选修3 UNIT 1 ART-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版）

选择性必修第三册 UNIT 1　ART 主题语境　文学与艺术 单元主题· 创意背记 背诵默写本 板块一　词句背诵 ◆重难点词汇 四级词汇 exhibition n.[U]展览;[C](BrE)展览品;[sing.](技能、感情或行为的)表演 (exhibit v.展示;陈列;展览) 　put sth.on exhibition展出某物 fond adj.喜爱;[只用于名词前]深情的,温情的 　be fond of喜欢,喜爱 　a fond look/farewell慈爱的目光/深情的道别 guarantee vt.保证,确保,担保;提供(产品)保修单;肯定……必然发生 n.[C]保证;保修单;担保物 purchase vt.[正式用语]购买;采购;(以努力等)换得 n.[U]&[C][正式用语]购买;[C]购买的东西 　purchase and sale买卖 三级词汇 artistic adj.艺术的;艺术家的(artist n.艺术家　art n.艺术) convey vt.表达,传递(思想、感情等);[正式用语]运送,运输,传送 criticise vi.& vt.评价,批评,批判,指责(criticism n.批评,指责;评论　critic n.批评家　critical adj.批判性的;关键的) decline n.[C]&[U](数量、价格、质量等的)减少,下降;衰退,衰落 vi.减少,下降,衰退 vi.& vt.[正式用语]谢绝,婉言拒绝 　the economic decline经济衰退 entry n.[C]&[U]进入;[U]参与,加入;进入权;[C]入口处;参赛作品(enter v.进入;登记) investment n.[C]投资额,投资物;[U]投资;[C]&[U](时间、精力的)投入 (invest v.投资) noble adj.崇高的;贵族的,高贵的;宏伟的 n.[C]贵族成员;出身高贵的人 　a noble mind/soul崇高的思想/高尚的心灵 outer adj.外表的,外边的,外围的 photography n.[U]摄影,照相术[photographer n.摄影师　photograph n.照片 vt.(为……)拍照] recognition n.[U]承认;认出,识别;赞誉(recognize vt.辨别出;承认;公认) reputation n.[C]&[U]名声,名誉 　gain/earn a good reputation as赢得……美誉 二级词汇 breakthrough n.[C]突破,重大进展/发现 　make a great scientific breakthrough取得科学上的重大突破 civil adj.[只用于名词前]国民的,民用的,民事的,公民的;有礼貌的 　civil rights民权 contemporary adj.当代的,现代的;属同时期的,同时代的 n.[C]同代人,同辈人 　contemporary literature/writers当代文学/作家 emerge vi.& vt.浮现,出现;(事实等)显露,暴露;兴起 expansion n.[C]&[U]扩大,扩张,扩展(expand v.扩展;扩大;细谈) humanity n.[U]人性;人道;仁慈;[统称]人类 ink n.[C]&[U]墨水,墨汁,油墨 memorial n.[C]纪念碑(或像等);[sing.]纪念物,纪念品 adj.纪念的,悼念的[memory n.记忆力;记忆　memorize/memorise vt.记住] primitive adj.原始的,远古的;发展水平低的;简陋的;落后的 n.文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品) rank n.[U]&[C]级别,地位;军衔;[C]行列;(团体或组织的)成员 　a painter of the first rank一流的画家 　a man of rank有地位的人 realistic adj.逼真的;现实的,实际的(real adj.真的,真实的　really adv.真实地,确实　reality n.真实,现实,事实) 　a realistic novel现实主义小说 　a realistic plan切实可行的计划 representative adj.典型的,有代表性的 n.[C]代表,代理人(represent vt.代表,象征;描绘) sculpture n.[C]&[U]雕像,雕刻品;[U]雕刻术,雕塑术(sculptor n.雕刻家) sunrise n.[U]日出 visual adj.视觉的,视力的(vision n.视力,视觉) worthy adj.[不用于名词前]值得……的;[只用于名词前][正式用语]值得敬重的;有价值的 　be worthy of值得 一级词汇 client n.[C]委托人,当事人;顾客,客户 dimension n.[C]维;[常用复数]规模,范围;方面,侧面 　a model in three dimensions三维模型 humble adj.卑微的,虚心的,谦逊的;地位低下的 influential adj.有很大影响力的,有支配力的(influence n.& vt.影响) permanent adj.永久的,永恒的,长久的 　a permanent job固定工作 precise adj.精确的,准确的,确切的;(人)细心的,精细的 　a precise worker一丝不苟的工作者 　a precise record of events对事件的准确记载 precisely adv.准确地,的确如此,精确地,确切地;恰好 subjective adj.主观(上)的;个人的(反objective) subsequent adj.[正式用语]之后的,随后的,后来的 symphony n.[C]交响乐,交响曲 mythology n.[C]&[U]神话;虚幻的想法 ◆短语与词块 1.in particular尤其;特别 2.set apart from使与众不同;使突出;使优于…… 3.bring ...to life赋予……生命;使……鲜活起来 4.be in store (for sb.)将要发生(在某人身上) 5.concentrate on全神贯注于 6.look like看起来像 7.seek to do sth.试图做某事 8.fail to do sth.未能做某事 9.shift from...to...从……转为…… 10.attempt to do sth.试图做某事 11.be intended to do sth.旨在做某事;目的是做某事 12.adopt a more humanistic attitude to life对生活采取更人性化的态度 ◆句式表达 1.句式:动词不定式短语作表语 During the Middle Ages,the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.中世纪时期,西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。 2.句式:while引导让步状语从句 While his paintings still had religious themes,they showed real people in a real environment.尽管他的绘画仍是宗教主题,但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。 3.句式:主语+be+形容词+动词不定式 Finally,most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.最后,大多数顾客想要的是看起来漂亮且有趣的绘画。 4.句式:not just...but (also)... He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects,but their inner warmth and humanity as well.他试图既展示主题人物的外在形象,又展现其内在的温暖和人性。 5.句式:表语前置 Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty.同样十分重要的(看点)是一组近百件商代青铜器藏品。 板块二　默写练习 Ⅰ.核心词块 1. beliefs 原始的信仰 2. make/achieve a 做出/取得突破性进展 3. earn/build a 赢得/树立声誉 4. people of high social 社会地位很高的人 5. price 采购价格 6. a true picture 真相浮现 7. the joyous news to us 把这一佳音传递给我们 primitive breakthrough reputation rank purchase emerges convey 8. service 客户服务 9. generations 后代 10. the arts 视觉艺术 11. a job 固定工作 12. in my opinion 依我拙见 13. economic 经济衰退 14. give a of good behavior 保证品行端正 15. fiction/music当代小说/音乐 client subsequent visual permanent humble decline guarantee contemporary Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1. adj.视觉的;视力的→ n.视力;视觉 2. n.投资额;投资;(时间、精力的)投入→ ⁠ v.投资 3. adj.艺术的;艺术家的→ n.艺术家→ ⁠ n.艺术 4. n.加入;进入;参与;参赛作品→ v.进入;登记 5. n.扩张;扩展;扩大→ v.扩展;扩大;细谈 6. (NAmE ⁃ize) vi.& vt.批评;指责;评价→ ⁠ n.批评;指责;评论→ n.批评家→ adj.批判性 的;关键的 visual vision investment invest artistic artist art entry enter expansion expand criticise criticism critic critical 结合语境变形单词 7. I’m more than delighted to tell you that the students’ Chinese painting ⁠ (exhibit) will be held by our school this Saturday. 8. As one of the student ⁠, I feel it a great honour to ⁠ my class to take part in the speech contest.(represent) 9. Teenagers tend to have a good and they can __________ ⁠ what they are learning with ease.(memorial) 10. The is really good at ⁠,and he has made many wonderful ⁠.(photography) exhibition representatives represent memory memoriz(s)e photographer photography photographs Ⅲ.重点短语 1. Chinese painting 喜欢中国画  2. show humanity 试图展现人性  3. pass the exam 未能通过考试  be fond of seek to fail to 根据语境完成句子 4. Students, (尤其是较年少的那 些),have trouble separating important sounds—like a teacher’s voice—from background noise.  5. The novel explores common topics in young adult literature such as friendships, relationships, but is filled with surprises and powerful themes that (使得它与众不同).  6. The new teacher always (把课上得生 动活泼) with his humor.  younger ones in particular set it apart from other novels brings the class to life 7. She has turned down several invitations to star at shows ⁠ (为了集中精力在学习上).  8. Yuan Longping made great contributions to our country and his achievements (值得最高的赞 扬).  in order to concentrate on her studies are worthy of the highest praise Ⅳ.句式仿写 1. 这次活动的目的是提高我们保护海洋的意识。 (不定式作表语) The purpose of the activity ⁠ ⁠.  2. 虽然学生们来自不同的国家,但他们在夏令营里相处得很好。 (while引导让步状语从句) ⁠, they got along quite well in the summer camp.  is to raise our awareness of protecting oceans While the students came from different countries 3. 塑造我们生活的不是我们遇到的困难,而是我们面对困难的态 度。(not...but...) It’s ⁠ that shape our lives, but what attitudes we take to face them.  not what difficulties we meet 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.convey vt.表达;传递(思想、感情等);传送 convey one’s feelings/appreciation 表达某人的感情/感激之情 convey sth. to sb. 向某人传达某事 convey...from...to... 把……从……运送到…… ①The boss insisted that all the injured __________________ (convey) from the spot to the hospital at once.  ②The Chinese folk song ⁠ (convey) the feeling of sadness for the missing loved one is loved by many people living abroad. ③In this letter, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you for your help.(升级加黑词汇;感谢信) →In this letter, I would like to ⁠ to you for your help.  conveying (should) be conveyed convey my sincere appreciation 2.guarantee vt.保证;确保;肯定……必然发生 n.保证;保修单;担保 物 (1)guarantee sb. sth./guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人保证某事 guarantee to do sth./that...保证做某事;确保…… (2)under guarantee在保修期内 ①Do guarantee (behave) yourself when invited to your Chinese friend’s home.  ②Your watch will be repaired free if it’s still ⁠ guarantee. ③我保证,一旦你加入这个摄影俱乐部,你就会爱上它,它会保证你 的校园生活丰富多彩。 _____________ you will be fond of it once you join the photography club, which will ___________________________________________ _______________________ . to behave under 状语从句的省略 I guarantee that guarantee you a colorful school life/guarantee a colorful school life to you ⁠ 3.in particular尤其;特别→ adj.特定的;特别的;挑剔的→ adv.特别;尤其 be particular about/over...对……讲究/挑剔 particular particularly ①Sports are flourishing in China now. Of various kinds of sports, I like jogging ⁠ particular. ②You are ⁠ (particular) welcome to show up on stage, which will definitely add color and fun to our festival. ③她对细节非常讲究——每件东西都必须摆放在相应位置。 She —everything had to be perfectly in its place.  in particularly was very particular about/over details 4.bring...to life赋予……生命;使……鲜活起来 lead/live a...life过……的生活 make a life 开创生活 come to life (=come alive)苏醒过来;变得活跃 lose one’s life 丧生 ①这个地区的人们曾经过着简单但幸福的生活。但不幸的是,三 分之二的人在那次大地震中丧生。然而希望尚存。地震发生后不 久,政府的支持使这座城市恢复了生机,人们开始创造新的生活。 Once people in this area ⁠. But unfortunately, two thirds of people ⁠ in the big earthquake. But hope was not lost.Soon after the earthquake, government’s  support ⁠. People started to . led/lived a simple but happy life lost their lives brought the city to life make a new life ②当那个女孩苏醒过来时,人群中弥漫着喜悦和兴奋的气氛。(情 感描写) ⁠, an air of delight and excitement settled over the crowd.  When the girl came (back) to life/alive 5.while引导让步状语从句 [教材原句]　While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.虽然他的画作仍然带有宗 教主题,但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。 本句中while引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然,尽管”,可用although或 though替换。 while的其他用法: (1)作从属连词,引导时间状语从句时,意为“在……期间,当……时”; 引导条件状语从句时,意为“只要”; (2)作并列连词,表示“然而,而”; (3)作名词,表示“一会儿,一段时间”。 ①你在中国学习的时候,总是花时间帮我润色我的英语口语,所以 我写信向你表达我对你善意的帮助的衷心的感谢。(感谢信) ⁠, you always spent your time helping me polish my oral English so I’m writing to convey my heartfelt gratitude to you for your kind help.  ②尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么,但我们可以用决心和爱指 引自己。(主旨升华) ⁠, we can guide ourselves with determination and love.  While studying in China While we can’t predict what will happen in the future ③我在比赛中获得了第三名,而我的同桌凯特排名第一。这个好 消息让我既高兴又震惊。 I won the third place in the contest ⁠ ⁠.The good news made me happy and shocked.  while my deskmate Kate ranked the first 6.主语+be+adj.+不定式 [教材原句]　Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.最后,大多数顾客想要看上去 既美丽又有趣的绘画。 本句中含有“主语+be+adj.+不定式”结构。此结构中,不定式常用 主动形式表示被动含义。 使用此结构须具备两个前提条件:①不定式和句子的主语之间构 成逻辑上的动宾关系;②常用的形容词有:difficult、hard、easy、 comfortable、pleasant、interesting、exciting等。 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)对大卫来说,这场赛跑很难完成,但他决心永 不放弃。 For David, the race ⁠, but he was determined never to give up.  ②即使这个问题很难解决,但我没有放弃,因为我坚信“有志者,事竟 成”。(主旨升华) Even though ⁠, I didn’t give up because I firmly believed that “Where there is a will, there is a way.”  was hard to finish the problem was difficult to solve Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1. This kind of behaviour is guaranteed ⁠ (make) him angry.  2. You’d better behave well, minding your table manners ⁠ particular. 3. The famous singer has a deep voice which sets him apart ⁠ other singers. to make in from 4. Our English teacher always brings his classes ⁠ life with his humour, and we are all fond of him. 5. The main purpose of art education in school is ⁠ (inspire) students to be creative.  6. ⁠ travelling can broaden your mind, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time and money on it. 7. All the people present at the meeting think that the problem is worthy of ⁠ (discuss).  to to inspire While being discussed 8. As is known to us all, Qi Baishi was one of the most ___________ (influence) artists in the history of Chinese painting. 9. What the young need is not just book knowledge ⁠ practical experience. 10. A company (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. influential but representative Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1. 得知你对中国成语尤其感兴趣,我很高兴地告诉你一些相关的 信息。 Learning that ⁠, I am more than glad to tell you some relevant information.  2. 成语不仅仅能传达丰富多彩的含义,而且还使我们的语言更加 生动。 Idioms but make our language more vivid as well.  you are interested in Chinese idioms in particular not just convey colourful meanings 3. 问题是对于外国人来说,许多中国成语是非常难理解的。 The problem is that for foreigners, many Chinese idioms ⁠ . 4. 尽管你发现学习中国成语有困难,但我相信你可以通过多练习 掌握它们。 ⁠, I believe you can master them by practising more.  5. 毕竟,中国成语真的很值得学习。 After all , _______________________________________________ . ⁠ are quite difficult to understand While you find it difficult to learn Chinese idioms Chinese idioms are really worthy of being learnt/learned Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1.Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the awards are the perfect platform to showcase the best photography of the British landscape. 生义:___________ 熟义:n.加入,进入,参与 2.(2022·浙江1月卷)To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steam and electric revolutions in America during one man’s lifetime. 生义:_______ 熟义:n.画面;框架 n.参赛作品 vt.构建 3.decline A.v.谢绝B.n.减少　 C.v.下降　 D.n.衰退 (1)Besides, the number of snakes has declined as well. ___ (2)As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. ___ (3)(2023·浙江1月卷)Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. ___ (4)We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she declined, saying that she felt like walking. __ C D B A 培优2　单元话题写作——艺术家 　　根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 　　He was an ① (influence) artist, who ②__________ ________ (有一个好名声).Since childhood, he ③ ___________(喜欢) fine art.His talent ④＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿(使他自己与众不同) in the art field.He was interested in painting ⑤　　　　 (real) scenes.At that time, people of high social rank had a desire to buy (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:⑥ ) his paintings.He was believed to convey the beauty of humanity in his works(句型转换:⑦______ ______________________________________________________).  influential was fond of set himself apart from others realistic purchase It was believed that he conveyed the beauty of humanity in his works reputation had a good 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　be fond of;humble [动作描写]　rank;emerge;convey;decline;guarantee; criticise;set apart from;bring...to life;be worthy of 美句 1.With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.(比喻) 2.Unlike the cold, black⁃and⁃white photographs of that time period, Renoir’s paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life.(比较) 3.Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service, so he turned to painting instead.(人物描写) 4.Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road.(拟人) Step 2　语料运用　【艺术创作】 　　雪莉终于非常满意地完成了她的画作。她立马怀着激动的心情拿给母亲看。画作真的吸引了她的母亲。母亲的眼睛落在她的画作上,她表达了她的极度钦佩,说她真的很喜欢这幅作品。 　 Shelly finally finished her painting with great satisfaction.She immediately ①_______________________________ ______________. The painting really attracted her mother.②_____________ ______________ (独立主格结构), she conveyed her extreme admiration, saying she was really fond of it. showed it to her mother excitedly/ with excitement Her eyes falling on the picture 她的眼睛盯着这幅画,似乎感觉到雪莉使画中的人物变得鲜活了。听到母亲的评论,雪莉无法抑制自己的喜悦,她的眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。 ③____________________________ _______ (with复合结构), she felt as if Shelly ④_____________________ _________________ .Hearing her mother’s comment, Shelly couldn’t contain her happiness, ⑤__________ _______________________________ (独立主格结构).  With her eyes fixed on/upon the picture had brought the character in her picture to life her eyes shining/sparkling with excitement 语料积累 【动作细节描写:动“肩膀”】 词块 with broad shoulders 宽肩;sb.’s shoulders shake 某人肩膀颤抖;look/glance over one’s shoulder回头看;shrug one’s shoulders耸肩;tap/pat sb. on the shoulder/give sb. a pat/tap on the shoulder拍某人的肩膀;straighten one’s shoulders挺直肩膀;shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地,紧挨着;shoulder one’s way through从……中挤过去;shoulder sb. aside一膀子把某人推到一边;shoulder out挤出去 句型 He was a man of medium height, with broad shoulders. 他是个中等个子、肩膀宽阔的男人。 He looked quickly over his shoulder, only to spot a young man following him closely. 他忙侧身回头看,却发现一个年轻人紧紧跟着他。 He tapped/patted the young man on the shoulder, warning him not to follow him any more. 他拍了拍年轻人的肩膀,警告他不要再跟着他了。 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A 　　(2024·辽宁辽阳模拟预测)Leonardo da Vinci experimented with chemicals while painting some of his representative works—including The Mona Lisa—forming a poisonous layer hidden beneath the ①celebrated art. Researchers studying a tiny ②microsample from a corner of the painting found a substance known as plumbonacrite (水白铅矿), a poisonous compound (化合物) formed when oil and lead(Ⅱ) oxide (氧化铅)are mixed together. The Mona Lisa and many other paintings from the Renaissance era in the early 1500s were painted on wooden panels. These required a thick base layer to enable artists to create their works on top. The most common method was using a substance called gesso, which comes from plaster of Paris, but the presence of plumbonacrite suggests Da Vinci ③layered his painting with lead white paint, mixed with oil infused (泡) with lead(Ⅱ) oxide. Writing in Journal of the American Chemical Society, the authors said, “The most remarkable signature in the sample is the presence of plumbonacrite, a rare compound that is stable only in an alkaline (碱性的) environment. Leonardo probably attempted to prepare a thick paint suitable for covering the wooden panel of The Mona Lisa by treating the oil with a high load of lead(Ⅱ) oxide.”It is thought the lead(Ⅱ) oxide may have been used to help the paint applied on top of it to dry. The team reviewed Da Vinci’s writing to find reference to his use of the chemicals, but found only “unclear reference” to plumbonacrite. It seems once again the famous scholar was ahead of his time, with the technique only found in other paintings by Rembrandt in the 1600s. Use of plumbonacrite at the time seems to have been limited to skin and hair treatment. In addition to The Mona Lisa analysis, the team used ④high⁃resolution analytic techniques on 17 samples from across the surface of The Last Supper and found it also contained the same poisonous base layer. 　 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了研究人员通过分析达·芬奇的代表作品《蒙娜丽莎》和《最后的晚餐》中的微小样本,发现了隐藏在画作下的有毒层,这一发现揭示了达·芬奇在绘画过程中使用的化学物质。 1 2 3 4 1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?(　　) A.A poisonous compound was found in The Mona Lisa. B.Da Vinci created his paintings through trial and error. C.Researchers damaged the famous painting while studying it. D.Da Vinci buried some poison under the painting to protect it. A 1 2 3 4 解析:细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Leonardo da Vinci experimented with chemicals while painting some of his representative works—including The Mona Lisa—forming a poisonous layer hidden beneath the celebrated art.(列奥纳多·达·芬奇在画他的一些代表作时,包括《蒙娜丽莎》,用化学物质进行了实验,在这些著名的艺术作品下面形成了一层有毒物质)”可知,在《蒙娜丽莎》中发现了一种有毒化合物。故选A。 1 2 3 4 2.What did Da Vinci possibly do while painting?(　　) A.He used lead to decorate the painting. B.He applied oil to cover the wooden panel. C.He treated skin and hair with plumbonacrite. D.He mixed oil and lead together to create a thick paint. D 1 2 3 4 解析:细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Writing in Journal of the American Chemical Society, the authors said, ‘The most remarkable signature in the sample is the presence of plumbonacrite, a rare compound that is stable only in an alkaline environment. Leonardo probably attempted to prepare a thick paint suitable for covering the wooden panel of The Mona Lisa by treating the oil with a high load of lead(Ⅱ) oxide. ”可知,达·芬奇可能在油中添加了大量的氧化铅(Ⅱ)以制备一种适合覆盖《蒙娜丽莎》木板的厚实颜料。故选D。 1 2 3 4 3.Why did the author mention The Last Supper?(　　) A.To support the finding above. B.To show how talented Da Vinci is. C.To explain the process of artwork creation. D.To stress the importance of analytical techniques. A 1 2 3 4 解析:推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In addition to The Mona Lisa analysis, the team used high⁃resolution analytic techniques on 17 samples from across the surface of The Last Supper and found it also contained the same poisonous base layer.”可知,作者提到《最后的晚餐》是为了进一步支持在《蒙娜丽莎》中发现的相同有毒化合物的存在,从而证实了这种技术在达·芬奇的画作中的普遍使用。故选A。 1 2 3 4 4.What is the best title for the text?(　　) A.Mona Lisa, a Mysterious Woman B.Poisonous Chemicals Help Create Artworks C.Da Vinci, a Distinguished Painter as Well as a Chemist D.The Mona Lisa Reveals a Poisonous Secret Hidden in the Painting D 1 2 3 4 解析:标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“Leonardo da Vinci experimented with chemicals while painting some of his representative works...when oil and lead(Ⅱ)oxide are mixed together.”以及全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了研究人员通过分析达·芬奇的代表作品《蒙娜丽莎》和《最后的晚餐》中的微小样本,发现了隐藏在画作下的有毒层,这一发现揭示了达·芬奇在绘画过程中使用了化学物质。因此,D选项“The Mona Lisa Reveals a Poisonous Secret Hidden in the Painting”最能概括文章的主题和内容。故选D。 [语境猜词] ①celebrated (派) [celebrate v.庆祝,祝贺+⁃d] ②microsample (派) __________________ [micro⁃+sample n.样本,样品] ③layer (转) 文章义: [熟义:n.层,层次] ④high⁃resolution(合) [high adj.高的+resolution n.清晰度;分辨率] adj.有名的,著名的 n.微量试样;微量取样 v.形成或分成层次 adj.高清晰度的;高分辨率的 B 　　(2024·吉林长春一模)It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage ①conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion (侵蚀) by sand and wind. The team is devoted to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals (壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which spanned about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road.“Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy. Commonly seen “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking, as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves, and the deposition of salts. To restore a mural requires an all⁃rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward. The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them. When the ②restorers find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration. “Cultural relics are witnesses of history,” explains Su. “When you pursue the so⁃called intact (完好无损的) look for artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.” Cave conservation is about continuously solving problems. “It needs a long⁃term research to better preserve the caves, over a much wider time span that goes beyond our lifetimes,” Su says. But at least, they can keep the current look of the murals for as long as possible. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是敦煌莫高窟壁画的修复工作及其意义。 5 6 7 8 5.What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?(　　) A.To show the popularity of Dunhuang murals. B.To explain the history of the ancient Silk Road. C.To stress the significance of the restoration work. D.To present the ways of protecting cultural heritage. C 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段“The team is devoted to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site... director of the Dunhuang Academy.”可知,该团队致力于保护莫高窟735个洞穴中的45 000平方米的壁画和2 400多个彩绘雕塑,因为这些文物是几个世纪以来古丝绸之路上文化交流的产物,所以研究人员们表示,他们的工作是为了更好地保护洞穴,弘扬敦煌伟大的“包容”精神,并激励现代人。由此推知,本段目的是强调修复工作的重要性。故选C项。 5 6 7 8 6.Which of the following best describes the restoration work?(　　) A.Demanding.　　　　　 B.Well⁃paid. C.Interesting. D.Creative. A 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To restore a mural requires an all⁃rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.”可知,修复壁画需要全能型选手。由此推知,修复工作要求很高。故选A项。 5 6 7 8 7.What should restoring murals focus on according to paragraph 4?(　　) A.Spotting the faded murals in time. B.Fixing the missing parts of murals. C.Maintaining the current look of murals. D.Repainting murals to perfect the appearance of them. C 5 6 7 8 解析:细节理解题。根据第四段 “The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them ... you will lose their key meaning.”可知,修复工作应尊重原作,以保持壁画的现状为目标,而不是重新绘制壁画。当修复者发现壁画的某些部分残缺或褪色时,他们不会为了创造一个“完美”的修复外观而重新绘制,由此可知,修复壁画应注意保持壁画的现状。故选C项。 5 6 7 8 8.Which can be the best title for the text?(　　) A.The Artistic Charm of Mural Paintings B.The Mural Restoration in the Mogao Caves C.The Successful Experiment on Cave Conservation D.The Role of the Dunhuang Spirit in Chinese Culture B 5 6 7 8 解析:标题归纳题。第一段提出保护莫高窟文化的话题,第二段至第四段主要讲述壁画修复师的工作内容及其意义,再根据最后一段“Cave conservation is about continuously solving problems. ‘It needs a long⁃term research to better preserve the caves, over a much wider time span that goes beyond our lifetimes,’ Su says. But at least, they can keep the current look of the murals for as long as possible.”可知,本文主要围绕着敦煌莫高窟的壁画修复工作展开。由此可知,B项“The Mural Restoration in the Mogao Caves”适合作为本文最佳标题。故选B项。 5 6 7 8 [语境猜词] ①conservator (派) [conserve v.保护+⁃ator] ②restorer (派) [restore v.修复+⁃r] n.文物修复员,文物保护员 n.做修复工作的人 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分) 　　(2024·河南周口模拟预测)On a recent Sunday morning jog through Prospect Park, Martinus Evans was received like a conquering champion. Every few minutes, a passing 　1　 would smile and nod, congratulating him as they 　2　.  Mr.Evans is the 　3　 of Slow AF Run Club.At 300 pounds, he is a 　4　 figure among runners who have felt left out of the sport. He’s graced the cover of Runner’s World and 　5　 in the ads of sports brands. And this month, he’s releasing his first book.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 The idea for the club was born at about mile 16 of the 2018 New York City Marathon, just after the tiring Queensboro Bridge into Manhattan. Mr.Evans was running along when he 　6　 a man gesturing from the sidelines.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 “You’re 　7　, buddy,” the man shouted, adding an impolite word to indicate just how slow. “Go home,” Mr.Evans tried to 　8　him, and turned his attention back to the 　9　. Six hours behind the winner, he 　10　 finished it in over eight hours. But as the bystander repeated his 　11　 words, Mr.Evans got angrier—then 　12　. The next time he raced, he wore a shirt with that man’s phrase and a cartoon of a smiling turtle. When he 　13　 photos of his new uniform on social media, 　14　 asked for shirts of their own. By early 2019, his running club was born.  He said his driving message is simple: “I want everyone to know that they can run in the 　15　 they have right now.”  　 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Martinus Evans创办了Slow AF Run Club,并以自己的行动激励了更多想跑步的人。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 1.A.driver B.runner C.volunteer D.cleaner 答案:B 解析:driver司机;runner跑步者;volunteer志愿者;cleaner保洁员。根据第二段中“At 300 pounds, he is a 　4　 figure among runners who have felt left out of the sport.”可知,路过的跑步者微笑着向Martinus Evans点头。故选B。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 2.A.cheered up B.showed up C.sped by D.stood by 答案:C 解析:cheer up欢呼;show up出现;speed by飞驰而过;stand by袖手旁观。根据上文“a passing 　1　 would smile and nod, congratulating him”可知,每一位跑步者从Martinus Evans身边飞驰而过。故选C。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 3.A.founder B.coach C.member D.counselor 答案:A 解析:founder创始人;coach教练;member成员;counselor顾问。根据第三段中“The idea for the club was born at about mile 16 of the 2018 New York City Marathon, just after the tiring Queensboro Bridge into Manhattan.”可知,Evans是Slow AF Run Club的创始人。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 4.A.clever B.dishonest C.terrible D.beloved 答案:D 解析:clever聪明的;dishonest不诚实的;terrible糟糕的;beloved深受喜爱的。根据上文“Mr.Evans is the 　3　 of Slow AF Run Club.”和下文“He’s graced the cover of Runner’s World and 　5　 in the ads of sports brands. And this month, he’s releasing his first book.”可知,Evans深受跑步者的喜爱。故选D。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 5.A.registered B.appeared C.competed D.believed 答案:B 解析:register登记;appear出现;compete竞争;believe相信。根据上文“He’s graced the cover of Runner’s World”和下文“in the ads of sports brands”可知,Evans出现在运动品牌的广告中。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 6.A.missed B.hit C.defeated D.noticed 答案:D 解析:miss失去;hit击打;defeat打败;notice注意到。根据上文“Mr.Evans was running along when he”和“a man gesturing from the sidelines”可知,Evans正跑着,这时他注意到一个人在打手势。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 7.A.clumsy B.injured C.slow D.ambitious 答案:C 解析:clumsy笨拙的;injured受伤的;C.slow慢的;ambitious雄心壮志的。根据下文“indicate just how slow”可知,那人说Evans太慢了。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 8.A.ignore B.persuade C.overtake D.defend 答案:A 解析:ignore忽视,不理睬;persuade劝说;overtake超过;defend防御。根据下文“turned his attention back to the 　9　”可知,Evans尽量不理睬那个男人,把注意力转回赛道。故选A。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 9.A.man B.bridge C.course D.river 答案:C 解析:man男人;bridge桥;course赛道;river河。根据语境上文“Mr. Evans tried to　8　him, and turned his attention back to the”可知,Evans不理睬那个男人,把注意力转回赛道。故选C。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 10.A.barely B.literally C.unwillingly D.eventually 答案:D 解析:barely仅仅;literally按字面意思地;unwillingly不情愿地;eventually最后。根据下文“finished it in over eight hours”可知,最终Evans跑完了全程。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 11.A.humorous B.rude C.confusing D.frank 答案:B 解析:humorous幽默的;rude粗鲁的,无理的;confusing令人困惑的;frank坦率的。根据上文“‘You’re 　7　, buddy,’ the man shouted, adding an impolite word to indicate just how slow.”可知,旁观者重复粗鲁无理的话。故选B。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 12.A.inspired B.shocked C.depressed D.disappointed 答案:A 解析:inspire鼓舞,启发;shock使震惊;depress使沮丧;disappoint使失望。根据下文“The next time he raced, he wore a shirt with that man’s phrase and a cartoon of a smiling turtle.”可知,Evans受到启发。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 13.A.promoted B.shared C.took D.identified 答案:B 解析:promote提升;share分享;take拿走;identify确认 。根据下文“photos of his new uniform on social media”可知,Evans在社交媒体上分享他的照片。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 14.A.operators B.sponsors C.followers D.assistants 答案:C 解析:operator操作员;sponsor赞助商;follower追随者;assistant助理。根据第二段中“At 300 pounds, he is a 　4　 figure among runners who have felt left out of the sport.”和下文“asked for shirts of their own”可知,Evans的追随者想要相同的衬衫。故选C。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 15.A.company B.status C.issue D.body 答案:D 解析:company公司;status地位;issue问题;body身体。根据常识和第二段中“At 300 pounds, he is a 　4　 figure among runners who have felt left out of the sport.”及全文可知,Evans想让每个人都知道,他们现在的身体可以跑步。故选D。 $$