高频话题10 自然灾害（同步写作讲义）英语高一通用版

高频话题10-自然灾害 话题 真题展示 高考链接 邮件 2023高二下·陕西·学业考试 要求学生能够准确、清晰地将报告会的相关信息告知他人，体现了英语在实际生活中的应用价值。以校园内举办安全报告会为背景，贴近学生的日常生活，使学生能够结合自身经历和常识进行写作，增强学生对英语实用性的认知。 Use what you have learnt to write an English email. 假如你是李华，南京大学的灾难专家陈教授将于本周六上午9点在你们学校阶梯教室举办一个安全报告会，你用英语给你的美籍同学Mary发一封email，通知她去听报告。 内容包括： 1.报告内容：如何预防龙卷风(tornadoes)、飓风(hurricanes)等灾害，以及遇到灾害时如何保护自己； 2.注意事项：如按时参加、认真听讲做记录、举手或递纸条询问等。 一、紧扣题目核心，明确写作方向 高考自然灾害类英语应用文的题目核心通常围绕自然灾害相关内容，如某种具体灾害（地震、洪水、台风等）的应对、预防，或者是对受灾地区的援助倡议、报道等。此类题目可能涵盖多种应用文文体，不同文体决定写作风格与结构。若是书信（如给受灾地区朋友写信安慰并提供应对建议），开头要表明身份与写信目的；若是新闻报道（报道某自然灾害事件），则要遵循新闻报道格式，标题简洁概括事件，开头（导语）点明关键信息，如时间、地点、事件等，主体部分详细叙述事件经过、影响及各方应对措施。 二、解析内容要求，确定写作重点 仔细研读题目，明确给定的具体要点。若要求描述自然灾害的影响并提出预防措施，那么 “灾害影响” 和 “预防措施” 就是写作重点。为使文章内容丰富且有说服力，要结合实际生活经验与所学的自然灾害相关知识。自然灾害类写作往往需要表达对受灾群众的同情、关心，以及对战胜灾害的信心等情感态度，传递积极向上的价值观，体现人文关怀。此外，还可以强调全球合作应对自然灾害的重要性，展现考生的全球视野和责任感。 段落 内容 句子设计 第一段 写作目的+表达同情 Dear xx, I hope this letter finds you as well as possible under the circumstances. I was deeply saddened to hear about the disaster that struck your area. I'm writing to express my heartfelt concern and to offer some practical suggestions to help you deal with the aftermath of the disaster. 第二段 灾害影响+应对措施+注意事项 I can only imagine how difficult and terrifying this time must be for you and your community. The disaster has undoubtedly brought great pain and loss. The disaster usually causes significant damage to buildings, leaving many people homeless. It may also disrupt transportation, power supply, and communication systems. For dealing with disaster, you can first make sure to have an emergency kit ready, including food, water, first - aid supplies, and a flashlight. If possible, learn some basic first - aid skills to help those in need. 第三段 关心鼓励+祝愿 Please know that you are not alone in this. We are all here to support you. I have full confidence that you and your community will bounce back from this adversity. May you stay safe and strong. I'm looking forward to hearing good news from you soon. 【必备词块】 4 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、自然灾害类型 typhoon 台风 hurricane 飓风 tornado 龙卷风 cyclone 气旋 thunderstorm 雷暴 drought 干旱 flood 洪水 blizzard 暴风雪 hail 冰雹 earthquake 地震 landslide 山体滑坡 mudslide 泥石流 volcanic eruption 火山喷发 wildfire 野火 tsunami 海啸 二、灾害相关影响 casualty 伤亡人员 injured people 受伤人员 homeless people 无家可归者 loss of life 生命损失 psychological trauma 心理创伤 property damage 财产损失 destruction of buildings 建筑物毁坏 collapse of houses 房屋倒塌 damage to infrastructure 基础设施损坏 disruption of transportation 交通中断 power outage 停电 water supply interruption 供水中断 environmental damage 环境破坏 ecological imbalance 生态失衡 destruction of habitats 栖息地破坏 soil erosion 土壤侵蚀 water pollution 水污染 三、灾害预防与应对 disaster prevention 灾害预防 early warning system 预警系统 build flood - control dams 修建防洪堤坝 reinforce buildings 加固建筑物 plant trees to prevent landslides 植树预防山体滑坡 drought - resistant crops 抗旱作物 emergency response 应急响应 carry out rescue work 开展救援工作 provide relief supplies 提供救援物资 evacuate residents 疏散居民 set up temporary shelters 搭建临时避难所 first - aid treatment 急救治疗 conduct search and rescue operations 进行搜救行动 四、相关组织与人员 Red Cross 红十字会 emergency management department 应急管理部门 United Nations Disaster Relief Organization 联合国救灾组织 rescue workers 救援人员 volunteers 志愿者 medical team 医疗队 disaster experts 灾害专家 五、情感与态度表达 show sympathy for 对…… 表示同情 express concern about 对…… 表示关心 feel sorry for 为…… 感到难过 cheer up 振作起来 stay strong 保持坚强 offer support to 向…… 提供支持 stand by 支持；袖手旁观（根据语境选择合适含义） have hope for 对…… 抱有希望 be confident that 有信心…… look forward to recovery 期待恢复 【必备句式】 一、描述自然灾害发生 必备句子 A powerful earthquake struck the city last night, causing great panic among the residents. 昨晚一场强烈的地震袭击了这座城市，在居民中引发了极大的恐慌。 Heavy rainfall over the past few days has led to a severe flood in the area. 过去几天的暴雨导致该地区发生了严重的洪水。 A wildfire broke out in the forest due to extremely dry weather and human negligence. 由于天气极度干燥和人为疏忽，森林里爆发了一场野火。 高分句型 It was precisely at [具体时间] that a [灾害类型] of unprecedented magnitude hit [地点], unleashing its destructive force upon everything in its path. 就在 [具体时间]，一场规模空前的 [灾害类型] 袭击了 [地点]，将破坏力施加于沿途的一切。（强调句型，突出灾害发生的时间和严重性） Triggered by [引发原因], a [灾害类型] unexpectedly descended upon [地点], catching the local population off - guard. 由 [引发原因] 引发，一场 [灾害类型] 出人意料地降临到 [地点]，让当地居民猝不及防。 二、阐述灾害影响 必备句子 The typhoon left a trail of destruction, with many houses damaged and trees uprooted. 台风过后一片狼藉，许多房屋受损，树木被连根拔起。 The earthquake resulted in a large number of casualties and significant property damage. 地震造成了大量人员伤亡和重大财产损失。 The drought has severely affected agricultural production, leading to a shortage of food supplies. 干旱严重影响了农业生产，导致粮食供应短缺。 高分句型 Not only did the [灾害类型] cause extensive damage to infrastructure, but it also inflicted profound psychological trauma on the survivors. [灾害类型] 不仅对基础设施造成了广泛破坏，还对幸存者造成了深刻的心理创伤。 The aftermath of the [灾害类型] was nothing short of a catastrophe, with countless lives disrupted, homes reduced to rubble, and the local economy in shambles. [灾害类型] 的后果简直就是一场灾难，无数人的生活被打乱，家园沦为废墟，当地经济陷入混乱。（with 复合结构，生动描绘灾害后果的惨状） 三、说明预防措施 必备句子 We should build earthquake - resistant buildings to reduce the damage caused by earthquakes. 我们应该建造抗震建筑，以减少地震造成的破坏。 Planting more trees can help prevent soil erosion and reduce the risk of landslides. 种植更多的树木有助于防止水土流失，降低山体滑坡的风险。 The government has established an early warning system to alert people in advance of approaching typhoons. 政府已经建立了预警系统，在台风来临前提前通知民众。 高分句型 By implementing a series of preventive measures, such as strengthening coastal defenses and improving drainage systems, we can effectively mitigate the impact of floods. 通过实施一系列预防措施，如加强海防和改善排水系统，我们能够有效地减轻洪水的影响。（by + doing 结构作方式状语，清晰表明预防手段） It is of utmost importance that we incorporate disaster - prevention education into the school curriculum, thereby cultivating students' awareness of self - protection in the face of natural disasters. 我们将灾害预防教育纳入学校课程至关重要，从而培养学生在面对自然灾害时的自我保护意识。（it is of + 名词 + that 从句，提升句子的正式性和强调程度） 四、描述应对行动 必备句子 Rescue workers are working around the clock to search for survivors trapped in the rubble. 救援人员正在夜以继日地搜寻被困在废墟中的幸存者。 The Red Cross has provided emergency relief supplies to the victims of the earthquake. 红十字会已向地震灾民提供了紧急救援物资。 Volunteers have been actively involved in setting up temporary shelters for the homeless. 志愿者们积极参与为无家可归者搭建临时避难所。 高分句型 No sooner had the disaster struck than various rescue forces, including the military, police, and medical teams, were mobilized to rush to the affected area. 灾难一发生，包括军队、警察和医疗队在内的各种救援力量就被动员起来，赶赴受灾地区。（no sooner…than… 倒装结构，突出动作的迅速性） With a strong sense of responsibility and dedication, the rescue workers, undeterred by the harsh conditions and potential dangers, have been striving to save as many lives as possible. 怀着强烈的责任感和奉献精神，救援人员不顾恶劣条件和潜在危险，一直努力拯救尽可能多的生命。（with 复合结构和过去分词作后置定语，丰富句子内容，体现救援人员的精神） 五、表达情感与期望 必备句子 We sincerely hope that the affected areas will recover soon and people can rebuild their lives. 我们衷心希望受灾地区能尽快恢复，人们能够重建生活。 Our hearts go out to the victims of the disaster, and we offer our deepest sympathy. 我们心系受灾群众，并致以最深切的同情。 Let's work together to help those in need and show our support for the disaster - stricken areas. 让我们携手帮助那些有需要的人，表达我们对受灾地区的支持。 高分句型 Despite the immense challenges brought about by the [灾害类型], we remain unwavering in our belief that, through unity and perseverance, the affected communities will surely rise from the ashes and rebuild a more prosperous future. 尽管 [灾害类型] 带来了巨大挑战，但我们坚信，通过团结和坚持不懈，受灾社区一定能从废墟中崛起，重建更加繁荣的未来。（despite 引导让步状语，that 引导同位语从句，表达坚定信念） May the courage and resilience demonstrated by the survivors in the face of adversity serve as an inspiration to us all, and may we continue to stand by them in their journey of recovery. 愿幸存者在逆境中展现出的勇气和坚韧激励我们所有人，愿我们在他们的恢复过程中继续支持他们。（两个 may 引导的虚拟语气句子，表达美好祝愿） 【必背模板】 模板①书信 Dear__________, I hope this letter finds you safe and sound. I'm writing to share with you what happened recently regarding a __________(具体自然灾害名称) that hit __________(受灾地点). The __________(自然灾害) struck __________(具体时间) with great force. It brought about devastating consequences. A large number of houses were severely damaged or even collapsed, leaving many people homeless. There were also quite a few casualties, and the local infrastructure, including roads and power supply systems, was in a mess. Given the situation, here are some suggestions for you to deal with the aftermath. Firstly, __________(应对措施一). Secondly, __________(应对措施二). Thirdly, in case of injuries, seek medical help as soon as possible. I know these are tough times, but please stay strong. We will get through this together. If you need any further help or support, don't hesitate to let me know. Yours, __________(署名) 模板②活动报道 (标题) (具体时间) witnessed a (自然灾害名称) striking (受灾地点), bringing about widespread destruction and chaos. The (自然灾害) hit with astonishing force. According to initial reports, _______________ (受灾情况一). Besides, (受灾情况二). What's worse, (受灾情况三) . Local authorities have immediately launched emergency response plans. Rescue teams, including firefighters, police, and medical workers, have been dispatched to the affected areas. They are working around the clock to search for survivors and provide medical treatment to the injured.(救援情况) As the situation unfolds, we will keep you updated with the latest developments. Stay tuned for more information. 模板②倡议书 Dear friends, Recently, (受灾地区) has been hit by a (自然灾害名称), which has caused great suffering to the local people. The disaster has not only led to (损失一) but also destroyed (损失二), leaving many families in despair. The local infrastructure is severely damaged, and the residents are in urgent need of our help. We, as members of the global community, should take action to assist those affected. Every little bit counts. By donating money (行动一), we can help them purchase essential supplies such as food, water, and medical equipment. We can also (行动二). Additionally, (行动三). Let us show our love and care by reaching out to those in need. Together, we can make a difference and help them rebuild their homes and lives. Please join this meaningful cause and make your contribution now! （2024·广西·二模）假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack得知你所住的村庄上周遭遇了洪灾，来信关心灾情和灾后重建。请你给他写一封邮件回复他。内容包括： 1. 感谢关心； 2. 介绍灾情、救灾和灾后重建情况。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Jack, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【第一部分 基础题】 一、话题词汇翻译​ 1.自然灾害 2.台风 3.地震 4.人员伤亡 5.财产损失 6.基础设施损坏 7.环境破坏 8.灾害预防 9.预警系统 10.疏散居民 11.搭建临时避难所 12.急救治疗 13.红十字会 14.救援人员 15.对…… 表示同情 二、完成句子 1. Due to extremely dry weather and human negligence, __________________ (一场野火在森林里爆发了). 由于天气极度干燥和人为疏忽，一场野火在森林里爆发了。 2. The earthquake not only caused extensive damage to infrastructure but also __________________ (对幸存者造成了深刻的心理创伤). 地震不仅对基础设施造成了广泛破坏，还对幸存者造成了深刻的心理创伤。 3. __________________ (通过实施一系列预防措施) like strengthening coastal defenses, we can effectively mitigate the impact of floods. 通过实施一系列预防措施，如加强海防，我们能够有效地减轻洪水的影响。 4. No sooner had the disaster struck than __________________ (各种救援力量被动员起来赶赴受灾地区), including the military, police, and medical teams. 灾难一发生，包括军队、警察和医疗队在内的各种救援力量就被动员起来，赶赴受灾地区。 5. We sincerely hope that __________________ (受灾地区能尽快恢复) and people can rebuild their lives. 我们衷心希望受灾地区能尽快恢复，人们能够重建生活。 6. The typhoon left a trail of destruction, with __________________ (许多房屋受损，树木被连根拔起). 台风过后一片狼藉，许多房屋受损，树木被连根拔起。 7. __________________ (政府已经建立了预警系统) to alert people in advance of approaching typhoons. 政府已经建立了预警系统，在台风来临前提前通知民众。 三、句子翻译 1.昨晚一场强烈的地震袭击了这座城市，在居民中引发了极大的恐慌。 2.台风过后一片狼藉，许多房屋受损，树木被连根拔起。 3.干旱严重影响了农业生产，导致粮食供应短缺。 4.我们应该建造抗震建筑，以减少地震造成的破坏。 5.政府已经建立了预警系统，在台风来临前提前通知民众。 6.救援人员正在夜以继日地搜寻被困在废墟中的幸存者。 7.我们衷心希望受灾地区能尽快恢复，人们能够重建生活。 【第二部分 提升题】 1.（23-24高一上·吉林辽源·期末）假设你是李华，你校英语报社将举办主题为自然灾害的征文活动。请你给英国朋友Alice写一封邮件，邀请她参加。内容包括： 1. 说明缘由； 2. 请她介绍美国的自然灾害并谈谈影响、应对措施等； 3. 告知征文的截稿日期。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Alice, Our school English paper will hold an essay competition whose theme is Natural Disasters. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2.（2022·重庆涪陵·模拟预测）假定你是李华 ,你的外国笔友 Joe的家乡遭遇了特大洪涝灾害 ，他的家受损严重,他本人也受伤了。 请你给他写一封信，要点包括： 1.安慰和鼓励； 2.为他提供帮助。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.（2025·河北秦皇岛·一模）假如你叫李华。现在你市已经进入严冬季节，时常出现低温、霜冻和雨雪天气。为此，请你写一封邮件给正在你校交流学习的英国学生Mike，提醒他一些注意事项，以避免冻伤和感冒。 要点包括： 1.可能出现的自然灾害； 2.相关的防范建议； 3.你的祝愿。 要求： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.（2024·河北沧州·三模）假定你是李华，请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇与自然灾害有关的短文。内容包括： 1. 描述自然灾害的现象和后果； 2. 分析自然灾害频发的原因； 3. 发出号召。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.（24-25高一下·辽宁·期中）假定你是李华，作为学校的宣传委员，你需要向全校师生介绍地震中的安全防护措施，以提高学生应对地震的能力。请写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1.地震发生时的应对措施； 2.地震后的注意事项。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Hello, everyone! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your attention, and stay safe! 6.（2025·海南·模拟预测）为了提高学生的消防安全意识和应急处置能力，你校举行了一次全员消防演练。请写一篇英语日记，要点包括： 1.演练过程； 2.你的收获。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：灭火器extinguisher April 10, 2025, Thursday Sunny Today, our school conducted a fire drill. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.（2025·江西萍乡·一模）假定你是李华，上周日你参加了你校组织的防火知识宣传志愿者活动。请你给外教Mr. Smith写封邮件，分享此次活动，内容包括： 1.活动时间、地点； 2.活动形式、内容； 3.你的感受。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.（2024·山西太原·一模）你所在的小区近日准备张贴严禁电动车入楼的通知。物业公司请你帮忙用英文写一则告示，告知小区内的外国朋友，内容包括： 1.严禁电动车入楼； 2.危害和消防安全建议。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 NOTICE Dear residents, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Property Company 【链接高考—经典诵读】 （2023高二下·陕西·学业考试）假如你是李华，南京大学的灾难专家陈教授将于本周六上午9点在你们学校阶梯教室举办一个安全报告会，你用英语给你的美籍同学Mary发一封email，通知她去听报告。 内容包括： 1.报告内容：如何预防龙卷风(tornadoes)、飓风(hurricanes)等灾害，以及遇到灾害时如何保护自己； 2.注意事项：如按时参加、认真听讲做记录、举手或递纸条询问等。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mary,   _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua $$高频话题10-自然灾害 话题 真题展示 高考链接 申请信 2023高二下·陕西·学业考试 要求学生能够准确、清晰地将报告会的相关信息告知他人，体现了英语在实际生活中的应用价值。以校园内举办安全报告会为背景，贴近学生的日常生活，使学生能够结合自身经历和常识进行写作，增强学生对英语实用性的认知。 Use what you have learnt to write an English email. 假如你是李华，南京大学的灾难专家陈教授将于本周六上午9点在你们学校阶梯教室举办一个安全报告会，你用英语给你的美籍同学Mary发一封email，通知她去听报告。 内容包括： 1.报告内容：如何预防龙卷风(tornadoes)、飓风(hurricanes)等灾害，以及遇到灾害时如何保护自己； 2.注意事项：如按时参加、认真听讲做记录、举手或递纸条询问等。 一、紧扣题目核心，明确写作方向 高考自然灾害类英语应用文的题目核心通常围绕自然灾害相关内容，如某种具体灾害（地震、洪水、台风等）的应对、预防，或者是对受灾地区的援助倡议、报道等。此类题目可能涵盖多种应用文文体，不同文体决定写作风格与结构。若是书信（如给受灾地区朋友写信安慰并提供应对建议），开头要表明身份与写信目的；若是新闻报道（报道某自然灾害事件），则要遵循新闻报道格式，标题简洁概括事件，开头（导语）点明关键信息，如时间、地点、事件等，主体部分详细叙述事件经过、影响及各方应对措施。 二、解析内容要求，确定写作重点 仔细研读题目，明确给定的具体要点。若要求描述自然灾害的影响并提出预防措施，那么 “灾害影响” 和 “预防措施” 就是写作重点。为使文章内容丰富且有说服力，要结合实际生活经验与所学的自然灾害相关知识。自然灾害类写作往往需要表达对受灾群众的同情、关心，以及对战胜灾害的信心等情感态度，传递积极向上的价值观，体现人文关怀。此外，还可以强调全球合作应对自然灾害的重要性，展现考生的全球视野和责任感。 段落 内容 句子设计 第一段 写作目的+表达同情 Dear xx, I hope this letter finds you as well as possible under the circumstances. I was deeply saddened to hear about the disaster that struck your area. I'm writing to express my heartfelt concern and to offer some practical suggestions to help you deal with the aftermath of the disaster. 第二段 灾害影响+应对措施+注意事项 I can only imagine how difficult and terrifying this time must be for you and your community. The disaster has undoubtedly brought great pain and loss. The disaster usually causes significant damage to buildings, leaving many people homeless. It may also disrupt transportation, power supply, and communication systems. For dealing with disaster, you can first make sure to have an emergency kit ready, including food, water, first - aid supplies, and a flashlight. If possible, learn some basic first - aid skills to help those in need. 第三段 关心鼓励+祝愿 Please know that you are not alone in this. We are all here to support you. I have full confidence that you and your community will bounce back from this adversity. May you stay safe and strong. I'm looking forward to hearing good news from you soon. 【必备词块】 4 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、自然灾害类型 typhoon 台风 hurricane 飓风 tornado 龙卷风 cyclone 气旋 thunderstorm 雷暴 drought 干旱 flood 洪水 blizzard 暴风雪 hail 冰雹 earthquake 地震 landslide 山体滑坡 mudslide 泥石流 volcanic eruption 火山喷发 wildfire 野火 tsunami 海啸 二、灾害相关影响 casualty 伤亡人员 injured people 受伤人员 homeless people 无家可归者 loss of life 生命损失 psychological trauma 心理创伤 property damage 财产损失 destruction of buildings 建筑物毁坏 collapse of houses 房屋倒塌 damage to infrastructure 基础设施损坏 disruption of transportation 交通中断 power outage 停电 water supply interruption 供水中断 environmental damage 环境破坏 ecological imbalance 生态失衡 destruction of habitats 栖息地破坏 soil erosion 土壤侵蚀 water pollution 水污染 三、灾害预防与应对 disaster prevention 灾害预防 early warning system 预警系统 build flood - control dams 修建防洪堤坝 reinforce buildings 加固建筑物 plant trees to prevent landslides 植树预防山体滑坡 drought - resistant crops 抗旱作物 emergency response 应急响应 carry out rescue work 开展救援工作 provide relief supplies 提供救援物资 evacuate residents 疏散居民 set up temporary shelters 搭建临时避难所 first - aid treatment 急救治疗 conduct search and rescue operations 进行搜救行动 四、相关组织与人员 Red Cross 红十字会 emergency management department 应急管理部门 United Nations Disaster Relief Organization 联合国救灾组织 rescue workers 救援人员 volunteers 志愿者 medical team 医疗队 disaster experts 灾害专家 五、情感与态度表达 show sympathy for 对…… 表示同情 express concern about 对…… 表示关心 feel sorry for 为…… 感到难过 cheer up 振作起来 stay strong 保持坚强 offer support to 向…… 提供支持 stand by 支持；袖手旁观（根据语境选择合适含义） have hope for 对…… 抱有希望 be confident that 有信心…… look forward to recovery 期待恢复 【必备句式】 一、描述自然灾害发生 必备句子 A powerful earthquake struck the city last night, causing great panic among the residents. 昨晚一场强烈的地震袭击了这座城市，在居民中引发了极大的恐慌。 Heavy rainfall over the past few days has led to a severe flood in the area. 过去几天的暴雨导致该地区发生了严重的洪水。 A wildfire broke out in the forest due to extremely dry weather and human negligence. 由于天气极度干燥和人为疏忽，森林里爆发了一场野火。 高分句型 It was precisely at [具体时间] that a [灾害类型] of unprecedented magnitude hit [地点], unleashing its destructive force upon everything in its path. 就在 [具体时间]，一场规模空前的 [灾害类型] 袭击了 [地点]，将破坏力施加于沿途的一切。（强调句型，突出灾害发生的时间和严重性） Triggered by [引发原因], a [灾害类型] unexpectedly descended upon [地点], catching the local population off - guard. 由 [引发原因] 引发，一场 [灾害类型] 出人意料地降临到 [地点]，让当地居民猝不及防。 二、阐述灾害影响 必备句子 The typhoon left a trail of destruction, with many houses damaged and trees uprooted. 台风过后一片狼藉，许多房屋受损，树木被连根拔起。 The earthquake resulted in a large number of casualties and significant property damage. 地震造成了大量人员伤亡和重大财产损失。 The drought has severely affected agricultural production, leading to a shortage of food supplies. 干旱严重影响了农业生产，导致粮食供应短缺。 高分句型 Not only did the [灾害类型] cause extensive damage to infrastructure, but it also inflicted profound psychological trauma on the survivors. [灾害类型] 不仅对基础设施造成了广泛破坏，还对幸存者造成了深刻的心理创伤。 The aftermath of the [灾害类型] was nothing short of a catastrophe, with countless lives disrupted, homes reduced to rubble, and the local economy in shambles. [灾害类型] 的后果简直就是一场灾难，无数人的生活被打乱，家园沦为废墟，当地经济陷入混乱。（with 复合结构，生动描绘灾害后果的惨状） 三、说明预防措施 必备句子 We should build earthquake - resistant buildings to reduce the damage caused by earthquakes. 我们应该建造抗震建筑，以减少地震造成的破坏。 Planting more trees can help prevent soil erosion and reduce the risk of landslides. 种植更多的树木有助于防止水土流失，降低山体滑坡的风险。 The government has established an early warning system to alert people in advance of approaching typhoons. 政府已经建立了预警系统，在台风来临前提前通知民众。 高分句型 By implementing a series of preventive measures, such as strengthening coastal defenses and improving drainage systems, we can effectively mitigate the impact of floods. 通过实施一系列预防措施，如加强海防和改善排水系统，我们能够有效地减轻洪水的影响。（by + doing 结构作方式状语，清晰表明预防手段） It is of utmost importance that we incorporate disaster - prevention education into the school curriculum, thereby cultivating students' awareness of self - protection in the face of natural disasters. 我们将灾害预防教育纳入学校课程至关重要，从而培养学生在面对自然灾害时的自我保护意识。（it is of + 名词 + that 从句，提升句子的正式性和强调程度） 四、描述应对行动 必备句子 Rescue workers are working around the clock to search for survivors trapped in the rubble. 救援人员正在夜以继日地搜寻被困在废墟中的幸存者。 The Red Cross has provided emergency relief supplies to the victims of the earthquake. 红十字会已向地震灾民提供了紧急救援物资。 Volunteers have been actively involved in setting up temporary shelters for the homeless. 志愿者们积极参与为无家可归者搭建临时避难所。 高分句型 No sooner had the disaster struck than various rescue forces, including the military, police, and medical teams, were mobilized to rush to the affected area. 灾难一发生，包括军队、警察和医疗队在内的各种救援力量就被动员起来，赶赴受灾地区。（no sooner…than… 倒装结构，突出动作的迅速性） With a strong sense of responsibility and dedication, the rescue workers, undeterred by the harsh conditions and potential dangers, have been striving to save as many lives as possible. 怀着强烈的责任感和奉献精神，救援人员不顾恶劣条件和潜在危险，一直努力拯救尽可能多的生命。（with 复合结构和过去分词作后置定语，丰富句子内容，体现救援人员的精神） 五、表达情感与期望 必备句子 We sincerely hope that the affected areas will recover soon and people can rebuild their lives. 我们衷心希望受灾地区能尽快恢复，人们能够重建生活。 Our hearts go out to the victims of the disaster, and we offer our deepest sympathy. 我们心系受灾群众，并致以最深切的同情。 Let's work together to help those in need and show our support for the disaster - stricken areas. 让我们携手帮助那些有需要的人，表达我们对受灾地区的支持。 高分句型 Despite the immense challenges brought about by the [灾害类型], we remain unwavering in our belief that, through unity and perseverance, the affected communities will surely rise from the ashes and rebuild a more prosperous future. 尽管 [灾害类型] 带来了巨大挑战，但我们坚信，通过团结和坚持不懈，受灾社区一定能从废墟中崛起，重建更加繁荣的未来。（despite 引导让步状语，that 引导同位语从句，表达坚定信念） May the courage and resilience demonstrated by the survivors in the face of adversity serve as an inspiration to us all, and may we continue to stand by them in their journey of recovery. 愿幸存者在逆境中展现出的勇气和坚韧激励我们所有人，愿我们在他们的恢复过程中继续支持他们。（两个 may 引导的虚拟语气句子，表达美好祝愿） 【必背模板】 模板①书信 Dear__________, I hope this letter finds you safe and sound. I'm writing to share with you what happened recently regarding a __________(具体自然灾害名称) that hit __________(受灾地点). The __________(自然灾害) struck __________(具体时间) with great force. It brought about devastating consequences. A large number of houses were severely damaged or even collapsed, leaving many people homeless. There were also quite a few casualties, and the local infrastructure, including roads and power supply systems, was in a mess. Given the situation, here are some suggestions for you to deal with the aftermath. Firstly, __________(应对措施一). Secondly, __________(应对措施二). Thirdly, in case of injuries, seek medical help as soon as possible. I know these are tough times, but please stay strong. We will get through this together. If you need any further help or support, don't hesitate to let me know. Yours, __________(署名) 模板②活动报道 (标题) (具体时间) witnessed a (自然灾害名称) striking (受灾地点), bringing about widespread destruction and chaos. The (自然灾害) hit with astonishing force. According to initial reports, _______________ (受灾情况一). Besides, (受灾情况二). What's worse, (受灾情况三) . Local authorities have immediately launched emergency response plans. Rescue teams, including firefighters, police, and medical workers, have been dispatched to the affected areas. They are working around the clock to search for survivors and provide medical treatment to the injured.(救援情况) As the situation unfolds, we will keep you updated with the latest developments. Stay tuned for more information. 模板②倡议书 Dear friends, Recently, (受灾地区) has been hit by a (自然灾害名称), which has caused great suffering to the local people. The disaster has not only led to (损失一) but also destroyed (损失二), leaving many families in despair. The local infrastructure is severely damaged, and the residents are in urgent need of our help. We, as members of the global community, should take action to assist those affected. Every little bit counts. By donating money (行动一), we can help them purchase essential supplies such as food, water, and medical equipment. We can also (行动二). Additionally, (行动三). Let us show our love and care by reaching out to those in need. Together, we can make a difference and help them rebuild their homes and lives. Please join this meaningful cause and make your contribution now! （2024·广西·二模）假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack得知你所住的村庄上周遭遇了洪灾，来信关心灾情和灾后重建。请你给他写一封邮件回复他。内容包括： 1. 感谢关心； 2. 介绍灾情、救灾和灾后重建情况。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Jack, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你的英国朋友Jack得知你所住的村庄上周遭遇了洪灾，来信关心灾情和灾后重建，请考生给他写一封邮件回复他，向对方表示感谢，并介绍灾情、救灾和灾后重建情况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 感谢的：grateful→appreciative 倒塌的：fallen→collapsed 援助：assistance→aid 自信的：confident→self-assured 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：As is reported, our village was struck by the serious flood without warning, with most of the farmland drowned and some houses made of earth fallen. 拓展句：It is reported that our village was struck by the serious flood without warning, with most of the farmland drowned and some houses made of earth fallen. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We are very grateful for your concerns about the flood which hit our village last week.（运用了which引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Hardly had it occurred when the government took the immediate reaction to relieve the disaster.（运用了hardly…when句型，其中when引导时间状语从句，hardly后用部分倒装） 【范文】Dear Jack, We are very grateful for your concerns about the flood which hit our village last week. As is reported, our village was struck by the serious flood without warning, with most of the farmland drowned and some houses made of earth fallen. Fortunately, no deaths were reported. Hardly had it occurred when the government took the immediate reaction to relieve the disaster. Besides, with the assistance of the volunteers, the rebuilding work is going on well orderly. We are very confident that everything will return to normal soon because where there is a will, there is hope. Thank you again for your concerns. Yours, Li Hua 【第一部分 基础题】 一、话题词汇翻译​ 1.自然灾害 2.台风 3.地震 4.人员伤亡 5.财产损失 6.基础设施损坏 7.环境破坏 8.灾害预防 9.预警系统 10.疏散居民 11.搭建临时避难所 12.急救治疗 13.红十字会 14.救援人员 15.对…… 表示同情 答案：1.natural disasters 2.typhoon 3.earthquake 4.casualties 5.property damage 6.damage to infrastructure 7.environmental damage 8.disaster prevention 9.early warning system 10.evacuate residents 11.set up temporary shelters 12.first - aid treatment 13.Red Cross 14.rescue workers 15.show sympathy for 二、完成句子 1. Due to extremely dry weather and human negligence, __________________ (一场野火在森林里爆发了). 由于天气极度干燥和人为疏忽，一场野火在森林里爆发了。 2. The earthquake not only caused extensive damage to infrastructure but also __________________ (对幸存者造成了深刻的心理创伤). 地震不仅对基础设施造成了广泛破坏，还对幸存者造成了深刻的心理创伤。 3. __________________ (通过实施一系列预防措施) like strengthening coastal defenses, we can effectively mitigate the impact of floods. 通过实施一系列预防措施，如加强海防，我们能够有效地减轻洪水的影响。 4. No sooner had the disaster struck than __________________ (各种救援力量被动员起来赶赴受灾地区), including the military, police, and medical teams. 灾难一发生，包括军队、警察和医疗队在内的各种救援力量就被动员起来，赶赴受灾地区。 5. We sincerely hope that __________________ (受灾地区能尽快恢复) and people can rebuild their lives. 我们衷心希望受灾地区能尽快恢复，人们能够重建生活。 6. The typhoon left a trail of destruction, with __________________ (许多房屋受损，树木被连根拔起). 台风过后一片狼藉，许多房屋受损，树木被连根拔起。 7. __________________ (政府已经建立了预警系统) to alert people in advance of approaching typhoons. 政府已经建立了预警系统，在台风来临前提前通知民众。 答案：1.a wildfire broke out in the forest 2.inflicted profound psychological trauma on the survivors 3.By implementing a series of preventive measures 4.various rescue forces were mobilized to rush to the affected area 5.the affected areas will recover soon 6.many houses damaged and trees uprooted 7.The government has established an early warning system 三、句子翻译 1.昨晚一场强烈的地震袭击了这座城市，在居民中引发了极大的恐慌。 2.台风过后一片狼藉，许多房屋受损，树木被连根拔起。 3.干旱严重影响了农业生产，导致粮食供应短缺。 4.我们应该建造抗震建筑，以减少地震造成的破坏。 5.政府已经建立了预警系统，在台风来临前提前通知民众。 6.救援人员正在夜以继日地搜寻被困在废墟中的幸存者。 7.我们衷心希望受灾地区能尽快恢复，人们能够重建生活。 答案： 1.A powerful earthquake struck the city last night, causing great panic among the residents. 2.The typhoon left a trail of destruction, with many houses damaged and trees uprooted. 3.The drought has severely affected agricultural production, leading to a shortage of food supplies. 4.We should build earthquake - resistant buildings to reduce the damage caused by earthquakes. 5.The government has established an early warning system to alert people in advance of approaching typhoons. 6.Rescue workers are working around the clock to search for survivors trapped in the rubble. 7.We sincerely hope that the affected areas will recover soon and people can rebuild their lives. 【第二部分 提升题】 1.（23-24高一上·吉林辽源·期末）假设你是李华，你校英语报社将举办主题为自然灾害的征文活动。请你给英国朋友Alice写一封邮件，邀请她参加。内容包括： 1. 说明缘由； 2. 请她介绍美国的自然灾害并谈谈影响、应对措施等； 3. 告知征文的截稿日期。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Alice, Our school English paper will hold an essay competition whose theme is Natural Disasters. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【范文】Dear Alice, Our school English paper will hold an essay competition whose theme is Natural Disasters. I’d like to invite you to take part in it. It is well-known that many natural disasters happen every year in America, causing great damage. You can introduce the main natural disasters, such as hurricanes and snowstorms and tell some common knowledge about them. For example, you can discuss how they happen, what harm they may cause, and what you can do in face of disasters. The measures you take may benefit us, as we also face many natural disasters. The deadline is June 8th, 2020. Looking forward to your article. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Alice写一封邮件，邀请她参加学校英语报社将举办主题为自然灾害的征文活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：take part in → participate in 导致：cause → lead to 例如：for example → for instance 面对：face → be faced with 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：It is well-known that many natural disasters happen every year in America, causing great damage. 拓展句：As is known to all, many natural disasters happen every year in America, causing great damage. 【点睛】【高分句型1】For example, you can discuss how they happen, what harm they may cause, and what you can do in face of disasters. (运用了how和what引导的宾语从句作discuss的宾语) 【高分句型2】The measures you take may benefit us, as we also face many natural disasters. (运用了省略关系代词的定语从句修饰名词measures以及as引导的原因状语从句) 2.（2022·重庆涪陵·模拟预测）假定你是李华 ,你的外国笔友 Joe的家乡遭遇了特大洪涝灾害 ，他的家受损严重,他本人也受伤了。 请你给他写一封信，要点包括： 1.安慰和鼓励； 2.为他提供帮助。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】Dear Joe, I'm so sad to know that a heavy flood struck your hometown the other day. I’m writing to offer my genuine concern and sincere backup. I know that your hometown has been badly destroyed and you are physically hurt and mentally affected as well. I do feel bad about this and I hope you can get recovered soon. Meanwhile, never lose heart and don’t forget I am by your side though I can not fly there to fight against the disaster alongside you. I have been raising money and collecting useful items for you, which will be sent to you as soon as possible. Wish you all the best. And feel free to contact me if you need any more help. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份给家乡遭遇了特大洪涝灾害，家受损严重，本人也受伤的外国笔友Joe写一封信。 【详解】1.词汇积累 给予：offer→give/provide 破坏：destroy→damage 难过的：sad/bad→sorrowful 有用的：useful→helpful 2.句式拓展 并列句变复合句 原句：I know that your hometown has been badly destroyed and you are physically hurt and mentally affected as well. 拓展句：I know that you are physically hurt and mentally affected because your hometown has been badly destroyed. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I'm so sad to know that a heavy flood struck your hometown the other day. (运用了so...that引导的结果状语从句) [高分句型2] Meanwhile, never lose heart and don't forget I am by your side though I can not fly there to fight against the disaster alongside you. (运用了though引导的让步状语从句) 3.（2025·河北秦皇岛·一模）假如你叫李华。现在你市已经进入严冬季节，时常出现低温、霜冻和雨雪天气。为此，请你写一封邮件给正在你校交流学习的英国学生Mike，提醒他一些注意事项，以避免冻伤和感冒。 要点包括： 1.可能出现的自然灾害； 2.相关的防范建议； 3.你的祝愿。 要求： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】Dear Mike, I hope this email finds you well. As winter has arrived in our city, extremely cold weather with low temperatures, frost, and snow or rain is common. Such conditions may lead to natural disasters like blizzards, which can be quite dangerous. To avoid getting frostbite or catching a cold, wear thick, warm clothes, gloves, and a hat when going out. Try to stay indoors during extreme weather. If you have to be outside, keep moving to keep warm. I sincerely hope you stay safe and healthy during this cold season. Best regards, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。现在你市已经进入严冬季节，时常出现低温、霜冻和雨雪天气。为此，要求考生写一封邮件给正在你校交流学习的英国学生Mike，提醒他一些注意事项，以避免冻伤和感冒。 【详解】1.词汇积累 导致：lead to→ cause 极端地：extremely → terrifically 到达：arrived→ reached 健康：healthy→ fit 2.句式拓展 扩写句子 原句：Try to stay indoors during extreme weather. 拓展句：Try to stay indoors during extreme weather, which will reduce your risk of frostbite. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Such conditions may lead to natural disasters like blizzards, which can be quite dangerous.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】If you have to be outside, keep moving to keep warm.（运用了If引导的条件状语从句。） 4.（2024·河北沧州·三模）假定你是李华，请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇与自然灾害有关的短文。内容包括： 1. 描述自然灾害的现象和后果； 2. 分析自然灾害频发的原因； 3. 发出号召。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】One possible version: As we all know, natural disasters, such as the earthquakes, sandstorms, floods and so on, do much damage to human. Thus, countless houses are in ruins, numerous fields are destroyed, and millions of people suffer great economical loss. There are several reasons for these disasters. The quick population growth has a bad effect on nature, since it means higher demands for supplies. What’s more, people lack the consciousness of environmental protection, making them lose the ability to deal with emergencies. In my opinion, we are supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between human and nature. Only in this way can we humans survive. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生按照要求给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇与自然灾害有关的短文。 【详解】1.词汇积累 因此：thus→ therefore 无数的：countless→ innumerable 很多的：numerous→ a lot of 几个：several→ a few 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As we all know, natural disasters, such as the earthquakes, sandstorms, floods and so on, do much damage to human. 拓展句：It is known to all that natural disasters, such as the earthquakes, sandstorms, floods and so on, do much damage to human. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As we all know, natural disasters, such as the earthquakes, sandstorms, floods and so on, do much damage to human. （运用了As引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】What’s more, people lack the consciousness of environmental protection, making them lose the ability to deal with emergencies.（运用了现在分词making作状语） 5.（24-25高一下·辽宁·期中）假定你是李华，作为学校的宣传委员，你需要向全校师生介绍地震中的安全防护措施，以提高学生应对地震的能力。请写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1.地震发生时的应对措施； 2.地震后的注意事项。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Hello, everyone! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your attention, and stay safe! 【范文】Hello, everyone!      I’m Li Hua, the publicity officer of our school. Today, I want to talk about earthquake safety. When an earthquake happens, stay calm. If you’re indoors, take cover under a sturdy desk and protect your head. Besides, stay away from windows and heavy objects. If you’re outside, move to an open area. After the earthquake, check for injuries and avoid damaged buildings. Be cautious of aftershocks and follow teachers’ instructions. Remember, staying calm and informed can save lives.      Thank you for your attention, and stay safe! 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇演讲稿，向全校师生介绍地震中的安全防护措施，以提高学生应对地震的能力。 【详解】1.词汇积累 安全：safety→security 发生：happen→occurr/break out 此外：besides → what’s more/in addition 遵照，听从：follow→ obey/ comply with 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：After the earthquake, check for injuries and avoid damaged buildings. 拓展句：After the earthquake, it is necessary that you should check for injuries and avoid damaged buildings. 【点睛】【高分句型1】If you’re indoors, take cover under a sturdy desk and protect your head.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 【高分句型2】Remember, staying calm and informed can save lives.（运用了动名词作主语） 6.（2025·海南·模拟预测）为了提高学生的消防安全意识和应急处置能力，你校举行了一次全员消防演练。请写一篇英语日记，要点包括： 1.演练过程； 2.你的收获。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：灭火器extinguisher April 10, 2025, Thursday Sunny Today, our school conducted a fire drill. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】April 10, 2025, Thursday Sunny Today, our school conducted a fire drill. At 10 AM, the fire alarm rang loudly, signaling us to evacuate. We quickly lined up and exited the building in an orderly manner, following our teachers’ instructions. Once outside, we gathered at the designated safe area. Fire safety officers demonstrated how to use a fire extinguisher and explained the importance of staying calm during emergencies. I learned valuable skills, including how to react in case of a fire and the significance of teamwork. This drill boosted my confidence in handling such situations and made me realize the importance of being prepared. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于为了提高学生的消防安全意识和应急处置能力，你校举行了一次全员消防演练这一情况，写一篇英语日记。 【详解】1.词汇积累 聚集：gather→congregate 增强：boost→enhance 意识到：realize→be aware of 处理：handle→deal with 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：This drill boosted my confidence in handling such situations and made me realize the importance of being prepared. 拓展句：This drill boosted my confidence in handling such situations, which made me realize the importance of being prepared. 【点睛】【高分句型1】At 10 AM, the fire alarm rang loudly, signaling us to evacuate.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】Fire safety officers demonstrated how to use a fire extinguisher and explained the importance of staying calm during emergencies.（运用了how to do的固定用法以及动名词短语作宾语） 7.（2025·江西萍乡·一模）假定你是李华，上周日你参加了你校组织的防火知识宣传志愿者活动。请你给外教Mr. Smith写封邮件，分享此次活动，内容包括： 1.活动时间、地点； 2.活动形式、内容； 3.你的感受。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】Dear Mr. Smith, I’m writing to share my experience as a volunteer in the fire prevention knowledge promotion activity organized by our school last Sunday. The activity took place in the community near our school. We distributed brochures about fire prevention, showed short videos on fire safety, and answered people’s questions. Some students even performed a skit to vividly demonstrate how to deal with a fire. I felt really proud to be part of this activity. It not only enhanced my own knowledge of fire prevention but also allowed me to contribute to the safety of the community. Best regards, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于上周日你参加了你校组织的防火知识宣传志愿者活动这一情况，给外教Mr. Smith写封邮件，分享此次活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 组织：organize → host 分发：distribute → hand out 展示：demonstrate → show 提高，加强：enhance → improve/boost 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to share my experience as a volunteer in the fire prevention knowledge promotion activity organized by our school last Sunday. 拓展句：I’m writing to share my experience as a volunteer in the fire prevention knowledge promotion activity which was organized by our school last Sunday. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It not only enhanced my own knowledge of fire prevention but also allowed me to contribute to the safety of the community.（运用了not only...but also...连接并列的谓语动词） 【高分句型2】We distributed brochures about fire prevention, showed short videos on fire safety, and answered people’s questions.（运用了and连接并列的谓语动词） 8.（2024·山西太原·一模）你所在的小区近日准备张贴严禁电动车入楼的通知。物业公司请你帮忙用英文写一则告示，告知小区内的外国朋友，内容包括： 1.严禁电动车入楼； 2.危害和消防安全建议。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 NOTICE Dear residents, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Property Company 【范文】NOTICE Dear residents, For the safety and well-being of all residents, we would like to emphasize that electric bicycles are strictly prohibited from entering the buildings. The potential dangers include but are not limited to: injuries in the limited passageways, rescue delay due to blocked exits and most importantly, a fire outbreak brought by battery-charging indoors. Please ensure that all fire safety measures are in place. You are advised to park your electric bicycles in designated areas outside and report to us any suspicious behavior associated with electric bicycles. Let’s work together to maintain a safe community. Thanks for your understanding and cooperation. Property Company March 30 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英文写一则告示，告知小区内的外国朋友严禁电动车入楼，说明其危害，并给出消防安全建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 安全：safety→security 想要：would like→want 由于：due to→because of 确保：ensure→make sure 2.句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：You are advised to park your electric bicycles in designated areas outside and report to us any suspicious behavior associated with electric bicycles. 拓展句：You are advised to park your electric bicycles in designated areas outside and report to us any suspicious behavior that is associated with electric bicycles. 【点睛】【高分句型1】For the safety and well-being of all residents, we would like to emphasize that electric bicycles are strictly prohibited from entering the buildings. (运用了that引导的宾语从句及动名词作宾语) 【高分句型2】You are advised to park your electric bicycles in designated areas outside and report to us any suspicious behavior associated with electric bicycles. (运用了非谓语动词过去分词作定语) 【链接高考—经典诵读】 （2023高二下·陕西·学业考试）假如你是李华，南京大学的灾难专家陈教授将于本周六上午9点在你们学校阶梯教室举办一个安全报告会，你用英语给你的美籍同学Mary发一封email，通知她去听报告。 内容包括： 1.报告内容：如何预防龙卷风(tornadoes)、飓风(hurricanes)等灾害，以及遇到灾害时如何保护自己； 2.注意事项：如按时参加、认真听讲做记录、举手或递纸条询问等。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mary,   _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【佳作欣赏1】 Dear Mary, I have something important to tell you. There will be a safety lecture in the lecture room of our school this Saturday. It is about how to prevent tornadoes, hurricanes and other natural disasters and how we should protect ourselves when we are caught in them. The lecture will be given by Professor Chen, a famous disaster expert from Nanjing University. It begins at 9:00 in the morning. All of us are required to attend it on time, listen and take notes carefully. If we have any question, we can raise our hands or write them down on a piece of paper and pass it to the expert. Please do remember the time and the place and be sure not to be late. See you then. Yours, Li Hua 【佳作欣赏2】 Dear Mary, I hope this email finds you in good spirits. I am writing with exciting news: Professor Chen, a renowned disaster expert hailing from Nanjing University, is scheduled to deliver a safety - themed report in our school's lecture hall at precisely 9 am this Saturday. The report will delve into crucial aspects, including effective prevention strategies for calamities such as tornadoes and hurricanes, as well as practical self - protection measures in the face of these disasters. It is, without a doubt, an invaluable occasion to acquire essential survival skills that could potentially save lives. To make the most of this event, please ensure your punctual attendance. During the report, not only should you listen attentively but also take meticulous notes. In case you have any queries, do not hesitate to either raise your hand or pass a note for clarification. I am eagerly anticipating your presence at this informative session. Yours, Li Hua $$