必修3 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版）

必修第三册 UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION 主题语境　宇宙探索 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 ◆重难点词汇 五级词汇 regular adj.定期的,经常的;正常的(regularly adv.有规律地;经常;定期地　反irregular adj.无规律的;不正常的) 四级词汇 agency n.[C](政府的)专门机构,局,部;代理处;服务机构 argue vi.& vt.论证;争论,争辩 　argue for/against主张/反对 　argue with sb. about/over sth.因某事与某人争论 argument n.[C]论据,论点,理由;[C]&[U]争论;争吵;辩论 背诵默写本 　have an argument (with sb.) (about/over sth.)(因某事)(与某人)争论/争吵 beyond prep.[表示位置]在……的那边,在更远处,远于;[表示时间]在……以后,迟于;[表示数量、水平、限度]超出;[表示范围]超出……的范围,非……所及;[常用于否定句和疑问句]除……以外 adv.在更远处,在另一边 　beyond the reach of sb./beyond sb.’s reach够不着,力所不及 current adj.[只用于名词前]现在的;当前的;通用的 n.[C]水流;电流;气流;(事件、时代等)潮流;思潮 data n.[U] [datum的复数形式;作主语时,谓语动词可用单数或复数]数据,资料,信息 desire n.[C]&[U]渴望;欲望 vt.渴望, 期望(desirable adj.值得拥有的;值得做的) 　desire to do sth.渴望做某事 determined adj.有决心的,意志坚定的 　be determined to do sth.决心做某事 　a determined look坚定的表情 determine vt.确定;查明;决定 vt.& vi.[正式用语]决定(determination n.决心;果断) disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的(disappoint vt.使失望　disappointing adj.令人失望的　disappointment n.失望,沮丧) independently adv.独立地;自立地(independent adj.独立的;自立的　independence n.独立;自立) lack n.[U]缺乏,短缺,不足(shortage) vt.缺乏,短少,没有(lacking adj.缺乏的;不足的) limited adj.有限的,不多的(limitless/unlimited adj.无限的　limit vt.& n.限制) mental adj.[只用于名词前]精神的,思想的,脑力的(mentally adv.精神上地) mystery n.[C]神秘事物;谜;[U]神秘(性)(mysterious adj.神秘的) otherwise adv.[句子副词]否则;除此以外;要不然 pattern n.[C]模式;图案;模范 recycle vt.回收利用;再利用 resource n.[C][常用复数]资源,物力,财力 signal vi.& vt.标明,标志着;发信号 n.[C]信号,标志,暗号;信号灯 solar adj.太阳的;太阳能的 vehicle n.[C][正式用语]交通工具,车辆;手段,工具 三级词汇 attach vt.系,绑,贴,连接(attached adj.附着的;依恋的;附属于　attachment n.附件,附属品,依恋) 　attach great importance to认为……很重要,看重…… facility n.[C][pl.]设施,设备;(用于某种活动、行业或服务的)场所,建筑 float vt.& vi.(使)漂浮(反sink);(使)漂流;(使)浮动 gravity n.[U]重力,引力;严肃;[正式用语]严重性 intelligent adj.聪明的,有智力的;有智慧的(intelligence n.智慧) launch vt.发射;使(船)下水;发动;创办;上市;发起 n.[C][常用单数]发射;(新产品的)上市;(新书的)发行;(事件的)发起 mankind n.[U]人类 monitor n.[C]监视器,监测仪;(学校的)班长 vt.监控,监视,监测 muscle n.[C]&[U]肌肉;[U]体力;实力;影响力 orbit vt.& vi.沿轨道运行;环绕……运行 n.[C]&[U](环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围 二级词汇 analysis n.[C]&[U](pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析;分析结果(analyse v.分析) 　carry out/do an analysis of对……作分析 astronaut n.[C]宇航员;太空人 giant adj.[只用于名词前]巨大的;伟大的 n.[C](神话或想象中的)巨人,伟人;巨兽 globe n.[C]地球;世界;球体,球状物;地球仪 (global adj.全球的;全面的) keen adj.渴望的,热衷的(eager);(关心、兴趣等)强烈的;敏锐的(sharp) leap n.[C]跳跃;剧增;剧变 vi.& vt.(leapt/leaped, leapt/leaped)跳过,跳跃,跃过 procedure n.[C]&[U]步骤,程序,手续 shallow adj.肤浅的;浅的(反 deep) sufficient adj.足够的,充足的 universe n.[C][常与the连用]宇宙;天地万物 closing adj.(讲话、时段或活动)接近尾声的,结尾的,结束的 n.[U](永久的)停业,关闭,倒闭 　in closing最后 spacecraft n.[C](pl.spacecraft)航天器,宇宙飞船 一级词汇 frontier n.[C]边境;国界;边远地区;[常用复数]新领域 rocket n.[C]火箭;火箭弹 vi.快速增长;迅速移动 tissue n.[C]纸巾;[U](人、动植物细胞的)组织 transmit vt.& vi.传输,发送;发射;播送 ◆短语与词块 1.carry on继续做,坚持干 2.on board在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上 3.in the hope of doing sth.抱着……的希望 4.so as to (do sth.)为了;以便 5.figure out弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白 6.result in导致;造成 7.as a result所以;结果(是) 8.provide for sb.提供生活所需 9.in closing最后 10.run out用完;耗尽 ◆句式表达 1.句式:otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句 Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.航天员在太空工作时,不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来,否则所有的东西都会飘走。 2.句式:动词不定式作后置定语 Afterwards,the USSR focused on sending people into space,and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.后来,苏联集中力量把人送入太空。1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 3.句式:be+adj./n.+to do Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。 4.句式:动词-ing形式作主语 Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.首先,探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。 5.句式:状语从句的省略 While sleeping, they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.睡觉的时候,他们必须把自己固定在某物上,以防止四处飘荡。 板块二　默写练习 Ⅰ.核心词块 1.an excellent 一名优秀的航天员 2.follow normal/standard 遵循正常的/标准的步骤 3.the process of remembering 记忆的心理过程 4.all kinds of motor 各种机动车辆 5.a party to his latest novel 他最新小说的首发式 6.low-earth 近地轨道 7. health and happiness渴望健康和幸福 astronaut procedure mental vehicles launch orbit desire 8.a danger/warning 一个危险/警告信号 9. paper 再生纸 10.for of support 因缺乏支持 11. expectation出乎意料 12.a budget for the year 今年的预算 13.without evidence没有充足的证据 14.sports/leisure 体育/休闲设施 15.a sportsman 一名运动爱好者 signal recycled lack beyond current sufficient facilities keen 16.tourists from every corner of the 来自世界各地的游客 17.in waters around the coast在海边浅水水域 18.changing of behaviour 行为变化模式 19.a visitor一位常客 20.the exploitation of natural 自然资源的开发 globe shallow patterns regular resources Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1. adj.失望的;沮丧的→ vt.使失望→_____________ adj.令人失望的→ n.失望;沮丧 2. adj.独立的;自立的→ adv.独立地;自立地→ n.独立;自立 3. n.缺乏;短缺vt.没有;缺乏→ adj.缺乏的;不足的 4. n.地球;世界;地球仪→ adj.全球的;全面的 5. adj.定期的;经常的;正常的→ adv.经常;定期地;有规律地→ adj.无规律的;不正常的 disappointed disappoint disappointing disappointment independent independently independence lack lacking globe global regular regularly irregular 6. adj.有限的→ vt.& n.限制 7. vt.系;绑;贴→ adj.附着的;依恋的;附属于→ n.附件;附属品;依恋 结合语境变形单词 8.The race was of great benefit to the participants,physically and __________(mental). 9.Artificial has been used in many aspects, which reflects man’s and creativity.(intelligent) 10.She is a girl, and once she has to do something, she will make it with great .(determine) limited limit attach attached attachment mentally intelligence intelligence determined determined determination 11.An about whether people should carry on with space exploration took place at the conference and some people that we should stop wasting time and money on it.(argue) 12.We are required to the data before drawing any conclusions. After all, the of the market trends helps us to make better decisions.(analyse) Ⅲ.重点短语 1. solve these problems下定决心解决这些问题  2. an accident导致了一场事故  argument argued analyse analysis be determined to result in 3. 所以;结果(是)  4. a large family养活一大家人  5. 最后  6. 用完;耗尽  7. environmental protection重视环境保护  根据语境完成句子 8.Shoppers flocked to the sales (希望淘到便宜货).  as a result provide for in closing run out attach importance to in the hope of finding a bargain 9.Our parents send us to school ________________________________ (以便使我们能够获取知识) and achieve success in the future.  10.He was trying to (弄清楚为什么相机出问题了).  11.The captain refused to leave the sinking ship because __________ ____________________________ (在船上还有妇女和孩子).  12.Although faced with so many difficulties,I still want to _________ __________________(继续我的课程).  so as to enable us to obtain knowledge figure out why the camera wasn’t working women and children still on board there were (with) my course carry on Ⅳ.句式仿写 1.到目前为止,该组织已经拯救了数千名原本可能会死去的儿童。(otherwise引导含蓄虚拟条件句) Up to now, the organization has saved thousands of children Who __________________________.  2.为了提高我们的学习效率,设定一个具体的目标对我们来说是必要的和有用的。(be+adj./n.+for sb.+to do) To improve our study efficiency, it__________________________ ______________________.  would otherwise have died is necessary and useful for us to set a specific aim 3.这辆自行车配有一对踏板,可以让孩子们在骑行时控制速度和方向。(非限制性定语从句) The bicycle is equipped with a pair of pedals,___________________ _____________________________________________.  which allow children to control their speed and direction while riding 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的→ vt.使失望→ _____________ adj.令人失望的→ n.失望;沮丧 disappoint disappointing disappointment (1)be disappointed at/with/by/about/in...对……感到失望 be disappointed to do sth.对做某事感到失望 be disappointed that...对……感到失望 (2)to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 ①When David heard the news that he didn’t pass the driving test, a look appeared on his face.(disappoint) ②To my disappointment, my son David lacked confidence and was desperate to give up the contest. → was that my son David lacked confidence and was desperate to give up the contest.(what引导的主语从句)  →My son David lacked confidence and was desperate to give up the contest,_______________________________________________.(定语从句)  disappointing disappointed What made me disappointed/What disappointed me which made me disappointed/which disappointed me 2.desire n.渴望;欲望;愿望 vt.渴望;期望→ adj.值得做的 desirable (1)have a (strong) desire to do sth.(迫切)渴望做某事 have a (strong) desire for sth.(迫切)渴望得到某物 (2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事 desire that...(should) do...渴望……(应当)做…… ①(2025·八省联考)Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university, and by a desire (be) part of a cultural community.  ②(2023·全国甲卷)Bangkok is a highly (desire) destination for food lovers. ③既然你强烈渴望学习中国文化,那么我认为北京语言大学是你的理想去处。(推荐信) Since , I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.  to be desirable you have a strong desire to learn Chinese culture 3.lack vt.缺乏;缺少;没有 n.缺乏;短缺→ adj.不足的;缺乏的 lacking (1)(a) lack of缺少…… for/through lack of因缺少…… (2)be lacking in在……方面缺乏 ① lack of sufficient oxygen, the astronaut could not carry on with his mission. ②Though (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university. ③由于缺乏人类的保护,长江江豚(Yangtze Finless Porpoise)的数量正变得越来越少。(野生动物保护) _________________________________________________________________________________________________ For/Through lacking For/Through lack of human protection,the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller.  4.argue vt.& vi.争论;争辩;论证→ n.争论;争辩;争吵;论点 argument (1)argue with sb. about/over sth. 因某事与某人争吵/争论 argue for/against (doing) sth. 赞成/反对(做)某事 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that主张……,认为…… (2)beyond argument无可争论 ①Heated (argue) and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents. ②我本想说服他戒烟,但很快我意识到,和他争论这个问题没有用,因为他太固执了。 I had intended to , but soon I realized , because he was too stubborn.  arguments argue him into quitting/giving up smoking it was no use arguing with him about/over the issue ③(2022·全国乙卷)根据上面的图表,65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲,而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语经典著作提高他们的英语水平。 Based on the above chart, 65% of the students listening to English songs while 18% of the students ___________________ ________________________by reading English classics.  argue for argue that they can have their English level improved 5.attach vt.系;绑;贴;把……固定;重视→ adj.附加的;依恋的,爱慕的→ n.附件;附属品;依恋 (1)attach...to...把……附在……上;把……绑在……上 attach importance/significance/value/weight to...认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量 (2)be attached to喜欢,依恋;附属于 attached attachment ①Learning strategies, which teachers have attached importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. ②He is so attached to the network games that he often plays truant. → ____________, he often plays truant.(形容词短语作状语)  ③如果你能抽出一些时间来审查这封电子邮件所附的草稿并作出必要的更改,我将不胜感激。(求助信) I would be grateful if you could spare some time to review the draft script and make necessary changes.  to Attached to the network games (which is) attached to this email 6.carry on 继续做,坚持干(continue doing sth.) carry on with sth./doing sth.继续(做)某事(相当于go on with sth./doing sth.) carry out实行;执行;进行;履行(诺言、义务等) carry through使渡过(难关等);履行;完成 用carry相关短语的正确形式填空 ①The team has been working hard to the research project within the deadline.However, if the workers working like that, they may break down sooner or later.  ②The company managed to the restructuring process successfully, which led to significant improvements in efficiency.  carry out carry on carry through 7.result in导致;造成 (1)result from由……导致;因……而产生 (2)as a result因此 as a result of由于…… without result没有结果;徒劳地 ①用result相关短语的正确形式填空 Traffic jams the increase in the number of private cars and the imperfect public transport system a series of problems such as air pollution and noise pollution._________, the government decides to take some measures to deal with it, for example, promoting new energy vehicles and optimizing public transport systems.  result from results in As a result ②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)公园里的这堂艺术课不仅为我们提供了一个接近自然的机会,而且还带来了令人难以置信的清爽。 Not only did the art class in the park provide us with an opportunity to get close to nature but also incredible refreshment.  it resulted in 8.run out用完;耗尽(物作主语,无被动语态) run out of用光,用完(人作主语,有被动语态) run across偶然遇到 run after追逐;追求 run into撞上;遇上,偶然遇到;碰上(困境、麻烦等) 用run相关短语的正确形式填空 ①The moment we a cute wild rabbit, we rode our horses and it in excitement.  ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David’s energy was but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids, he was plodding (步履艰难) his way towards the finishing line, bathed in sweat.  ③我已经失去了所有的耐心,我开始勃然大怒。(愤怒表达) I had and I began to explode with anger.  ran across/into ran after running out run out of all my patience 勃然大怒 9.含有otherwise的含蓄虚拟条件句 (1)otherwise意为“否则”,有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件,此时句子用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟,其后句子的谓语动词用“would/could have done”;表示对现在的虚拟,其后句子的谓语动词用“would/could do”。 (2)otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句+otherwise+陈述句”。 [教材原句]　Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.航天员在太空工作时,不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来,否则所有的东西都会飘走。 ①我们当时不知道你遇到了困难,要不然我们会帮助你的。 We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time;________________ _____________________.  ②谢谢你的及时帮助;否则现在我们就麻烦大了。 Thank you for your timely help;______________________________ _______ now.  ③抓住机会吧,否则你会遗憾的。 Take the chance;________________________.  have given you a hand otherwise we would otherwise we would be in great trouble otherwise you will regret it Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1.It is beyond (argue) that the Great Wall is the symbol of China. 2.Research has shown that having a preference for junk food can result ___ obesity. 3.As far as I know, Amy was the first person (witness) the car accident.  4.Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack sufficient nutrition. 5. (determine) to study hard, he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor to read at night. argument in to witness of Determined 6.We were all disappointed the news that our sports meeting was cancelled because of the rain. 7.To be honest, the majority of people attach importance to __________ (become) famous and rich. 8.If you desire (communicate) with foreigners freely, I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.  9.I have no money on me now.Otherwise, I (lend) some to you.  10.By taking exercise (regular), I have grown healthy physically and mentally. at/with/about/by becoming to communicate would lend regularly Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1.得知你很想学好汉语,我想给你一些建议。 Knowing__________________________________________, I’d like to offer you some suggestions.  2.首先,我认为你应该有强大的决心和毅力,否则你将不会实现你的目标。 Firstly, I argue that you should have strong determination and perseverance; otherwise__________________________________.  you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well you would not achieve your goal 3.此外,要掌握汉语,我认为最好定期用中文写日记,并练习这门语言。 Besides, to master Chinese, I believe it is better ________________ _________________ and practice the language.  4.缺乏足够的练习将导致进步甚微,从而某一天会让你失望。 Lack of enough practice will , which will disappoint you some day.  to keep diaries in Chinese regularly result in little progress 5.此外,请在听、说、读、写时重视汉语思维,这是提高你的汉语水平的有效方法之一。 What’s more, please when listening, speaking, reading and writing, which is one of the effective methods to improve your Chinese.  attach importance to thinking in Chinese Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义  1.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. 生义:____________ 熟义:n.监视器 2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. 生义:___________________ 熟义:adj.经常的 v.监视,监听 adj.正常的;普通的 3.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. 生义:__________________________ 熟义:v.(使)漂流 vt.提出,提请考虑(想法或计划) 4.current A.adj.现在的,当前的 B.adj.流通的　 C.n.气流;水流　 D.n.潮流 (1)He swam to the shore against a strong current. __ (2)The current money in China is Renminbi.__ (3)We should try our best to go with the current of the times. __ (4)With the current footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century,” Johnson said in an email.__ C B D A 培优2　单元话题写作——太空探险 　　根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Stephen, 　　There exists a problem between my parents and me, ① _____ ____________________________________(使我很难专心学习;make it+宾语补足语+for sb.+to do,非谓语作状语).  ② (决定解决它;形容词短语作状语), I’m writing to seek your help.  it hard for me to concentrate on my study making Determined to settle it ③ (我对太空探索如此着迷;倒装句) that I often (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:④________) go to the library to read something about space exploration.However, this makes my parents very angry because they think ⑤____________________________ _____________________ (我的爱好会导致我学习成绩不好).They warn me to give it up.Otherwise, ⑥_____________________________ _________(他们决定不供养我),⑦____________________________ ___________(这让我很失望;非限制性定语从句).I firmly believe that ⑧ __________________________________________________ (你能够说服我父母支持我的爱好).  Yours, Li Hua So keen on space exploration am I regularly my hobby will result in my poor Academic performance they are determined not to provide which disappoints me/makes me you can argue my parents into for me disappointed supporting my hobby 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　determined;determine;disappointed;disappoint;disappointment;disappointing;desire;desirable;in the hope of;keen [动作描写]　leap;signal;float;lack;argue;provide for sb.;run out 美句 1.People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space.(动作描写) 2.However, scientists were determined to realise that dream.(情感描写) 3.However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.(情感描写+无生命名词作主语) 4.Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.(主旨升华) 5.As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.(拟人) Step 2　语料运用　【亲情之母爱篇】 和妈妈大吵之后,我重重地摔上门,冲出房子。既失望又沮丧,我感觉自己好像漂浮在无限悲伤的海洋里。后来,我站在一个摊位旁,由于缺钱而叹了口气。 ①______________________________ _______(现在分词短语作状语), I stormed out of the house, slamming the door heavily.② ________________________(形容词短语作状语), I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness.Later, I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money. Having argued with my mother fiercely and frustrated Disappointed 摊主注意到了我的窘境,微笑着向我打招呼,示意我坐下。我被感动哭了。摊主微笑着说:“孩子,正是你的妈妈从你出生那天起就一直在为你提供生活所需!”我擦干眼泪,站了起来,像风一样跑回家。 The seller noticed my dilemma, ③_______ _________________________________________(动作链).I was moved to tears.The seller smiled, “Girl, ④_________________ _________________________ (强调句) from when you were born!” I wiped my tears, leapt to my feet and ⑤ ___________ ___________(比喻句).  me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit greeted down has been providing for you it is your mother who like a wind ran for home 语料积累 【情感细节描写:惊讶(二)】 单词 shocked;stun;stunned;jaw-dropping;open-mouthed; unbelievable/incredible;shake 词块 eyes widen in surprise/astonishment惊讶地睁大眼睛;wear a look of surprise on one’s face面带惊讶的表情;be numb with surprise/shock惊呆;a look of surprise spreads over/flashes across one’s face脸上闪过惊讶的表情;one’s mouth dropped/hung open in surprise惊讶地张大嘴 句型 So stunned was she that she could hardly say any word.(倒装结构) 她惊愕得说不出话来。 They stopped in their tracks, raised their heads and stared at him in amazement. 他们停下脚步,抬起头,惊讶地注视着他。 A look of surprise spread over the face of my companion as he listened to my story.(无生命名词作主语) 我的同伴听了我的故事,脸上露出惊讶的表情。 Rose froze with shock, as if rooted on the ground.(比喻句) 罗斯惊呆了,好像扎根在地上一样。 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A 　　Food is key to our daily functions by ①fueling our activity and supporting our bodies and minds.In space, where astronauts confront extreme environmental and physical changes, the need for safe, nutritious and energy-laden food is particularly vital to overall health. Space food must provide adequate energy to fuel astronauts on their ②demanding missions, according to NASA. In microgravity (low gravity state that makes astronauts appear to be weightless) environments, proper nutrition can fight against the resulting ③degradation of bones and muscles. For example, vitamins D,K and C aid in synthesizing (合成) calcium into bone. Meanwhile, dietary supplements like iron, omega-3 fatty acids and B12 can make up for dietary insufficiencies. After decades of nutritional studies and food technology advancements, NASA has shifted focus away from supplements and dietary formulas (配方) toward providing as many nutrients from fruits and vegetables as possible. However, it can be difficult to rely heavily on fruits and vegetables as a space food source because they don’t contain many calories.This poses an issue for spaceflight, where cargo (货物) room is precious. NASA can’t merely consider health when designing space food, though.The nutritional value of a meal only goes so far if it doesn’t ④appeal to astronauts. Rather, Grace Douglas, lead scientist for NASA’s Advanced Food Technology research group, and her colleagues aim to offer astronauts several meal options to avoid menu fatigue (疲劳). Such variety also provides psychological health benefits.“Food becomes more important with mission duration because it’s one of the only familiar things that they have,”Douglas says. As space organizations look ahead to long-duration missions, it will be key to craft a sustainable food source that doesn’t require resupply missions. To achieve this, NASA scientists are studying the best ways to grow crops in microgravity. On the International Space Station, astronauts have successfully grown a variety of leafy greens and flowers in the Vegetable Production System, known as Veggie.Eating a fresh leafy green could help astronauts feel connected with the distant green planet they call home. 　 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空食物对宇航员的健康至关重要,NASA致力于为宇航员提供安全、营养丰富、种类多样的食物,并且将为宇航员执行更长时间的太空任务而研究可持续太空食物来源。 1 2 3 4 1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?(　　) A.The importance of space food design. B.The challenges for astronauts in space. C.The general requirements for space food. D.The impact of microgravity on astronauts. C 解析:段落大意题。通读第二段可知,该段强调了太空食物在营养和能量供给方面的重要性,以及在设计太空食物时需要考虑的各种因素,如营养补充和饮食配方。因此,这一段的主要内容是关于太空食物的一般要求。 1 2 3 4 2.How do Douglas’s team enhance astronauts’ dining experience?(　　) A.They make food look appealing. B.They rearrange the menu schedule. C.They provide multiple food choices. D.They conduct taste tests on astronauts. C 1 2 3 4 解析:细节理解题。根据题干可定位到第四段,由该段第三句中的“her colleagues aim to offer astronauts several meal options to avoid menu fatigue”可知,Douglas和她的同事们设法为航天员提供多种膳食选择,以避免菜单疲劳。provide multiple food choices是offer astronauts several meal options的同义替换。 1 2 3 4 3.What can astronauts expect from Veggie?(　　) A.A supplement to the oxygen supply. B.Provision of psychological comfort. C.Enhancement of the nutritional quality. D.An improvement in communication with Earth. B 1 2 3 4 解析:推理判断题。根据题干中的Veggie定位到第五段,由最后两句可知,在国际空间站上,宇航员已经成功地在蔬菜生产系统中种植了各种绿叶蔬菜和花卉。而吃新鲜的绿叶蔬菜可能会帮助宇航员与他们称之为家的遥远的绿色星球有心理上的连接。这表明利用Veggie种植出的绿叶蔬菜能够提供心理慰藉。 1 2 3 4 4.What can be a suitable title for the text?(　　) A.How Do Astronauts Eat in Space? B.What Makes Space Food So Special? C.What Space Food Will We Have in the Future? D.How Do Scientists Build the Best Diet for Astronauts? D 1 2 3 4 解析:标题归纳题。第一、二段介绍了安全、营养丰富和高能量的太空食物对宇航员健康的重要性。第三、四段强调了除了营养价值,提供多样的饮食以避免菜单疲劳也很重要。第五段提出了解决方法——研究不需要补给任务的可持续食物来源。因此,“科学家如何为宇航员制定最佳饮食?”最适合作为文章的标题。 [语境猜词] ①fuel (转) 文章义: [熟义:n.燃料] ②demanding (派) [demand n./v.要求+-ing] ③degradation (派) [degrade v.降低,削弱　 e→-ation]  ④appeal to_____ v.(为身体)提供能量 adj.要求高的 n.损害, 衰退,恶化 吸引 B 　　The growing presence of space debris (碎片) in low Earth orbit (LEO) ①poses a significant threat to satellites and other orbiting assets. Consequently, the concern about destructive collisions (碰撞) and the potential for debris re-entry to Earth’s atmosphere has intensified. Researchers are turning to artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to ②address these challenges to enhance debris removal, collision prediction, and orbit management strategies. One approach, described in a paper presented at the 2nd near-Earth object (NEO) and Debris Detection Conference earlier this year, involves using a “genetic” algorithm (算法) to monitor the motion of space debris. Researchers aim to improve the capture and removal processes by focusing on slower-moving objects. Additionally, neural networks (神经网络) are being developed to anticipate and reduce collisions in LEO. These networks are trained on historical data to identify space debris motion patterns and predict future paths, enabling effective collision-avoidance movements for active space missions and orbiting satellites. Historical statistics and predictive modeling have shown that the risk of such collisions is significantly higher in LEO compared to medium Earth orbit (MEO). However, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations of AI-based approaches, as they assume that future conditions are similar to present ones, potentially overlooking critical variables such as atmospheric density. To address these limitations, continuous updates and real-time information are essential for improving the ③adaptability of AI models.By incorporating new debris detections and ④orbital changes, algorithms can better account for the evolving spatial environment. Balancing the use of AI with a comprehensive understanding of the uncertainties and challenges in space debris management will be vital for ensuring the long-term sustainability of LEO. Overall, integrating AI into space debris monitoring, removal, and collision ⑤avoidance strategies holds promise for safeguarding satellite operations and maintaining the charming beauty of photos from LEO. However, it is essential to remain cautious of these technologies’ limitations and unknowns and continually improve and update them with real-world data to enhance their effectiveness. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近地轨道中日益增多的太空碎片对卫星和其他沿轨道运行的资产构成威胁,以及研究人员如何运用人工智能应对这些挑战。 5.What is one of the main concerns regarding space debris in LEO?(　　) A.The cost of debris removal. B.The risk of disastrous collisions. C.The impact on space exploration. D.The damage to the spatial environment. B 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Consequently, the concern about destructive collisions and the potential for debris re-entry to Earth’s atmosphere has intensified.”可知,目前人们对破坏性碰撞以及太空碎片可能重新进入地球大气层的担忧加剧。disastrous是destructive的同义替换。 5 6 7 8 6.How can neural networks help with space debris management?(　　) A.By creating predictive models. B.By employing genetic algorithms. C.By monitoring fast-moving objects. D.By accelerating the capture process. A 5 6 7 8 解析:推理判断题。根据题干中neural networks定位到第二段,由最后一句可知,这些神经网络通过历史数据进行训练,以识别太空碎片运动模式并预测未来移动路径,从而为活跃的太空任务和沿轨道运行的卫星实现有效的避免碰撞移动。由此推知,神经网络可以创建预测模型,帮助进行太空碎片管理。 5 6 7 8 7.What is crucial for improving AI-based approaches?(　　) A.Regularly testing its adaptability. B.Continuously integrating live data. C.Studying past and present space conditions. D.Reducing uncertainties in debris management. B 5 6 7 8 解析:细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“To address these limitations, continuous updates and real-time information are essential for improving the adaptability of AI models.”可知,为了解决人工智能的局限性问题,关键是进行持续更新和使用实时信息来提高人工智能模型的适应性。Continuously integrating live data是continuous updates and real-time information的同义替换。 5 6 7 8 8.What is the author’s attitude toward AI-based approaches?(　　) A.Favorable.　　　　　 B.Doubtful. C.Dismissive. D.Enthusiastic. A 5 6 7 8 解析:观点态度题。根据最后一段可知,将人工智能融入太空碎片监测、清除和避免碰撞策略中,有望保障卫星运行并保持近地轨道照片的迷人之美。然而,必须对这些技术的局限性和未知性保持谨慎,并不断利用真实数据对其进行改进和更新,以提高其有效性。由此推断,作者对人工智能的方法持赞成的态度。 [语境猜词] ①pose (转) 文章义:_________________________ [熟义:n.为拍照等摆的姿势] ②address (转) 文章义: [熟义:n. 地址] ③adaptability (合): ______ [adapt v.(使)适应+ability n.能力] ④orbital (派) [orbit n. 轨道+-al] ⑤avoidance (派) [avoid v. 避开+-ance] v.造成,引起(问题、危险等) v.解决 n.适应性;适应力 adj.轨道的 n.避免;避开 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的梦想提出了一些建议。 (2024·江苏南京、盐城调研) 　　Pursue Your Dreams Today, Not Tomorrow 　　Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams? We often postpone our dreams, trapped in a cycle of delay.But why wait?1(　　)You don’t have to take a huge, life-changing step.You can take minute steps toward a brighter future.And start right now.  A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 1.答案:B 解析:空后提到“你没有必要迈出巨大的改变命运的一步”,所以空处应是表达可以从小事开始做出改变,故B项“从小事开始做出改变是完全可以接受的”符合语境。 　2(　　)If you never try, you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets.You’re always going to wonder how your life would have turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself.Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.  A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 2.答案:C 解析:根据下文,尤其是“if you actually took a chance on yourself”和“Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.”可推知,本段主要是强调“自己”在实现梦想中的主体作用,故C项“你应该为了自己去追逐你的梦想”符合语境。 　 It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed.Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their fields.3(　　)Embrace a mindset of determination, knowing that success is within your reach.  A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 3.答案:G 解析:空前提到“你的年龄不重要,身边有多少人提醒你你将永远不会成功也不重要,甚至最成功的人都会犹豫”,空后提到“要拥有坚定的思维模式,知道成功就在触手可及的范围内”,所以空处应是鼓励读者摆脱疑虑,坚定信心,故G项“尽管很难,在你的脑海中摆脱疑惑是至关重要的”符合语境。 　　At the end of the day, you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction.If you allow your fear to get the best of you, you’re never going to forgive yourself.4(　　) It’s what you would encourage your friends to do, so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push?  A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 4.答案:F 解析:空后句子表示“这是你会鼓励你朋友去做的事情”,句中的it应是指代空处句子描述的行为,并且该行为应是积极的,且空前表示不要让恐惧占了上风,故F项“你需要丢掉你的不安并且探索你的全部潜力”符合语境。 　 Sometimes, following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day.It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule, but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your heart.Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams.5(　　)  　　Pursue your dreams now, even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone, and even though it means entering the unknown. A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 5.答案:E 解析:空前主要讲“有时候追随你的爱好意味着你每天都要花很多时间。它可能需要你根据你的计划作出微小的调整,但是你没有必要为了跟从内心而牺牲一切。努力在你目前的生活和你的梦想之间找到一种平衡”。故E项“如果一切顺利,你可以慢慢地作出进一步的改变”符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了红旗渠建设的背景、过程和意义。 　 (2024·安徽合肥第一次质量检测)There is a Chinese story of an old man in his 90s working with his family to remove mountains to connect the outside world 1　　　　　others’ doubts. The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome difficulties with 2　　　　　(determine) and hard work.  1.答案:despite 解析:考查介词。结合句意“一个90多岁的老人和他的家人,不顾他人的质疑,一起移山以连接外部世界”可知,空处的意思是“不管,不顾”,空后接的是名词短语,所以空处填despite。 2.答案:determination 解析:考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处跟在介词with的后面作宾语,需要用名词形式,所以空处填determination。 The story became a reality in Lin County, Henan Province in the 1960s. A 1,500-kilometer-long waterway along the cliffs (悬崖) of the Taihang Mountains 3　　　　　　(build) by the local people within 10 years, bringing precious water from the Zhang River in the bordering Shanxi Province to the drought-hit area.  3.答案:was built 解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作句子的谓语,结合上一句的时间状语in the 1960s可知,此处讲的是过去发生的事情,时态用一般过去时;主语a 1,500-kilometer-long waterway和build之间是逻辑上的动宾关系;主语为第三人称单数,所以空处填was built。 Initially, finding drinking water was 4　　　　　　 headache for the residents:People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day. 5　　　　　　 (ease) this area’s water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, 6______________ construction was a remarkable engineering achievement.  4.答案:a 解析:考查冠词。结合句意“找饮用水对当地人来说是一件令人头疼的事情”可知,空处需要用冠词,表示泛指概念,又因空后的headache的发音以辅音音素开头,所以空处填a。 5.答案:To ease 解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是decided,空处在句中作非谓语。结合句意“为了缓解该地区的水资源短缺问题,当地政府决定修建一条横跨山脉的水渠”可知,空处应用动词不定式短语作目的状语。又因设空处位于句首,首字母需大写,所以空处填To ease。 6.答案:whose 解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是表示物的名词canal,与construction之间是从属关系,所以空处填whose。 People tied ropes around their waists and 7　　　　　(hang) off cliffs, drilling holes in rocks, and then dug canals with simple tools. From February 1960 to July 1969, they leveled 1,250 mountain tops and dug 211 tunnels (隧道), 8　　　　　　(remove) 22.25 million cubic meters of earth and rocks.  7.答案:hung 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,空处与and前面的tied并列,作本句的谓语。本句讲的是过去发生的事情,时态用一般过去时;people和hang之间为主谓关系,所以空处填hung。 8.答案:removing 解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是leveled和dug,空处在句中作非谓语。逻辑主语they与remove之间是主谓关系,所以空处填removing。 Their efforts gained multiple 9　　　　　　 (benefit). It was the canal that 10　　　　　　 (dramatic) changed the life of the local people, irrigating (灌溉) 36,000 hectares of land and solving water supply difficulties for some 567,000 people. Their deeds have been hailed (称颂) as the “spirit of the Red Flag Canal”.  9.答案:benefits 解析:考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知,空处作gained的宾语,benefit在此处作名词,根据空前的multiple可知,空处需要用名词复数,所以空处填benefits。 10.答案:dramatically 解析:考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后的动词changed,需要用副词,所以空处填dramatically。 $$