contributions to the further development of transportation 5. average adj.平均(数)的;普通的,平常的 n．平均数;平均水 平 v．平均为;计算出……的平均数 an average of平均(后跟数词) on average 平均起来 above/below (the) average高于/低于平均水平 ①(2024·全国甲卷)Each stop lasts ⁠ average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡 村) populations with basic medical care, X-­ray scans and prescriptions. ②It is said that the time spent on computer games by Tom is more than four hours a day (平均). ③他的学习成绩远高于平均水平,但他仍然十分谦虚, 且乐于 助人。(人物介绍) His academic performance ⁠ , but he is still modest and helpful. an on average is well above average ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Due ⁠ a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. ,be due to sth./sb.归因于某事/ 某人;应付给某人…… be due to do sth.预计做某事,预定要做某事 ②The bus was due (arrive) at 5：00 p．m., but it arrived one hour late due to ⁠ (hold) up by the heavy fog. to to arrive being held 6. due to由于,因为 着陆;降落 ③我要感谢您,没有您的帮助,我的英语不可能进步这么大。 (感谢信) ⁠ (非限制性定语从句) [名师点津]　表示 “由于,因为”的短语还有because of, on account of, owing to, thanks to, in consequence of, as a consequence/result of等。 My thanks are due to you, without whose help I would not make great progress in English. 7. take...into account (＝take account of...)把……考虑进去 → vt.认为是;视为 n．描述;报告;客户;账目;账户;账号 account (1)account for... 是……的原因;解释;(数量上、比例上)占…… give an account of 说明;对……进行描述 (2)on account of 由于,因为 on no account 决不(位于句首,句子用部分倒装) ①(译林选必四U2)Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts ⁠ their emotions and empathize with them. ②The professor warned the students that (绝 对不能) should they use mobile phones in his class. ③总之,我真诚地希望您能考虑到我上面所说的,并为你的未 来做出明智的决定。(建议信) To sum up,it’s my sincere hope that you can ⁠ ⁠ and make a wise decision for your future. for on no account take what I’ve stated above into account [教材原句]　Some people stopped swimming in the sea,afraid of the horrible creature from the film.有些人因为害怕电影里那种 可怕的生物而不再去海里游泳。 (1)形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等,可 位于句首、句末或句中,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 (2)形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果 用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子,则应用副词作状语。 8. 形容词(短语)作状语 ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. ⁠ (thankful), there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. ②(北师大选必一U3)How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, ⁠ (tire) and angry? ③他无法控制自己的愤怒,气得冲出房间,狠狠地摔上门。(动 作＋情绪描写) ⁠ , he stormed out of the room, slamming the door furiously behind him. Thankfully tired Unable to contain his anger [教材原句]　However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.然而,制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋 的四倍,用水量多达三倍。 (1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋B (2)A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B (3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of＋B (4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句,表示“A是……的多少倍”　 9. 倍数句型 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times ⁠ size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. ②The number of students now in this school is four times ⁠ it was ten years ago. the what →The new stadium being built will be ⁠ the present one. →The new stadium being built will be ⁠ than the present one. →The new stadium being built will be ⁠ ⁠ the present one. three times as big as three times bigger three times the size of ③正在建设的新体育场将是目前这个体育场的三倍大。 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1． (2025·八省联考)A nearby theater was showing a documentary (纪录片) about several local animal shelters that were helping to save abandoned dogs across the country. I love animals, and I felt an urge ⁠ (go) to this fundraising event. to go 2． (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an ⁠ (establish) trail. 3． (2023·浙江1月卷)Over the past few years,many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators,resulting in soil improvement and carbon ⁠ (reduce). established reduction 4． (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)I went to my teacher’s office after the award ⁠ (present). 5. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Cycling is the most economical, ⁠ (sustain) and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. 6． (北师大必修三U7)Some think it is a crime if done without a property owner’s ⁠ (permit), while others see this as a rich form of non-­traditional cultural expression. presentation sustainable permission 7． (北师大选必二U6)Some advertisements nowadays aim to make a ⁠(contribute) to society and welfare. 8． (译林必修三U3)No wonder the Internet has now become the first place that the ⁠ (major) of people turn to for information. contribution majority 9． (北师大选必二U6)As present-­day advertisers often have large budgets, huge amounts of money ⁠ (spend) on applying modern design techniques to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible. 10． The society was set up to preserve endangered species from ⁠ (extinct). are spent extinction Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1． 并不是每个人都能意识到某些种类的垃圾需要花费许多 年才能分解。(take) Not everyone realizes that ⁠ ．(倡议信) it takes many years for some kinds of garbage to break down 2． 我们面临的挑战很艰难,但学到的教训是值得的。 (worth) The challenges we faced were difficult, but ⁠ ⁠. the lessons learned are worth the effort 3． 很高兴得知你对中国画感兴趣,我写信真诚地邀请你参观 我们学校正在举行的展览。(形容词短语作状语) ⁠ ⁠,I am writing to sincerely invite you to visit the exhibition being hosted in our school. (邀请信) Glad/Delighted to know that you are interested in Chinese paintings 4． 在那场极其强烈的地震之后,该地区的水电供应被切断了。 After the extremely powerful earthquake, ⁠ ⁠． the water and electricity supply of the area was cut off 5． 全球变暖对世界各地数百种植物和动物物种产生了巨大 影响,改变了一些生存模式。 Global warming ⁠ hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns. (生态保护) is having a great effect on Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. _____ A．补给品　　　　B．供给　　　　 C．供应量 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. _____ A．大量 B．洪水　 C．泛滥 C A 3．(2022·浙江卷)The feeling of being able to see it and to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person. _____ A．出故障 B．打破 C．分解 B A．预定的,预期的　 B．到期的　 C．应给予,应归于　 D．适当的,合适的 (1)I must remind you that the next rent payment is due on January 31. __ (2)No matter how ordinary a job is,it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect. ___ B D 4．due A．预定的,预期的　 B．到期的　 C．应给予,应归于　 D．适当的,合适的 (3)The honour is mainly due to you.But for your help and professional instruction,we couldn’t have done so brilliantly. _____ (4)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. ____ C A 4．due 根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Jim, 1.__________________________________________________ ___________________________[很高兴听说你正在策划一个以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动(形容词短语作状语)],I am writing to offer you some suggestions. 培优2　单元话题写作——环境保护 Glad to hear that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” To begin with,I strongly 2.______________________________ ____________(敦促你组织一次徒步旅行)around the city to explore the green places in Beijing while promoting eco­-friendly transportation. Another effective activity is planting trees to 3.____________________ __________________ (为城市的绿化作出贡献).There is no doubt that to build a green Beijing,you need to make joint efforts with local volunteers or environmental organizations to 4.__________________ (致力于保护) Beijing’s natural environment. urge that you should organize a walking tour contribute to the greening of the city be devoted to protecting I sincerely hope that you can 5.___________________________ ________ (考虑以上建议). I am looking forward to participating in this event and strengthening environmental awareness together. Yours, Li Hua take the above suggestions into account 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　scare, urge, be concerned about, fortunately [动作描写]　dive, devote, highlight, damage, affect, release, leak, contribute to 美句 1.She surfaces,cries in fear,then disappears forever.(情感＋动作链描写) 2．People have always been scared of sharks,but Jaws made things worse.It made people frightened of sharks,especially of the great white shark.(情感描写) 3．Some people stopped swimming in the sea,afraid of the horrible creature from the film.(情感描写) Step 2　语料运用　【克服恐高心理】 被那座桥的高度吓坏了,我的双腿颤抖。深受小女儿的影响,我低声对自己说：“勇敢是最重要的品质。”身旁的丈夫很担心我,一直抓着我的胳膊。 1．________________________ ________ (过去分词短语作状语),my legs trembled. 2._________________ _______________ (过去分词短语作状语),I whispered to myself,“Bravery is the most significant quality.” My husband beside me 3._____________ __________,grabbing my arm all the time. Scared by the height of the bridge Deeply affected by my little daughter was concerned about me 4.____________________________ ____________ (现在分词短语作状语),I released my pressure and walked on the 22­-meter­-high suspension bridge. Fortunately, I was no longer overcome by fear. 5.________________________________________________________________________(强调句型). 力劝自己树立信心,我释放了压力,然后走到了22米高的吊桥上。幸运的是,我不再被恐惧笼罩。正是我女儿的勇敢帮助了我,并促成了我的成功。 Urging myself to build up confidence It was my daughter’s bravery that helped me and contributed to my success 语料积累 【情感细节描写：焦虑、担忧与不耐烦】   单词 anxious, anxiety, worry, worried, worrying, helpless, hopeless, concerned, anxiously, helplessness, hopelessness, concern 词块 with anxiety 焦虑地; be concerned about担忧; be worried about担心; be full of anxiety焦虑不安; feelings of anxiety and concern焦虑和担忧的感觉 句型 Lost in the mountain, they had nothing to do but wait for rescue anxiously.(副词) 他们在山里迷了路,只好焦急地等待救援。 As the evening wore on, they grew increasingly/more and more worried.(形容词) 随着夜色渐深,他们越来越担忧。 树林开始起雾了,他们周围的一切都被黑暗吞噬,这无疑使他们更加无助。 句型 ①Fog began creeping into the forest.Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness, which undoubtedly left them even more helpless.(非限制性定语从句) ②Fog began creeping into the forest.Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness, undoubtedly leaving them even more helpless.(分词短语作状语) Mary was close to tears with anxiety and fear.(介词短语) 玛丽既担心又害怕,几乎要哭了。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A (2024·河南郑州第二次质量预测)Waterways are important for every country around the world.They provide not only water for everyday use but also routes for transport.However,due to industrial activity,many of them are now polluted. Dakota Perry from the US has experienced water pollution first­hand.The 15­-year­-old high school girl told Alabama Local News that she spends a lot of time going on boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house.However,the river has become littered with plastic bags,bottles and cups.Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river.So,with the help of her father,she designed a system to collect and remove rubbish in waterways. In May,Perry put forward her solution at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair held in Georgia,the US,and received a Judge’s Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for her project. According to the Science News for Students website,her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble (气泡) Barrier in Amsterdam,which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system.But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment­-friendly.She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally (对角地).The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore.Once there,a conveyor run by a solar­-powered battery would carry the waste to a dustbin. In her backyard pool,Perry used an air compressor (压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles.She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain.“For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish,” she explained to Science News for Students,“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.” After she tested her system for collecting rubbish,Perry found that it worked better than expected.Next,she plans to work out how to use the power of the river to run the air compressor. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。一位15岁的美国高中女孩Dakota Perry在父亲的帮助下,设计了一款收集和清理河道垃圾的系统。 1 2 3 4 1．What motivated Perry to design a rubbish-­collecting system?(　　) A．Her father’s encouragement. B．Her desire to protect a nearby river. C．A visit to a science and engineering fair. D．An invention of a Dutch high school student. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The 15­-year-­old...boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house.However,the river has become littered with plastic bags,bottles and cups.Perry wanted to clean up the water”可知,Perry和她的爸爸喜欢在他们房子后面的河上乘船旅行,然而河里到处都是塑料袋、瓶子和杯子。为了清理河道里的垃圾,保护附近的河流,Perry设计了一款垃圾收集系统。故B项正确。 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2．What can we know about the rubbish­-collecting system?(　　) A．It was designed by Perry alone. B．It makes power to run the air compressor. C．It collects solar energy to remove rubbish. D．It creates a bubble curtain to block rubbish. D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally.The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore.”可知,她计划制作一个气泡屏障,使河流对角线延伸,气泡屏障会阻止漂浮的垃圾,然后把它推向岸边。故D项正确。 1 2 3 4 3．What is the 5th paragraph mainly about?(　　) A．Advantages of the system. B．The way of testing the system. C．The improvement on the system. D．Challenges in the design process. B 解析：段落大意题。根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain (她尝试了不同数量的压力,以确保有足够的气泡来形成一个完整的屏障).”和“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out (我得知道空气压缩机应该施加多大的压力)”可知,本段主要讲测试这个系统的方法。故B项正确。 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 4．What kind of person is Perry?(　　) A．Efficient and ambitious. B．Helpful and hard­-working. C．Responsible and creative. D．Professional and adventurous. C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Perry wanted to clean up the water”可以看出,Perry是一个有社会责任感的人;根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles”可以看出,Perry对自己的系统很负责任;根据第四段中的“Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-­friendly”可知,Perry是一个有创新精神的人。故C项正确。 1 2 3 4 B (2025·河南郑州第一次质量预测)Many news reports focus on climate change these days.Extreme heat,wildfires,floods,homeless polar bears...How do you feel when reading worrying news about climate change? You may believe that people are becoming insensitive to the warming planet,accepting that it is only getting worse. A research team at The Pennsylvania State University,US,reported otherwise.To record how the news can impact people’s emotions,participants were first exposed to negative news stories about climate change for three days.They then continued to read negative news headlines for seven days.In the first three days,the participants experienced greater fear and less hope,which can potentially hurt an audience’s belief that they can do anything to tackle the problem. However,during the seven-­day-­long exposure,the fear peaked and then held steady (稳定的).“We saw the opposite pattern in our second study.The more exposure people had to these threatening news stories each day,the more likely they were to think that they could make a difference in tackling climate change,”Christofer Skurka,the paper’s lead author told The Pennsylvania State University website. According to the researchers,one possibility is that when the public hears about climate change threats,they may convince themselves that they have control over the situation.They will then believe that their actions may make a difference. Knowing that everyone is able to help is only the first step.According to a study that analyzed information from 430 different studies,what motivates people the most to change their behavior is social comparison.For example,if a person’s neighbors follow a low-­carbon lifestyle,such as driving electric cars,the person may feel social pressure and become more likely to follow this behavior.This happens because people usually judge their own behavior and follow social norms (规范).Another effective motivation is providing financial rewards for consumers,helping them save money. “There are so many routes to our goals,” Matthew Goldberg,the co­-author of the study,told Scientific American.As Goldberg pointed out,future research like this can help policymakers decide how best to encourage people toward more climate-­friendly habits. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,长期接触气候变化的新闻不会让人变得麻木不仁,反而会激发人们强烈的社会责任感。本文主要介绍了该研究的实施、结果以及如何激发人们保护环境的行为。 5 6 7 8 5．How did the participants react to negative news in the second study?(　　) A．They found the news unbelievable. B．They lost hope in tackling climate change. C．They experienced greater fear for the future. D．They felt a strong sense of social responsibility. D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We saw the opposite pattern in our second study.The more...they were to think that they could make a difference in tackling climate change”可知,在第二项研究中,参与者每天接触这些威胁性的新闻报道越多,他们就越有可能认为自己可以在应对气候变化方面发挥作用。由此可以推知,参与者感到了一种强烈的社会责任感。故D项正确。 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 6．What encourages people most toward more climate-­friendly behavior?(　　) A．Effective policy. B．A healthy lifestyle. C．Social influence. D．Financial support. C 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。 根据第五段中的“what motivates people the most to change their behavior is social comparison...people usually judge their own behavior and follow social norms”可知,最能促使人们改变行为的是社会比较,接着作者举例来阐述这一观点,并解释这是因为人们通常会评判自己的行为并遵循社会规范。由此可知,社会影响最能鼓励人们采取更有利于气候的行为。故选C。 5 6 7 8 7．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?(　　) A．Responses to climate change education. B．The effectiveness of community initiatives. C．The impact of social norms on the environment. D．Ways to encourage climate-­friendly behavior. D 5 6 7 8 解析：段落大意题。根据第五段中的“what motivates people the most to change their behavior is social comparison”和 “Another effective motivation is providing financial rewards for consumers,helping them save money.”可知,第五段主要讲了鼓励人们改变自己的行为、激发人们的气候友好行为的有效方式,故D项正确。 5 6 7 8 8．What is Goldberg’s attitude towards similar future research?(　　) A．Doubtful.　　　　　　 B．Optimistic. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“future research like this can help policymakers decide how best to encourage people toward more climate­-friendly habits”可知,未来像这样的研究可以帮助政策制定者决定如何最好地鼓励人们养成更有利于气候的习惯。由此可见,Goldberg对未来的类似研究充满了希望,故B项正确。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。大脑通常被视为人类最重要的器官。它控制着我们的思想、情绪、记忆,甚至我们的行动。然而,大脑和身体是紧密相连的。研究表明,经常锻炼可以显著提高记忆力、注意力和解决问题的能力等认知功能。 (2024·山东济南质检)The brain is often seen as the most important organ of us humans.It controls our thoughts,emotions,memories and even our movements.However,what many people often forget is that the brain and the body are closely connected.1( ) A．It even strengthens creativity. B．Actually the body deeply affects the brain. C．The brain also has great impacts on exercise. D．An exercise lover is unlikely to suffer from depression. E．Walking and jogging do good to mental functions too. F．Strength training has also been shown to benefit the brain. G．The links between the brain and the body cannot be overstated. 1．答案：B　 解析：空前讲“然而,许多人经常忘记的是,大脑和身体是紧密相连的”。下文提到“经常锻炼可以显著提高记忆力、注意力和解决问题的能力等认知功能”,揭示了身体对大脑的影响,故B项“事实上,身体深深地影响着大脑”承上启下,符合语境。 Studies have shown that regular exercise can significantly improve cognitive functions such as memory,attention and problem­solving abilities. 2( ) How does this happen? Well,the answer lies in the way exercise affects the brain. A．It even strengthens creativity. B．Actually the body deeply affects the brain. C．The brain also has great impacts on exercise. D．An exercise lover is unlikely to suffer from depression. E．Walking and jogging do good to mental functions too. F．Strength training has also been shown to benefit the brain. G．The links between the brain and the body cannot be overstated. 2．答案：A　 解析：空前提到“研究表明,经常锻炼可以显著提高记忆力、注意力和解决问题的能力等认知功能”,A项“它甚至增强创造力”与上文内容构成递进关系,均描述了经常锻炼对大脑的影响。A项中的it指代空前的“regular exercise”。 Exercise increases the production of proteins that promote the growth and survival of neurons (神经元),thus ensuring better brain functions.Moreover,exercise has a positive impact on moods and mental well­-being.It helps release some natural mood boosters that make us feel more positive and happy.3( ) A．It even strengthens creativity. B．Actually the body deeply affects the brain. C．The brain also has great impacts on exercise. D．An exercise lover is unlikely to suffer from depression. E．Walking and jogging do good to mental functions too. F．Strength training has also been shown to benefit the brain. G．The links between the brain and the body cannot be overstated. 3．答案：D　 解析：空前的“exercise has a positive impact...feel more positive and happy”讲锻炼对情绪和精神健康有积极的影响。它有助于释放一些自然的情绪增进剂,这种情绪增进剂让我们感觉更积极和快乐。D项“一个运动爱好者不太可能患抑郁症”承接上文,符合语境。 As for the exercise variety,it’s not just about aerobic (有氧的) exercise like running or cycling.4( ) It improves concentration and decision­-making abilities by enhancing the connectivity between different regions of the brain. A．It even strengthens creativity. B．Actually the body deeply affects the brain. C．The brain also has great impacts on exercise. D．An exercise lover is unlikely to suffer from depression. E．Walking and jogging do good to mental functions too. F．Strength training has also been shown to benefit the brain. G．The links between the brain and the body cannot be overstated. 4．答案：F　 解析：根据空前的“至于运动种类,不仅仅包括像跑步或骑自行车这样的有氧运动”,并结合常识可推知,空处内容应与无氧运动有关。故F项“力量训练也被证明对大脑有益”承接上文。空后的it指代F项中的“Strength training”。 5( ) Exercise isn’t just about keeping fit or losing weight; it’s about improving cognitive functions,boosting moods and even helping us think more creatively.So,the next time you feel lazy or unmotivated to exercise,remember that every step you take is one step closer to a healthier,happier and more intelligent you. A．It even strengthens creativity. B．Actually the body deeply affects the brain. C．The brain also has great impacts on exercise. D．An exercise lover is unlikely to suffer from depression. E．Walking and jogging do good to mental functions too. F．Strength training has also been shown to benefit the brain. G．The links between the brain and the body cannot be overstated. 5．答案：G　 解析：空处所在段是文章的总结段。上文具体描述了锻炼是如何积极地影响大脑的。下文讲“锻炼不仅仅是为了保持健康或减肥;它可以提高认知功能,提升情绪,甚至帮助我们更具创造性地思考”,再次强调了锻炼对大脑的积极影响。故G项“大脑和身体之间的联系怎么说也不为过”符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分) (2024·河北石家庄教学质量检测二)Dunhuang, an oasis (绿洲) in the Taklimakan Desert, used to be a major stop along the Silk Road, but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 Those interested 1 Dunhuang’s colorful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves, one of the city’s main attractions. The entrance to each cave 2 (block) by a locked door, which can only be opened by expert guides. Behind these doors are caves of all 3 (size)—from very small to absolutely huge. The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings, which, upon their discovery, drew much 4 (attend) to the area. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 Also, there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise.5 (catch) this incredible scene, you must rise early. It’s bitterly cold. But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes (沙丘) and paints a 6 (true) picturesque scene, all your efforts pay off. Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride. Get off the camels 7____ walk up a rather steep dune overlooking Crescent Lake. From this position, 8 (regard) as the best one, the incredible sunset is awe-­inspiring. No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum,9 it’s possible to put all of the city’s historical sites into proper historical context. The museum is expansive, 10______ (contain) many original artworks. Here, you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang’s rich culture. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了敦煌,它曾是丝绸之路的重要驿站,如今成为迷人的旅游胜地。游客可在日出时漫步沙漠绿洲,日落时骑骆驼。那里还有敦煌莫高窟和敦煌博物馆供人们游览。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 1．答案：in　 解析：考查介词。句意：那些对敦煌丰富多彩的历史感兴趣的人将被该城市的主要景点之一敦煌莫高窟吸引。考查固定短语be interested in,故填介词in。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 2．答案：is blocked　 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：每个洞窟的入口都被一扇锁着的门堵着,只有专业导游才能打开。空处所在句为主从复合句,which引导定语从句,主句缺少谓语动词。此处描述客观情况,故用一般现在时;主语the entrance与block是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;且主语是第三人称单数。故填is blocked。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 3．答案：sizes　 解析：考查名词单复数。根据空前的all和空后的from very small to absolutely huge可知,此处应用名词复数,表示不止一个尺寸,故填 sizes。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 4．答案：attention　 解析：考查词性转换。空前有much修饰,应用不可数名词作drew的宾语,draw attention to“吸引对……的注意力”,故填attention。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 5．答案：To catch　 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了捕捉这一令人难以置信的场景,你必须早起。结合句意可知,此处为非谓语动词短语作目的状语,注意句首首字母要大写,故填To catch。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 6．答案：truly　 解析：考查词性转换。此处表示“描绘出一幅真正如画的风景”;空后picturesque“优美的”是形容词,应用副词修饰,故填truly。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 7．答案：and　 解析：考查连词。句意：从骆驼上下来,爬上一个俯瞰月牙泉的相当陡峭的沙丘。本句是祈使句,get off和walk up两个动词短语并列且表示顺承,故填并列连词and。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 8．答案：regarded　 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：从这个被认为最佳的位置看,让人难以置信的日落令人敬畏。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词短语作定语,修饰position,且position和regard之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填regarded。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 9．答案：where　 解析：考查定语从句。句意：没有参观敦煌博物馆的敦煌之旅是不完整的,在那里可以将这座城市的所有历史遗迹置于适当的历史背景中。分析句子结构可知,该空引导定语从句,修饰先行词Dunhuang Museum,且在定语从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 显示原文 10．答案：containing　 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：博物馆很大,收藏了许多原作。分析句子结构可知,空处构成非谓语动词短语作状语。contain意为“包含”,和主语the museum构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故应用现在分词形式containing。 二次精读——溯原文,积语料,提素养 A篇   核心单词 Para.1：industrial adj.工业的,产业的 Para.2：first-­hand adv.第一手得来地,直接地 remove v．移开,拿开,去掉 Para.4：direct v．指引,指向,引导;把……对准 stretch v．拉长,撑大;拉直 核心短语 Para.3：put forward提出(计划、建议、意见等) B篇 核心单词 Para.3：peak v．达到高峰 Para.6：climate-­friendly adj.有利于气候的 派生词汇 Para.1：insensitive adj.漠不关心的;(对某事物)无感觉;麻木不仁的→sensitive adj.神经过敏的;体贴的,善解人意的;敏感的 Para.2：potentially adv.可能地,潜在地→potential n．潜力;可能性 adj.潜在的,可能的 Para.3：threatening adj.威胁(性)的,恐吓(性)的;乌云密布的→threaten v．威胁;危及,对……构成威胁→threat n．威胁,恐吓 核心短语 Para.2：be exposed to...接触到……,暴露于…… 写作规范练(二 ) 写作规范练(二) Ⅰ.应用文写作——建议信(共15分) (2024·河南适应性测试)假如你是李华,你校计划举行以“Fly Your Dream”为主题的英语周活动,现就活动的内容、形式征集建议,请你给负责本次活动的外教Chris写一封信,提出你的想法。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Dear Chris, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua [参考范文] Dear Chris, I’m Li Hua,a senior 3 student in our school.I feel greatly privileged and excited to show my opinions on the approaching activity week with the theme of “Fly Your Dream”． Personally,a theme class meeting,I Have a Dream,may be a good alternative,offering us students an opportunity to share our dreams freely.Additionally,each class can choose a representative to join in a speech contest titled “Fly Your Dream”,which will serve as an inspiration for us to dream big and fight for a better future. I’m really expecting the coming of the significant week.Sincere gratitude for your consideration. Yours, Li Hua Ⅱ.读后续写——挑战自我(共25分) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·贵州贵阳第二次适应性考试)The smell of defeat filled the air on a warm October evening. In the school parking lot stood Coach McDonald and me, a loser in the 160­-pound weight class. Coach McDonald’s hands firmly grasped my shoulders, his eyes looking through my uncertainty. “Billy,” his voice cut through the uneasy quiet. “The potential for you to become an excellent wrestler exists. It takes time,” he argued. “Don’t you see? I lost... again. Ten matches. Never won.” Frustration struck me as I stepped away from Coach McDonald. Pulling my cell phone from my equipment bag, I said definitively, “I need to call my mom. She’ll pick me up.” I just wanted to get away as soon as possible and flung myself into Mom’s arms. She had always been my best friend and supporter. While waiting for her to answer my call, the thought of quitting the sport rumbled in my mind. I was so frustrated at that time that I ignored the joy and satisfaction wrestling had brought to me. Coach McDonald closed in. “Billy, look at me,” he said. “Pound for pound, you’re the strongest and most flexible (灵活的) kid on the team. That’s a winning combination. Master the techniques in practice, and victory will be yours, I promise.” I coughed and pulled my sweaty shirt off my chest. “When, Coach?” With a knowing look, Coach said, “Do you know how long it took me to win my first match?” He stood up straight, squinting (斜视) like he was recalling a tough time. “During my first year, I lost every match. I ended the season 0－11. I didn’t lose at all in the following two years, including two state championships. Billy, that can be you someday. But it’ll never happen if you quit.” In that silent moment, I felt a slight pain within me, but it was weak, not strong enough to change my mind. Coach cleared his throat, glancing at his watch. “Well, I’m hungry.” “And my mom’s here,” I said. Then I jumped into her car. 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 In the car, I told her I lost again and I was hesitating about quitting the team.__________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next day, I walked into the training field again.______ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] In the car, I told her I lost again and I was hesitating about quitting the team. Mom remained silent for a full minute, tightening her grip on the steering wheel. Finally, she spoke in a measured tone, “Billy, quitting is not a sign of weakness. Winning or losing doesn’t define you. What matters is whether you’re pursuing something that brings you joy.” Her words cleared up the self­-doubt that had clouded my judgement and reignited a spark of courage within me. I recalled why I had learned to wrestle in the first place. “Thanks, Mom. I know what I should do.” The next day, I walked into the training field again. Coach McDonald was already there.He smiled when he saw me with a knowing look. “Back for more, Billy?” he said, clapping me on the back. I nodded,making up my mind to give it another shot. As I tied my shoes and prepared for the practice, I felt a surge of determination washing over me. Maybe Coach was right. Maybe I do have what it takes to be a champion. And if not, at least I am pursuing something that brings me joy and a sense of purpose. $$