选修3 UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版）

UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 主题语境　环境保护 选择性必修第三册 单元主题· 创意背记 背诵默写本 板块一　词句背诵 ◆重难点词汇 四级词汇 dozen n.[C](一)打,十二个;十几个;[pl.]许多 　two dozen bottles of orange juice两打瓶装橙汁 　dozens of很多;许多 frequently adv.频繁地,经常(frequent adj.频繁的　frequency n.频繁;频率) fossil n.[C]化石;[非正式用语]老顽固 fuel n.[C]&[U]燃料;[U]刺激性言行 vt.& vi.(给交通工具)加油 vt.增加;刺激;给……提供燃料 fossil fuel化石燃料(如煤、石油等) 　fuel (up) a car给车加油 policy n.[C]&[U]政策,方针;原则;[C]保险单 release vt.排放,释放;首映(电影),发行(CD、书等),发布(新闻等) n.[U][可用单数]释放;解脱;发行,发布 　release...from...从……中放出…… worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的;影响全世界的 三级词汇 broadcast vt.& vi.(broadcast,broadcast/broadcasted)广播,播送;传播 n.[C]广播节目,电视节目 　a live broadcast现场直播 campaign n.[C](政治、商业、社会)运动;(宣传)活动;战役 vt.& vi.参加运动;领导运动 　launch a campaign发起一项运动 conservation n.[U](对环境、文物等)保护;保持(conservative adj.保守的,守旧的　conserve v.保护,保存;节省,节约) 　the conservation of old buildings对古建筑的保护 fine vt.对……处以罚款 n.[C]罚金;罚款 　fine sb.for sth.因某事罚某人款 　pay a heavy/large fine付巨额罚款 nuclear adj.原子能的,核能的;核心的;原子核的 　nuclear energy/weapons/fuels核能/核武器/核燃料 　a nuclear family(仅由父母和子女组成的)核心家庭;小家庭 seize vt.把握(时机等);抓住(grab);夺取,占领,控制 　seize an opportunity抓住一次机会 　seize sb.by the arm抓住某人的胳膊 sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的(sensible adj.明智的;合理的　sense n.意义;感觉官能 vt.感觉到;察觉到) 　be sensitive to对……敏感 trend n.[C]趋势,趋向,动向;时尚 二级词汇 annual adj.每年的,年度的,一年的 n.[C]年刊,年鉴 　an annual income年收入 　an annual report/meeting年度报告/年会 enterprise n.[C]企业,公司;事业;[U]事业心,进取心 　a state⁃owned enterprise国有企业 garbage n.[U]废物,垃圾 　a garbage can垃圾箱 harmonious adj.和谐的;协调的;和睦的 (harmony n.和谐　harmoniously adv.和谐地) inspection n.[U]&[C]检查,查看;视察(inspect vt.检查;视察;检阅　inspector n.检察员,督察员) melt vi.& vt.(使)融化;(使)熔化;(使)软化 reform n.[C]&[U]改革;变革;改良 vt.改革 vt.& vi.(使)悔改;(使)改正,改造 regulation n.[C]规章制度,规则,法规,章程[regulate v.(用规则条例)控制,管理] restore vt.恢复;修复;使复原 restrict vt.限定,束缚,限制,约束 　restrict one’s freedom限制某人的自由 restriction n.[C]限制规定,限制法规;[U]约束 　import/speed restrictions进口/速度限制 starve vt.& vi.(使)挨饿,饿死 (starvation n.饥饿;饿死) starve to death饿死 submit vt.提交,呈递 vt.& vi.[正式用语](使)屈服;(使)服从 [submission n.提交(物);呈递(书);屈服] 　submit an application呈递申请书 sustainable adj.可持续的;合理利用的;不破坏环境的 　sustainable development可持续发展 sustain vt.维持;[正式用语]遭受;承受住 undergo vt.(underwent,undergone)经历,经受(变化、不快等) volume n.[C]&[U]量;体积;[C](成套书籍中的)一卷,一册;[U]音量 footprint n.[C]足迹;(某物所占的)空间量,面积 一级词汇 agenda n.[C]议程表,议事日程 chaos n.[U]混乱,杂乱,紊乱,一团糟 　in chaos一片混乱 comprehensive adj.全面的,全部的,所有的,详尽的;综合(性)的 n.[C]综合中学 　a comprehensive review/study全面的审查/研究 ecology n.[U]生态;生态学 [ecological adj.生态(学)的;关注生态环境的　ecologist n.生态学家] smog n.[U]& [C]烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物);雾霾 tolerate vt.忍受,容许,包容(tolerant adj.宽容的,容忍的　tolerance n.容忍) disposal n.[U]处理,去掉,清除(dispose v.处理;放置) emission n.[U]排放;[C]排放物;散发物(emit v.排放,散发;发行) ◆短语与词块 1.on behalf of代表(代替)某人 2.have an impact on对……产生影响 3.cause damage to对……造成损害 4.refer to提及,涉及,指的是 5.in effect在实施中;实际上 6.be trapped in the atmosphere被困在大气层中 7.in chaos混乱;纷乱 8.amounts of大量的 9.set up strict regulations制定严格的规则 10.garbage disposal methods垃圾处理方法 11.one of the most well⁃known tourist destinations最著名的旅游目的地之一 12.head towards a clean and sustainable future朝着一个清洁的、可持续的未来迈进 ◆句式表达 1.句式:There is little/no doubt that... There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).毫无疑问,地球正变得越来越温暖(见图表)。 2.句式:that引导的同位语从句 The“natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short⁃wave radiation.“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层,使地表变暖。 3.句式:含蓄虚拟语气 Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.如果没有这一过程,地球就无法维系生命。 4.句式:“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.以往,漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏,一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。 5.句式:it is believed that... With these measures,it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.有了这些举措,相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。 板块二　默写练习 Ⅰ.核心词块 1. in one’s mouth 入口即化 2. the of the area 该地区的生态 3. the data 发布这些资料 4. a guide to the region 该地区的综合指南 5. economic 经济趋势 6. in a television 在一个电视节目中 melt ecology release comprehensive trends broadcast 7. a document 政策文件 8. the number of students 限定学生的数量 9. the opportunity 抓住机会 10. in a large 在一个大盆里 11. in education 教育改革 12. be as early as possible尽早提交 13. an meeting年会 14. a very issue 一个特别敏感的问题 policy restrict seize basin reforms submitted annual sensitive 15. turn the up/down 把音量调大/小 16. collection 垃圾收集 17. public confidence恢复公众信心 18. wildlife 野生生物保护 19. pay a 交罚款 20. conduct a 开展一场运动 21. at the top of the 当务之急 22. each other’s little mistakes 容忍彼此的小错误 volume garbage restore conservation fine campaign agenda tolerate Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1. vt.维持;遭受;承受住→ adj.可持续的; 合理利用的 2. adv.频繁地;经常→ adj.频繁的 → n.频繁;频率 3. vt.限制;限定;束缚→ n.限制规定;限制 法规;约束→ adj.限制性的;约束性的 4. adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的→ adj. 明智的;合理的→ n.意义;感官 vt.感觉到;察觉到 sustain sustainable frequently frequent frequency restrict restriction restrictive sensitive sensible sense 5. n.(对环境、文物等)保护;保持 → adj.保守的;守旧的→ v.保护;保存; 节省;节约 6. n.检查;查看;视察→ vt.检查;视察;检 阅→ n.检察员;督察员 7. vt.忍受;包容;容许→ adj.宽容的;容忍的 → n.容忍 conservation conservative conserve inspection inspect inspector tolerate tolerant tolerance 结合语境变形单词 8. What shocked the scientists was that many seals died from ________ ⁠ (starve) because they couldn’t find enough food to eat. 9. A ⁠ society means that human beings can live in ⁠ ____________with each other.(harmony) 10. The final date for the ⁠ is this Saturday and you should ⁠ ________ your report before the deadline.(submit) starvation harmonious harmony submission submit Ⅲ.重点短语 1. be left to 等着饿死  2. end 在混乱中结束  3. my colleagues 代表我的同事们  4. economic plans 几十项经济计划  5. the developing child 对成长中的孩子产生 影响   starve to death in chaos on behalf of dozens of have an impact on 根据语境完成句子 6. To do this I have searched through (众多的剧 本) to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.  7. The rescue crew worked around the clock to save those ⁠ (被困在废墟中的人).  8. (实际上),half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century.  dozens of plays who were trapped in the ruins In effect 9. After the accident, (她从未再 提及他).  10. Experts say the building of the reservoir may ⁠ (对本地生态系统造成破坏).  she never referred to him again cause damage to the local ecosystem Ⅳ.句式仿写 1. 毫无疑问,教育是一个我们应该多加重视的问题。(doubt) education is a problem we should attach more importance to.  2. 如果没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。(含蓄虚拟语气) Without your instruction,_____________________________________ . 3. (2022·全国甲卷)人们相信,在我们的共同努力下,未来我们可以 拥有更干净的海洋。(It is believed that...) ⁠, we can have cleaner oceans in the future.  There is no doubt that I would not have made such great progress It is believed that with our joint efforts 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死→ n.饥饿;饿死 (1)starve to death饿死 (2)starve for渴望……;极需要…… starve to do sth.渴望做某事 (3)be starving for sth./to do sth.渴望某事/做某事 同义短语:be thirsty/hungry/eager/desperate for sth./to do sth. starvation ①With the serious drought, people in this area faced increased risk of ⁠ (starve) and disease. ②Penniless and starving, the child stood near the road begging for a meal. Otherwise he would have starved ⁠ death.  ③尽管我害羞胆小,但我还是渴望有机会展现自己的才华。(个人 成长) Shy and timid as I am, I’m ___________________________________ . starvation to starving for a chance to show my talent 身无分文,饥肠辘辘 ⁠ 2.seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制 seize sb. by the arm抓住某人的胳膊 表示情感的名词+seize sb.某人感到…… ①The traffic policeman seized the driver ⁠ the arm and intended to fine him. ②我强烈建议你抓住这个宝贵的机会提高你的英语口语。(建 议信) I strongly recommend that ____________________________________ ____________________________ . ③终于轮到我了。一种既恐惧又兴奋的感觉攫住了我。(情感 描写) My turn finally came . ________________________________________. ⁠ ⁠ you (should) seize the precious chance to improve your oral English by A mixed feeling of fear and excitement seized me 3.submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服→ n.提交(物);呈递(书);屈服 submit sth. to sb. 将某物提交给某人 submit (oneself) to屈从于…… submission ①Do keep in mind the final date for the ⁠ (submit) of the proposal. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)An essay not ⁠(submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. submission submitted ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)大卫擦掉眼泪,昂起头,坚定地说道:“我不会 屈从于其他人的看法。” David wiped his tears and held his head high,remarking determinedly, “ ⁠.”  ④对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关 资料。(通知) Those who are interested in the summer camp must ⁠ ⁠ by May 15.  I won’t submit (myself) to others’ thoughts submit the applications and relevant materials (1)tolerate (sb./sb.’s) doing sth. 忍受(某人)做某事 (2)be tolerant of/towards sb./sth. 容忍/宽容某人/某事 4.tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许→ n.宽恕;忍耐;容忍 → adj.忍耐的;宽容的 tolerance tolerant ①Although some people may find it difficult ⁠ certain behaviors, a truly ⁠ society strives to understand and accept diversity in all its forms.(tolerate)  ②I can’t tolerate ⁠(work) with my partner any more, who is frequently talking to me while I am working. ③我的朋友简是一个非常宽容的人,她能够接受并尊重不同的观 点,即使这些观点与她自己的不同。(人物介绍) My friend Jane ___________________________________________ ____________________even if they differ from her own.(定语从句) to tolerate tolerant working is a very tolerant person who can accept and respect different viewpoints   5.含蓄虚拟语气 [教材原句]　Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.如 果没有这一过程,地球就无法维系生命。 (1)“without/but for+名词”相当于if引导的虚拟条件句,主句用虚拟 语气,表示所说内容与事实相反。 (2)除了without和but for, otherwise、but、or 等也可用来表达含蓄 虚拟语气。 ①是我的老师帮我摆脱了困境。如果没有他的帮助,我不可能这 么轻松地应付过去。(感谢信) It was my teacher who/that helped me out. Without his help,_________ _________________________________ . ②我的英语老师耐心地鼓励和指导我,否则我不会在这次英语写 作比赛中获得第一名。 My English teacher encouraged and instructed me patiently _________ ___________________________________________________ . I couldn’t have managed it so easily or I would not have won first prize in this English writing competition Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1. The moment I saw my father’s cloudy face, panic ⁠ (seize) me. 2. Let’s take measures and make joint efforts to create a green and ⁠ ___________(harmony) environment. 3. I don’t doubt ⁠ a friendly environment is of great importance to us all. seized harmonious that 4. Show your ⁠ (tolerate) to your neighbors and you will have a good relationship with them in the new community. 5. Jane was sensitive ⁠ emotional problems and it was difficult for her to handle the problems properly. 6. Because of the limited space, we have no choice but to restrict the number of students per class ⁠ 10. tolerance to to 7. To enhance people’s awareness of ⁠(conserve) of cultural relics, a lecture will be given in the city hall this Friday afternoon. 8. There is no doubt that these children whose parents died in the disaster starve ⁠ love. 9. The name and telephone number of the cartoonist must be included in the ⁠ (submit). 10. On behalf ⁠ our school, I appeal to each student to take regular exercise to keep physically and mentally healthy. conservation for submission of Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1. 毋庸置疑,环境污染日益严重。 ⁠ the environmental pollution is getting increasingly serious.  2. 我代表学生会提出建议,我们学生应该为环境保护作出一些 贡献。 the Student Union,____________________________ _________________________________________________________. There is no doubt that On behalf of I make a proposal that we students should make some contributions to environmental conservation 3. 我们发起了一项名为“绿色校园,低碳生活”的活动。欢迎渴望为 绿色校园作出贡献的人参加这个活动。 We have launched a campaign named “Green campus, low⁃carbon life”. Anyone who ⁠ ⁠ is welcome to participate in it.  is starving/starves to make a contribution to a green campus 4. 当被困在船底好几个小时,我全身充满了震惊和恐惧,直到疲倦 最终取代了恐惧,我睡着了。(心理描写) While ⁠, shock and fear ran through my body until tiredness finally took over my fear and I fell asleep.   5. 我坚信,经过我们的共同努力,我们将很快打造一个和谐、低碳 的校园。 I firmly believe that with our joint efforts, ⁠ ⁠.   I was trapped in the bottom of the boat for hours we will soon create a harmonious and low⁃carbon campus Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1.The seal on the box broke when it fell from its hiding place. 生义:_______ 熟义:n.海豹 2.Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. 生义:___________ 熟义:n.燃料 n.封口 vt.激发,刺激 3.release A.vt.排放 B.vt.发泄,宣泄 C.vt.释放　 D.vt.发行,上映 (1)The new film will be released this Sunday in the downtown cinema. ___ (2)Physical exercise is a good way of releasing stress. ___ (3)The kind girl finally released the bird from the cage. ___ (4)The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty. __ D B C A 4.moderate A.adj.中等的,适度的 B.adj.温和的　 C.v.约束 D.v.缓和 (1)By evening the wind had moderated slightly. ___ (2)The article was moderate in tone and presented both sides of the case. ___ (3)(2022·浙江6月卷)Moderate effort produces the best result. ___ (4)We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate our actions if we hope to live in balance. ___ D B A C 培优2　单元话题写作——垃圾分类与保护环境 　　根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 　　① (代表) the Student Union, I call on us students to take an active part in the movement (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:② ), whose theme is classifying garbage. ③____________ _________________________________________________________________________(毫无疑问,垃圾分类有益于对环境的保护). On behalf of campaign There is little/no doubt that classifying garbage is beneficial to the conservation of the environment Up to now, ④ (许多) restrictions and regulations have been carried out (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:⑤ ) to make our relationship with nature more ⑥ (harmony).In a word, if waste disposal is well dealt with, our environment will ⑦ __________ (restore).  dozens of implemented harmonious be restored 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [动作描写]　melt;release;fuel;seize;undergo;restore; starve;sustain;submit [情感描写]　sensitive;tolerant 美句 1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.(环境描写) 2.A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.(环境描写) 3.In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. (情感描写) 美句 4.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.(主旨升华) 5.The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well⁃known tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.(环境描写) Step 2　语料运用　【情感描写之悲伤、沮丧、孤独】 　　作为一个敏感的女孩,海伦不能忍受在陌生环境中的孤独。沉重的学习压力进一步加剧了她的困境。由于不知道如何释放自己的情绪,她正经历着一段痛苦的时光,她被极度的悲伤攫住了。 　 Being a sensitive girl, Helen couldn’t tolerate being lonely in the unfamiliar surroundings.Heavy study pressure further fueled her dilemma.① __________________________ __________(分词短语作状语), she was undergoing a painful time and ② ______________________________. Not knowing how to release her emotions she was seized by extreme sorrow 她渴望摆脱这种令人窒息的境况。幸运的是,班长的关爱和支持使她度过了那段困难时期。渐渐地,海伦恢复了信心,下定决心不向任何困难屈服。她内心的孤独最终消融了,她的脸上露出了快乐的笑容。 ③________________________________ ___________________.Luckily, the monitor’s care and support sustained her through the difficult period.Gradually, Helen restored her confidence,④________ _________________________________ (形容词短语作状语).Her inner loneliness finally melted away, ⑤______________ __________________(独立主格结构作状语).  She was starving/starved to get rid of the choking situation not to submit (herself) to any difficulties determined a happy smile brightening her face 语料积累 【动作细节描写:看(一)】 单词 look;see;witness;spot;read;study;eye;watch;view;stare;glare; peer;gaze 词块 come into view/sight 进入视野;lock one’s eyes on 盯着; fix/focus one’s eyes on 注视;glance at/around/back/up/down 瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看;take/cast a glance at... 向……看一眼;catch a glimpse of 瞥见;gape at 目瞪口呆地凝 视;eyes widen 瞪大眼睛;peep at/through 偷看;steal a glance at 偷偷瞥一眼 句型 It was too dark to read our map and we took a wrong turning. 太黑看不清地图,所以我们转错了弯。 When I approached the old house, a big leafy tree came into view in the distance. 当我走近那幢老房子时,远处有一棵枝繁叶茂的大树映入眼帘。 He couldn’t help eyeing the cakes hungrily. 他饥不可耐地盯着蛋糕。 When James came out and spotted the box, his eyes widened in surprise. 当詹姆斯出来看到盒子时,他惊讶地瞪大了眼睛。 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A 　　(2024·江苏南京、盐城二模)Across the world,humans purchase around 1.3 billion single⁃use plastic water bottles a day.Because only about 9% of plastic is recycled,the vast majority of those bottles ③wind up in ①landfills,the ocean,or elsewhere in nature. 　　When beach⁃loving Madison noticed those plastic bottles during her family’s trips to California,the then 12⁃year⁃old girl “just felt like this needed to be changed”,she told Smithsonian Magazine. So as she began thinking about what to do for her school ④science fair back in 2021,the idea of a project centered on reducing plastic pollution quickly came to her mind:She would design an ②eatable water bottle called the Eco⁃Hero. 　　“One of my biggest ambitions for my project was wanting to help the world,” the confident young inventor said in a video on the website. To bring her idea to life,Madison built upon the already established method by experimenting with common food materials.She also took inspiration from previous versions of eatable water bottles,though she focused on making hers bigger and more durable.She found that the combination of water,lemon juice,natural gum,and alginic acid (褐藻酸) resulted in a gel pouch that wouldn’t break,could hold up to 3/4 cup of water,and would last in the fridge for three weeks. Though she’d like to improve the Eco⁃Hero by making it able to hold more water,she believes her current version would work well as a replacement for the paper cups used by runners in races.All one needs to do is bite a hole in the water ball,drink the water,and then eat the pouch or throw it away to biodegrade.Madison hopes the Eco⁃Hero inspires others to take better care of the planet.“It doesn’t necessarily have to be in a big way,” she told Smithsonian Magazine.“People can still make a difference in the world,even if it’s just in a small way.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。在发现很多塑料瓶未被循环利用时,当时12岁的Madison设计了由水、柠檬汁、天然树胶和褐藻酸制成的可食用凝胶袋以减少塑料污染的问题。她希望用自己的行动激励人们更好地照顾地球,为世界作出贡献。 1 2 3 4 1.What inspired Madison’s design of an eatable water bottle?(　　) A.Her school’s task. B.Her family’s urge. C.Her love for nature. D.Her trips to the beach. D 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段的描述可知,是Madison去海滩的旅行激发了她的可食用水瓶的设计。故选D。 1 2 3 4 2.What can we know about the Eco⁃Hero?(　　) A.It is a copy of the previous versions. B.It is made from unbreakable materials. C.It is an improvement in size and durability. D.It has a hole and should be disposed once used. C 解析:细节理解题。根据第五段中的“though she focused on making hers...in the fridge for three weeks”可知,Eco⁃Hero在容量和耐用性方面有了改进。故选C。 1 2 3 4 3.Which of the following words can best describe Madison?(　　) A.Ambitious and creative. B.Talented and determined. C.Courageous and confident. D.Cooperative and committed. A 1 2 3 4 解析:推理判断题。Madison设计了可食用凝胶袋,由此可知,她富有创造力;由第四段可知,Madison的最大抱负之一就是想帮助世界;由最后一段可知,她认为人们可以改变这个世界,即使只是在一个小的方面。由此可推知,Madison既有创造力又有雄心大志。故选A。 1 2 3 4 4.What can we learn from the text?(　　) A.A good beginning is half done. B.Small people make big moves. C.Where there is a will,there is a way. D.Every coin has two sides. B 解析:推理判断题。本文主要讲述了当时才12岁的Madison设计了可食用凝胶袋以减少塑料污染的问题。 [语境猜词] ①landfill (合) [land n.陆地;土地+fill v.装满 n.填满……的量] ②eatable (派) [eat v.吃+⁃able ] ③wind up ______________________________________ ④science fair __________ n.废物填埋地(或场) adj.可以吃的 结束,终结 (将某事物带到一个结束的状态)  科学展览 B 　　(2025·甘肃兰州诊断考试)The oceans play a crucial role in ①lightening global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.However,in a study conducted by the University of Texas at Austin, researchers found that the oceans’ capacity to absorb carbon dioxide would reach its maximum by 2100 and decrease to half of its current efficiency by 2300,based on a climate simulation (模拟) that was set for a worst⁃case emissions scenario (设想). The decline happens because of a surface layer of low⁃alkalinity (碱度) water that can hinder the ability of the oceans to absorb CO2.Alkalinity affects how much CO2 can dissolve in seawater. Although the emissions scenario used in the study is unlikely because of global efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions,the findings reveal a previously unknown tipping point that if ②activated would release an important brake on global warming. “We need to think about these worst⁃case scenarios to understand how our CO2 emissions might affect the oceans not just this century,but next century and the following centuries.Climate simulations had previously shown that the oceans slow their absorption of CO2 over time,but none had considered alkalinity as an explanation.We recalculated pieces of a 450⁃year simulation until we ③hit on alkalinity as a key cause of the slowing,” said Megumi Chikamoto,who led the research at the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics. The effect begins with extreme climate change,which slows ocean currents.This leaves the surface of the oceans covered in a warm layer of fresh water that won’t mix easily with the cooler,more alkaline water below it.That means more of the greenhouse gas is left in the atmosphere.This in turn produces faster warming,which sustains and strengthens the low⁃alkalinity surface layer.Co⁃author,Pedro DiNezio,said that the discovery was a powerful reminder that the world needs to reduce its CO2 emissions to avoid crossing this and other tipping points. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。在未来,海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力的下降会导致全球变暖。 5.What may happen after the year 2300?(　　) A.More CO2 will be absorbed by the oceans. B.The oceans will lose all their current efficiency. C.The world will face even more severe warming. D.The oceans will be less crucial to global warming. 5 6 7 8 C 解析:推理判断题。根据题目中的2300可以定位到第一段中的“researchers found that the oceans’ capacity...decrease to half of its current efficiency by 2300”可知,到2300年,海洋吸收二氧化碳的效率将降低一半,再由上文中的“The oceans play a crucial role in lightening global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.”可知,海洋通过吸收二氧化碳在减缓全球变暖方面起着至关重要的作用。由此可知,一旦海洋吸收二氧化碳的效率降低,全球变暖问题将更严重。故选C项。 5 6 7 8 6.What does the underlined word “hinder” in paragraph 2 probably mean?(　　) A.Improve.　　　　　　 B.Weaken. C.Protect. D.Control. 5 6 7 8 B 解析:词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句的结构可知,“that can hinder the ability of...CO2”为定语从句,先行词为“a surface layer of low⁃alkalinity water”,再由“The decline happens”可知,海洋表层的低碱度海水应该是能够削弱海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力。故hinder意为“削弱”,即weaken,故选B。 7.What does Megumi Chikamoto say about the oceans?(　　) A.Finding why they slow CO2 intake is hard. B.Their ability to absorb CO2 is at their maximum. C.They will decide on the future of human beings. D.They will slow down CO2 absorption very quickly. 5 6 7 8 A 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Climate simulations had previously shown...none had considered alkalinity as an explanation.”可知,以前的气候模拟只是表明海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力随着时间的推移在减弱,但是没有一个人考虑到是碱度的原因。由此可知,Megumi Chikamoto应谈到查明为什么海洋降低二氧化碳的吸收很困难。故选A。 5 6 7 8 8.Where is this text probably taken from?(　　) A.A biology textbook. B.A government report. C.Science fiction. D.An environmental journal. 5 6 7 8 D 解析:文章出处题。文章主要介绍了海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力对气候变暖的影响,与自然环境紧密相关,故文章有可能来自一本环境期刊,故选D。 [语境猜词] ①lighten (派) [light n.光 adj.充满亮光的+⁃en] ②activate (派) [active adj.积极的, 活跃的;起作用的　e→⁃ate] ③hit on _____________________________________ v.减轻 v.使运作;使起作用;激活 突然想到(一个好主意),偶然想到(妙点) 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分) 　　(2024·广东梅州一模)Dawn Loggins didn’t have a typical senior year. Back in 2012, Loggins was waking up early to get to school to put in a before⁃school 　1　 as a janitor (清洁工).  Before the rest of her peers 　2　 school, Loggins was cleaning bathrooms, scrubbing floors, and 　3　 down the very desks she would 　4　 later in the day as a student. After 7 hours at school, Loggins didn’t get to 　5　 home to enjoy an after⁃school snack or downtime either.　6　 , she clocked back in for another two⁃hour time on janitorial duty.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 “I don’t mind cleaning,” Loggins said.“If you have to walk through trash to get to your desk, you’re not going to have an environment that 　7　 learning.”  While the teen was clearly hard⁃working, it wasn’t immediately obvious to school officials how badly Loggins 　8　 the financial support her job provided, until she asked her boss for 　9　 one day. The reason? Without electricity at home.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 Even more shocking, while Loggins was at summer school, she 　10　 calling home, only to find the phones had been 　11　 and her parents had moved away—without her. And she became 　12　. When the school realized the extent of the neglect Loggins had been living with, they surrounded her with 　13　. The community took her in, providing her with housing, food and clothing and helping her to apply for college.  And the efforts 　14　: Loggins was accepted into Harvard University. Today she works as a motivational speaker, speaking to 　15　 that include education, homelessness, and women and youth empowerment.  [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。Dawn Loggins是一个非常努力的学生,尽管生活条件不好,但通过学校和社区的帮助,她成功被哈佛大学录取,并成为一个激励他人的演说家。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 1.A.gift B.shift C.practice D.study 答案:B 解析:gift礼物;shift轮班;practice练习;study学习。根据“as a janitor”可知,Dawn Loggins很早起床去学校,在课前作为清洁工值班。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 2.A.forced into B.fit into C.fell into D.rolled into 答案:D 解析:force into强迫进入;fit into适应;fall into掉入;roll into进入,到达。根据“Before the rest of her peers”可知,在其他同学进入学校之前,Loggins已经在打扫洗手间、擦地板、擦桌子了。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 3.A.wiping B.falling C.dropping D.welling 答案:A 解析:wipe擦拭;fall落下;drop丢下;well涌出。根据“was cleaning bathrooms, scrubbing floors”可知,此处与上文构成并列关系,即在其他同学进入学校之前,Loggins已经在打扫洗手间、擦地板、擦桌子。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 4.A.equip B.occupy C.make D.bother 答案:B 解析:equip装备;occupy占据;make制造;bother打扰。根据“in the day as a student”可知,Loggins就已经在学校打扫卫生、擦地板,并且擦拭她后来作为学生要坐(占据)的桌子。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 5.A.come B.lead C.head D.leave 答案:C 解析:come来;lead领导;head前往;leave离开。根据“she clocked back in for another two⁃hour time on janitorial duty”可知,Loggins放学后没有立刻回家。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 6.A.Therefore B.Instead C.However D.Besides 答案:B 解析:therefore因此;instead相反;however然而;besides除了……。根据“Loggins didn’t get to 　5　 home to enjoy an after⁃school snack or downtime either”可知,在学校待了7个小时后,Loggins没有回家享受放学后的零食或休息时间,相反,她又打卡回去做了两个小时的清洁工作。故选B。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 7.A.encourages B.happens C.appoints D.troubles 答案:A 解析:encourage鼓励;happen发生;appoint任命;trouble打扰。根据“If you have to walk through trash to get to your desk”可知,Loggins认为,如果必须穿过垃圾才能到达课桌,那你就不会有一个鼓励学习的环境。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 8.A.used B.spent C.cost D.needed 答案:D 解析:use使用;spend花费;cost花费;need需要。根据“the financial support”可知,学校领导并没有立即看出Loggins迫切需要她的工作提供的经济支持。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 9.A.candles B.toys C.lights D.sweets 答案:A 解析:candle蜡烛;toy玩具;light灯;sweet糖果。根据“Without electricity at home.”可知,因为家里没电,所以Loggins向她的老板要蜡烛。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 10.A.finished B.delayed C.considered D.tried 答案:D 解析:finish完成;delay延迟;consider考虑;try尝试。根据“calling home”可知,Loggins在暑期学校的时候,她试着给家里打电话。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 11.A.disconnected B.stolen C.spoiled D.misguided 答案:A 解析:disconnect切断;steal偷;spoil宠溺;misguide误导。根据“her parents had moved away—without her”可知,Loggins的父母搬家没有带上她,因此应是电话被切断了。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 12.A.sick B.blind C.lonely D.homeless 答案:D 解析:sick生病的;blind盲的;lonely孤独的;homeless无家可归的。根据“her parents had moved away—without her”可知,她的父母也搬走了——没有带她,所以她无家可归。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 13.A.hope B.advice C.support D.courage 答案:C 解析:hope希望;advice建议;support支持;courage勇气。根据“The community took her in, providing her with housing, food and clothing and helping her to apply for college.”可知,社区接纳了她,为她提供住房、食物和衣服,并帮助她申请大学,故上文信息与此并列,提出学校为她提供支持。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 14.A.came true B.counted on C.paid off D.let out 答案:C 解析:come true实现;count on依靠;pay off取得成功;let out放出。根据“Loggins was accepted into Harvard University.”可知,这些付出得到了回报。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 15.A.matters B.issues C.challenges D.problems 答案:B 解析:matter事情;issue问题;challenge挑战;problem问题。根据“that include education, homelessness, and women and youth empowerment”可知,她是一名励志演说家,就教育、无家可归、妇女和青年赋权等问题发表演讲。故选B。 $$