必修2 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版）

必修第二册 UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 主题语境　历史、社会与文化 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 ◆重难点词汇 五级词汇 amount n.[C]&[U]数量;金额 　a large/huge amount of大量的 charge vt.充电;收费;控告 n.[C]&[U]收费;指控;[U]主管 　take charge of/be in charge of负责 　in/under sb.’s charge由某人负责 　free of charge免费 背诵默写本 四级词汇 achievement n.[C]成就,成绩;[U]达到,完成(achieve vt.达到;实现) 　a sense of achievement成就感 announce vt.通知;宣布;声称(announcement n.宣布,通知　announcer n.广播员,解说员) approach vi.靠近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 n.[C]方法,途径;[U]接近(~to) belong vi.属(于);应在(某处);适应 (belonging n.归属;[pl.] 所有物,财产) 　belong to属于,是……的成员,应归入 crowd vt.使……拥挤;挤满,塞满 vi.聚集,涌进,蜂拥而至 n.[C]人群;民众;一群人(crowded adj.拥挤的) custom n.[C]&[U]风俗,习俗;[sing.][正式用语](个人的)习惯(habit) eager adj.渴望的,热切的(eagerly adv.热心地;急切地　eagerness n.热切;渴望) 　(be) eager to do sth.渴望做某事 　(be) eager for渴望得到 evidence n.[C]& [U]证据(proof);证明(evident adj.明显的) greet vt.向……打招呼,迎接(welcome);问候 (greeting n.问候;致意) 　greet sb. with以……和某人打招呼 individual adj.[只用于名词前]单独的;个别的 n.[C]个人,个体 nearby adv.在附近 adj.[常用于名词前]附近的;邻近的 position vt.安装;安置,安放 n.[C]&[U]姿态;地位;[C]位置;职位;处境;立场 puzzle n.[C]难题;谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.使困惑;迷惑(puzzling adj.令人困惑的　puzzled adj.感到困惑的) 　solve this puzzle解决这一难题 roll vt.& vi.(使)滚动,转动;(使)翻滚 n.[C]卷(轴);翻滚;(正式的)名册 三级词汇 ancestor n.[C]祖宗;祖先 battle n.[C]&[U]战役,搏斗;[C]斗争,较量 vt.& vi.奋斗;(与……)斗争,(与……)搏斗 　battle with/against与……搏斗 　battle for为……而战 chief adj.[只用于名词前]首要的,最重要的;首席的,最高级别的 n.[C](公司或机构的)首领,领袖,上司;酋长 defence n.[U]保卫,防御;[C]&[U]防御能力(defend v.防御;保卫　defensive adj.防御的;保护的) ensure vt.担保;确保,保证(make sure) fascinating adj.迷人的,极有吸引力的(fascinate v.使……入迷,迷住　fascinated adj.着迷的) generous adj.慷慨的,大方的;丰富的(generosity n.慷慨;大方) landscape n.[C](陆上,尤指乡村的)风景;[C]&[U]风景画 legal adj.[只用于名词前]法律的;合法的;法定的(illegal adj.不合法的　legally adv.法律上) military adj.军事的,军用的 philosophy n.[U]哲学;[C]哲学体系;人生哲学 poet n.[C]诗人[poem n.诗歌;poetry n.诗歌(总称)] port n.[C]港口(城市) striking adj.引人注目的;显著的;惊人的(strike vt.打击;攻击;打动 n.罢工) surround vt.包围,围绕;围困;与……紧密相关 (surrounding adj.周围的;附近的　surroundings n.环境) 二级词汇 conquer vt.占领,控制,征服,战胜;克服(困难等);破除(坏习惯等) feast n.[C]盛宴,宴会;节日 　a feast for the eyes视觉盛宴 kingdom n.[C]王国;领域 location n.[C]地方;地点;位置(locate vt. 确定……的准确地点,找出……的位置　located adj.坐落于,位于) 一级词汇 Confucius n.孔子 currency n.[C]&[U]货币;通货 ◆短语与词块 1.join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来 2.break away (from sb./sth.)脱离;背叛;逃脱 3.as well as同(一样也);和;还 4.keep your eyes open (for)留心;留意 5.take over(武力)占领,接管,控制 6.leave behind留下;把……抛在后面,超过 7.do a research project做一个研究项目 8.be similar to与……相似 9.be confused by/about对……感到困惑 10.result in导致,造成 11.be referred to as被称作…… 12.date back to Roman times追溯到罗马时代 ◆句式表达 1.句式: what引导宾语从句 The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean.联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。 2.句式:if条件状语从句的省略形式 So what is the difference between them,if any?如果有的话,那么它们之间的区别是什么呢? 3.句式:have sth. done They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.他们在英格兰各地建造城堡,并对法律体系进行改革。 4.句式:with复合结构 The peaceful landscape of the“Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 5.句式:It is+adj.+that ... With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.乡村景色如此优美,在爱尔兰形成这些浓厚的传统包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。 Ⅰ.核心词块 1. each member of the community社区中的每个成员 2. the cause/problem/reason 主要原因/问题/理由 3. a book of for children 儿童谜语书 4. in a town在附近的一个小镇上 5. be eager to do service 渴望服兵役 individual chief puzzles nearby military 板块二　默写练习 6. soldiers who died in of their country 为保卫祖国而献 身的战士 7. the for a popular TV series一部热门电视连续剧的拍 摄场地 8. a of wills 意志的较量 9. get our car battery 给我们的汽车电池充电 10. an of time/money/information 一段时间/一笔钱/一 些信息 defence location battle charged amount 11. a different to the problem 一种不同的解决问题的 方法 12. a smooth transition 确保平稳过渡 13. the beautiful natural 美丽的自然景观 14. be in giving help 乐于助人 15. take up one’s 就位 16. try not to between meals 两餐之间尽量不要吃点心 17. an old/ancient 一种旧的/古老的习俗 18. into the hall 挤入大厅 approach ensure landscape generous position snack custom crowd Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1. n.防御;保卫→ v.防御;保卫 → adj.防御的;保护的 2. n.地方;地点;位置→ vt.确定……的准确 地点;找出……的位置→ adj.坐落于;位于 3. adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的→ v. 使……入迷,迷住→ adj.着迷的 defence defend defensive location locate located fascinating fascinate fascinated 4. vt.宣布;通知;声称→ n.宣布;通 知→ n.广播员;解说员 5. adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→ n.慷 慨;大方 6. adj.热切的;渴望的→ adv.热心地;急切地 → n.热切;渴望 7. vt.问候;迎接→ n.问候;致意 announce announcement announcer generous generosity eager eagerly eagerness greet greeting 8. You can tell this by café life.French cafés are always ⁠ (crowd). 9. It was that all the ⁠ we collected proved him to be innocent.(evident) 10. The house he lives in ⁠ to his uncle,but all the ⁠ in the house are his. (belong) 11. Her look suggested that the ⁠ question really ⁠ her. (puzzle) crowded evident evidence belongs belongings puzzled puzzling puzzled 结合语境变形单词 Ⅲ.重点短语 1. a different era 属于另一个时代  2. be sales 负责销售  3. read this column 急于读这个专栏  4. onlookers 一大群围观者  5. 留意  belong to in charge of be eager to a crowd of keep your eyes open 6. The highway completed last year has ⁠ (把我们村与城市连接起来).  7. As is known to all, good friends ⁠ (给生活增加幸福和价值).  8. Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me ⁠ (脱离我所有的朋友) and never contact them.  joined our village to the city add happiness and value to life to break away from all of my friends 根据语境完成句子 Ⅳ.句式仿写 1. 我被他的所作所为深深打动了,泪水情不自禁地夺眶而出。 (what引导宾语从句) I was deeply moved by ⁠, tears rolling down without control.  what he had done 2. 我感觉到他的窘境化为对我的信任,他的眼睛闪烁着决心和希 望。(with复合结构) I sensed that his dilemma gave way to trust in me, ⁠ ⁠.  3. 你没通过考试不足为奇,因为你没有付出努力。(It is+adj.+that...) ⁠, because you hadn’t made an effort.  with his eyes twinkling with determination and hope It is not surprising that you failed the exam 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.surround vt.包围;围绕→ adj.周围的;附近的 → n.环境 surround...with...用……包围…… be surrounded by/with被……包围 surrounding surroundings ②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, (surround) by blooming flowers. ③您可以给我一些关于如何快速适应新环境的有益的建议吗?(求 助信) surrounded ①Surrounding yourself ⁠ people who are positive can be very beneficial to your mental health. with Would you please offer me some beneficial advice on ⁠ ___________________________ . ⁠ how to adapt to the new surroundings quickly 2.charge vt.收费;控告;充电;(向……)冲 n.收费;指控;主管 (1)charge sb.with (doing) sth.=accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人 犯……罪 charge sb.money for sth.因某事/某物收某人钱 (2)free of charge=for free免费 in charge of掌管(表示状态) take charge of掌管(表示动作) in the charge of被……掌管;由……负责 ①The police have collected enough evidence to charge the man ⁠ murder. 　　　　　　　　　　 with ②  It was surprising that the restaurant charged us money ⁠ the extra plates.  ③上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈 的讨论。 for it作形式主语 Last week we had a heated debate about ⁠ .  whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge/for free ④据说新经理下周将掌管公司。 It is said that the new manager will ⁠ .⁠ take charge of the company next week ⑤If I were in charge of a school, I would also be very strict with the students who don’t behave well. →If a school were ⁠, I would also be very strict with the students who don’t behave well.  in the charge of me 3.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称→ n.宣布;通知 → n.广播员;解说员 announcement announcer (1)announce sth.to sb.=announce to sb.sth.向某人宣布某事 It is announced that...据宣布…… as is announced...正如宣布的那样…… (2)make an announcement (to sb.)(向某人)发通知 ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Our teacher announced ⁠ us that I won first place in the writing competition.Hearing the ⁠ (announce), I was too excited to say a word. ②据宣布,这里将修建一个新的火车站,以促进其旅游业。 to announcement ⁠ a new railway station will be built here to promote its tourism.  ③大家请注意,我要下个重要通知。(通知开头句) Attention, please .________________________________________.⁠ It is announced that I have an important announcement to make 4.amount n.金额;数量 v.总计,共计;相当于,等于 (1)the amount of...……的数量 “大量/少量的”表达: a large/small amount of+n.[U]+v.(单数) large/small amounts of+n.[U]+v.(复数) (2)amount to共计,总计;等于,相当于 ①A large amount of pension ⁠ (be) needed, which has unexpected effects on our economy. ②为了保持健康,有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。(运动与健康) is In order to keep healthy, ⁠ ⁠.  ③暑假期间我一共挣了100美元,这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。 The money I earned during the summer holidays ⁠ ⁠, which could help support my family.  a proper amount of regular exercise is quite necessary amounted to 100 dollars 5.approach n.接近;方法;途径 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近 (1)an approach to (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法/途径 at the approach of...在快到……的时候 (2)with...approaching在……快到的时候 ①All the ⁠ (approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday. ②(译林选必二)To achieve this aim, many approaches to ⁠ (create) true AI have been put forward, including “deep learning”. approaches creating → ⁠, I’m planning to travel to many places.(状语从句)  → ⁠, I’m planning to travel to many places.(with复合结构)  As the summer vacation is approaching With the summer vacation approaching ③At the approach of the summer vacation, I’m planning to travel to many places. 6.eager adj.渴望的;热切的→ adv.热心地;急切地 → n.热切;渴望 (1)be eager to do sth.渴望做某事 be eager for sth.渴望得到某物 eagerly eagerness (2)with eagerness=eagerly热切地;急切地 ①Learning that you’re leaving for the United States soon, I’m ⁠ (eager) writing to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help.(感谢信) ②When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday, the boy couldn’t hide his ⁠ (eager). ③得知你渴望来中国接受大学教育,我迫不及待地表示热烈欢 迎。 eagerly eagerness Knowing that you ⁠ ⁠, I can’t wait to show my warm welcome.  are eager to come to China for college education 7.break away (from sb./sth.)脱离;背叛;逃脱 break down出故障;失败;垮掉;分解 break in破门而入;打断(谈话等) break into强行闯入;突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发;发生(无被动语态) break up解体;分解;解散;分手;结束;放假 ①(译林选必二)A terrible fire broke ⁠ on Sunday night, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged. ②My dog suddenly (挣脱我), charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.(动作链描写)  ③听到这个消息,他崩溃了,眼泪从脸颊流下来。(悲伤表达) , tears pouring down his cheeks.  　 out broke away from me Hearing the news, he broke down 独立主格结构 ④他们在比赛中获得第一名的好消息一宣布,孩子们就欢呼起 来。(高兴表达) The moment the good news that they won first prize in the contest was announced, .⁠ the children broke into cheers (1)a sense of belonging归属感 8.belong to属于;是……的成员;是……的组成部分→ ⁠ vi.应在(某处);适应,合得来→ n.[U]归属;[pl.]动产, 财物 belong belonging (2)belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态,作非谓语时要使用doing形 式,用法相同的短语还有date back to(追溯到)、consist of(包括)、 take place(发生)等。 ①Having sold most of his ⁠ (belong), he almost had nothing left in the house. ②Paper-cutting has a history of over 1,500 years, ⁠ (belong) to traditional art in China. ③正是因为我慷慨善良的同学们,我才有了归属感。 belongings belonging It is because of my generous and kind-hearted classmates __________ ______________________.⁠ that I feel a sense of belonging (1)as well as意为“既……又……”,可连接两个平行结构,连接并列 主语时谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 (2)as well意为“也;又;还”,位于句末。 (3)may/might (just) as well do sth. 最好还是做某事;不妨做某事 9.as well as同(一样也);和;还 ①I as well as other five students in our class ⁠ (be) chosen to participate in the upcoming cross-country running race. ②As well as ⁠ (have)difficulty communicating with locals, she found the culture difference was another challenge for her. ③她泪如泉涌,心也要碎了。(悲伤表达) Tears welled up in her eyes, and ⁠ .⁠ was having her heart seemed to be torn as well if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句,相当于if (there is/are) any...,常 见的if条件状语从句的省略形式有: if not如果不是这样的话 if so如果是这样的话 if ever如果曾有的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 if possible如果可能的话 10.if的省略结构 [教材原句]　So what is the difference between them, if any?如果有 的话,那么它们之间的区别是什么呢? ①If it is necessary, our school will provide the students with the language training courses. → ⁠, our school will provide the students with the language training courses.  If necessary ②你同意我们下周末去故宫博物院吗?如果是这样,请在你方便时 尽快回复我。 Do you agree that we pay a visit to the Palace Museum next weekend? ⁠, reply to me at your earliest convenience.  ③如果你方便的话,我们早上8点在学校门外见面。如果不方便,让 我知道什么时候最适合你。 If it is convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:00 a.m. outside the school gate. .⁠ If so If not, let me know what time suits you best with复合结构在句中作状语和定语,其结构为: with+宾语+to do(表示将来的动作) with+宾语+doing(表示主动或进行) with+宾语+done(表示被动或完成) with+宾语+介词短语/adj./adv. 11.with复合结构 [教材原句]　The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀 美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实 的视觉盛宴。 ①With a guide ⁠ (show) us around the scenic spots, we’re sure to have a good time.  ②With several problems ⁠ (remain) to be solved, we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible. ③随着越来越多的森林被破坏,一些动植物正面临灭绝的危险。 (生态与环保) to show remaining _________________________________________________________⁠, some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.  With more and more forests damaged ④The boy threw himself into his mother’s arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(羞愧心理) →The boy threw himself into his mother’s arms, ⁠ .(with复合结构)  →The boy threw himself into his mother’s arms, ⁠ .(独立主格)  with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1. The government announced the media the plan to develop a new project. 2. The (surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city. 3. With the night (approach), I became worried and could not keep calm. to surrounding approaching 4. (evident), in the competitive society there are both losers and winners. 5. (approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. 6. We had to keep track of our (belong), and if something was lost, it was not replaced. 7. In the summer of 2016, a terrible flood broke in the south of the city, causing a great loss to the people there. Evidently Approaching belongings out 8. A crowd of children (pass) my house, singing and laughing, when I walked out of the yard.  9. I am strongly eager (know) which aspects of traditional Chinese culture arouse your curiosity most.  10. Guessing word meanings, acting in English plays and doing crossword (puzzle) are our favorites. were passing to know puzzles Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1. 我们的村庄被绿树和湖泊环绕,其景色之美无法表达。 Our village ⁠ and its beautiful scenery is beyond expression.  2. 难怪有很多人渴望来我们村旅游。 It is no wonder that ⁠ . is surrounded by/with green trees and lakes many people are eager to travel to our village 3. 随着暑假的临近,越来越多的当地人和一些外国人来到这里欣 赏美丽的风景。 ⁠, an increasing number of local people as well as some foreigners come here to enjoy the beautiful scenery.  4. 据悉,一些旅游景点对大学生和60岁以上的老人都是免费的。 It is announced that some tourist spots ⁠ ⁠ and people more than sixty years old.  With the summer vacation approaching are free of charge for college students 5. 如果可能的话,我建议那些计划来这里的人提前预订住宿。 ⁠ to book accommodations in advance.  If possible,I recommend those who plan to come here Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1.Here’s the good news.In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. 生义:_________________________ 熟义:n.位置;姿势 v.安置;把……放在适当位置 2.charge A.n.费用 B.v.收费;要价　 C.n.掌管;负责　 D.v.指控;控告　 E.v.充电　 F.v.向……冲 (1)The shaver can be charged up and used when travelling. __ (2)To our shock, the shy man should be charged with murdering his wife. __ (3)The shop owner charged me nothing for the present and I felt grateful to him. __ E D B 2.charge A.n.费用 B.v.收费;要价　 C.n.掌管;负责　 D.v.指控;控告　 E.v.充电　 F.v.向……冲 (4)The helicopter landed near our camp and its loud noises scared the bear.It looked irritated and charged at us again. __ (5)(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult. __ (6)He took charge of the farm after his father’s death. _ F A C 3.approach A.vt.& vi.靠近;临近 B.vt.接洽;与……商量　 C.n.通道,道路　 D.n.方法;途径 (1)The students approach their teacher for advice. __ (2)It is wise of her to take a different approach to the problem. __ (3)Not seeing or hearing any fire engines approaching, Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs. __ (4)All the approaches to the mountain were blocked by the snow. __ B D A C 培优2　单元话题写作——传统习俗   　　根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Terry, 　　How are you doing? In your last letter, you mentioned ①______ _________________________________(你渴望了解一些关于……) being a guest to a Chinese friend’s home.Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.  were eager to know something about   To begin with, according to our tradition (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:② ), you are supposed to arrive early ③____________ _________________________________ (以确保你可以帮着他们家人准备饭菜), which is meaningful and interesting (用not only...but also...替换黑体部分:④_________________________________ ).Besides, you’d better bring some gifts, such as a book or a Chinese knot.What’s more, when you are enjoying the meal (用省略句式升级黑体部分:⑤________________________), you need to avoid making noise while chewing food.  custom can help the family prepare the dinner to ensure you not only meaningful but also interesting when enjoying the meal 　　Hopefully, ⑥ ______________________________________(这些建议对你有很大的帮助).I’m confident that you will have a great time (用同位语从句升级黑体部分:⑦__________________ __________________________).I am looking forward to your good news.  　　Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua these suggestions would be of great help to you I have the confidence that you will have a great time 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　eager;eagerly;eagerness;puzzle;puzzled;puzzling;fascinate; fascinating;fascinated [动作描写]　break away from;belong to;surround;battle;keep your eyes open (for);approach;greet;roll;roar [环境描写]　landscape; scent;ocean;surround;surrounding; surroundings;location;located 美句 1.Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses.(拟人) 2.The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(比喻) 3.And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.(环境描写) 4.On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.(动作描写+拟人) 5.With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.(情感描写) Step 2　语料运用　【野外宿营】 随着我们靠近群山围绕的宿营地,我们难以抑制心中的兴奋。一到达宿营地,妈妈就立即打开车门,冲了出去,热切地催促我们搭帐篷。 ① _____________________________ ____________________________(with 复合结构;过去分词作后置定语), we had difficulty ②_____________________(兴奋表达). On reaching it, my mom opened the door immediately, charged outside and eagerly urged us to put up the tent. site surrounded by mountains With us approaching the camping containing our excitement 　绿树连绵起伏,各色野花点缀其中,周围迷人的风景堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。我们沐浴着阳光,呼吸着鲜花甜美的芬芳。鸟儿在欢快地歌唱,好像在热情地迎接我们。我的家人惬意地聊着天,过去美好的记忆涌上我们的心头。 　③_________________________ _______________________________ (拟人), with its rolling green trees dotted with various wild flowers.We were bathed in the sun and breathed in the sweet scent of fresh flowers.Birds were singing happily as if ④________ _________________(拟人).My family chatted comfortably, ⑤_____________ ________________________(独立主格).  The surrounding fascinating landscape was a true feast for our eyes they were warmly greeting us of the past crowding in on us sweet memories 语料积累 单词 nervous;uneasy;tense;anxious;nervously;tension;anxiety;tremble;shake 词块 a flood/wave of tension 一阵紧张;with/have butterflies in one’s stomach 心里发慌;tremble with anxiety 焦虑不安 句型 When I was standing backstage, nervousness/tension came flooding over me.(无生命名词作主语) 当我站在后台的时候,我紧张极了。 When my name was called, I could feel butterflies in my stomach.(名词+介词短语) 当叫到我的名字时,我感到心里忐忑不安。 【情感细节描写:紧张】 句型 My trembling legs brought me on stage, and I could feel my palms sweating and heart racing.(无生命名词作主语) 我颤抖着双腿来到了舞台上。我手心冒汗,心跳加速。 The hall crowded with audience made me even more uneasy.My heart was pounding/thumping hard, as if it were about to pop.(夸张) 挤满观众的大厅让我更加紧张起来,我的心扑通扑通地好像要跳出来了。 I stood there so nervously that I felt my throat tight, wondering what to do next.(so...that...) 我紧张地站在那里,喉咙发紧,不知道下一步怎么办。 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A 　　(2025·河南安阳适应性测试)While climbing the Great Wall is a once-in-a-lifetime dream for many, Jim Spear has taken it a step further, spending the last 18 years as a villager residing beneath this ancient wonder. “Never did I dream I would have the chance to visit the Great Wall, let alone live under it,” said 68-year-old Spear, a self-taught architect from the United States. Spear’s interest in China began during his college days. It deepened when he met Tang, a Chinese girl, in 1980, and they got married two years later. In 1986, he decided to ③drop out of his doctoral studies in Chinese politics at the University of California and moved to China “to get to the heart of things”. “I realized that if I became a scholar of China, based overseas, I wouldn’t be able to experience what was happening in China,” Spear said. In 1995, the couple ①secured a long-term rent of a traditional village farmhouse in Mutianyu and decided to make it their full-time home ten years later. Shortly after possessing full-time village life, he rented an abandoned schoolhouse and transformed it into a restaurant and art glass factory for a sustainable tourism business. He also turned a former factory into a hotel and helped ②renovate over 20 houses into restaurants. Besides, he explored other ways to support those residents in rural areas. “I want to do something for them,” Spear said. Spear’s designs reflect his natural talent for fusing (使融合) traditional and modern elements, adopting the Great Wall style. However, Spear emphasized his approach involves creating designs and views “that echo (映现) the Great Wall, not copy it”. In 2014, Spear received the Great Wall Friendship Award from the Beijing government. Talking about the future, Spear sees abundant possibilities in China, driven by significant domestic demand and a growing emphasis on preserving historic structures. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。登上长城是很多人的梦想,而68岁的美国人Jim Spear在长城脚下生活了18年。他和妻子(中国人)一起体验长城脚下中国人的生活,用自己的设计天赋为当地人作贡献,并因此受到北京市政府的表彰。他用自己的行动践行着对中国长城和中国历史的热爱。 1 2 3 4 1.What do we know about Spear from the first two paragraphs?(　　) A.He likes to climb the Great Wall. B.He came to China when he was 18. C.He once dreamed of becoming a villager. D.He has lived beneath the Great Wall for years. D 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Jim Spear...as a villager residing beneath this ancient wonder”和第二段中他说的话可知,Spear之前从没想过自己能到长城旅游,更别说住在长城脚下,而他已在长城脚下的村庄里生活了18年。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 2.What’s Spear’s purpose of moving to China when he was in college?(　　) A.To see a real China. B.To marry a Chinese girl. C.To work as an architect. D.To study Chinese politics. 1 A 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中Spear的话“I realized that...experience what was happening in China”可知,Spear认为自己如果要成为研究中国的学者,那么在海外的话,就无法体验到中国发生的事。由此可知,他大学时来到中国的目的是看看真正的中国。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 3.What is special about Spear’s designs?(　　) A.They are inspired by rural residents. B.They copy the style of the Great Wall. C.They have received a world-wide prize. D.They connect the past with the present. D 解析:细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Spear’s designs reflect his natural talent for fusing traditional and modern elements, adopting the Great Wall style.”可知,他的设计采用了长城风格,融合了传统和现代元素,即连接了过去和现在。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 4.What will Spear possibly plan to do in the future?(　　) A.Continue to engage in cultural exchange. B.Work for another award in structure preserving. C.Find more ways to support the rural residents. D.Conduct further study into historic structures in China. D 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段“Talking about the future, Spear sees abundant possibilities...on preserving historic structures.”可知,谈到未来时,Spear看到了丰富的可能性,因为他看到了巨大的国内需求和中国对保护历史建筑物的日益重视。由此可推知,未来他可能会继续研究中国历史上著名的建筑物。故选D项。 [语境猜词] ①secure (转)文章义: [熟义:adj.稳固的,可靠的] ②renovate (派) _______ [re-+novate v.用新事物代替] ③drop out of_____________ v.获得,得到 v.翻新 不参与,退出 B 　　(2024·山东聊城三模)People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past. Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present circumstances. It is a vital part of our identity. So is culture, the way of life specific to a group of people. Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past that is passed from one generation to the next through text, oral traditions, monuments and other symbols. Cultural memory is often amassed in objects, such as museums or historical monuments. To understand culture, humans access a mass of cultural symbols, such as books. Artifacts (历史文物) of the past provide insights into where we came from. Libraries and the Internet keep a seemingly ①boundless amount of data on what it means to be part of a culture. Cultural memory is the longest-lasting form of memory. Like all forms of memory, cultural memory has important functions. For example, it makes the experiences a nation owns clear. It provides us with an understanding of the past and the values of the group to which we belong. Besides, it creates a form of shared identity and a means for communicating this identity to new members. The most powerful forms of cultural memory may involve memories of past disastrous experiences undergone (经历) by groups of victims. For example, in Russia, their role in World War Ⅱ—in which tens of millions of Russians were killed—is still an important part of modern Russian identity. Because all groups have cultural memory, it can bring about a spirit of ②resistance or survival among threatened groups. The main function of cultural memory is not to recall the past, whether it is good or bad. Rather, it is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again. Aleida Assmann, a professor who has worked on memory theory since the 1960s, calls this “remembering forward”. Cultural memory enables people to adapt to their culture; it enables cultures to adapt to new circumstances by keeping traces (痕迹) of what worked in the past. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨文化记忆的定义、功能及其在社会和文化适应中的重要作用。 5 6 7 8 5.What is the function of the first paragraph?(　　) A.Reporting a discovery of cultural memory. B.Leading to the concept of cultural memory. C.Introducing the importance of memory in identity. D.Making a connection between memory and culture. B 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段“People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past. Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present circumstances. It is a vital part of our identity. So is culture, the way of life specific to a group of people.”以及第二段首句“Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past that is passed from one generation to the next through text, oral traditions, monuments and other symbols.”可知,第一段是为了引出文化记忆的概念。故选B。 5 6 7 8 6.What does the underlined word “amassed” in paragraph 2 mean?(　　) A.Stored.　　　　　　　 B.Overlooked. C.Evaluated. D.Created. A 5 6 7 8 解析:词义猜测题。根据第二段画线单词下文“To understand culture, humans access a mass of cultural symbols, such as books. Artifacts of the past provide insights into where we came from. Libraries and the Internet keep a seemingly boundless amount of data on what it means to be part of a culture.”可推测,画线词所在句子指的是“文化记忆通常储存在博物馆或历史纪念碑等物品中”,画线词与A项意义相近。故选A。 5 6 7 8 7.Russia is mentioned in paragraph 3 to indicate__________.(　　)  A.the features of cultural memory B.the formation of cultural memory C.the role of big events in Russian identity D.the impact of cultural memory on identity D 5 6 7 8 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Besides, it creates a form of shared identity and a means for communicating this identity to new members ... Because all groups have cultural memory, it can bring about a spirit of resistance or survival among threatened groups.”可知,文章提到的这个事件对俄罗斯人的身份认同产生了深远影响,展现了文化记忆如何塑造和影响一个民族或国家的身份认同,故俄罗斯的例子是用来说明文化记忆对身份认同的影响。故选D。 5 6 7 8 8.What is cultural memory mainly expected to do?(　　) A.Pass previous wisdom down. B.Keep traces of history. C.Get people to know about the past. D.Remind people of their identity. A 5 6 7 8 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The main function of cultural memory is not to recall the past, whether it is good or bad. Rather, it is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again.”以及“Cultural memory enables people to adapt to their culture; it enables cultures to adapt to new circumstances by keeping traces of what worked in the past.”可知,文化记忆主要被期望用来传承过去的智慧以避免犯错误和适应新环境。故选A。 5 6 7 8 [语境猜词] ①boundless(派) [bound v.形成……的边界+-less] ②resistance(派) [resistant adj.抵抗的　t→-ce] adj.无限的;无止境的 n.反对,抵制;抵抗 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章就在自然灾害到来之前制定生存计划提出了一些建议。 　 For outdoor enthusiasts, it is crucial to be prepared for any sort of natural disaster in the open air. 1(　　) It includes what kinds of disasters may strike, and what resources should be taken on your trip.  A.But this is not always the case. B.It’s also a good idea to bring light sources. C.That means having a disaster response plan. D.It’s also great to consult the specialists in person. E.Consequently, revising it frequently is strongly recommended. F.Different kinds of disasters are likely to occur in different areas. G.Stay calm, act decisively, and begin working to keep yourself alive. 1.答案:C 解析:根据上文“For outdoor enthusiasts, it is crucial to be prepared for any sort of natural disaster in the open air.”和下文“It includes what kinds of disasters may strike, and what resources should be taken on your trip.”可知,空处承上启下,针对上文提到的做好准备,应该有一个灾难应对计划,下文中则是计划的具体内容。C项中的a disaster response plan和下文中的it对应。故选C。 2(　　) Desert areas are more likely to be affected by droughts; coastal regions are more likely to see hurricanes; mountainous areas are likely to see avalanches (雪崩) in winter and landslides in summer. Therefore, always do some research ahead of time to help you find right survival strategies in different conditions.  A.But this is not always the case. B.It’s also a good idea to bring light sources. C.That means having a disaster response plan. D.It’s also great to consult the specialists in person. E.Consequently, revising it frequently is strongly recommended. F.Different kinds of disasters are likely to occur in different areas. G.Stay calm, act decisively, and begin working to keep yourself alive. 2.答案:F 解析:空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Desert areas are more likely to be affected by droughts; coastal regions are more likely to see hurricanes; mountainous areas are likely to see avalanches in winter and landslides in summer.”可知,本段主要讲述了不同地区会发生不同的灾害。F项中的different areas与下文的desert areas、coastal regions以及mountainous areas对应。故选F。 While you’re planning, the essential thing to consider is the things you should pack for your trip. Any disaster that may separate you from civilization for a period of time will require you to provide your own food, water, and shelter for at least a few days. 3(　　) For disasters that may wet your equipment, flameless light sources are a must. What you bring with you should be suited to the disaster you might encounter.  A.But this is not always the case. B.It’s also a good idea to bring light sources. C.That means having a disaster response plan. D.It’s also great to consult the specialists in person. E.Consequently, revising it frequently is strongly recommended. F.Different kinds of disasters are likely to occur in different areas. G.Stay calm, act decisively, and begin working to keep yourself alive. 3.答案:B 解析:根据上文“Any disaster that may separate you from civilization for a period of time will require you to provide your own food, water, and shelter for at least a few days.”可知,空处承接上文,提出需要准备的东西,结合下文“For disasters that may wet your equipment, flameless light sources are a must.”可知,空处提到的东西是光源,B项中的light sources和下文中的flameless light sources对应。故选B。 Once you complete your survival plan, it’s better to review it periodically. When a natural disaster strikes, you probably won’t have time to go over a document or go online to seek advice. 4(　　)  A.But this is not always the case. B.It’s also a good idea to bring light sources. C.That means having a disaster response plan. D.It’s also great to consult the specialists in person. E.Consequently, revising it frequently is strongly recommended. F.Different kinds of disasters are likely to occur in different areas. G.Stay calm, act decisively, and begin working to keep yourself alive. 4.答案:E 解析:根据上文“Once you complete your survival plan, it’s better to review it periodically. When a natural disaster strikes, you probably won’t have time to go over a document or go online to seek advice.”可知,空处和上文形成因果关系,因为当自然灾害来袭时,你可能没有时间浏览文件或寻求建议,所以要经常复习生存计划。故选E。 If a natural disaster strikes while you are in the wilderness, you should put your survival plan into effect immediately. 5(　　) Then contact others for help. Do not wait around to see if the disaster is really that serious, do not panic, and do not easily abandon your plan.  A.But this is not always the case. B.It’s also a good idea to bring light sources. C.That means having a disaster response plan. D.It’s also great to consult the specialists in person. E.Consequently, revising it frequently is strongly recommended. F.Different kinds of disasters are likely to occur in different areas. G.Stay calm, act decisively, and begin working to keep yourself alive. 5.答案:G 解析:根据上文“If a natural disaster strikes while you are in the wilderness, you should put your survival plan into effect immediately.”可知,空处承接上文,说明要采取果断行动,G项中的act decisively和上文中的put your survival plan into effect immediately对应。故选G。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国政府正在通过“新农村发展倡议”项目,采取各种措施来加强乡村基础设施建设,推进农业生产现代化,全面提高农村人口的生活质量。 (2024·江苏南京、盐城调研)In recent years, China has been working hard to improve living conditions in rural areas through a program called the New Rural Development Initiative.1___________ goal of this initiative is to improve infrastructure (基础设施), modernize farming practices, and enhance the overall quality of life for those 2　　　　　　(live) in the countryside.  1.答案:The 解析:考查冠词。此处特指这个倡议的目标,故填定冠词The。注意首字母大写。 2.答案:living 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:该倡议的目标是改善基础设施,实现农业现代化,提高生活在农村地区的人们的整体生活质量。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语,空处为非谓语;those与live为逻辑上的主谓关系,故填living。 One important aspect of the initiative is the improvement of rural infrastructure, 3　　　　　　 includes the construction of better roads, bridges, and watering systems 4　　　　　　 (improve) the efficiency of transportation and agricultural activities.  3.答案:which 解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the improvement of rural infrastructure,且在从句中作主语,指物,故填which。 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:该倡议的一个重要方面是改善农村基础设施,包括建设更好的道路、桥梁和灌溉系统,以提高运输和农业活动的效率。分析句子结构可知,空处构成非谓语动词短语,作目的状语,故填to improve。 4.答案:to improve Another key focus is the promotion of modern agricultural 5________(technique).By introducing advanced farming methods and technologies, such as organic farming and the use of machinery, farmers are able to increase their productivity and income 6　　　　　　 damaging the environment.  5.答案:techniques 解析:考查名词复数。可数名词在非固定搭配情况下要采用“非单即复”原则。因为of后面没有a、an、the等示意使用单数的情况,且technique在此处是可数名词,故填techniques。 6.答案:without 解析:考查介词。此处表示“农民能够在不破坏环境的情况下提高生产力和收入”。 Furthermore, the initiative emphasizes the importance of preserving traditional culture and heritage in rural communities. Efforts 7　　　　　　 (make) to regenerate local traditions, which not only enriches the cultural 8　　　　　　 (diverse) of the countryside but also creates new opportunities for cultural tourism and sustainable development. The initiative also aims to enhance the living environment in rural areas through the restoration of traditional houses 9　　　__the construction of public facilities.  7.答案:are being made/have been made/are made 解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知,此处make这一动作可理解为正在进行;也可理解为已经发生了,此处强调其对现在造成的影响;还可理解为此处只是在陈述客观情况;主语efforts和谓语动词make之间为动宾关系;且主语efforts为复数。故填are being made或have been made或are made。 8.答案:diversity 解析:考查词性转换。句意:人们(正)在/已在努力恢复地方传统,这不仅丰富了农村的文化多样性,而且为文化旅游和可持续发展创造了新的机会。空处前面有形容词cultural修饰,根据形容词修饰名词的特点可知,应填diversity。 9.答案:and 解析:考查连词。句意:该倡议还旨在通过修复传统房屋和建设公共设施来改善农村地区的生活环境。句中the restoration of traditional houses和the construction of public facilities是并列关系,故填and。 Through the initiative, China is working hard to create more prosperous (繁荣的) and 10　　　　　　 (harmony) countryside, providing its rural residents with better opportunities and an improved quality of life.  10.答案:harmonious 解析:考查词性转换。句意:通过这一倡议,中国正在努力创造一个更加繁荣和谐的农村,为其农村居民提供更好的机会,提高居民的生活质量。由空处前面的and可知,空处与形容词prosperous为并列关系,共同修饰名词countryside,故填形容词harmonious。 $$