必修1 Unit 1 A new start-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版）

必修第一册 Unit 1 A new start 主题语境　学校生活 单元主题· 创意背记 ◆重点单词 五级词汇 author n．[C]作者,作家(writer) challenge n．[C]&[U]挑战,具有挑战性的事情;[C]质疑 vt.向……挑战;对……质疑 　face/meet the challenge面对挑战 　accept/take up the challenge接受挑战 gain vt.(使)获得,赢得,取得;增加 vt.& vi.获益 n．[C]好处;[C]&[U]增加 　gain (sth.) from (doing) sth.从(做)某事中获益 板块一　词句背诵 背诵默写本 　graduate vi.& vt.毕业(n.graduation);获得学位 n．[C]毕业生;学士学位获得者 graduate from毕业于…… improve vt.& vi.改善,改进,提高(n.improvement) moment n．[C]某一时刻;片刻,瞬间 　at the moment此刻,目前 　the moment (that)[引导时间状语从句,相当于as soon as]一……就…… pressure n．[U][可用复数](精神上的、外界施加的)压力 　put sb. under pressure使某人处于压力下 refer vi.& vt.参考,查阅(consult);提到;指的是(～to) view n．[C](一次)观看;风景,景色;观点(opinion);[U][单数]视野 vt.[正式用语]看,观看;看待(see) 　in my view在我看来 　from sb.’s point of view从某人的角度看 　in view of鉴于,考虑到 　view...as...把……看作…… 四级词汇 apply vi.申请;对……适用 vt.涂,敷;应用;使专注于(applicant, application) 　apply to a university向大学提出申请 　apply (to...) for a job(向……)申请工作 　apply to do sth.申请做某事 　apply sth. to把某物应用到…… 　apply oneself to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事 argue vi.争论,争辩;争吵(n.argument) vi.& vt.主张,认为,论证 　argue (with sb.) about/over sth.在某件事上(与某人)争论/争吵 argue for/against主张/反对 award n．[C]奖;奖赏;奖金;奖品;奖状 vt.授予;奖励;判给 　win/get/gain/obtain/receive an award获奖 　award sb. sth./award sth. to sb.授予某人某物 breathe vi.& vt.呼吸(n.breath) 　breathe in/out吸气/呼气 calm adj.(人)镇静的,沉着的;(天气)平静的;(海洋)风平浪静的 vt.& vi.(使)平静,(使)镇静 　calm down(使)平静下来,(使)镇静下来 campus n．[C]&[U](大学、学院的)校园,校区(on～) collection n．[C](一批)收藏品,收集物;[C]&[U]收集,采集(v.collect) confident adj.有信心的,自信的;[不用于名词前]确信的,有把握的(n.confidence)(～about) curious adj.好奇的(n.curiosity)(～about) description n．[C]&[U]描述,描写,叙述,形容(v.describe) exchange vt.交流(信息、想法等);交换;更换,兑换(change) 　exchange ideas/views交流思想/交换意见 explore vi.& vt.考察,探险;探索,探测 vt.探讨,探究(n.exploration) figure vt.[非正式用语]认为,以为,估计;(AmE)计算 vi.是重要部分,是……的部分 n．[C][常用复数]数字;(尤指女性的)体形/身材/身段;人物 　figure out弄清楚;计算出 forward(s) adv.向前(反backward/backwards);将来;提前 　look forward to (doing) sth.盼望/期待(做)某事 frightened adj.受惊的,害怕的(frighten, frightening) impression n．[C]印象,感想;感觉(impress,impressed,impressive) 　leave/make a deep impression on sb./leave sb. with a deep impression给某人留下深刻印象 opportunity n．[C]&[U]机会,时机(chance) (a) rare/golden/perfect opportunity难得的/绝佳的/理想的机会 　take/seize/use/provide/miss an opportunity (to do sth.) 把握/抓住/利用/提供/错失(做某事的)机会 organise vt.组织;安排(organised, organiser, organisation) particular adj.[只用于名词前]特别的,格外的;特定的,特指的 n．细节 　in particular尤其,特别 performance n．[C]&[U](工作或活动中的)表现;业绩;[C]表演,演出 rate vt.[不用于进行时]对……作评估,评价;给……划分等级(n.rating) n．[C]比率;速度;价格 schedule n．[C]&[U]日程安排;计划表,进度表,日程表;时刻表 vt.[常用于被动语态]安排;将……列入(正式目录、清单等中) 　ahead of/on/behind schedule提前/按时/落后 select vt.(经过认真思考而)挑选,选择,选拔(n.selection) 　select sb. to do sth.选择某人做某事 senior adj.(地位、水平或级别)高的,高级的;(学校)高年级的;较年长的(反junior) 　senior high (school)高中 sight n．[U]看到,看见;视力;视野;[C]景象;[复数]景点 　at the sight of一看见 　at first sight初看时,乍一看;初次见到 　come into sight进入视线,映入眼帘 　catch sight of看见,发现 specific adj.[常用于名词前]特定的;特有的;明确的,详细的;具体的 stage n．[C]舞台;时期,阶段 struggle vi.奋斗,拼搏;艰难地行进;斗争;(与某人)搏斗 n．[C]奋斗;难事;斗争 　struggle to do sth.努力去做某事 　struggle with/against与……斗争 　struggle for为争取……而斗争 　topic n．[C]话题,论题 a hot/sensitive topic热门/敏感话题 tradition n．[C]&[U]传统,风俗(traditional, traditionally) various adj.各种不同的,各种各样的(diverse/different) volunteer n．[C]志愿者,自愿参加者,义务工作者 vt.& vi.自愿做,无偿做;主动建议 三级词汇 band n．[C]乐队,乐团 debate n．[C]&[U]讨论,辩论;争论(～about/on/over) vi.& vt.(尤指正式)讨论,辩论 　a heated debate激烈的争论 drama n. [U]戏剧;[C]戏;剧;戏剧性情节 engine n．[C]发动机,引擎 facility n．[C][复数]设施,设备 former adj.[只用于名词前]从前的;(两者中)前者的 　the former... the latter...前者……后者…… intelligent adj.聪明的,有智慧的,有智力的(n.intelligence) panic n．[C]&[U]惊恐,惊慌 vi.& vt.(panicked, panicked, panicking)(使)恐慌 　in panic惊慌地 sharp adj.(感观)敏锐的,(人)聪明的(反dull/stupid);锋利的,尖的 二级词汇 committee n．[C]委员会 　class committee 班委会 eagerness n．[U]热切,渴望(adj.eager) 　in one’s eagerness to do sth.渴望做某事 gym n．[C]体育馆,健身房 inner adj.(想法或情感)未表达出来的,隐藏的,内心的;内部的 investigate vt.& vi.查明,调查;侦查;研究(n.investigation) journal n．[C]日记,日志 　journal entry日记 junior adj.低年级的 neat adj.好的,令人愉快的;整洁的 piano n．[C]钢琴 　play the piano弹钢琴 pm 下午 poster n．[C]海报;[熟词生义]发帖人 一级词汇 badminton n．[U]羽毛球 *butterfly n．[C]蝴蝶 dinosaur n．[C]恐龙 dolphin n．[C]海豚 *hint n. [C]有益的建议 insect n．[C]昆虫 memorise vt.记住,熟记(n.memory) *nudge n．[C](通常用肘)轻推 *orientation n．[U](新工作或学习课程开始前一段时间的)培训,迎新 Orientation Day 迎新日 rainbow n．[C]彩虹 skateboarding n．[U]滑板运动 subscribe vi.订阅(报纸或杂志)(～to) *photography n．摄影 ◆重点短语 1．one by one依次地,一个接一个地 2．butterflies in one’s stomach情绪紧张,心里发慌 3．in panic惊慌地 4．put...under pressure使……处于压力下 5．depend on依靠;依赖;取决于 6．make the most of充分利用 7．graduate from毕业于…… 8．be about to do sth.即将做某事 9．keep an open mind保持开放的心态 10．deal with处理 11．at the sight of...一看见…… 12．go all out全力以赴,竭尽全力 13．hold one’s head up高昂着头 14．in particular尤其,特别 15．give...a hand 帮助…… 16．refer to参考,查阅 17．look forward to (兴奋地)期待,盼望 ◆句式表达 1．句式：续写佳句之心理描写(in one’s eagerness to do) I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school.我早早醒来,带着想了解新学校的急切心情冲出家门。 2．句式：be doing...when... I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.我正在浏览公告栏上的图片,这时听见背后有人说话。 3．句式：感叹句型;be＋adj.＋to do How true these words were! When my English teacher stepped into the classroom, I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier.他的话真是太对了！当我的英语老师走进教室时,我惊奇地发现他就是我之前遇到的那个人。 4．句式：续写佳句之情绪描写(with复合结构) With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply.感到极度紧张,我深深地吸了口气。 5．句式：too...to... I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself! 我太紧张了,都没注意听老师做自我介绍！ 6．句式：as if引导表语从句 I feel as if high school was only yesterday！我感觉高中(生活)仿佛就在昨天！ 第一组　核心单词 1．cultural ______________文化传统 2．at this _________in time 此时此刻 3．face a __________面临挑战 4．under the _________of work 在工作的压力下 5．keep ________in an emergency 在紧急情况下保持镇静 6．a widespread _______广泛的争论 7．appear on ______登台 8．the main ______of conversation 交谈的主要话题 9．a girl of ________intelligence 聪颖的女孩 traditions moment challenge pressure calm debate stage topic sharp 板块二　默写练习 10．__________ organization 志愿者组织 11．_______ independence 获得独立 12．an ______for outstanding services 杰出服务奖 13．a once-in-a-lifetime ___________千载难逢的机会 14．disappear from ______看不见了 15．the _______world champion 前世界冠军 16．catch _____of a car in the distance 看见远处有一辆汽车 17．a leading _______in the music industry 一位音乐界的领军人物 18．a __________type of flower 某一特定品种的花 19．a really ______movie 一部极好的电影 volunteer gain award opportunity view former sight figure particular neat 20．a _______purpose 一个特定用途 21．a country ___________for independence 为独立而奋斗的国家 22．run ________to welcome her 跑向前去欢迎她 23．_________ standards 提高水平 24．be highly _____for its research 因其研究工作而受到高度评价 25．_________ ideas 交流思想 specific struggling forward improve rated exchange 第二组　拓展词汇 1．tradition n．传统→________ adj.传统的;惯例的 → _____________ adv.传统上,习惯上 2．eager adj.热切的,渴望的→___________ n．热切,渴望 3．organise v．组织→__________ n．组织→_________ adj.有组织的,有条理的 4．breath n．呼吸的空气→_______ v．呼吸→____________adj.气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气的 5．challenge n．挑战→____________ adj.具有挑战性的 traditional traditionally eagerness organisation organised breathe breathless challenging 6．press vt.压,按→________ n．压力 7．describe vt.描述,形容→___________ n．描述,描写,叙述,形容 8．confident adj.有信心的,自信的→_________ n．自信心,信任,信心 9．argue v．争论,争辩→__________ n．争论,争辩,辩论→_________ adj.可论证的,有论据的 pressure description confidence argument arguable 10．intelligent adj.有智慧的,聪明的→___________ n．智力,才智,智慧→__________ adv.有智慧地,聪明地 11．particular adj.特定的,特指的 n．细节→___________ adv.特别地 12．perform v．做,履行;表演→____________ n．表演者→_____________ n．(工作或活动中的)表现;表演 intelligence intelligently particularly performer performance ■利用语境串记单词 13．The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as ____________ books which students can ____________ to if necessary.(refer) 14．All the ____________ who want to ____________ for the job have handed in their letters of ____________．(apply) 15．When asked about his ____________ of Beijing,he said that he was deeply ____________ by its unique human landscape,and that the Palace Museum was the most ____________ architecture he'd ever seen.(impress) 16．When seeing the ____________ snake, the ____________ girl let out a scream and was too ____________ to move.(frighten) reference refer applicants apply application impression impressed impressive frightening frightened frightened 17．____________ of after­-class activities will be held, ____________ from the English corner to the Literature club. So we students can get ____________ experiences.(vary) 18．____________ to know what was inside, John stared at the bag lying beside the tree. Then he opened it out of ____________and looked into it ____________．(curious) 19．My brother is a ____________ in physics and he ____________ from Beijing University and has been working in a famous company since ____________．(graduate) Varieties varying various Curious curiosity curiously graduate graduated graduation 20．Many ____________ came here to ____________the mountain. Without doubt, it's worth the ____________．(explore) explorers explore exploration 第三组　重点短语 1．________________________ 情绪紧张,心里发慌 2．________________ 惊慌地 3．________________ 使……处于压力下 4．________________ 依靠,依赖;取决于 5．________________ 毕业于…… 6．___________________ 即将做某事 7．________________ 一看见…… 8．________________ 全力以赴,竭尽全力 butterflies in one’s stomach in panic put...under pressure depend on graduate from be about to do sth. at the sight of go all out 9．________________ 高昂着头 10．________________ 尤其,特别 11．________________ 查阅,参考 12．________________ 帮助…… hold one’s head up in particular refer to give...a hand ■根据语境完成句子 13．In my opinion, it is not the failure itself but the way we ______________________ (处理失败) that matters most in determining our success and growth. 14．This is my first trip abroad, so I'm going to ______________________________ (充分利用这次机会) to learn about different cultures and languages. deal with the failure make the most of this chance 15．______________________ (保持开放的心态), and you will find that there are endless possibilities and opportunities waiting for you to explore. 16．The students ____________________________________ (依次走进教室), each taking their seat quietly and preparing for the lesson to begin. 17．I'd appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.________________________________________ (我期待您的早日回复).(申请信) Keep an open mind walked into the classroom one by one I’m looking forward to your early reply 第四组　句式仿写 1．手里拿着罐子,我正匆忙上楼梯,突然我的一只光着的脚被楼梯绊住了。(动作描写) With the jar in my hands, I________________________________ one of my bare feet was caught on one stair.(be doing...when...) 2．我不知道为什么他一直看着我,就好像认识我一样,但这让我感到有点不舒服。(心理描写) I don't know why he keeps looking at me __________________, but it's making me feel a bit uncomfortable.(as if) was walking upstairs in a hurry when as if he knew me 3．我感觉到他的窘境变为了对我的信任,他的眼睛闪烁着决心和希望。(情绪描写) I sensed that his dilemma gave way to trust in me, ____________________________________________．(with 复合结构) with his eyes twinkling with determination and hope 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 巩固提升 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.curious adj.好奇的;稀奇古怪的,不寻常的→____________ adv.好奇地→____________ n．好奇心 (1)be curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth.渴望做某事 (2)out of curiosity 出于好奇 with curiosity好奇地 curiously curiosity ①(北师大必修三U9)When memorising detailed learning materials, we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious ____________ what we learn. ②She will be curious ____________ (know) how her old friend has been doing since they last met, so she plans to give him a call and catch up on all the latest news.(动作描写)   about to know 得到……消息 ③(译林选必三U2)It is in our nature to explore. From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our ____________ (curious) about the unknown has kept us adventuring into new places. ④波比一看到小狗就高兴地跳了起来。她低下头好奇地看着它。(动作描写) Poppy jumped with joy at the sight of the little dog. She _______________________________________________. curiosity lowered her head to watch it curiously/with curiosity 2.impression n．印象,感想→____________ v．使钦佩,使留下深刻的好印象;使意识到→____________ adj.令人钦佩的,给人深刻印象的 (1)leave/make a(n)...impression on/upon sb.给某人留下……的印象 (2)impress sth. on /upon sb.使某人意识到…… impress sth.on/upon sth.给……留下深刻印象;使铭记 be impressed by/at /with对……印象深刻 impress　 impressive ①(译林选必一U3)While it was hard to pick a favourite painting out of so many amazing works, the artists who made the deepest ____________ (impress) on me were two of the greatest Impressionist painters, Claude Monet and Pierre-­Auguste Renoir. ②(2024·全国甲卷)Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite ____________ (impress). ③On arriving at the teahouse, the foreign students ____________________ (对……印象深刻) the unique Chinese teapots and teacups.(报道) impression　 impressive were impressed by/at/with ④(人教选必一U5)袁隆平最让人印象深刻的是他不断实现梦想的能力。(人物介绍)________________________________ _______________ was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams. What impressed people most about Yuan Longping 3.argue v．争论,争辩;证明,表明→____________ n．争论,争吵;论据 (1)argue with sb. about/over sth.与某人争论某事 argue for/against sth.赞成/反对某事 argue sb. into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事 argue that... 主张/认为…… (2)have an argument with sb. about/over sth. 就某事与某人发生争吵/争论 beyond argument无可争论 argument ①(人教选必二U3)Put more simply, while people continue to argue ____________ whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer. ②(译林必修一U2)Heated ____________ (argue) and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents. over/about arguments ③(2022·全国乙卷)根据上面的图表, 65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲,而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语书籍提高他们的英语水平。(图表作文), Based on the graph above, 65% of the students__________________ ______________ while 18% of the students________________________ _____________________________ by reading English books. argue for listening to English songs　 argue that they can have their English level improved 4.apply v．申请;施加;专心于;应用,运用;涂,敷→____________ n．申请;应用→____________ n．申请人 apply (to...) for (向……)申请 apply to do sth.申请去做某事 apply to 适用于(to为介词) apply...to... 把……运用于…… apply oneself to 致力于,专心致志于(to为介词) application　 applicant ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile ____________ (apply). ②(2023·全国乙卷)There has been a rise in the number of students applying ____________ food courses at UK universities and colleges. ③Knowing a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next month, I am writing to apply ____________ (become) a volunteer.(申请信) application for to become　 ④If you apply yourself to ____________ (recite) some Tang poems,you'll understand Chinese better and better.(建议信) →_______________________________________________, you'll understand Chinese better and better. (现在分词短语作状语) reciting　 Applying yourself to reciting some Tang poems 5.exchange v．交流(信息、想法等) n．交换,交流 (1)exchange...for... 用……交换…… (2)in exchange for 作为……的交换 make an exchange 交换 (3)an exchange student 交换生 ①It was through the cultural exchange activity that we exchanged views _______each other on cultural shock． ②When I was in London as a volunteer, I taught Henry Chinese ___________________________________(作为他教我英语的交换), which was a great way for both of us to enhance our language skills. 文化冲击 with in exchange for his teaching me English ③我真诚地邀请所有的交换生参加这个俱乐部,此俱乐部将组织各种各样的活动,如听讲座和练习中国书法。 (邀请信) ________________________________________________,which will organise various activities,such as listening to lectures and practicing Chinese calligraphy. I sincerely invite all the exchange students to join the club 6.refer to 参考,查阅;指的是;提及;涉及→__________ n．提及,谈到;参考,查阅 reference (1)refer to...as...把……称作…… refer...to...把……提交给…… (2)with/in reference to (所述内容)关于 reference book参考书；工具书　 ①写出句中黑体部分的含义 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)First, a girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. ______ ②(人教必修二U4)People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often referred to ____Britain or Great Britain. ③(译林选必四U4)As soon as I received the next assignment, I headed straight for the library to find the ________(refer) books I needed for my research. 指的是 as reference ④关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人,我写信寻求你的建议。(求助信) I am writing to ask for your advice___________________________ ______________________________________________________．   in/with reference to what kinds of traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most 7.look forward to (兴奋地)期待,盼望 含有介词to的短语还有： apply oneself to 专心致志于 be used/accustomed to 习惯于 object to/be opposed to 反对 pay attention to 注意 devote oneself to/be devoted to... 致力于…… get/settle down to开始认真做…… ①(2024·全国甲卷)We look forward to ____________(welcome) you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. ②We were very excited when hearing that the holiday we had been looking forward to _______(come) at last.(情绪描写) v.展示(优点) welcoming came ③我坚信我的建议对你会有很大的帮助。我期待着尽快收到你的来信。(建议信) I hold the firm belief that my suggestions will be of great help to you. ______________________________________________________． I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible 8.be doing...when...“正在做……这时(突然)……”(when为并列连词) [教材原句]　I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.我正在浏览公告栏上的图片,这时听见背后有人说话。 when作为并列连词时,还可用于以下句型： (1)be about to do...when...正要做……这时(突然)…… (2)be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时(突然)…… (3)had just done...when...刚做完……这时(突然)……　　　　　　 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)I _____________(stand) by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering.　　 ②Mother had just woken up ______she smelt an inviting smell of food coming from the kitchen, realizing that breakfast was already prepared. adj.吸引人的;诱人的 was standing when ③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)当我正要放弃的时候,冈特掏出了他的小手机,给一个朋友打了电话。(动作描写),when作为并列连词时,还可用于以下句型： 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　→________________________________________, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. →________________________________________, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. 掏出 When I was about to give up When I was on the point of giving up 9.with＋宾语＋宾语补足语 [教材原句]　With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply.感到极度紧张,我深深地吸了口气。 with复合结构常作状语和定语,其结构为： (1)with＋宾语＋doing (表示主动或正在进行的动作) (2)with＋宾语＋done (表示被动或已完成的动作) (3)with＋宾语＋to do (表示将来的动作) (4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词 ①(译林必修三U3)The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient, with all sorts of goods and services ____________ (provide) by electronic commerce, more commonly known as e­commerce. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ②(译林选必三U1)One truly unique scenic spot in Canada is the mighty Niagara Falls with water ____________ (rush) over its edge in a splendid display of sights and sounds. 　风景区 provided rushing ③With an important class meeting ____________ (attend), I can't accompany you to the bookstore this afternoon. I'm sorry for the inconvenience this may cause you. (道歉信) ④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)冈特把出租车停在公共汽车后面,转过身来,脸上挂着大大的笑容看着我。 (情感描写) Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and__________ ____________________________. to attend looked at me with a big smile on his face Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1．(2024·全国甲卷)Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was ____________ (curiosity) and planned a special one-­day trip there with a friend of mine. 2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute ____________ (tradition) farms and the surrounding environment. 3．(2024·浙江1月卷)This experience gave her a new sense of ____________ (confident) in her abilities and laid a solid foundation for her to face other challenges in the future. curious traditional confidence 4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,including a detailed ____________ (explore) of what it asks and why it works,and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. 5．(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation and cultural ____________ (exchange). 6．(2022·全国乙卷)Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, ____________ (depend) on the sugar content. exploration exchanges depending 7．(译林选必二U4)From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots, from recommendation systems to computers writing novels, AI has an unlimited number of ____________ (apply). 8．When a disagreement happens, the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated ____________ (argue). 9．(译林选必二U1)Slogans use simple but __________ (impress) language to make us remember the product or service being advertised. 10．(人教必修一U2)My dad and I are both looking forward to ____________ (go) to the Shaanxi History Museum, because my dad loves history and I have heard that this museum is known as a “Chinese treasure house”! applications argument impressive going Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1．随着越来越多的森林被破坏,一些动植物正面临灭绝的危险。(with复合结构) ________________________________, some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out. 2．一到家,杰克惊讶地发现他家的门开着,一种莫名的不安感向他袭来。(be＋adj.＋to do) On arriving home, Jack______________________________________ ______ and a strange sense of unease crept over him. (情绪描写) With more and more forests damaged was surprised to find the door of his house open 3．我正在公园里散步,突然听到附近的凉亭里传来一段美妙的歌声。(be doing...when) I __________________________________________ I suddenly heard a beautiful song coming from the nearby pavilion. (场景描写) was taking a walk in the park when 4．每次一想到即将到来的英语考试,我就会感到既紧张又兴奋,心里七上八下的。 Every time I think about the coming English test, I________________ __________________, feeling both nervous and excited at the same time. (情绪描写) 5．如果你想学好英语,充分利用学校图书馆对你来说是很重要的。 It is important for you to ____________________________________ if you want to learn English well. (建议信) get butterflies in my stomach make the most of the school library Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. ____________ A．申请　　　　B．用手压　　　　C．运用；应用 2．As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ____________ A．增加 B．(从……中)受益,获益 C．获得；赢得 A C (1)I got a seat opposite a middle-­aged man with sharp eyes,who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap. ____________ (2)There has been a sharp decline in the death rate because of the advanced technology. ____________ A．adj.急剧的　 B．adj.敏锐的　 C．adj.锋利的　 D.adv.……整　 E．adj.急转的;陡的　 F．adj.语言尖锐的;尖刻的 3．sharp B A (3)I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left. ____________ (4)The volunteers will gather at the school gate at 8：00 sharp this morning.____________ (5)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was cutting potatoes. ____________ A．adj.急剧的　 B．adj.敏锐的　 C．adj.锋利的　 D.adv.……整　 E．adj.急转的;陡的　 F．adj.语言尖锐的;尖刻的 3．sharp E D C A．adj.急剧的　 B．adj.敏锐的　 C．adj.锋利的　 D.adv.……整　 E．adj.急转的;陡的　 F．adj.语言尖锐的;尖刻的 3．sharp F (6)(2023·全国甲卷)The Socrates Express is a fun,sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire,loneliness and aging. _____ (1)A British woman who won a $1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools. ____________ (2)I saw a figure approaching in the darkness and I got into a panic. ____________ A． n.身材,体形　 B．n.人物　 C．n.数字　 D．n.人影　 E．vt.计算　 F．vt.认为 4．figure B　 D　 4．figure (3)(2022·全国乙卷)Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. ____________ (4)(2024·浙江1月卷)When Coach Pitt blew his whistle (哨子), Eva figured she would be left in the dust. ____________ C F A． n.身材,体形　 B．n.人物　 C．n.数字　 D．n.人影　 E．vt.计算　 F．vt.认为 4．figure (5)I wonder whether you have figured out how much the trip will cost. ____________ (6)She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. ____________ 　E　 A A． n.身材,体形　 B．n.人物　 C．n.数字　 D．n.人影　 E．vt.计算　 F．vt.认为 培优2　单元话题写作——学校生活 根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 The first week of senior high has been quite exciting, and there are some things in particular 1._______________________________ _______ (给我留下深刻印象). In the first English class we were asked to give a short speech about the first day at senior high. As I was very nervous (用with复合结构及比喻修辞升级本句：2._____________________________________________________) , that have left/made a deep impression on me With butterflies in my stomach 3.________________________________________________ [我正偷偷地希望没有人将会注意到我,这时……(be doing...when句式)] I heard my name called. I stood up, blushing, with nothing coming out of my mouth. “Don't be shy! Imagine we are all pumpkins if it helps.” The teacher's words 4.______________________ (帮了我一个忙). Despite my trembling voice, I gave my first ever public speech in English. After school that day, I planned to try my best (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：5.________________) to practise my English and I joined the English Club. I am looking forward to 6.________________________________________ (充分利用所有机会) to perfect my senior high life! I was secretly hoping that nobody would notice me when gave me a hand go all out　 making the most of all the opportunities 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　eagerness, butterflies in one’s stomach, in panic, pressure, frightened, inner [人物描写]　calm, curious, confident [动作描写]　explore, go all out, struggle, breathe, look forward to, exchange 美句 1.I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school.(动作链描写) 2．When my English teacher stepped into the classroom,I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier.(情感描写) 3．I tried to turn on my brain but the engine just wouldn’t start.(拟物手法) 4．With butterflies in my stomach,I breathed deeply.(情感描写) 5．I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself!(情感描写) 6．So,give your friends a hand when they need it.And this will make you feel good,too.(主旨升华) Step 2　语料运用　【意想不到的合作伙伴】 在等待结果时,我承受着巨大的压力。我非常害怕以致喉咙发紧,膝盖发软。我心里发慌,深深地吸了一口气。 While waiting for the result,I was 1.________________________. I 2.___________________________ _____________________________ (so...that...).3.____________________________ (with复合结构), I took a deep breath. under great pressure　 was so frightened that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak With butterflies in my stomach 我试着让自己冷静下来。但我很想知道谁会是我的合作伙伴。在我听到宣布结果的那一刻,我陷入了一种尴尬的境地。我的合作伙伴恰恰是我们班里我想逃避的那个人。 I tried to 4._____________________. But I 5.________________________ ______________________________(宾语从句). The moment I heard the announcement,I got into an awkward situation. My partner was just the guy in my class who I wanted to avoid. calm myself down was curious to know who would be my partner 【情感细节描写：恐惧与惊恐(一)】 语料积累 单词 afraid, alarmed, scared, scary, frightened, frightening, fearful, panicky, terrified, terrifying, fear, scare, fright, frighten, terror 词块 shake/tremble with fear/terror 吓得发抖; scare/frighten...to death 把……吓死; freeze/be frozen with fear 吓呆; stand rooted to the spot with fear 吓得呆若木鸡; be seized with panic 惊慌失措; be dead with fright 吓得要死 句型 All students were waiting for their first examination results anxiously, being on pins and needles.(比喻) 所有学生都焦急地等待着他们第一次考试的结果,如坐针毡。 A burst of horror held me entirely in its power, and I was unable to move an inch.(无生命名词作主语) 我吓呆了,不敢动弹。 Beside me was my wife, who was rooted to the ground, frozen with fear.(短语) 我的妻子在我旁边,她被吓呆了,一动不动。 句型 Her stomach was gripped with anxiety, like a volcano erupting inside her.(比喻句) 她的胃因为焦虑而痉挛,就像一座火山在她体内喷发一样。 Extremely frightened, I felt my legs trembling and my palms sweating.(形容词作状语) 我惊恐不已,觉得两腿发抖,手心冒汗。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A (2025·贵州贵阳适应性考试)Djukic is a biology and chemistry student.She never thought that one day she would be in a classroom where an English teacher asked her to play a board game in order to learn about climate change. Debra Rosenthal is the professor of the class.At first,Djukic said she was uncertain about Rosenthal’s board game idea.“I was just like：‘This is interesting,but how much are we actually going to take away from it?’” Rosenthal thought her students would gain a greater understanding of how their own ideas and experiences affected climate change.Students do not compete against each other.They work together to choose the best plan of action.The game is different from board games such as Monopoly,where the goal is to win.Rosenthal said she hoped the games would give students a chance to talk about climate change in a new way. “Playing the games is a way to be social,to engage in conversation.There has to be a lot of energy around the table.It’s very collaborative.And in the game that I chose to play,they really were able to work together and try to come up with a solution so that the planet was not destroyed.” During the class,she said,students laughed,disagreed and had to call for votes as a way to decide how to move forward in the game.Djukic said it was a way to have fun...while they were also learning about such a serious subject. The games are global,Djukic said.That is because she and her classmates said they were able to see how one player’s decision about agriculture affected another player on the other side of the world. She said the games showed her that in the game of climate change and the climate crisis,no individual wins.“It’s either we all suffer from this,or we all somehow collaborate to work our way out of this and turn the clock back on climate change.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。英语老师Debra Rosenthal在自己的课堂上通过棋盘游戏让学生了解气候变化。 1 2 3 4 1．What is the purpose of Rosenthal’s class arrangement?(　　) A．To inspire the competition among students. B．To entertain students with the board game. C．To stress the damage caused by climate change. D．To encourage students’ viewpoints about climate change. D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Rosenthal thought her students...how their own ideas and experiences affected climate change.”和该段最后一句可知,Rosenthal认为她的学生会更好地理解他们自己的想法和经历会如何影响气候变化,并希望游戏能给学生一个机会来以一种新方式讨论气候变化。由此可知,Rosenthal那样安排课堂是因为她想要鼓励学生形成对气候变化的观点。故D项正确。 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2．Which word best describes the board game according to paragraph 4?(　　) A．Cooperative.　　　　 B．Competitive. C．Creative. D．Exclusive. A 解析：推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“a way to be social,to engage in conversation...to work together and try to come up with a solution”可知,在棋盘游戏中,学生相互之间可以交流合作,一起努力想出解决方案。故A项正确。 1 2 3 4 3．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?(　　) A．Agriculture is of vital importance to the world. B．The world is a community of a shared future. C．A man with a strong will can conquer nature. D．Climate change is a tough problem to solve. B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The games are global”和最后一段中的“It’s either we all suffer from this,or we all somehow collaborate to work our way out of this”可知,在气候变化这个全球性问题上,我们要么都遭受痛苦,要么以某种方式合作想出解决办法。也就是说,人类的命运是紧密相连的,我们有共同的未来。故B项正确。 1 2 3 4 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?(　　) A．Climate Change Calls for Teamwork B．Climate Change Leads to the Global Impact C．A Board Game Helps Students Understand Climate Issues D．A Good Teacher Gives Students Lifelong Benefits C 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“an English teacher asked her to play a board game in order to learn about climate change”和下文中的内容可知,本文主要讲述了一个英语老师在课堂上通过棋盘游戏让学生了解气候变化。故C项“棋盘游戏帮助学生理解气候问题”最适合作本文的标题。 B (2024·湖北省重点中学联考)You can’t see it,smell it,or hear it,and people disagree on how to define it precisely,or where exactly it comes from.It isn’t a school subject or an academic discipline,but it can be learned.It is a quality that is required of artists,but it is also present in the lives of scientists and entrepreneurs.All of us benefit from it and we succeed mentally and spiritually when we are able to handle it.It is a delicate thing,easily wiped out; in fact,it blossoms most fully when people are playful and childlike.Meanwhile,it works best in meeting with deep knowledge and expertise. This mysterious—but teachable—quality is creativity,the subject of a recently-published report by Durham Commission on Creativity and Education.The report concludes that creativity should not exist in the school curriculum only as it relates to drama,music,art and other obviously creative subjects; but that creative thinking ought to run through all of school life,infusing (全面影响) the way humanities and natural sciences are learned. Nevertheless,it is arts subjects through which creativity can most obviously be promoted.The value placed on them by the independent education is clear.One only has to look at the remarkable arts facilities at Britain’s top private schools to understand this.But in the state education the extreme focus on English,maths and science threatens to destroy arts subjects; meanwhile,reduced school budgets mean decreasing extracurricular activities. This difference between state and private education is a matter of social justice.It is simply wrong and unfair that most children have a small part of the access to choirs,art studios and drama that their more privileged peers enjoy.As lives are affected by any number of threatening challenges—climate crisis,automation in the workplace—humans are going to need creative thinking more than ever.For all of our sakes,creativity in education,and for all,must become a priority. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。创造性思维应该贯穿于学校生活的各个方面,融入人文学科和自然学科的学习方式,而且通过艺术科目可以最明显地促进创造力。为了所有人的利益,教育中的创造力必须成为优先事项。 5 6 7 8 5．What is the primary function of the first paragraph in the text?(　　) A．It offers a historical overview of creative thinking. B．It introduces the precise definition and benefits of creativity. C．It guides readers onto the topic of creativity in education. D．It provides evidence for the importance of science education. C 解析：推理判断题。第二段第一句“This mysterious—but teachable—quality is creativity”是解题的关键,该句话起到承上启下的作用,意为“这种神秘但可教的品质就是创造力”,下文都在围绕学校开展创造性思维这一话题展开讨论。由此可知,第一段的作用是引导读者进入教育中的创造力这一话题。故选C。 5 6 7 8 6．What is the conclusion of a recently-published report?(　　) A．Natural sciences should be learned the way humanities courses are. B．Growth of creativity should run through the entire school curriculum. C．Art courses should be made required for all students. D.Students should learn more obviously creative subjects. B 解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“The report concludes that creativity...the way humanities and natural sciences are learned.”可知,报告结论显示：创造力不能因为与戏剧、音乐、艺术和其他明显具有创造性的科目有关而仅仅存在于学校课程中;而是这种创造性思维应该贯穿于学校生活的各个方面,融入人文学科和自然学科的学习方式。由此可知,该份报告的结论是创造力的培养应该贯穿于整个学校课程。故选B。 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 7．What do we learn about the private schools in the UK?(　　) A．They encourage extracurricular activities. B．They attach great importance to arts education. C．They prioritize arts subjects over maths and science. D.They meet the needs of students from different family backgrounds. B 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。 根据第三段中的“Nevertheless,it is arts subjects...at Britain’s top private schools to understand this.”可知,通过艺术科目可以最明显地促进创造力,独立教育对它们的重视是显而易见的,只要看看英国顶尖私立学校卓越的艺术设施就能明白这一点。由此可推知,英国的私立学校非常重视艺术教育。故选B。 5 6 7 8 8．What should be done to meet the future challenges?(　　) A．Increasing government investment in school education. B.Narrowing the existing gap between the rich and the poor. C．Providing all children with equal access to arts education. D．Focusing on meeting the needs of underprivileged students. C 解析：细节理解题。 最后一段提到公立教育和私立教育的不平等导致大多数孩子很少参与艺术活动,而未来生活会受到气候危机和工作场所自动化等一系列的挑战,因此人类将比以往任何时候都更需要创造性思维。由此可知,为了迎接未来的挑战,学校应为所有孩子提供接受艺术教育的平等机会。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分) (2024·广西南宁摸底测试)At the school Art Festival,I was asked to design the costumes for three school plays.Everyone was 1 to see the actors wear my costumes on stage.This experience has made me realize that I am really good at 2 and have a talent for fashion design,which has inspired me to 3 fashion design as my job.That way,I can 4 work with my interests and strengths.To find out how to 5 the field of fashion design,I did some 6 about what kind of education and skills I might need.I 7 that many premier fashion designers studied at fashion design institutes in London,Paris or Milan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 I also keep a(n) 8 on job ads for the fashion industry to see what abilities or 9 designers should have. After much thought,I decided to 10 these skills and get the right qualifications by studying art at university.While I am there,I would like to work part-time for a fashion design company in order to 11 from other designers.Actually I don’t have to wait until I go to university to swing into 12 as there will be a workshop in my city next month which I am hoping to 13 ． After graduation,I will 14 a job as a fashion designer.One day,I hope to start my own 15 company. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在学校的艺术节帮助设计服装之后,发现自己在服装设计方面很有才华。于是,作者决定将来从事服装设计工作。作者为此做了不少研究,还设想好了自己大学要学艺术专业,并打算在大学时期去做服装设计方面的兼职以获取经验。 1．A.determined　　　　 B．amazed C．awkward D．expected 答案：B 解析：根据下文中的“This experience has made me realize that I am really good at 2 and have a talent for fashion design”可知,作者在服装设计上颇有才华,据此可以推测,看着演员穿着作者设计的服装登台,每个人都非常惊讶 (amazed)。determined“下定决心的,坚定的”;awkward“令人尴尬的,使人难堪的”;expected“预料的,预期的”。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 2．A.drawing B．acting C．Sculpture D．communication 答案：A 解析：根据第1题的解析可知,作者在服装设计上颇有才华。由此可见,作者在绘画(drawing)上比较擅长。acting“表演”;sculpture“雕塑术,雕刻术”;communication“交流,沟通”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 3．A.challenge B．admire C．Pursue D．aid 答案：C 解析：根据上文可知,艺术节设计服装收到的积极反馈激励作者追求(pursue)服装设计作为自己的工作。challenge“挑战”;admire“钦佩,赞赏,仰慕”;aid“帮助,援助”。 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1 显示原文 2 4．A.provide B．compare C．Create D．combine 答案：D 显示原文 解析：根据上文可知,作者擅长绘画,如果作者选择服装设计作为职业的话,就可以将工作与兴趣和特长结合(combine)起来了。provide“提供”;compare“比较”;create“创造”。 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1 2 5．A.get into B．get through C．get over D．get from 答案：A 解析：根据下文中的“what kind of education and skills I might need”可知,作者是为了弄清楚如何进入(get into)服装设计领域。get through“完成;熬过;使……理解”;get over “克服,恢复”;get from“从……中得到”。 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1 显示原文 2 6．A.training B．research C．quizzes D．schedules 答案：B 解析：根据第5题的解析可知,作者为了弄清楚如何进入服装设计领域,特意去研究(research)了自己需要什么教育和技能。quiz“小测验”;schedule“计划(表),进度表;时间表”。 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1 显示原文 2 7．A.checked B．persuaded C．recognized D．forecasted 答案：C 解析：根据上文可知,作者做了一些研究,据此可以推断,作者在研究中意识到(recognized)许多顶级时装设计师在伦敦、巴黎或米兰的时装设计机构学习过。check“检查”;persuade“说服,劝服;使相信”;forecast“预测,预报”。 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1 显示原文 2 8．A.head B．eye C．back D．foot 答案：B 解析：根据下文中的“to see what abilities or 9 designers should have”可知,作者还关注(keep an eye on)时装行业的招聘广告。 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1 显示原文 2 9．A.flexibility B．standards C．drawbacks D．qualities 答案：D 解析：根据常识可知,招聘广告上会有对应聘者能力、特长、素质(quality)等的要求。flexibility“灵活性;弹性,柔性”;standard“标准,水平,规范”;drawback“缺点,不利条件”。 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1 显示原文 2 10．A.apply B．demonstrate C．improve D．acquire 答案：D 解析：空处与下文中的“get the right qualifications”并列。据此可以推断,作者决定学会(acquire)这些技能并获得相关资质。apply“申请;涂;应用”;demonstrate“证明;示范,演示”;acquire“(通过努力、能力、行为表现)获得,得到”。 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1 显示原文 2 11．A.learn B．result C．benefit D．obtain 答案：A 解析：作者希望自己学会相应技能,想在大学时期去做兼职,从而能够向别的时装设计师学习(learn)。learn from“向……学习”;result from“由……引起”;benefit from“从……中受益”;obtain...from“从……中得到……”。 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1 显示原文 2 12．A.motion B．action C．positions D．operation 答案：B 解析：根据下文中的“as there will be a workshop in my city next month”可知,作者没有必要等到上了大学再付诸行动(action)。motion“运动,移动,动”;position“位置,地点”;operation“运作,实施;运转,操作;手术”。 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1 显示原文 2 13．A.attend B．equip C．design D．organize 答案：A 解析：根据上文中的“I don’t have to wait until I go to university”可知,作者决定不再等待。因此,作者希望参加(attend)本市下个月举办的研讨班。equip“装备,配备”。 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1 显示原文 2 14．A.conduct B．submit C．land D．perform 答案：C 解析：结合上文可知,作者希望将来从事服装设计工作。因此,毕业后,作者希望自己能够找到(land)服装设计师的工作。此处land作动词,意为“成功得到,赢得,捞到(尤指许多人想得到的工作)”,属于熟词生义的用法。conduct“实施,进行;指挥;带领”;submit“呈递,提交;屈服”;perform“表演;执行”。 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1 显示原文 2 15．A.accounting B．consulting C．cleaning D．clothing 答案：D 解析：作者希望毕业后成为一名服装设计师,结合选项可知,作者希望将来有一天能够开办的是服装(clothing)公司。accounting“会计,会计学”;consulting“咨询业,顾问业”。 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 2 二次精读——溯原文,积语料,提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.4：collaborative adj.合作的,协作的 核心短语 Para.4：engage (sb.) in sth.(使)从事,参加 长难句 分析 That is because she and her classmates said they were able to see how one player’s decision about agriculture affected another player on the other side of the world.(Para.6) 长难句 分析 分析：because 引导表语从句,从句中they were able...the world为省略引导词that的宾语从句,作said的宾语;该宾语从句中又包含how引导的宾语从句,作see的宾语。 译文：这是因为她和她的同学们说,他们能够看到一个玩家关于农业的决定是如何影响世界另一端的另一个玩家的。 B篇 核心单词 Para.1：blossom v．成功发展,开花 Para.3：remarkable adj.非凡的,奇异的;显著的;引人注目的 派生词汇 Para.1：disagree v．不同意,持不同意见,有分歧→agree v．同意,赞成 precisely adv.准确地;恰好地→precise adj.准确的;确切的;精确的;明确的 Para.2：teachable adj.可教的,能学的,善学的;适于教学的;可传授的→teach v．教,讲授,教授→teacher n．教师,老师,教员 creativity n．创造性,创造力→creative adj.有创造性的,创作的→create v．创造,创作,创建→creation n．创造,创建 派生词汇 Para.4：privileged adj.有特权的,受特别优待的→privilege n．特殊利益,优惠待遇;特权;荣幸,荣耀,光荣 核心短语 Para.1：benefit from从……中受益,受益于 wipe sb./sth.out彻底消灭,全部摧毁 Para.2：relate to与……有关;涉及;谈到 $$