选修2 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版）

选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 主题语境　科学与技术 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 ◆重难点词汇 五级词汇 besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且,此外 finding n.[C][常用复数]发现,调查结果;(法律)判决 thinking n.[U]思维,思想;见解 背诵默写本 四级词汇 assistant n.[C]助手,助理;副手;店员 adj.助理的;副的(assist vt.& vi.帮助,协助　assistance n.帮助,协助,援助) blame vt.把……归咎于,责怪,指责 n.[U]责任;责备,指责 　be to blame (for sth.)(对某事)负有责任 　take/bear the blame承担责任 cell n.[C]细胞;小房间;(蜂房的)巢室;电池;单间牢房 concept n.[C]概念;观念 fault n.[U]过错;责任;[C]缺点,弱点;缺陷,故障 vt.找……的缺点,指责,挑剔 handle n.[C]柄,把手,拉手 vt.处理,应付;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) link n.[C]联系,关联;环节;(互联网的)链接;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联 　link...to/with把……和……连接/联系起来 三级词汇 decrease vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;(使)减小;降低 n.[C]&[U]减少,降低;减少量 defend vt.& vi.保卫,防守,防御 vt.辩解(defence n.防御;保卫;保护) household n.[C]一家人,家庭,同住一所(套)房子的人 adj.[只用于名词前]家庭的,家用的 infect vt.传染,染上,使感染(infection n.感染;传染　infectious adj.感染的;传染的) leadership n.[U]领导;领导地位;领导才能;[C]领导层 　under the leadership of sb./under sb.’s leadership在某人的领导下 outstanding adj.杰出的,突出的;优秀的;明显的 pour vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料) vi.(水等)不断流出;不断涌向/涌现;(雨)倾盆而下 proof n.[U]&[C]证明,证据;[U]检验(prove vt.证明　link v.证明是) severe adj.十分严重的;严厉的;极为恶劣的 　severe competition激烈的竞争 shadow n.[C]影子,阴影;[U][也可用复数]背光处,阴暗处 　shadow play皮影戏 solid adj.固体的;可靠的;坚实的;实心的 n.[C]固体 steady adj.平稳的;稳定的,稳步的;持续的 (steadily adv.稳定地;持续地) suspect vt.怀疑(某人有罪),不信任 vt.& vi.怀疑;猜想,疑有;不信任 n.[C]犯罪嫌疑人,可疑对象 adj.不可信的,可疑的 virus n.[C]病毒 二级词汇 brilliant adj.聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的;卓越的;光辉灿烂的 cast vt.(cast,cast)投掷;投射;为(戏剧、角色)选派演员;投票;向……投以(视线、笑容等) concrete adj.具体的;确实的;混凝土制的 n.[U]混凝土 furthermore adv.[句子副词] [正式用语]此外,再者 gifted adj.有天赋的,天资聪慧的,有天才的(gift n.礼物;天赋) 　be gifted with具有(令人愉快的东西) initial adj.[只用于名词前]最初的;开始的;第一的;词首的(initially adv.最初地) 　in the initial stages of在……的初始阶段 intervention n.[C]&[U]干涉,介入,出面 mechanic n.[C]机械师,机械修理工,技工,机修工(mechanical adj.机械的,发动机的,机器的) multiple adj.数量多的;多个(人/事件/物组成)的;多种多样的 n.[C]倍数 raw adj.未煮的,生的;未经处理的;原始的 shift n.[C]改变;转移;转换;班,轮班 vi.& vt.(使)转移,(使)改变;挪动;转向 statistic n.[C][pl.statistics] 统计数字;统计资料;[U]统计学 transform vt.使改变形态,使改观 vi.改变;转变(transformation n.转化;转换;变换;变化) vivid adj.(记忆、描述等)生动的;鲜明的;(想象力)丰富的(vividly adv.生动地;逼真地;鲜明地) 一级词汇 abstract adj.抽象的;理论上的;抽象派的 n.[C]抽象派作品;(文献等的)摘要,梗概 astronomer n.[C]天文学家 astronomy n.[U]天文学 contradictory adj.相互矛盾的,不一致的,对立的 pure adj.干净的;纯的,纯粹的;完全的(purely adv.完全地;纯粹地　purify vt.净化;使……洁净) subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费);定期捐助 　subscribe to同意,赞同 substantial adj.大量的,多的;价值巨大的;重大的 trace vt.追溯;追踪;查出 n.[C]&[U]踪迹,痕迹,遗迹 　trace...back to追溯到;追踪到 ◆短语与词块 1.once and for all最终地;彻底地 2.thanks to幸亏;由于 3.in charge of主管;掌管 4.come down with患(病);染上(小病) 5.above all最重要的是;尤其是 6.cast down抛下; 降低;使沮丧 7.die from the disease死于疾病 8.through one’s tireless efforts通过某人不懈的努力 9.overcome some difficulties克服一些困难 10.receive a hero’s welcome受到英雄般的欢迎 11.take on the challenge接受挑战 12.break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发 ◆句式表达 1.句式:until引导时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 2.句式:so...that...如此……以至于…… He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现在两条特定的街上霍乱爆发是如此严重,以至于十天内死了500多人。 3.句式:It seems that ...看起来似乎…… It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.看来这位妇女非常喜欢从这个泵中抽取的水,以至于每天都让人把它送到家中。 4.句式:否定副词与比较级连用表示最高级 Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 5.句式:人物描写 Born in Shanghai in 1911,Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.钱学森1911年出生于上海,在北京上学,后来考入上海交通大学,学习铁道机械工程。 板块二　默写练习 Ⅰ.核心词块 1. weather conditions 恶劣的天气情况 2. statements 相互矛盾的陈述 3. copies of documents 各种文件的大量的副本 4.the head of the 户主 5.the prime in the case 这个案子的首要嫌疑人 6.turn the 转一下把手 severe contradictory multiple household suspect handle 7.government 政府干预 8.the between exercise and heart health 锻炼与心脏健康之间的联系 9. materials 原材料 10.a bottle of water 一瓶纯净水 11.a change 一个重大变化 12.the in frequency 频率的降低 13.the main of the research 主要的研究结果 14.the reaction 初期的反应 intervention link raw pure substantial decrease findings initial 15.have no evidence 没有可靠的证据 16.have achieved no results 没有取得实质性成果 17. our homeland 保卫我们的祖国 18.an physicist 一位杰出的物理学家 19. theory 抽象的理论 20.a new 一种新概念 21.a performance/invention 出色的表演/杰出的发明 22. the focus of this debate 转换辩论的焦点 solid concrete defend outstanding abstract concept brilliant shift Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1. n.证据;证明;检验→ vt.证明 link v.证明是 2. adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→ adv.完全地;纯粹地→ vt.净化;使……洁净;提纯 3. adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→ n.礼物;天赋 4. adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→ adv.稳定地;持续地 proof prove pure purely purify gifted gift steady steadily 结合语境变形单词 5.This great battle was (vivid) recorded in the documentary film. 6. With the development of the Internet, the way we work has undergone a complete (transform). 7.John,my , gave me much . In other words, he me in many aspects.(assist) 8.To the territory against the invaders,the emperor built the Great Wall,strengthening its .(defend) 9.He was with an disease and the serious nearly claimed his life.(infect) 10.He felt after failing to win the game and his _________ was evident.(frustrate) vividly transformation assistant assistance assisted defend defences infected infectious infection frustrated frustration Ⅲ.重点短语 1. several sports channels 订阅几个体育频道  2. for the accident 应当为这次事故负责   3. your help 幸亏你的帮助  4. by the sad news 悲伤的消息使……情绪低落   5. (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发  6. 掌管,主管  7. 患(病),染上(小病)  8. 最重要的是;尤其是  subscribe to be to blame thanks to cast down break out in charge of come down with above all 根据语境完成句子 9.Building a large gym is a tough work;it is not something that can (数月内彻底完成).  10.I (从我自己的经历中得出结论) that where there is a will,there is a way.  be completed once and for all in several months draw the conclusion from my own experiences Ⅳ.句式仿写 1.如果你是一名学生,一定要致力于理解老师的教导,直到你完全理解它。(until引导时间状语从句) If you are a student, do devote yourself to digesting your teachers’ instruction .  2.他是如此紧张,以至于他感觉舌头打结,手心出汗。 (so...that,读后续写之紧张心理描写) He was he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.  3.他似乎很难解出这个题,因为他的脸上显现出了一种困惑的表情。(It seemed that...) because a puzzled look appeared on his face. until you fully understand it so nervous that It seemed that he had trouble working out the problem 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.指责;责备 (1)be to blame (for sth.)(对某事)负有责任,应受责备 blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人;把某事归咎于某人 blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事 (2)take/bear/shoulder the blame (for sth.)承担(……的)过错/责任 ①(北师大选必一)Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will _______ (blame).  ② (blame) for the failure of the performance, Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly.  　 ③不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人,你应该为失败承担责任。(主旨升华) Don’t always . You should______ ____________________________ .  blame be to Blamed blame your own failure on others bear/shoulder the blame for failure take/ 被伤心撅住了 2.decrease vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低 n.减少;降低;减少量 (1)decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到…… decrease by...降低了…… decrease in...在……方面减少/减小/下降 (2)on the decrease在减少 ①The virus caused the rabbit population to decrease 130,000 around 10,000. ②(人教选必三)These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease the number of fish species. ③由于人类活动,例如非法狩猎,破坏栖息地,一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。(生态与环保) Because of human activities such as illegal hunting and destroying the habitats, .  from to in the number of some rare animals is on the decrease 3.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解→ n.防御;保卫;保护 (1)defend...against/from (doing...)保护……免受…… defend oneself自卫;为自己辩护 (2)in defence (of)保护;为了保卫;(为……)辩护 in one’s defence为某人辩护 defence/defense ①Nowadays, many people learn martial arts so that they can defend themselves against (attack).  ②看到这条凶猛的蛇,他像一支箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(肢体动作描写) →Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed like an arrow.(defend)  →Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed _______________________ ___________ like an arrow.(defence)  being attacked to defend his son in defence of his son/in his son’s defence 4.in charge of 主管;负责;掌管(表示状态) (1)in/under the charge of 由……来负责;被……掌管 take charge of 负责;掌管(表示动作) free of charge 免费 (2)charge (sb.) for sth. (向某人)要价…… charge sb. with (doing) sth.指控某人(做)某事 ①(人教选必四)Whoever is charged a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise. ②I’m going to visit the museum which doesn’t charge admission this weekend. ③作为学生会主席,我被委派负责安排你在北京逗留期间的所有活动。(告知信) →As chairman of the Student Union, I was appointed to __________ _______________ during your stay in Beijing.  →As chairman of the Student Union, I was appointed to __________ during your stay in Beijing.  with for of arranging all the activities take charge of arranging all the activities be in charge 5.above all最重要的是;尤其是 after all毕竟;终究 first of all首先;第一 all in all整体说来;总而言之 in all全部;合计 at all(否定句)一点也,完全;(疑问句)到底;究竟 用all相关短语的正确形式填空 ①Thanks to your timely and generous help, I managed to handle the four problems .  ②The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University. , you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come. , you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances. , studying for a degree in a different  culture is not easy .(推荐信)  in all First of all/Above all After all All in all at all 6.so...that...“如此……以至于……” [教材原句]　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现在两条特别的街道上,霍乱暴发是如此严重,以至于10天内死了500多人。 句中so...that...引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”。 (1)so...that...句型的常见形式: so+adj./adv.+that... so+adj.+a/an+n.(单数)+that... so+many/much/few/little(少)+n.(复数或不可数)+that... (2)such...that...句型的常见形式: such+a/an+adj.+n.(单数)+that... such+adj.+n.(复数或不可数)+that... (3)当so/such放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序。 ①我感到如此生气,以至于我的手不受控制地颤抖。 →I felt my hands trembled without control.  → my hands trembled without control.(倒装句)  ②西湖是一个如此吸引人的旅游景点,以至于每年吸引成千上万的游客。 The West Lake is__________________________________________ __________________ it attracts thousands of tourists every year.  so annoyed/angry that So annoyed/angry did I feel that so attractive a tourist attraction/such an attractive tourist attraction that ③我如此精通英语,以至于我被选为英语老师的助手。 I have I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.  such a good command of English that Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1.Every moment of every day, energy is transformed from one form another. 2.We began to help pick peaches and then had them (deliver) to the farmers’ houses. 3. (blame) for the breakdown of the computer network, Alice was in low spirits. 4.Tears of sadness rolled down the boy’s cheeks, because he was charged stealing the gold ring without solid proof. into delivered Blamed with 5.My sister is always finding fault others, which really gets us annoyed. 6.I didn’t realize the significance of team I took part in the basketball match. 7.Planting trees is a rewarding experience that we all look forward to another one. 8.With the traffic improving, the number of accidents is the decrease. 9.The man stepped back appearing surprised and put up his hands as if ____ defence. 10.Your innovations should (link) with our daily life and be able to make our life more convenient.  with until such on in be linked Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1.随着生存环境变得越来越糟,地球上很多物种的数量正在减少。 With the living environment becoming worse and worse,___________ _______________________________________ .  2.在我看来,人类为此负有责任。 As far as I’m concerned, .   3.更糟糕的是,一些稀有物种正面临着灭绝的危险,所以我们应该立即采取措施,保护它们免于灭绝。 What’s worse, some rare species are in danger of extinction, so we should take immediate measures to .  of many of the Earth’s species is on the decrease the number human beings are to blame for that defend them from dying out 4.情况如此严重,以至于我们所有人都要共同努力保护稀有物种。 all of us should make joint efforts to protect the rare species.  5.在我看来,最重要的是,我们应提高人们的野生动物保护意识。 As far as I’m concerned, ____________________________________ .  The situation is so severe that above all, we should raise people’s awareness of wildlife protection Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1.I am confident that my combination of practical work experience and solid educational experience has prepared me for making an immediate contribution to your company. 生义:__________ 熟义:n.固体 2.He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents. 生义: _______ 熟义:adj.抽象的 adj.坚实的 n.摘要 3.The criminal escaped by sawing through the bars of his cell. 生义:_______ 熟义:n.细胞 4.It’s difficult to pump facts and figures into tired students. 生义:_______ 熟义:n.泵 n.牢房 v.灌输 5.handle A.vt.处理　 B.vt.操纵　 C.n.把手　 D.vt.(用手)触,碰,拿 (1)(2022·全国甲卷)The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. ___ (2)I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car. ___ (3)I turned the handle and found the door was open. ___ (4)(2023·浙江1月卷)Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. ___ D B C A 6.subscribe to A.订阅　 B.赞成;同意　 C.捐助 (1)He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all. ___ (2)This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to generously in the past. ___ (3)If you subscribe to this newspaper, you’ll get an extra magazine. ___ B C A 培优2　单元话题写作——科学家与科学精神 　　根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 　　People think that an extraordinary (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:① ) scientist is ② (有天赋并且聪明).③ (最重要的是), he should have scientific spirits.For one thing, he should be brave to ④____________________ (怀疑不一致的思想) and theoretical frameworks, trying to find ⑤ (proof) to prove them right or wrong. outstanding gifted and brilliant Above all suspect contradictory thinking proofs For another, he should be brave to⑥___________________________ (承担……的责任) the failure of research.Furthermore, facing failure, he shouldn’t feel ⑦ (frustrate) but should believe that he will succeed ⑧ (最终地).  take/bear/shoulder the blame for frustrated once and for all 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [人物描写]　frustrated;contradictory;gifted;outstanding;brilliant;leadership [动作描写]　suspect;blame;decrease;cast;pour;trace;defend;break out 美句 1.He was determined to find out why.(情感描写) 2.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(情感描写) 3.For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.(比喻) 4.Born in Shanghai in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.(人物描写) 美句 5.Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.(情感描写) 6.On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.(拟人) 7.Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(人物描写) Step 2　语料运用　【友情篇(二)】 　　我被怀疑偷了这位女士的金戒指,这使我的脸上蒙上了一层阴影。我是如此懊恼,以至于泪水像洪水一样顺着脸颊流了下来。后来,我想我为什么要代人受过呢?因此,我尽最大努力追踪真正的小偷以捍卫我的清白。在我的朋友们的帮助下,我深信我会证明我是被冤枉的。 　I was suspected of stealing the woman’s gold ring,①__________________________ (非限制性定语从句).So frustrated was I that ②__________________________ (比喻句).Then I thought why I should ③____________________________ .So I tried my best to trace the real thief to defend my innocence.④ (with复合结构), I was greatly convinced that I would prove ⑤ (宾语从句).  my face which cast a cloud of gloom over like floods tears poured down my cheeks take/bear/shoulder the blame for somebody else With my friends assisting me that I was wronged 语料积累 【动作细节描写:动“手”】  单词 seize;shake;clap;hold up;stretch out;spread;hold;grasp 词块 reach for sb.’s hand伸手拉某人的手; hold sb.’s hand抓住某人的手; shake hands with sb.与某人握手; take sb.’s hand牵某人的手; hand in hand手拉手; be filled with thunderous applause 热烈鼓掌 句型 The host seized my hand and shook it heartily and enjoyably. 主人抓住我的手,热情开心地握了起来。 The class clapped warmly as Mr.Smith presented me with the reward. 当史密斯先生给我颁奖时,全班同学热烈鼓掌。 Everyone started to clap their hands. I gave them a shy smile and the whole class was filled with thunderous applause. 大家都开始鼓掌,我羞涩地笑了笑。班上爆发出热烈的掌声。 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A 　　(2024·山东济南质检)A rising star from Virginia has secured the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” for his ①groundbreaking creation—a bar of soap designed to ②battle against skin cancer.At just 14 years old, Heman Bekele emerged as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge, ③standing out among the ten finalists with his innovative creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS). Bekele’s brilliant concept ④centers on the development of a soap that is not only affordable, but also has the potential to reactivate the body’s natural ⑤defenders of the skin to stop skin cancer.In Bekele’s own words,“Curing cancer, one bar of soap at a time.” He always has endless passion for biology and technology, and the 3M Young Scientist Challenge just provided him with the perfect platform to display his ideas.Reflecting on his inspiration, Bekele shared that his childhood played a significant role in shaping his innovative thinking.Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun, he couldn’t help but wonder how many were aware of the risks associated with constant sun exposure. “I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience,”Bekele expressed during an interview with the media.He received invaluable guidance from Deborah Isabelle, a product engineering specialist, who connected him with other scientists to aid him in reaching his ambitious plans. 　 During his presentation, Bekele passionately expressed his vision of turning the soap into “a symbol of hope, accessibility, and a world where skin cancer treatment is within reach for all”. 　　Over the coming five years, Bekele longs to perfect his invention and establish a nonprofit organization devoted to distributing his innovative creation to more places including undeveloped communities, offering hope and a practical solution in the fight against skin cancer. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。14岁的Heman Bekele发明了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂,并凭借此发明在3M青年科学家挑战赛中脱颖而出,被评为“美国顶尖青年科学家”。 1 2 3 4 1.What made Bekele an instant hit?(　　) A.Starting a soap fashion. B.Overcoming skin cancer. C.Being the youngest scientist. D.Creating a soap against skin cancer. D 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知,Bekele因其开创性的发明——一块抗皮肤癌肥皂(SCTS),在2023年3M青年科学家挑战赛中脱颖而出,被评为“美国顶尖青年科学家”。由此可知,令Bekele一夜成名的是他创造了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 2.What inspired Bekele to invent the SCTS?(　　) A.His concern for others. B.His adventure in childhood. C.His enthusiasm for technology. D.His interest in medical knowledge. A 1 2 3 4 解析:推理判断题。根据题干将答案定位至第二段的“Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun...the risks associated with constant sun exposure.”,即目睹了人们在阳光下不知疲倦地工作,他不禁想知道有多少人意识到持续暴露在阳光下的风险。由此可推知,Bekele对别人的关心激励他发明了SCTS,故选A项。 1 2 3 4 3.What will Bekele do in the near future?(　　) A.Obtain official approval. B.Visit undeveloped areas. C.Increase the availability of the soap. D.Update the facilities of production. C 1 2 3 4 解析:细节理解题。 根据最后一段的内容可知,在接下来的五年里,Bekele渴望完善他的发明,并建立一个致力于将他的创新成果分发到包括落后社区的更多地方的非营利组织,为抗击皮肤癌提供希望和切实可行的解决方案。由此可知,Bekele在不久的将来会增加肥皂的供应,故C项正确。 1 2 3 4 4.Which of the following can best describe Bekele?(　　) A.Inspiring and modest. B.Humorous and positive. C.Creative and considerate. D.Curious and independent. C 1 2 3 4 解析:推理判断题。 根据第一段中的“his groundbreaking creation” “his innovative creation”可知,Bekele创造性地发明了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂,这说明Bekele具有创造力;再根据第二段的“Having witnessed people work tirelessly...constant sun exposure.”和最后一段的“establish a nonprofit organization...fight against skin cancer”可知,Bekele为他人着想。故C项正确。 [语境猜词] ①groundbreaking (合) [ground n.场地;领域+break v.破;损坏+-ing] ②battle (转) 文章义: [熟义:n. 战役,战争] ③stand out _______________ ④center (转)文章义: _________ [熟义:n.中心] ⑤defender (派) [defend v.保卫,防御+-er] adj.开创性的 v.和……斗争;与……作战 显眼,脱颖而出 v.以……为中心 n.保护者,捍卫者 B 　　(2024·安徽亳州期末)As the planet gets hotter, the need for cool living environments is becoming more urgent. But air conditioning is a major ①contributor to global warming since units release powerful greenhouse gases and use lots of energy. Now, researchers from McGill University, UCLA and Princeton have found in a new study an inexpensive, sustainable alternative to mechanical cooling with refrigerants (制冷剂) in hot and dry climates, and a way to relieve dangerous heat waves during electricity blackouts. The researchers set out to answer how to achieve a new benchmark(基准) in passive cooling inside naturally conditioned buildings in hot climates such as Southern California.As an attempt, they examined the use of roof materials that radiate (辐射) heat into the cold universe, even under direct sunlight, and how to combine them with temperature-driven ventilation(通风). These cool radiator materials and coatings are often used to stop roofs overheating. Researchers have also used them to improve heat rejection from chillers. But there is untapped potential for integrating them into ②architectural design more fully, so they can not only reject indoor heat to outer space in a passive way, but also drive regular and healthy air changes. “We found we could maintain air temperatures several degrees below the current surrounding temperature, and several degrees more below a reference ‘gold standard’ for passive cooling,” said Remy Fortin, lead author and PhD candidate at the Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture. “We did this without sacrificing healthy ventilation air changes.” This was a ③considerable challenge, considering air exchanges are a source of heating when the aim is to keep a room cooler than the outside. The researchers hope the findings will be used to positively impact communities suffering from dangerous climate heating and heatwaves. “We hope that materials scientists, architects, and engineers will be interested in these results, and that our work will inspire more complete thinking for how to integrate breakthroughs in radiative cooling materials with simple but effective architectural solutions,” said Remy Fortin. 　 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过研究发现一种在炎热气候下廉价且绿色的制冷解决方案。 5 6 7 8 5.What might cause researchers to look for an alternative to air conditioning?(　　) A.The severe shortage of energy. B.The greenhouse effect of air conditioning. C.The increasing dangerous heatwaves. D.The need for cool living environments. B 5 6 7 8 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But air conditioning is a major contributor to global warming since units release powerful greenhouse gases and use lots of energy.”可知,空调的温室效应可能促使研究人员寻找空调的替代品。故选B。 5 6 7 8 6.Why did researchers examine the use of roof materials?(　　) A.To obtain ideas for their research. B.To prevent roofs from overheating. C.To find the best material for roofs. D.To make roofs well ventilated. A 5 6 7 8 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The researchers set out to answer how to achieve a new benchmark in passive cooling inside naturally conditioned buildings in hot climates such as Southern California.As an attempt, they examined the use of roof materials that radiate heat into the cold universe, even under direct sunlight, and how to combine them with temperature-driven ventilation.”可知,研究人员要检查屋顶材料的使用是为他们的研究(如何在南加州等炎热气候下的自然空调建筑内实现被动冷却)获取想法。故选A。 5 6 7 8 7.What is Remy’s attitude towards the new findings?(　　) A.Uncaring.　　　　　　　 B.Disapproving. C.Positive. D.Worried. C 解析:观点态度题。根据最后一段Remy Fortin所说的“We hope that materials scientists, architects, and engineers will be interested in these results, and that our work will inspire more complete thinking for how to integrate breakthroughs in radiative cooling materials with simple but effective architectural solutions”可知,Remy对新发现的态度是积极的。故选C。 5 6 7 8 8.What is the best title for the text?(　　) A.An Effective Architectural Solution B.A Major Contributor to Global Warming C.A Sustainable Alternative to Air Conditioning D.The More Complete Thinking for Cooling Materials C 5 6 7 8 解析:标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第二段中的“Now, researchers from McGill University, UCLA and Princeton have found in a new study an inexpensive, sustainable alternative to mechanical cooling with refrigerants in hot and dry climates, and a way to relieve dangerous heat waves during electricity blackouts.”可知,本文主要介绍科研人员通过研究发现一种更加节能的制冷方案。C项“空调的可持续替代品”适合作为文章最佳标题。故选C。 [语境猜词] ①contributor (派) [contribute v.捐赠;是……的原因之一+-or] ②architectural(派) [architecture n.建筑+-al] ③considerable (派) [consider v.思考,考虑+-able] n.促成因素 adj.建筑学的;建筑上的 adj.相当大/多的 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分) With hundreds of tons of unsold vegetables and fruits sent to landfills at the end of each market day, the Central de Abastos has become the largest source of food waste in Mexico City. When De Paz Fuentes noticed the 　1　, he partnered with the market to turn the wasted food into 　2　 for the hungry. Since 2020, his program, the Itacate, has 　3　 the market’s daily food waste by 24% and _4___ almost 800 tons of food to soup kitchens across the city.   1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 “Efforts like this are 　5　, ” says Gutiérrez, who is one of the businessmen taking part in the program. “Now, if I have too many vegetables and won’t be able to 　6　 them, I call the Itacate.”  When Gutiérrez makes the call, a volunteer 　7　 at Gutiérrez’s shop and helps distribute the unsold 　8　 among the city’s 450 soup kitchens, which 　9　 80,000 meals a day.  Just across the street from the Central de Abastos is one of the city’s largest soup kitchens. There, Leonardo Bautista, 62, is eating lunch after a(n) 　10　cleaning onions and green tomatoes at the market. The soup kitchen is the only place where he can get a(n) 　11　 meal near his workplace.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 “It’s 　12　 to eat at the market,” he explains, “about $3.50 for lunch, which is almost half of my daily salary.”  Some shop owners 　13　 they are familiar with the program, but still often throw away 　14　 food because it takes too much time to make a 　15　.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 　 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了De Paz Fuentes利用墨西哥城最大的果蔬批发市场卖不出去的产品救济穷人的事迹。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 1.A.market B.trap C.problem D.position 答案:C 解析:market市场;trap陷阱;problem问题;position位置。根据上文的“With hundreds of tons of unsold vegetables and fruits... the largest source of food waste in Mexico City.”可知,在每个市场日结束时,数百吨未售出的蔬菜和水果被送往垃圾填埋场,阿巴斯托斯中心已成为墨西哥城最大的食物垃圾来源,所以De Paz Fuentes注意到的是这个问题。故选C。 2.A.meals B.chemicals C.drinks D.ruins 答案:A 解析:meal食物;chemical化学品;drink饮料;ruin废墟。根据上文的“turn the wasted food into”和下文“for the hungry”可知,他与市场合作,把浪费的食物变成了饥饿者的食物。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 3.A.produced B.reduced C.bought D.buried 答案:B 解析:produce生产;reduce减少;buy买;bury埋葬。根据上文的“he partnered with the market to turn the wasted food into　2　 for the hungry”和下文“the market’s daily food waste by 24%”可知,他的Itacate项目已将市场的每日食物浪费减少了24%。故选B。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 4.A.planted B.cut C.lost D.delivered 答案:D 解析:plant种植;cut切割;lose丢失;deliver运送。根据下文的“almost 800 tons of food to soup kitchens across the city”可知,他的Itacate项目向全市各地的施食处运送了近800吨食物。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 5.A.meaningful B.wasteful C.troublesome D.perfect 答案:A 解析:meaningful有意义的;wasteful浪费的;troublesome麻烦的;perfect完美的。根据上文的“Since 2020, his program, the Itacate, has　3　 the market’s daily food waste by 24% and　4　almost 800 tons of food to soup kitchens across the city.”和下文“who is one of the businessmen taking part in the program”可知,Itacate项目是有意义的,Gutiérrez是参加这个项目的商人之一,认为这样的努力是有意义的。故选A。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 6.A.grow B.sell C.decline D.count 答案:B 解析:grow生长;sell出售;decline下降;count计数。根据上文的“the Itacate, has 　3　 the market’s daily food waste by 24% and 　4　 almost 800 tons of food to soup kitchens across the city”和下文“I call the Itacate”可知,Itacate项目将卖不出去的蔬菜向全市各地的施食处运送,所以Gutiérrez说如果自己有太多蔬菜卖不出去,就打电话给Itacate。故选B。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 7.A.signs up B.checks out C.shows up D.gives in 答案:C 解析:sign up报名;check out检查;show up出现;give in屈服。根据下文的“at Gutiérrez’s shop and helps distribute the unsold 　8__　 among the city’s 450 soup kitchens”可知,一名志愿者出现在Gutiérrez的商店里,帮助将未售出的蔬菜分发到全市450个施食处。故选C。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 8.A.fruits B.chickens C.cakes D.vegetables 答案:D 解析:fruit水果;chicken鸡;cake蛋糕;vegetable蔬菜。根据上文的“if I have too many vegetables and won’t be able to 　6　 them, I call the Itacate”可知,Gutiérrez说如果自己有太多蔬菜卖不出去,就打电话给Itacate,所以志愿者帮助将未售出的蔬菜分发到全市450个施食处。故选D。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 9.A.purchase B.serve C.destroy D.need 答案:B 解析:purchase购买;serve供应;destroy摧毁;need需要。根据下文的“80,000 meals a day”可知,这些厨房每天供应8万顿饭。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 10.A.morning B.day C.evening D.afternoon 答案:A 解析:morning上午;day白天;evening晚上;afternoon下午。根据上文的“There, Leonardo Bautista, 62, is eating lunch after”和下文“cleaning onions and green tomatoes at the market”可知,Leonardo正在吃午饭,因此他在市场上清理洋葱和绿西红柿是上午的事情。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 11.A.tasty B.sweet C.unacceptable D.affordable 答案:D 解析:tasty美味的;sweet甜的;unacceptable不可接受的;affordable买得起的。根据下文的“‘It’s 　12　 to eat at the market,’ he explains, ‘about $3.50 for lunch, which is almost half of my daily salary.’”可知,在市场上吃饭很贵,所以施食处是他唯一能在工作场所附近买得起饭的地方。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 12.A.hot B.inconvenient C.expensive D.fun 答案:C 解析:hot热的;inconvenient不方便的;expensive昂贵的;fun有趣的。根据下文的“about $3.50 for lunch, which is almost half of my daily salary”可知,一顿午餐大约3.5美元,这几乎是Leonardo 一天工资的一半,所以Leonardo认为在市场上吃饭很贵。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 13.A.apologize B.think C.realize D.admit 答案:D 解析:apologize道歉;think想;realize实现;admit承认。根据下文的“they are familiar with the program, but still often throw away　14　food because it takes too much time to make a 　15　”可知,他们对这项计划很熟悉,但仍然经常扔掉可食用的食物,因为捐赠需要花费太多时间,这是一些店主承认的事情。故选D。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 14.A.poisonous B.eatable C.cold D.cheap 答案:B 解析:poisonous有毒的;eatable可食用的;cold冷的;cheap花钱少的。根据上文的“they are familiar with the program”和下文的“food because it takes too much time to make a　15　”可知,这个项目与捐赠相关,这些是可以捐赠的食物,所以店主经常扔掉的是可食用的食物。故选B。  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 15.A.donation B.call C.profit D.living 答案:A 解析:donation捐赠;call打电话;profit利润;living谋生。根据上文的“they are familiar with the program”和“because it takes too much time to make a”可知,这个项目与捐赠相关,而捐赠需要花费太多时间。make a donation“进行捐赠”。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 $$