选修4 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版）

UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 主题语境　文学与艺术 选择性必修第四册 单元主题· 创意背记 背诵默写本 板块一　词句背诵 ◆重难点词汇 四级词汇 appointment n.[C]预约,约会,约定;[C]& [U]委任,任命(appoint v.任命;委派;指定;约定) 　make/keep an appointment预约/守约 declare vt.声称,宣称;表明,公布,声明;申报(declaration n.宣称;声明) 　declare+that从句宣布…… labour n.[U]体力劳动;[统称]劳动(者),劳工 vi.(辛勤)劳动,苦干;奋斗,努力工作 　physical/mental labour体力/脑力劳动 　Labour Day劳动节 三级词汇 explode vt.& vi.(使)爆破,(使)爆炸 vi.(感情、暴力事件)爆发 [explosion n.爆炸;(感情)爆发;激增] 　explode with anger勃然大怒 mud n.[U]泥,泥浆(muddy adj.泥泞的) fiction n.[U]小说;[C]&[U]虚构的事 　science fiction科幻小说(或影片等) guilty adj.内疚的,感到惭愧的;有罪的,犯罪的,有过失的(guilt n.内疚;罪行;罪过) 　feel guilty about对……感到内疚 　be guilty of a crime犯罪,有罪 inch n.[C][长度单位,等于2.54厘米]英寸 　by an inch/inches差一点,险些 　inch by inch缓慢地,一点一点地 pace n.[U][常用单数]速度,步伐,节奏;[C]一步(step) vi.& vt.踱步 　pace of life生活节奏 　keep pace (with sb./sth.)(与某人/事物)并驾齐驱,步调一致 　pace up and down来回踱步 salary n.[C]&[U]薪水,薪金 salesman n.[C](salesmen pl.)售货员,推销员 urge n.[C]强烈的欲望,冲动 vt.催促,力劝;大力推荐;鞭策,驱赶[urgent adj.紧急的,急迫的　urgency n.紧急(的事)] 　have an urge to do sth.有强烈的欲望做某事 weekly adj.每周的,每周一次的 adv.每周 n.[C]周刊 　a weekly newspaper周报 二级词汇 backward(s) adv.向后,倒着,往回 calculate vt.计算,核算;预测,估计(calculator n.计算器　calculation n.计算) 　calculate+that/wh-从句计算/估计…… 　It is calculated+that从句据推算…… dismiss vt.让(某人)离开,解散;[常用于被动语态]解雇;消除(顾虑等);拒绝考虑 　dismiss fears/doubts from one’s mind消除心中的恐惧/疑虑 division n.[U]分开,分隔;除(法);[C]分界线,部门 [C]&[U]差异;不和 (divide v.分开;分散;分配;分享) fare n.[C]&[U](车、船)费,飞机票价 fetch vt.(去)拿来,(去)取来;(去)请来 lamp n.[C]灯,台灯 leather n.[C]&[U]皮革;[pl.]皮衣,皮外套 maximum adj最大极限的 n.[C]最大量,最大限度(反minimum) nail n.[C]指甲;钉子;趾甲 vt.(用钉子)钉牢,固定 random adj.随机的,任意的;不可思议的 　at random任意地;随机地 ridiculous adj.愚蠢的,荒谬的;荒唐的,可笑的,滑稽的 rumour n.[C]&[U]谣言,传闻 superior adj.[无比较级]更好的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的;占优势的 　superior to比……更好;更胜一筹 whereas conj.[引导进行对比、对照的从句]然而,但是,尽管 一级词汇 bonus n.[C]红利,奖金;意外收获 chairwoman n.[C](chairwomen pl.)女主席;女董事长;女委员长 dignity n.[U]尊严,尊贵;庄严,端庄,庄重 handkerchief n.[C](handkerchiefs/handkerchieves pl.)手帕,纸巾 integrity n.[U]诚实正直;完整,完好 suspend vt.暂缓,暂停,中止;悬;挂 (suspension n.悬架;暂停;中止) venue n.[C]举办地点,活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等) inaction n.[U]无行动,不采取措施 overstatement n.[C]夸大,夸张 ◆短语与词块 1.test out检验;测试 2.more like更像是;更接近 3.on a...basis根据;以……的方式(基准) 4.pros and cons事物的利与弊;支持与反对 5.take over占上风;取而代之;接管;接手 6.conflict with与……冲突或抵触 7.turn out关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是 8.fall away(逐渐)减少;消失 9.on a business trip出公差 10.feel alarmed感到害怕 11.treat her with dignity有尊严地对待她 12.or rather更准确地说,更确切地说 13.admire his wisdom and integrity欣赏他的智慧和正直 ◆句式表达 1.句式:more...than...与其说……倒不如说…… He seemed more like a human than a machine.他看起来不太像一个机器,而更像一个真人。 2.句式:it be+形容词+that从句 Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情是十分荒谬的,但她逐渐欣赏到了他的智慧和正直,并且开始信任他。 3.句式:完全倒装 As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.当她转过身时,格拉迪丝·克拉芬就站在那里。 4.句式:修辞之明喻 It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。 5.句式:人物外貌描写 He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice, although his facial expression never changed.他高大英俊,头发顺滑,嗓音低沉,不过他的面部表情始终不变。 板块二　默写练习 Ⅰ.核心词块 1. love in particular 特别喜欢科幻小说  2. an annual 年度奖金 3. a accent 可笑的腔调 4. behave with 行为表现诚实正直 5. the of work 工作的光荣 6. an annual of 40,000 dollars 4万美元的年薪 science fiction bonus ridiculous integrity dignity salary 7. an idea 一个荒唐的想法 8. strike action 暂停罢工行动 9. her fears 消除她的恐惧 10. a state of emergency 宣布进入紧急状态 11. to start/spread a 制造/散布谣言 12. bus/taxi 公共汽车/出租汽车费 13. a magazine 周刊 14. the area of a circle 计算圆的面积 15. manual 体力劳动 absurd suspend dismiss declare rumour fares weekly calculate labour 16. fall into the water 向后一仰掉进水里 17. help/a doctor 去请人帮助/去请医生 18. polish his glasses with a 用手绢擦了擦 他的眼镜 19. set off at a steady 以稳定的速度出发 20. in a order 以随机顺序 21. at the speed 以最快速度 22. have a quick through the report 迅速浏览一下报告 backwards fetch handkerchief pace random maximum flip Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1. v.任命,委任;安排→ n.约会;预约; 委任 2. vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓→ n.悬架;暂停; 中止 3. vt.公布;宣称;表明→ n.公告;宣告 4. vt.计算;预测;核算→ n.计算;推测 5. vt.划分;隔开;分割;[数]除 vi.分裂→ n.分 开;除(法);分隔;差异 6. vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐 n.冲动;强烈的欲望 → adj.紧急的;急迫的→ n.紧急(的事) appoint appointment suspend suspension declare declaration calculate calculation divide division urge urgent urgency 结合语境变形单词 7. I felt ⁠ (guilt) about not visiting my parents more often. 8. They made the wrong ⁠ (calculate) of their situation. 9. There is so much on the ⁠ road that you have to walk on it cautiously.(mud) 10. It was reported that the ⁠ was caused by a leaking gas pipe,making the mayor ⁠ with anger.(explode) guilty calculation mud muddy explosion explode Ⅲ.重点短语 1. the market 检验一下市场情况  2. a film star 更像是一位电影明星  3. investigations 在调查的基础上  4. be the past 比过去好  5. travel 很想去旅行  test out more like on a basis of superior to have an urge to 根据语境完成句子 6. In hot summer days,have you ever ⁠ (有一种想喝一瓶冰水的强烈欲望) immediately,only to find nothing in the fridge?  7. The village where they lived (逐渐消 失在远方).  8. Scientists looked into the case again and ⁠ (证明这些结果与早期的发现相冲 突).  had an urge to drink a bottle of ice-cold water fell away in the distance proved that these results conflicted with earlier findings 9. Technology is here to help us,but we should not allow it to ⁠ (掌管我们的生活).  10. It is necessary that we (权衡利弊) before we make the final decision.  take over our life weigh the pros and cons Ⅳ.句式仿写 1. 与其他学生相比,这个名叫汤姆的男孩与其说他聪明不如说他 勤奋。(more...than...) Compared with other students, the boy called Tom _______________ ______________. 2. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)几个星期后,当我几乎忘记比赛的时候,消息 传来了。(完全倒装) A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, ⁠ ⁠.  3. 我感觉我正漂浮在悲伤的海洋里。(feel like...) ____________________________________________. is more diligent than smart there came the news I feel like I am floating in the ocean of sadness 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的→ n.内疚;悔恨;犯 罪;罪行 (1)be guilty of犯有……罪 be/feel guilty for/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧 (2)a sense of guilt愧疚感 guilt ①She felt guilty ⁠ not being able to support her friends during their tough times. ②意识到自己的行为伤害了这个可怜的女孩,这个男孩有一种深 深的愧疚感。(情感描写) Realizing that his behaviour hurt the poor girl,___________________ ________________________________. for/at/about the boy was overwhelmed by a deep sense of guilt ⁠ 2.declare vt.表明;宣布;公布→ n.公告;宣布;表白 declare...to be/as...宣布……为…… declare for/against宣称支持/反对…… declare war on/against...对……宣战 declare that...宣告/宣称…… declaration ①All the residents in this community declared garbage- sorting in new efforts to better protect their living environment. ②In September 1939, Britain declared war ⁠ Germany after Germany invaded Poland. ③当老师宣布我是这次歌咏比赛的获胜者时,我既惊讶又高兴。 (个人感受) When the teacher __________________________________________ ______________________________________. for on/against declared me as/to be the winner of the singing competition,I was surprised and pleased 3.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动 vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐→ ⁠ adj.紧急的;急迫的→ n.紧急;急迫 (1)have/feel an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事 (2)urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事 It is urged that...(should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事 urgent urgency ①It is strongly urged by students that the library _________________ (keep) open during the weekend.  ②(2025·八省联考)A nearby theater was showing a documentary (纪 录片) about several local animal shelters that were helping to save abandoned dogs across the country. I love animals, and I felt an urge ⁠ (go) to this fundraising event.   (should) be kept to go ③为了更好地保护我们的地球,我们必须敦促更多人去反思他们 自己不道德的行为并且作出改变。 →To better protect our Earth, we ⁠ ⁠ and make changes.(urge sb. to do sth.)  →To better protect our Earth, we ⁠ ⁠ and make changes.(urge that...)  must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavior must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior 4.take over 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手 take off起飞;匆匆离去;脱下;大获成功 take on呈现;雇用;承担 take in包括;吸收;理解;欺骗;收留 take up占用(时间);占据(空间);开始从事 take sth.for granted 认为……是理所当然的 ①用take相关短语的正确形式填空 The father retired and Tom his business.Tom ⁠ some bright ideas, such as ⁠ some experienced and devoted workers, which guaranteed that his business would ⁠ soon.Certainly, managing the firm ⁠ almost all his time.Tom was convinced that his firm would ⁠ a new look in the near future.  ②如果你把朋友的支持和帮助视为理所当然,那你也许不会有长 久的友情。(主旨升华) ⁠, you may not have friends for long.  took over took in taking on take off took up take on If you take friends’ support and help for granted 5.more...than...“与其说……不如说……” [教材原句]　He seemed more like a human than a machine.他看起 来不太像一个机器,而更像一个真人。 (1)more A than B 与其说B不如说A (2)more than+数词,表示“超过;不止”,相当于over; more than+名词,意为“不只是;不仅仅是……”,相当于not only; more than+形容词/副词,意为“非常,很”,相当于very。 ①这次经历与其说是恐惧的,不如说是令人兴奋的,在此期间,我的 心一直在剧烈地跳动着。 The experience ⁠, during which my heart beat violently the whole time.  ②如果你能加入我们目前有十多个成员的俱乐部,我会非常高 兴。我们期待着你的加入。(邀请信) ⁠ if you could join our club which has more than ten members at present.We are expecting your joining.  was more exciting than frightening I would be more than delighted Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1. The village has taken ⁠ a new look thanks to the good economic policies from the government. 2. They celebrate September 16 every year, the day when Mexico ⁠ (declare) independence from Spain. 3. As for the environmental protection, it is not what we say but what we do ⁠ makes a difference. on declared that 4. When you feel the urge ⁠ (spread) the latest news, think about why you want to gossip.  5. Robots are much stronger than we are.It is predicted that the robots may be superior ⁠ us in the future. 6. Tony picked up a handkerchief ⁠ random and handed it to this girl to wipe her tears. 7. Keep in touch with your friends ⁠ a regular basis.If not, you may risk losing touch with your friends. to spread to at on 8. I feel ⁠ (guilt) for teasing the child who fell over on the muddy track. 9. He performed perfectly in the speech contest and an ⁠ (explode) of applause came out of the audience. 10. Bernard’s business turned ⁠ to be successful with so many people supporting him. guilty explosion out Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1. 当老师宣布我得了一等奖时,我觉得自己像在做梦。 When the teacher ⁠, I felt like I was dreaming.  2. 接着,我感到有一种要冲出教室的冲动,去和我父母分享我的 快乐。 Then I ⁠, sharing my happiness with my parents.  declared that I won first prize felt an urge to rush out of the classroom 3. 我妈妈表扬了我,说我与其说是聪明倒不如说是勤奋。 My mom praised me, saying that _____________________________. 4. 我父亲表示,希望有一天我能接管他的公司。 My father expressed his hope that I ____________________________ _________. 5. 听了他们说的,不知怎么的,一种既内疚又高兴的情绪从我心底 涌起。 Hearing what they said, somehow, ⁠ came from the bottom of my heart.  ⁠ I was more diligent than clever would take over his business one day a mixture of guilt and delight Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1.(2022· 浙江1月卷)The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. 生义:_______________ 熟义:n.津贴,红利 2.I nailed the sign reading “keep off the grass” to a board to protect our lawn. 生义:____________________ 熟义:n.钉子 n.好处;意外收获 vt.(用钉子)钉牢,固定 3.She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a risky move, but she decided to take the chance. 生义:________ 熟义:v.计算 4.(2023· 浙江1月卷)Sitting on a branch, he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. 生义:__________ 熟义:n.英寸 v.预测 v.缓慢移动 5.dismiss A.vt.消除　 B.vt.解散;让(某人)离开　 C.vt.解雇 (1)The class was dismissed early today. ___ (2)She was unfairly dismissed from her post.She felt so sad that tears rolled down her cheeks. ___ (3)The kind teacher gently patted the boy on his shoulder, trying to dismiss his fears. ___ B C A 培优2　单元话题写作——科幻小说 　　根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 　　Time travel, alien invasions, and artificial intelligence have always been popular themes in science fiction.However, these were never the exclusive domains of sci-fi writers.Some scientists also long to (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:① ) explore these themes ② (在科学的基础上). have an urge to on a scientific basis Take time travel as an example.Many fascinating stories based on time travel go either backwards or forwards in time.However, the former is not really an option.The world-famous scientist Stephen Hawking once explained that travelling into the past would ③______ ____ (与……相冲突) the basic rule that cause comes before effect.But ④ (前往未来旅行是可能的;it作形式主语) in a vastly advanced (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:⑤ ) spaceship approaching the speed of light.In addition to the question of time travel, Hawking also expressed his opinions on alien invasions and AI development. with conflict it would be possible to travel into the future superior ⑥______________________________________________________ ______________(当许多科学家和学者还在争论利弊时;when引导时间状语从句) of alien existence and AI development, Hawking said he believed aliens would invade Earth, and ⑦___________________ ______________________________________(人类最终会被人工智能和机器人取代).  When many scientists and scholars were still arguing about the pros and cons that humans would be eventually taken over by AI and robots 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　guilty;guilt;superior to;urge;have an urge to;explode;stun;stunned [动作描写]　pace;declare;blur;explode;conflict with 美句 1.He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice, although his facial expression never changed.(人物描写) 2.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.(情感描写) 3.Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.(情感描写) 美句 4.She screamed, pushed him away, and ran to her room.(动作描写) 5.It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.(拟人) 6.I drew a breath, gripped the lever and pushed it forwards.(动作描写) 7.Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.(比喻) Step 2　语料运用　【亲情篇】 　　当我得知我儿子和他的同学发生冲突时,我勃然大怒。他是如此委屈和惊愕,以至于他站在那里一动不动,泪水模糊了他的双眼。知道我的儿子不该受责备后,我内疚地在房间里来回踱步。 When I learned that my son conflicted with his classmate, I ① __________________.So aggrieved and stunned was he that he stood rooted to the spot, ②_____________ ________ _ (with复合结构).After knowing that my son was not to blame, I paced around the room guiltily. exploded with anger with tears blurring his eyes 我强烈渴望得到儿子的原谅。我向儿子的卧室走去,敲门,然后大步走进房间,表明我不会再像这样对待他了。 ③_____________________________ _________________.I headed for my son’s bedroom, ④________________ _____________________(动作链), declaring that I wouldn’t treat him like this again.  I had a strong urge to gain my son’s forgiveness knocked at the door and strode into the room 语料积累 【动作细节描写:笑(二)】 单词 laugh;grin;giggle;chuckle 词块 wear a bright smile 面带微笑;roar with laughter 哈哈大笑; burst into hearty laughter 尽情欢笑; laugh heartily 开怀大笑;burst out laughing 放声大笑;grin with delight 高兴地咧嘴而笑 句型 Wearing a smile, my mother watched Kelly welcoming this special guest and playing with his doll. 我妈妈面带微笑,看着凯利一边欢迎这位特殊的客人,一边摆弄着他的玩偶。 Our head teacher grinned with delight when he got the news that we got first place in the reciting contest. 当我们的校长得知我们在朗诵比赛中得了第一名时,他高兴得咧着嘴笑了。 “Look at him,” Fern chuckled softly, and her eyes grew wide. “看看他。”弗恩轻声笑着说,她的眼睛睁得大大的。 If you can’t stop giggling, you’ll have to leave the room. 如果你再咯咯地笑个不停,你将必须离开这间屋子。 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A 　　Going into my Ph.D.program, I knew I loved to communicate science to the public as much as I liked doing science. But the few times I presented to broader audiences, I struggled to explain how my research might apply in the real world and why it matters. The problem came to a head 5 years into my Ph.D.when I took a trip to Maine. Many fellow travelers excitedly shared stories about the latest books they’d consumed.I could vividly recall every detail of the papers piling up back in the lab, yet I couldn’t remember the last book I had read for fun. And so I found myself mostly talking about my research. As I struggled to convey its broader relevance, I noticed that the enthusiasm in my voice faded away with each new conversation. “Is my Ph.D.killing my love of science?” I thought. When I returned home, I resolved to dedicate more time to reading for pleasure, and my brother had recommended a science fiction book, which blew me away by the scientific technologies and plots ①crafted within a wildly imaginative storyline. It was like nothing I had ever read before. I kept reading science fiction after I finished my Ph.D.But I still hadn’t gotten back to communicating science to the public until a colleague invited me to speak at a pop culture convention (大会), where I gave a talk about the science behind the classic Dune books by Frank Herbert. When the day came to present, I felt anxious until I was behind the podium and saw the bright-eyed, eager ②attendees. After I finished, I ③was overwhelmed with questions and comments that spilled over beyond the given time. It suddenly occurred to me that this was my path back to science communication. I’m glad science fiction helped me professionally, ④fueling my ability to communicate the wonders of science to broader audiences. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。喜欢研究科学和传播科学的作者偶然接触到了科幻小说,顿感耳目一新,并在一次流行文化大会上分享科幻小说《沙丘》背后的科学故事,反响热烈,至此找到向公众传播科学的绝佳方式。 1 2 3 4 1.What was the author’s initial problem?(　　) A.How to sustain interest in science consistently. B.How to spread science to the public effectively. C.How to apply science to the real world practically. D.How to recall something about the research vividly. B 1 2 3 4 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段“Going into my Ph.D.program, I knew I loved to communicate science to the public ... But the few times I presented to broader audiences, I struggled to explain how my research might apply in the real world and why it matters.”以及第二段第一句“The problem came to a head 5 years into my Ph.D.when I took a trip to Maine.”可知,作者在读博士学位时就喜欢向公众传播科学,但是却不能有效地进行传播,而第二段通过具体事例表现作者难以跟普通大众交流科学,由此可知,作者最初的问题指的是如何有效地向公众传播科学,故选B项。 1 2 3 4 2.Which word can best describe the recommended book by the author’s brother?(　　) A.Plain.　　　　　　　 B.Professional. C.Complex. D.Novel. D 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段“...and my brother had recommended a science fiction book, which blew me away by the scientific technologies and plots crafted within a wildly imaginative storyline. It was like nothing I had ever read before.”可知,作者的哥哥推荐的书非常新颖,故选D项。 1 2 3 4 3.What is the turning point on the author’s path back to science communication?(　　) A.Preference for reading science fiction. B.Attendees’ dissatisfaction and doubts. C.A classic book written by Frank Herbert. D.A speech on the science behind a book. D 1 2 3 4 解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But I still hadn’t gotten back to communicating science to the public until a colleague invited me to speak at a pop culture convention, where I gave a talk about the science behind the classic Dune books by Frank Herbert.”可知,作者在流行文化大会上所做的关于经典小说《沙丘》背后的科学的演讲是作者回归科学传播之路的转折点,故选D项。 1 2 3 4 4.What is the text mainly about?(　　) A.The dilemma of most Ph.D. students. B.The impact of a pop culture convention. C.The joy of rediscovering science communication. D.The significance of public engagement in science. C 1 2 3 4 解析:主旨大意题。由第一段可知,作者自读博士时就喜欢向公众传播科学;由第二段可知,作者发现自己很难有效地向公众传播科学;文章第三、四、五段集中讲述作者通过阅读哥哥推荐的科幻小说以及在一次流行文化大会上所做的关于经典小说《沙丘》背后的科学演讲,终于让作者找到了向公众传播科学的有效途径。纵观全文,文章主要围绕作者是如何重新找到传播科学之路这个话题展开的,所以C项“The joy of rediscovering science communication.(重新发现科学传播的乐趣)”符合题意,故选C项。 [语境猜词] ①craft (转) 文章义: [熟义:n. 手艺,技巧] ②attendee (派) [attend v.出席,参加+-ee] ③be overwhelmed with ______________________  ④fuel (转) 文章义: [ 熟义:n.燃料;刺激性言行] v.精心制作 n.(会议等的)出席者 被……淹没, 忙着做…… v.刺激;加强 B 　　(2024·重庆期中)When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep exploration of the nature of time. Despite its presence everywhere in daily life, time remains a mystery, with no definitive definition. Our concept of time may be a mental shortcut, a tool for our limited brains to comprehend change. The English language frequently employs the noun“time”, yet we lack a satisfactory explanation for it. Concerning time, quantum (量子) mechanics and daily experiences often contradict each other, suggesting time’s ①complexity and ambiguous nature. Our mental conception of time may never correspond with its reality in the universe, but this shouldn’t stop us from exploring it. Many science fiction quotes touch on time. Ray Cummings’ 1919 novel, The Girl in the Golden Atom, offers a memorable quote: “Time is what keeps everything from happening at once,” implying time’s ②structural role in the universe. Blake Crouch’s Recursion presents a contrasting view: “Time is a false image, a concept made out of human memory.” Robert Charles Wilson’s Spin explores various forms of time, from personal measurement to cosmic scales, emphasizing our challenging relationship with it. S.D.Unwin’s One Second Per Second suggests time as chaos within a cosmic plan, with people and civilizations as its playthings. Robert V.S. Redick’s Vanishing Point describes time as a trick due to our comprehension of time’s flow. Captain Jean-Luc Picard from Star Trek says, “Time is a companion who reminds us to cherish every moment,” emphasizing its value. David Brin’s Brightness Reef describes time as a cruel judge, punishing even the successful and brilliant. Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships catches time’s frightening nature, darkening human achievements in the vastness of time. Time travel, a major topic of science fiction, is often discussed.H.G. Wells’ 1895 novel The Time Machine ③poses the enduring question of whether moving backward and forward in time is possible. These quotes from science fiction highlight our troubled relationship with time and encourage us to think more deeply about its reality. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了一些科幻小说中对于时间的探究和作者对时间的看法。 5.What is the overall tone of the text?(　　) A.Inquiring. B.Pessimistic. C.Persuasive. D.Definitive. 5 6 7 8 A 解析:推理判断题。第一段中的“When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep exploration of the nature of time.” 暗示了文章是在进行一种探索或询问。接着,文章通过引用多个科幻作品中的观点,展示了人们对时间的不同理解和看法,进一步体现了这种探究的语气。由此可知,文章的整体语调是探究式的。故选A。 6.What can be learned about time from paragraph 2?(　　) A.Time is easy to understand but has a complex nature in science. B.Time is a common concept in daily life well corresponding with scientific reality. C.Daily experiences often go against scientific understandings of time. D.Quantum physics has no impact on our understanding of time. 5 6 7 8 C 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段“The English language frequently employs the noun ‘time’, yet we lack a satisfactory explanation for it. Concerning time, quantum mechanics and daily experiences often contradict each other, suggesting time’s complexity and ambiguous nature. Our mental conception of time may never correspond with its reality in the universe, but this shouldn’t stop us from exploring it.”可知,日常经验常常与科学上对时间的理解相违背。故选C。 5 6 7 8 7.What does Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships emphasize?(　　) A.Time as a companion who reminds us to cherish every moment. B.The insignificance of human successes in the long history of time. C.The possibility to move backward and forward in time at will. D.A false belief due to our comprehension of time’s flow. 5 6 7 8 B 解析:推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships catches time’s frightening nature, darkening human achievements in the vastness of time.”可知,Stephen Baxter的《时间船》强调在漫长的历史长河中,人类的成功微不足道。故选B。 8.What does the text mainly talk about?(　　) A.The history of time and famous quotes in science fiction. B.The definition of time in scientific terms and time travel. C.The relationship between time and daily life. D.The science of time and its exploration in science fiction. 5 6 7 8 D 解析:主旨大意题。根据第一段“When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep exploration of the nature of time. Despite its presence everywhere in daily life, time remains a mystery, with no definitive definition. Our concept of time may be a mental shortcut, a tool for our limited brains to comprehend change.”以及文章主要列举了一些科幻小说中对于时间的探究和作者对时间的看法可知,这篇文章主要讲了科幻小说中的时间科学及其探索。故选D。 5 6 7 8 [语境猜词] ①complexity (派) [complex adj.复杂的+-ity] ②structural (派) [structure n.结构　e→-al] ③pose (转)文章义: [熟义:n.姿势] n.复杂性 adj.结构上的,构造上的 v.提出,引起 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分) 　　(2024·福建泉州一模)A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness. He 　1　 there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help. The touching 　2　 has left many saying their “faith” in humanity has been 　3　.  The madam shared her experience on social media, 　4　 that she was driving out when the man 　5　 her car, clearly trying to send a signal.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 “He shouted ‘you have a flat tyre’.　6　 him immediately, I drove to the nearby 7-Eleven petrol station to pump up (打气) the tyre... but no, it was 　7　 flat,” the madam said.The man and his son noticed she had a baby in the car and 　8　 her to the station. 　9　 she thought they were to fill up petrol but was 　10　 when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 “They didn’t want my baby and me to end up in a(n) 　11　,” she said. “Asking me if I had a 　12　 wheel, Ron got it out of my car and started to change the tyre with his son.”  Saying the family were a 　13　 to the community, she remarked, “Society today makes many of us not want to mind other people’s 　14　 as you never know what would come back to bite you but today I am deeply 　15　.”  [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位女士在社交媒体上分享的经历:她的车胎瘪了,一位陌生男子及其儿子主动帮助她更换轮胎,让她深感人间仍有温暖。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 1.A.spotted B.revealed C.concluded D.forgot 答案:A 解析:spot发现;reveal揭示;conclude得出结论;forget忘记。根据下文“there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help”可知,他发现了车子的问题。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 2.A.idea B.expression C.act D.ceremony 答案:C 解析:idea想法;expression表达;act行为;ceremony仪式。根据上文“He 　1　 there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help.”可知,本空指那位男士帮助女士的具体行为。故选C。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 3.A.lost B.restored C.exercised D.shaken 答案:B 解析:lose失去;restore恢复;exercise练习;shake动摇。根据上文“The touching 　2　has left many saying their ‘faith’ in humanity has been”可知,人们因为这一善举而感到对人性的信任得到了恢复。故选B。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 4.A.predicting B.complaining C.denying D.explaining 答案:D 解析:predict预测;complain抱怨;deny否认;explain解释。根据上文“The madam shared her experience on social media”和下文“she was driving out when the man 　5　 her car, clearly trying to send a signal”可知,她在社交媒体上解释了事情发生的经过。故选D。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 5.A.checked out B.got into C.pointed to D.looked after 答案:C 解析:check out结账离开;get into进入;point to指着;look after照顾。根据下文“her car, clearly trying to send a signal”可知,这里应该是那个男人指着她的车,发出信号告诉这位女士车子出了问题。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 6.A.Contacting B.Noticing C.Thanking D.Recognizing 答案:C 解析:contact联系;notice注意;thank感谢;recognize认出。根据上文“He shouted ‘you have a flat tyre’.”可知,女士听到对方的提醒之后应当是表示感谢。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 7.A.slightly B.completely C.accidentally D.hardly 答案:B 解析:slightly轻微地;completely完全地;accidentally意外地;hardly几乎不。根据上文“you have a flat tyre”“I drove to the nearby 7-Eleven petrol station to pump up the tyre... but no”和下文“flat”可知,轮胎已经无法通过充气来解决问题,说明它是完全瘪了。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 8.A.followed B.walked C.guided D.hurried 答案:A 解析:follow跟随;walk步行;guide引导;hurry急忙。根据下文“she thought they were to fill up petrol but was 　10　 when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知,男士为了确保她的安全,跟随她去了加油站。故选A。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 9.A.Occasionally B.Fortunately C.Eventually D.Initially 答案:D 解析:occasionally偶尔;fortunately幸运地;eventually最终;initially最初。根据下文“she thought they were to fill up petrol but was　10　when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知,最初她以为他们只是来加油的,后来才知道他们是来帮忙的。故选D。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 10.A.puzzled B.astonished C.amused D.panicked 答案:B 解析:puzzled困惑的;astonished惊讶的;amused好笑的;panicked惊慌的。根据上文“she thought they were to fill up petrol”和下文“when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知,最初她以为他们只是来加油的,当男士和他的儿子主动提出帮忙时,她感到非常惊讶。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 11.A.accident B.mess C.conflict D.adventure 答案:A 解析:accident事故;mess混乱;conflict冲突;adventure冒险。根据上文“‘...it was 　7　 flat,’ the madam said.The man and his son noticed she had a baby in the car”可知,这里指的是父子俩不希望女士和孩子发生交通事故。故选A。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 12.A.flat B.fancy C.spare D.unique 答案:C 解析:flat瘪的;fancy花哨的;spare备用的;unique独特的。根据下文“Ron got it out of my car and started to change the tyre with his son”可知,Ron问这位女士是否有备用轮胎,下文讲到他帮这位女士换上了轮胎。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 13.A.blessing B.relief C.sadness D.joy 答案:A 解析:blessing祝福,幸事;relief解脱;sadness悲伤;joy喜悦。根据上文“A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness. He 　1　 there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help.”可知,这里指的是这个家庭的行为给社区带来了积极的影响,她认为这个家庭是社区的福气。故选A。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 14.A.belongings B.business C.privacy D.steps 答案:B 解析:belongings财产;business事情;privacy隐私;step步骤。根据上文“Society today makes many of us not want to mind other people’s”可知,许多人不想管别人的事。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 15.A.anxious B.content C.regretful D.grateful 答案:D 解析:anxious焦虑的;content满足的;regretful后悔的;grateful感激的。根据上文“A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness”和“but today I am deeply”可知,这里指的是她对他们的帮助感到感激。故选D。 $$