必修1 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版）

必修第一册 UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 主题语境　世界上的语言 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 ◆重难点词汇 五级词汇 attitude n.[C]态度;看法;姿势(~to/towards) base vt.以……为基础;以……为据点 n.[C]基础;底部;据点;根据(basis n.基础,基准　basic adj.基础的　basically adv.大体上;根本上) 　be based on/upon以……为基础;以……为根据 based adj.以(某事)为基础的(构成复合词);以……为重要部分(或特征)的 major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.[C]主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究(majority n.大多数) 背诵默写本 refer vi.提到;查阅;参考 vt.查询;叫……求助于(reference n.指称关系;参考) 　refer to指的是;描述;提到;查阅 system n.[C]体系;制度;系统 四级词汇 apartment n.[C](NAmE)公寓套房;(BrE flat)公寓大楼 appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会(appreciation n.感激,欣赏　appreciative adj.感激的) beg vt.恳求,祈求;哀求(beggar n.乞丐) character n.[C]符号;文字;角色;[常用单数]性格;品质;[U]特色;勇气 　Chinese characters汉字 classic adj.[常用于名词前]传统的;典型的;最优秀的 n.[C]经典作品,名著 demand n.[C]要求;[C]&[U]需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问(demanding adj.要求高的) 　demand to do sth.要求做某事 　demand+that...(should) do sth.要求……做某事 description n.[C]&[U]描写(文字),描述;形容,叙述;[C]类型(describe v.描述) despite prep.即使,尽管(in spite of) equal n.[C]同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的,同样的;平等的(equally adv.平等地　equality n.平等) factor n.[C]因素,要素 global adj.[通常只用于名词前]全球的;全世界的;全面的,整体的(globe n.地球;地球仪) means n.[C][单复数同形]手段,方法;方式;途径 　by means of借助,依靠 native adj.[只用于名词前]出生地的;本国的,本地的;土著的 n.[C]本地人 regard n.[U][正式用语]尊重;关注 vt.[不用于进行时]把……视为;看待 relate vt.联系;讲述(related adj.相关的　relation/relationship n.联系,关系) 　relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到 specific adj.[常用于名词前]明确的;特定的;具体的(specifically adv.特定地;明确地) struggle n.[C]难事;斗争;奋斗 vi.(与某人)搏斗;斗争;奋斗 　struggle to do sth.努力做某事 symbol n.[C]符号;象征(symbolise v.象征) variety n.[C](植物、语言等的)变体;异体;[U]多样化,变化(vary v.变化,不同　various adj.各种各样的) 　a variety of各种各样的 三级词汇 affair n.[C][pl.]公共事务;关系;[常用单数]事件,事情 　global affairs全球事务 gap n.[C]差距;开口;间隔;分歧 　bridge/narrow the gap消除/缩小差距 二级词汇 carve vt.& vi.雕刻 vocabulary n.[C]&[U]词汇 一级词汇 calligraphy n.[U]书法;书法艺术 dynasty n.[C]王朝;朝代 semester n.[C](AmE)学期 ◆短语与词块 1.ups and downs浮沉;兴衰;荣辱 2.date back (to ...)追溯到 3.no matter where, who,what,etc.无论……; 不管…… 4.point of view观点;看法 5.be known for因为……而著名 6.ancient civilisation古代文明 7.lead to导致 8.be of great importance非常重要 9.play a role in在……中发挥作用 10.have trouble with在……方面有困难 11.get used to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事 12.depend on依靠,依赖 ◆句式表达 1.句式:why引导定语从句 There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.这之所以成为可能有很多原因,但其中一个主要因素就是中国书法体系。 2.句式:It was a time when ...这/那是一个……的时期;动词-ing短语作结果状语 Over the years,the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.多年来,人们按地域划分,使得(书法)体系发展成了不同的形式,从而导致多种方言和汉字的形成。 3.句式:be of+抽象名词 That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这一书写体系对于团结中国人民和文化具有重要意义。 4.句式:“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句 Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 5.句式:“介词+which”引导定语从句 Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’ s present is connected with its past.汉字书面语也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。 2. your land/country/city 你的故乡/祖国/故里 3. my toward medical practice 我对医务工作的看法 4. the educational 教育制度 5. her earnest efforts 尽管她已尽心竭力 6. the key/crucial/deciding 关键的/至关重要的/决定性的 因素 7. a of purity 纯洁的象征 8. be recognised as a 一部公认的经典著作 native attitude system despite factor symbol classic Ⅰ.核心词块 1. around 2.8 people 约28亿人 billion 板块二　默写练习 9. have a strong/weak 个性强/不强 10. world/international business 世界/国际商业事务 11. China’ s culture and history欣赏中国的文 化和历史 12. the needs of members会员的特别需要 13. a country for independence 一个为独立而奋斗的 国家 14. him for help 向他求救 15. a for higher pay 增加工资的要求 character affairs appreciate specific struggling beg demand Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1. n.指称关系;参考→ vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt. 查询;叫……求助于 2. adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的 → vt.以……为基础;以……为据点 n.底部;根据;总部 → n.基础;基准→ adj.基础的→ ⁠ adv.大体上;基本上 reference refer based base basis basic basically 3. n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化→ v. 变化;不同→ adj.各种各样的 4. adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主 修;专门研究→ n.大多数 5. adj.特定的;明确的;具体的→ adv.特 定地;明确地 6. vt.恳求;祈求;哀求→ n.乞丐 variety vary various major majority specific specifically beg beggar 7. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a ⁠ (globe) reduction in error. 8. I’ m writing to convey my ⁠ (appreciate)for what you did for me during my stay in London.(感谢信) 9. The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is the Temple of Confucius (date) back to 478 BCE. (推荐信) 10. I have difficulty ⁠ the tourist attraction,whose beauty is beyond ⁠.(describe) global appreciation dating describing description 结合语境变形单词 11. Research shows that there is a cause⁃effect ⁠ between obesity and unhealthy eating.In other words, your health is ⁠ to what you eat.(relate) 12. Our manager ⁠ that we (should) work extra hours to meet customers’ .It was really a ⁠ task.(demand) 13. All men are born ⁠,so from my point of view, everyone should be treated ⁠.(equal) relation related demanded demands demanding equal equally Ⅲ.重点短语 1. be a real story 基于一个真实的故事  2. English 主修英语  3. happens 不论发生什么  4. specific techniques 依靠特定的技术  5. from the of results 从结果来看  6. the work能胜任这个工作  based on major in no matter what/whatever by means of point of view be equal to 7. It was foolish of you (查阅你的笔记) in such an important test.As a result,you got punished.  8. To write a good news report,you have to make sure ⁠ (你的信息与某件事情有关) that has recently happened.  9. (我们的生活总有起起落落) and we need someone to ride with us.  to refer to your notes your information relates to something Our life has its ups and downs 根据语境完成句子 10. In my hometown,about 1,500 meters east of my house, stands an old temple (追溯到17世 纪).  11. As (中国在国 际事务中扮演着重要角色), it is important for us to have a good knowledge of Chinese.  dating from/back to the 17th century China plays an important role in global affairs Ⅳ.句式仿写 1. 在你来中国之前,你应该学习一些基础汉语并了解一些中国习 俗,这是有很多原因的。(why引导定语从句,建议信) There are many reasons ⁠ ⁠ and learn about some Chinese customs before coming to China.  why you should learn some basic Chinese 2. 从这次经历中我知道了毅力和决心对我们的成功是非常重要 的。(be of+抽象名词) I learned from this experience that ⁠ ⁠ to our success.  3. 这个故事的寓意是不遗余力地获取知识,无论情况多么困难都 不要轻易气馁。(no matter+疑问词,读后续写之主旨升华句) The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________. perseverance and determination are of great importance no matter how difficult the situation may   be 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 写作规范练(一) 基础知识过关练(一)(必修第一册) Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.refer vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫……求助于→ n. 提及,涉及;指称关系;参考;参考书目 (1)refer to指的是;描述;提到;查阅 (2)refer to...as...把……称作…… (3)in/with reference to sb./sth.关于 reference books/material参考书/参考资料 reference ①(译林选必四)As soon as I received the next assignment, I headed straight for the library to find the ⁠ (refer) books I needed for my research. ②People who work in offices (通常被 称为) “white⁃collar workers”.  reference are usually referred to as 动身前往 making a speech, I suggest that while making a speech, you should not ⁠ ⁠.  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 With/In reference to refer to your notebook or other reference material ③关于做演讲,我建议你在做演讲时不要参考你的笔记本或其他 参考资料。(建议信) 状语从句的省略 2.base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据→ ⁠ adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(特征)的→ ⁠ adj.基本的;基础的→ n.基础→ adv.大体上;基本上 (1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上 (2)be based on...以……为基础 (3)on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期 on the basis of在……的基础上 based basic basis basically ①On the ⁠ (base) of the evidence presented, we can conclude that the suspect is guilty. ②He thinks to read the original work is better than to see the film ⁠ (base) on it. ③定期锻炼和健康饮食是保持健康的好方法。 (体育与健康) basis based Working out on a regular basis and eating healthily are good ways to keep fit. ⁠ ⁠ 3.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 vi.主修;专门研究 n.主修课程;主修学生→ n.大部分;大多数 (1)major in主修…… (2)a/the majority of大多数 in a/the majority占大多数 majority ①I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major ⁠ the gardening after attending college. ②在大城市里,乘坐地铁去上班的人占绝大多数是事实。 It is a fact that people in big cities taking the subway to work ⁠ ⁠ in are in the/a majority ③大多数人摄入的脂肪太多,纤维不足,这对他们的健康很有害。 (饮食与健康) ⁠ and not enough fibre, which does great harm to their health.  A/The majority of people take in too much fat 4.means n.方法;方式;途径 a means of一种……的方法(means的单复数同形) by all means可以;当然行;没问题 by means of借助……手段;依靠……方法 by no means绝不,无论如何也不,一点都不(置于句首时,句子要部分 倒装) ①Watching films once was regarded as ⁠ good means of entertainment. ②Every possible means ⁠ (use) to solve this problem so far.  a has been used He won an Olympic gold medal in France in 2024 ⁠ ⁠.  ④没有你的慷慨帮助和指导,我决不能提高我的英语水平。再次 感谢你的帮助。(感谢信) without your generous help and guidance.Thanks again for your help.(倒装句)  by means of hard training and perseverance By no means could I have improved my English ③他通过艰苦的训练和坚持不懈的努力,2024年在法国获得了一 枚奥运金牌。 5.appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值→ n.欣赏;感激→ adj.感激的;欣赏的 appreciation appreciative (1)appreciate (one’ s) doing sth.喜欢/感激(某人)做某事 I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激。 (2)express/convey one’ s appreciation 表达某人的感激之情 ①I appreciate (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.  ②我写信表达我对你的感激之情,感谢我在伦敦逗留期间你为我 所做的一切。(感谢信) for what you have done for me during my stay in London.  being given I’ m writing to express/convey my appreciation ③如果你能费心帮我处理这个问题,我将不胜感激。(求助信) I would appreciate it if you could take the trouble to help me deal with the problem. ⁠ ⁠ 6.struggle n.& vi.斗争(fight);奋斗;搏斗 struggle for...为……而奋斗;努力争取…… struggle with/against...与……做斗争 struggle to do sth.努力做某事 struggle to one’ s feet挣扎着站起来 ①In order to live a better life, we have to struggle ⁠ all kinds of difficulties. ②From now on, you should prepare yourself for your future and struggle ⁠ your dream. ③Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled ⁠ (lead) an active life.  ④他挣扎着从地上站起来,扶着墙往前,踉跄地出了房间。(动作链描写) against/with for to lead ⁠, supported himself along the wall and stumbled out of the house.  He struggled to his feet from the ground 7.equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的,同样的;平等的;相当的;能 胜任的 v.与……相等,等于;比得上→ n.平等;相等 → adv.相等地;同等地;公平地;同样地 be without equal=have no equal无与伦比 be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任(做)某事 equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上比得过/敌得过某人/某物 equality equally ①Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ⁠ (equal) respected. ②From my point of view, Michael Jordan is equal in playing basketball. ③我精通中文而且在教学方法上也没人比得过我,因此我相信我 能胜任教外国人学习中文。(申请信) equally without I have a good knowledge of Chinese and nobody can ⁠ , so I’ m confident that ⁠ _______________________________. ⁠ equal me in teaching methods I am equal to teaching foreigners to learn Chinese 8.demand n.需求;要求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查→ ⁠ adj.要求高的 (1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one’ s demands for...满足某人对……的需求 demanding (2)demand to do sth.要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth.要求……做某事 ①My father came over and demanded ⁠ (know) what was going on.  ②The company tried its best to satisfy the customers’ ⁠ (demand) for better quality products. ③Without doubt, nowadays science graduates are ⁠ greater demand than liberal arts ones in China. ④令我很不满意的是,手机不容易操作,给我带来了很多不便。我 要求商店提供退款。(投诉信) to know demands in Much to my dissatisfaction, the cell phone is not easy to operate, causing me much inconvenience.I demand that ⁠ . the store (should) offer a refund 9.date back (to...)追溯到 date back to=date from 追溯到…… go back to 追溯到…… ① ⁠ (date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun City. ②中国饮茶文化源远流长,可以追溯到1 000多年前。(传统文化) Dating →Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history, ⁠ more than 1,000 years ago.(非限制性定 语从句)  →Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history ⁠ more than 1,000 years ago.(动词⁃ing 短语作定语)  which dates back to/dates from/goes back to dating back to/dating from/going back to “be of+抽象名词”相当于“be+形容词”,这一结构可以用来说明主 语的性质。常见的抽象名词有importance、value、use、help、 benefit、significance等,这些名词可用great、little、some、any、 no、not、much等修饰,用以说明程度。 10.“be of+名词”结构 [教材原句]　That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这一书写体系对于团结中国人民和中国文化具有重要意义。 ①Regular physical activity is beneficial to both your physical and mental health. →Regular physical activity ⁠ both your physical and mental health.  is of benefit to ②在我看来,提高人们保护野生植物和动物的意识具有十分重要 的意义。(生态环保) From my point of view, raising people’ s awareness of protecting wild plants and animals . is of great significance Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1. As is known to all, eating fruit and vegetables is ⁠ great benefit to our health. 2. I am convinced that I am equal to ⁠ (be) a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition. 3. ⁠ the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides. of being Despite 4. However, most people don’ t regard pronunciation ⁠ a very important part of communication skills. 5. It is widely acknowledged that wisdom and efforts are ⁠ (equal) important for success. 6. Some experts say that like running, race walking is physically ⁠ (demand). 7. As a matter of fact, I want to major ⁠ English in college and to be a bridge between China and the world. as equally demanding in 8. Hearing that he won first place, he struggled ⁠ (hold) back his tears of excitement.  9. Just as the saying goes,“One tree doesn’ t make a forest.” Our success ⁠ (base) on cooperating with others.  10. ⁠ means of advanced technology, we are able to communicate with people from all around the world in real time. to hold is based By Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1. 由于我们的篮球俱乐部需要新会员,我写信邀请你加入。 As new members ⁠ in our basketball club, I’ m writing to invite you to join it.  2. 为了赢得比赛,教练要求我们应该做好充分的准备,努力练习。 To win the match, our coach demanded that ⁠ .⁠ 。. are in demand we should get fully prepared and practice hard 3. 如果你能考虑我的邀请,我将不胜感激。我们期待着你的加 入。 ⁠ . We are expecting your joining.  I would appreciate it if you could take my invitation into consideration 4. 我想我能胜任这份工作,因为我从小就开始学中国画。同样重 要的是,我的汉语和英语说得很流利,所以我和外国人交流没有困 难。(申请信) I think ⁠, because I have learned Chinese painting since childhood. ⁠, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, so I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners.  I am equal to this job Equally important 5. 尽管很虚弱,但珍妮挣扎着站起来,继续寻求帮助。 Weak as she was, Jenny ⁠, continuing searching for assistance.  struggled to her feet Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1.The company has its base in New York and branch offices all over the world. 生义:_________ 熟义:n.基础;根基;底部 2.Until then did I fully appreciate what my parents had done for me. 生义:_________ 熟义:v.欣赏;重视 n.总部 v.领会 3.character A.n.性格,品质 B.n.特色,特性　 C.n.人物,角色 D.n.符号,文字 (1)There are many famous characters in history.Who do you admire most? __ (2)The whole character of the school has changed since he became the president. __ C B 3.character A.n.性格,品质 B.n.特色,特性　 C.n.人物,角色 D.n.符号,文字 (3)The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form known as Chinese calligraphy. __ (4)Tony is such a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character. __ D A 培优2　单元话题写作——语言学习 根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 　　As a Russian, Clery can speak standard Chinese, though his native language is Russian.In addition, he has studied Chinese characters and now ① (擅长书法).He especially enjoys (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:② ) classic Chinese literature and regards it ③ his major research subject, so he tries every way (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:④ ) to refer to Chinese classics ⑤ (base) on ancient Chinese culture. is good at calligraphy appreciates as means based Clery cares about ⑥_____________(全球事务) and has a positive attitude towards life.In his semester paper, he gives a specific ⑦ (describe) of man’ s demand and ⑧ ______________ (为争取平等权利的斗争).  affairs global description equal rights struggles for 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　description;describe;beyond description;attitude;despite;ups and downs;appreciate;appreciation [动作描写]　beg;regard;struggle;refer to;demand 美句 1.My biggest headache is how to be polite in English.(比喻) 2.I used to get high marks in English, but now I’ m having a lot of trouble with my listening.(对比) 美句 3.If I’ m talking to a close friend, I can...But if I’ m talking to someone who isn’ t very close to me, I must...If I’ m talking to someone senior to me, then I should say...(排比) 4.One language sets you in a corridor for life.Two languages open every door along the way.(主旨升华) Step 2　语料运用　【与狼对峙】 　　马克(Mac)正沿着山路骑行,这时他看到一只狼张着血盆大口追赶他。他的恐惧无以言表。他乞求路过的司机帮助他,但是徒劳无果。 　Mac was pedalling along the mountain road when he ①_______ _______________ (感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语), opening its bloody mouth.His fear was beyond description.He begged passing drivers to help him, but in vain. wolf chasing him saw a 内心充满了恐惧,他从自行车上下来,抓住自行车,用尽全力把自行车扔向狼,尽力把狼吓走。他正要成为狼的盘中餐时,他的朋友们加入了他。每当他提到这件恐怖的事情时,他仍然感到毛骨悚然。 　② (形容词短语作状语), he got off his bike, seized it and threw it at the wolf with all his strength, ③______________________________ (分词短语作状语).He was about to become the food of the wolf ④______ __________________(时间状语从句).Every time he referred to the horrible thing, he still felt as if his hair ⑤ (虚拟语气).  Full of fear struggling to frighten the wolf away his friends joined him when had stood on end 语料积累 【情感细节描写:感激与感动】 单词 gratitude;appreciation;thank;move;touch;appreciate;thankful;grateful;moved;touched;thankfully;gratefully 词块 shed tears of gratitude 流下感激的泪水;be moved to tears 感动得落泪;have a deep sense of gratitude towards 对……深怀感激;with gratitude/appreciation 感激地;owe sb.a lot/a great deal 非常感激某人;be deeply moved/touched by...被……深深感动 句型 Touched/Moved deeply, the crowd clapped their hands loudly.(非谓语动词作状语) 人群深受感动,大声鼓掌。 Knowing what had happened, Peter’ s mother shed tears of joy and gratitude.(非谓语动词作状语) 知道事情的经过后,彼得的母亲流下喜悦和感激的泪水。 But the passers-by just smiled warmly.A feeling of warmth swept over Peter on the cold day.(无生命名词作主语) 但路人只是温和地笑了笑。彼得在寒冷的天气里感到一阵暖意。 With grateful tears/tears of gratitude hanging in/flooding/welling up in his eyes,he thanked the passer-by with a lump in his throat, “Thank you so much!”(with复合结构) 他眼里含着感激的泪水,哽咽着感谢这个路人,“太感谢你了!” 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A (2024·河北石家庄教学质量检测)The young attendant probably said something like,“Excusez-moi?” or “Pardon?” But I could not even ①register that he was speaking to me.I, in Paris for the very first time, was apparently deaf to even the cues (提示) for vocal tone and facial expression.Though I knew that my French was not good, it was then that I realized just being able to count to 15 and say “Je m’ appelle Kyla” was not going to work. I had tried very hard to learn some French before I went on my long weekend.Despite all the available resources, I’ d really had no intention of studying French in a meaningful way until I was in Paris.But as soon as I’ d made up my mind, I ran into a roadblock.As a teenager, I’ d learned Spanish almost passively, never receiving less than an A.Meanwhile, I’ d taken Russian for a year, and learning a new alphabet and its grammar had given me an almost unshakable sense of confidence.So why, when trying to take up French, a language closest to English, could I not even remember how to use the most ordinary verb “être”? When, months after my trip, I still hadn’ t gotten much further, I started to wonder...am I bad at this?And though I was only in my 30s, was my lack of ②facility a result of aging? Yet alongside my frustration, a surprising feeling emerged.Not discouragement—but delight in my failure.At 32, having lived in the same city for over ten years, having finished school and started a career, having achieved many of the milestones of young adulthood, it had been so long since I’ d been an absolute beginner that being bad at something actually felt refreshing. ③What so many people experience when they travel is the realization of how big the world is and how much more of it there is than they could have imagined.That’ s what I gained—an expanded sense of belief, not limited by what I had already seen; a humble belief in the power of what I didn’ t yet know. 　 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在去法国旅行时因语言不通而导致沟通不畅,但作者并未因此难过,反而因打破固定生活模式和发现自身不足而欣喜,并且认识到世界那么大,自己应对未知保持谦逊。 1 2 3 4 1.What prevented the author understanding the attendant?(　　) A.The author’ s disability. B.The author’ s poor French. C.The attendant’ s accent. D.The attendant’ s low tone. B 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Though I knew that my French was not good...say ‘Je m’ appelle Kyla’ was not going to work.”可知,作者糟糕的法语让作者甚至没有意识到服务员在和自己说话。故选B。 1 2 3 4 2.How did the author feel about the lack of progress in learning French?(　　) A.Disappointed and embarrassed. B.Delighted and refreshed. C.Indifferent and unconcerned. D.Confident and motivated. B 1 2 3 4 解析:观点态度题。 根据第四段中的“a surprising feeling emerged.Not discouragement—but delight in my failure.”和“it had been so long...being bad at something actually felt refreshing”可知,作者发现自己在学习法语上进展缓慢时,居然感到开心,精神还为之一振。故选B。 1 2 3 4 3.What did the author gain from the travel experience in Paris?(　　) A.An increased ability to speak French. B.A desire to go abroad for further study. C.A feeling of accomplishment in the career. D.A sense of openness to the unknown world. D 解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“That’ s what I gained—an expanded sense of belief,not limited by what I had already seen; a humble belief in the power of what I didn’ t yet know.”可知,作者这次巴黎之行的收获是不要受制于自己已经看到的世界,以及对未知世界的谦卑的信念。故D项正确。 1 2 3 4 4.What’ s the author’ s purpose of writing this text?(　　) A.To share an unexpected blessing. B.To tell about an unpleasant trip in Paris. C.To offer advice on traveling abroad. D.To recommend ways to learn a language. A 1 2 3 4 解析:写作意图题。本文讲述了作者在巴黎旅游期间听不懂服务员讲法语,以及自己在学习法语上进展缓慢的经历和作者从这样的经历中得到的感悟:对于未知的世界,我们要保持开放的心态,勇敢地去探索未知。作者从学不好法语这件貌似是打击的事情中得到了意想不到的收获。故A项正确。 [语境猜词] ①register (转)文章义: [熟义:v.登记;注册] ②facility (转)文章义: [熟义:n.设施,设备] ③本句中what 引导 从句,此从句中又含有 when 引导的____ _______从句;how big the world is and how much more of it 作介词of 的 。 译文:____________________________________________________ ________________________________ v.注意到;记住;受到注意 n.天赋,才能 主语 状语 时间 宾语 很多人在旅行时所经历的是他们意识到世界有多大,以及这个 世界比他们想象的要大得多。 B 　　(2025·山东济南高考针对性训练)Language gives us the power to describe countless actions, properties and relations that compose our experiences, real or imagined. As for how languages were created, scientists found iconicity might play a key role. People can’ t ①bridge the language gap and understand each other without iconicity. When playing a game of charades (打哑谜猜字游戏), we act out our meaning, using our hands and bodies to describe the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to this process of forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to gesturing, iconicity appears in our visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, maps ... wherever there are people communicating, you will find iconicity. According to our research, iconicity might also exist in our voices. We organized a contest in which we invited ②contestants to record a set of sounds to express different meanings. The winner of the contest was determined by how well listeners could guess the intended meanings of the sounds based on a set of written options. Critically, the sounds that contestants submitted couldn’ t include actual words or onomatopoeic words (拟声词). Listeners were remarkably good at interpreting the meanings of the sounds. Yet, all of the contestants and listeners were speakers of English. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on some cultural knowledge that they shared with the speakers. Did the listeners also understand the speakers from completely different cultural backgrounds? Later, an Internet survey translated into 25 different languages was carried out. Participants listened to each sound from the English speakers and guessed the meaning by choosing from six written words. Guessing accuracy for the different groups ranged from 74 percent for English speakers to 34 percent for Portuguese speakers. It is far from perfect, but well above the chance rate of eight percent expected by us. Taken together, these studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a critical role.③Without this special talent, language would likely never have gotten off the ground. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家认为象似性是语言兴起的关键,并介绍了什么是象似性,以及实验是如何证明这一点的。 5 6 7 8 5.Which of the following can explain “iconicity”?(　　) A.A skill in foreign language learning. B.The process of acting out our meanings. C.The connection between form and meaning. D.A barrier between different language speakers. C 5 6 7 8 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The key to this process of... iconicity appears in our visual communication too.”可知,形成新符号的过程的关键是iconicity的使用。iconicity不局限于手势,也出现在我们的视觉交流中,由此可知,iconicity是手势、视觉符号等形式和意义间的关联,故C项正确。 5 6 7 8 6.What can we know about the contest?(　　) A.It required sounds containing meanings. B.Its winners were creative in recordings. C.It aimed to prove iconicity in words. D.Its entries were familiar to listeners. A 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We organized a contest in which ... to express different meanings.”可知,这场比赛邀请参赛者录制一组声音来表达不同的含义。由此可知,在比赛中,声音需包含意义,故A项正确。 5 6 7 8 7.What can be inferred from paragraph 4?(　　) A.English pronunciations differ. B.The research has a limitation. C.The cultural gap is narrowing. D.Listening skills vary in cultures. B 5 6 7 8 解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet,all of the contestants and listeners... different cultural backgrounds?”可知,所有的参赛者和听众都说英语。因此,有可能听者的成功依赖于他们与说话者共享的一些文化知识。听众是否也能理解来自完全不同文化背景的说话者呢?由此可推知,这个研究是存在一定局限性的,故选B。 5 6 7 8 8.What is the significance of the research?(　　) A.Clarifying the influence of sounds. B.Proving the necessity of exchanges. C.Uncovering the origin of languages. D.Identifying the function of gestures. C 5 6 7 8 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...these studies show that our capacity... have gotten off the ground.”可知,这些研究表明,我们的象征性沟通能力发挥了关键作用。如果没有这种特殊的天赋,语言可能永远不会起步。据此可以推断,这些研究实际上发现了语言是如何兴起的,故选C。 [语境猜词] ①bridge the (...) gap __________________________ ②contestant (派) [contest n.比赛,竞赛+-ant] ③本句为 句。 译文:___________________________________________________ 缩小/弥合(……的)差距 n.参赛者 双重否定 如果没有这种特殊的天赋,语言可能永远不会起步。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) 　 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在国外生活和学习时,和寄宿家庭住在一起是让自己沉浸在当地文化中的最好的方式之一。文章介绍了一些如何与寄宿家庭一起生活并充分利用寄宿家庭这一经历的建议。 　 Living and studying abroad can be a rewarding and enriching experience. And living with a host family is one of the best ways to immerse yourself in its culture. However, living with a foreign family can be difficult and adjusting to it can take some effort. 1(　　)  A.Be open and respectful. B.Make time for those moments. C.The language barrier can also be a struggle. D.So instead of doing things blindly, just ask! E.Showing your gratitude will take you a long way. F.You may well recall the memorable moments with friends back home. G.Here are some tips on making the most of your host family experience. 1.答案:G 解析:上文“Living and studying abroad can be a rewarding and enriching experience. And living with a host family is one of the best ways to immerse yourself in its culture.However, living with a foreign family can be difficult and adjusting to it can take some effort. ”说明在国外学习时,与寄宿家庭一起生活是让自己沉浸在寄宿家庭文化中的最佳方式之一,但是因为各种方面的不同,与外国家庭一起生活可能会很困难,适应它可能需要一些努力。空处承接上文,并引出下文中所给的建议。G项“这里有一些建议,可以帮助你充分利用寄宿家庭的经历”符合语境。故选G。 Involve yourself in family activities. If you spend all your time in your room, it’ s going to be hard to feel like you belong. Getting involved in everyday activities with your host family will help you create a family bond. For example, some families like having dinner together on weekends. 2(　　) Not only will they appreciate it but you will also feel like a part of their world.  A.Be open and respectful. B.Make time for those moments. C.The language barrier can also be a struggle. D.So instead of doing things blindly, just ask! E.Showing your gratitude will take you a long way. F.You may well recall the memorable moments with friends back home. G.Here are some tips on making the most of your host family experience. 2.答案:B 解析:上文“For example, some families like having dinner together on weekends.”以及下文“Not only will they appreciate it but you will also feel like a part of their world.”说明一些家庭周末喜欢一起吃饭,而参与这些活动会有积极效果。空处承上启下,B项中的those moments和上文中的“some families like having dinner together on weekends”相呼应,说明为那些时刻腾出时间,这样就能带来积极的效果。故选B。 Be patient with yourself. Keep in mind that you’ ve just left everything you’ ve known for years behind to start a new life. It’ s okay to be confused. 3(　　) While you may know the language, some expressions and slang can be hard to grasp at first. Take it easy. Remember you will adapt but it will take some time.  A.Be open and respectful. B.Make time for those moments. C.The language barrier can also be a struggle. D.So instead of doing things blindly, just ask! E.Showing your gratitude will take you a long way. F.You may well recall the memorable moments with friends back home. G.Here are some tips on making the most of your host family experience. 3.答案:C 解析:上文“Keep in mind that you’ ve just left everything you’ ve known for years behind to start a new life. It’ s okay to be confused.”以及下文“While you may know the language, some expressions and slang can be hard to grasp at first.”说明在国外学习和生活意味着放弃了多年来所知道的一切,开始了新的生活,困惑是正常的。空处承上启下,C项中的aslo和上文形成递进关系,the language barrier和下文的“some expressions and slang can be hard to grasp”相呼应,说明语言障碍也是适应过程中的一项挑战。故选C。 Communication is key. If you are unsure about something, ask! It’s normal to know few customs and habits at first. 4(　　) Your host family will understand and help you. It’ s also normal not to know a lot about unspoken social rules of the country.  A.Be open and respectful. B.Make time for those moments. C.The language barrier can also be a struggle. D.So instead of doing things blindly, just ask! E.Showing your gratitude will take you a long way. F.You may well recall the memorable moments with friends back home. G.Here are some tips on making the most of your host family experience. 4.答案:D 解析:上文“If you are unsure about something, ask! It’ s normal to know few customs and habits at first. ”说明如果有不确定的事情要问,尝试去了解一些风俗习惯。空处和上文形成因果关系,表示在了解的过程中需要大胆去询问。D项中的“just ask”和上文中的“If you are unsure about something, ask!”相呼应,D项“所以不要盲目行事,尽管问吧!”符合语境。故选D。 5(　　) You have to understand that host families are not just providing a roof over your head. They are making significant changes to their daily routines. Thank them for their kindness, patience and understanding. Let them know how much their assistance means to you.  Remember, a grateful heart is a happy heart, and a happy heart will lead you to further success and fulfillment in your life abroad. A.Be open and respectful. B.Make time for those moments. C.The language barrier can also be a struggle. D.So instead of doing things blindly, just ask! E.Showing your gratitude will take you a long way. F.You may well recall the memorable moments with friends back home. G.Here are some tips on making the most of your host family experience. 5.答案:E 解析:下文“You have to understand that host families are not just providing a roof over your head. They are making significant changes to their daily routines. Thank them for their kindness, patience and understanding.”说明寄宿家庭为你做出了改变,所以要心怀感激之情。E项“表达你的感激之情会让你走得更长远”适合作本段的主旨句,统领全段。故选E。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分) 　 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国北方传统美食“冰糖葫芦”的起源和故事。 　 As soon as the weather gets cold in northern China, you’ ll see a lot of vendors selling a delicious traditional delicacy—Bing Tang Hu Lu, or Tanghulu 1　　　　　　 short. This snack, which originated in Beijing and Tianjin, traditionally 2　　　　　　 (consist) of hawthorn fruits coated in hard candy 3　　　　　　 skewered (串住) on a bamboo stick.  1.答案:in 解析:考查介词。in short是固定短语,意为“简称;简言之”。故填in。 2.答案:consists 解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。consist of是句中谓语,意为“由……组成”,与主语this snack之间是主谓关系; 描述客观事实用一般现在时态;主语是单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填consists。 3.答案:and 解析:考查连词。coated in hard candy和skewered on a bamboo stick是两个并列的过去分词短语作后置定语修饰名词词组hawthorn fruits,用连词and连接。故填and。 The story begins with 4　　　　　　 beautiful Chinese woman. The favourite concubine (妃子) of the Song Emperor Guangzong fell seriously ill. No court doctor was able to cure her. 5　　　　(help), the emperor issued an appeal for doctors from among the ordinary people to come forward to help. A country doctor recommended eating red hawthorn fruits fried in brown sugar, which turned out to be effective.   4.答案:a 解析:考查冠词。可数名词Chinese woman在句中表示“一个中国女人”,泛指,beautiful的发音以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 5.答案:To help 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为了提供帮助,皇帝呼吁普通百姓中的医生前来帮忙。根据句意,空处是“the emperor issued an appeal for doctors from among the ordinary people to come forward to help”的目的,用不定式作目的状语。故填To help。 Thus, sugar-coated hawthorn fruits became the favourite sugary snack of the Chinese imperial family, and court chefs were assigned 6　　　　 (supply) it on a regular basis. After 7　　　(reserve) for the nobility during the last imperial dynasty, the sticky delicacy has become 8　　　　　 (wide) popular among ordinary people in more recent times.  6.答案:to supply 解析:考查非谓语动词。assign sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“指派/派遣某人去做某事”,句中使用了其被动语态sb. be assigned to do...,意为“某人被指派做……”,用不定式作主语补足语。故填to supply。 7.答案:being reserved 解析:考查非谓语动词。介词after后跟动名词作宾语,结合句意,reserve与其逻辑主语the sticky delicacy之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,用动名词的被动式being reserved。故填being reserved。 8.答案:widely 解析:考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词popular,用副词widely作状语,意为“普遍地,广泛地”。故填widely。 The round and red fruits were seen as good luck, 9__________ (symbolize) togetherness. With time, it was believed that the snack brought good luck and wealth, hence 10　　　　　　 (it) popularity at family celebrations and large meals. So, what could possibly stop you from giving it a try?  9.答案:symbolizing 解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“(symbolize) togetherness”作伴随状语,symbolize(象征)与其逻辑主语the round and red fruits之间是主谓关系,用现在分词表示主动和伴随。故填symbolizing。 10.答案:its 解析:考查代词。空处作定语,用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词popularity。故填its。 写作规范练(一) Ⅰ.应用文写作——建议信(满分15分) 　　假定你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim得知中国实行144小时过境免签政策后,计划在10月份过境中国时,与家人在北京旅行两天。这是他们首次来华旅游,因此他发来电子邮件,向你寻求建议。请你用英文回复邮件,帮助Jim规划此次旅行。内容包括: 1.推荐的行程安排; 2.注意事项。 注意:写作词数应为80个左右。 _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Dear Jim, I’ m glad to hear you plan to travel in Beijing. For the two-day trip, on the first day, visit the Forbidden City in the morning. Its grand architecture will amaze you. In the afternoon, go to Tian’ anmen. On the second day, take a trip to the Great Wall. It’ s a must-see. Remember to check the weather in advance and wear comfortable shoes. Also, be careful with your belongings. It’ s better to learn some simple Chinese phrases for convenience. Book tickets for attractions online in advance to avoid long queues. Have a great trip! Yours, Li Hua Ⅱ.读后续写——助人为乐(满分25分) 　　阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　(2024·江苏南京六校联合调研)Walking on the street, the bitter cold of a December day in Washington, D.C. was ruining my mood. The temperature was below zero so I ducked into the subway station, hoping to get warm. Warmth came to my body as I settled onto a bench with a cup of hot coffee. Now I was ready to relax and do some serious people-watching. I noticed a homeless man seated nearby. The pleasant smell of delicious food from the subway food court (餐饮区) was tempting me to consider an early dinner. From the longing look in my neighbor’ s eyes, it was obvious that he also noticed the good smell. I wondered how long it had been since he had eaten anything, expecting he would approach me for a handout (施舍物). But he never did. My head and heart were battling it out: the former telling me to mind my own business, and the latter urging me to make an immediate trip to the food court for him. While this inner debate was fierce, a well-dressed young couple suddenly approached. “Excuse me, sir,” began the husband. “We just finished eating and our appetite wasn’ t as big as we thought. We hate to waste food. Can you help us out and put this to good use?” The kind stranger handed a large container with food. “Thank you,” came the grateful reply.Feeling good about what I had seen, but disappointed by my own lack of action, I observed my neighbor’ s response to his sudden good fortune. He lifted the soup, cupping his hands around the steaming bowl. It was obvious that he was going to enjoy this miracle meal. He opened his mouth and suddenly, he stopped. The reason for this unexpected behavior soon became clear. Entering the hall was a new arrival, in his seventies, hatless and gloveless. His lightweight jacket was a poor protection against the cold. His face and hands were red and damaged. People around focused on him with pity and whispered at this sad sight. 注意:续写词数应为150个左右。 My neighbor was the only one taking action.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tears blurred my vision when I went to buy food at the food court.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] My neighbor was the only one taking action.Quickly pulling aside his miracle meal,my neighbor leaped to his feet and guided the elderly man to share the seat.Numb with cold,the old man didn’ t expect the invitation,moving clumsily.Hardly had he seated himself when my neighbor tenderly put his down jacket over the older man’ s shoulders,slipping his arms into sleeves.Finally,he said, “Can you help me out?”,pointing to the meal and placing the steaming cup of soup in the stranger’ s hands.Seeing this,my head and heart stopped battling and I had my decision.  Tears blurred my vision when I went to buy food at the food court.What my neighbor said exactly spoke my mind.With regret,I felt obliged to do the same.Respectfully and cautiously,I approached them with steaming soup and a sandwich.People around cast an approving smile in my direction.“Can you help me out?” I asked.“Why not?” he added jokingly.“But only if you go halfway with me on that sandwich,which is too much for a man of my age.” It wasn’ t until that day that I truly learned the meaning of sharing.I left the subway station feeling warmer than I had ever thought possible.  基础知识过关练(一)(必修第一册) Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分,共25分) 1. The sports meeting which is scheduled ⁠ (take) place on April 15 may be put off due to the bad weather.  2. My father impressed me ⁠ the value of honesty, which has been benefiting me over years. 3. I am absolutely ⁠ (confidence) that he has the competence to handle the difficult situation. to take with confident 4. The winter holidays we had been looking forward to ⁠ (come) at last, which meant we would have much leisure time. 5. Some students have a ⁠ (prefer) for English songs, while some students are keen on watching English movies. 6. I’ m sure the visitors will be ⁠ (amaze) by the beautiful scenery in Jiuzhaigou. 7. Eye doctors recommend that a child’ s first eye exam ⁠ ⁠ (take) at the age of six months old.  came preference amazed (should) be taken 8. Unfortunately, the volunteer got ⁠ (injure) when dragging the motorbike out of the water. 9. He was one of the 30 ⁠ (apply) for the manager’ s position, and thus, he had no confidence in himself. 10. I’ d like to inform you of some ⁠ (detail) information so that you can make full preparations for the project. 11. Seeing his face filled with anxiety, I knew Tom would give participating in the cross⁃country race. injured applicants detailed up 12. In my free time I will chat with people from ⁠ (vary) careers so that I can broaden my horizons. 13. Like humans, polar bears can feel pain, have emotions and can be ⁠ (frighten). 14. I have arranged ⁠ someone to pick you up, and then we can make arrangements for the travel. 15. ⁠ (base) on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. various frightened for Based 16. In the past few decades, our city has changed so much that it is now beyond ⁠ (recognise). 17. The instructions on the package were not just ⁠ (confuse); they were positively misleading. 18. He gave me a ⁠ (determine) look, as if to say that he would not change his mind. 19. Don’ t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give away the ⁠ (shock) ending. recognition confusing determined shocking 20. Undoubtedly, the ⁠ of the accident had some basic ⁠ skills, which helped them come back alive.(survive) 21. I was a little at the sight of the ⁠ question on the paper, but such ⁠ didn’ t last long.(confuse) survivors survival confused confusing confusion 22. Though the art show ⁠ to attract as many visitors as we had expected, it was far from being a ⁠; it was a great success.(fail) 23. Given that it was a ⁠ task, the manager ⁠ that we (should) work extra hours to meet customers’ ⁠.(demand) 24. Walking in the park, you’ ll find yourself ⁠ (attract) by the amazing scenery. 25. I think ⁠ useful for us students to read some classic novels to widen our knowledge. failed failure demanding demanded demands attracted it Ⅱ.词块/短语运用(每小题2分,共30分) 1. I have been ⁠ (盼望/期待在这家国际公司工作), so I study hard on a daily basis.  2. However hard I tried, I was unable to ⁠ (集中精力上课).  3. Why not (报名参加这个有 意义的活动) to be held in the lecture hall next Sunday?  looking forward to working in this international firm concentrate on my lessons sign up for the meaningful activity 4. Attaching your photograph to the application is a necessity when you (申请工作).  5. Mary is the coach of the badminton team who ⁠ (负责培训球员).  6. Many teenagers today should manage time wisely so that they won’ t ______________________________________(沉迷于网络游戏).  7. A teacher should (为学生树立榜 样) by behaving himself/herself very well at any moment.  apply for a job is responsible for training the players be addicted to online games set an example for students 8. If you could choose to remember only five words in your life, remember these “ (永远不要失去信心). Keep trying.”  9. It was a shame that (他们的 友谊最终破裂了) and they became enemies.  10. Taking exercise regularly to strengthen your body, which will (对你的健康有作用).  Never lose heart their friendship finally fell apart make a difference to your health 11. To keep physically healthy, the experts strongly suggest ⁠ (在我们的日常生活中停止喝酒).  12. On returning to their village, they were shocked to find ⁠ (村庄成了废墟).  13. The sentence (讲不通), no matter how you read it.  cutting out alcohol in our daily life the village in ruins doesn’ t make sense 14. Money and fame (与幸福无关). True happiness lies in being satisfied with your life and being grateful for all the things you have received.  15. Life (总是充满了跌宕起伏). Be brave and do not complain when you experience hard times.  are not related to happiness is always full of ups and downs Ⅲ.完成句子/一句多译/句式升级(每小题2分,共20分) 1. 我很荣幸能在这里与你们分享我对高中要学习什么的看法。 ① ⁠ to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.(honour n.)  ② ⁠ to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.(honoured)  It is my honour to be here I am/feel honoured to be here 2. He was determined to look after his parents well, so he moved to live with them. → ⁠, he moved to live with them.(形容词短语作状语)  Determined to look after his parents well ② ⁠, he didn’ t know that all the others had left.(现在分词短语作状语)  ③ ⁠, he didn’ t know that all the others had left.(原因状语从句)  Burying himself in his study Because he was buried in his study 3. 他埋头学习,不知道其他人已经离开了。(bury) ① ⁠, he didn’ t know that all the others had left.(过去分词短语作状语)  Buried in his study 4. 这辆自行车似乎太重了以至于很难控制。更糟糕的是,我从自 行车上摔下来很多次。(too...to...) The bike seemed ⁠.Worse still, I took many falls off the bike.  5. According to the expert, the building has a history which dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty. →According to the expert, the building has a history ⁠ .(分词短语作定语)  too heavy to control dating from/back to the early Tang Dynasty 6. 即使我吓得浑身颤抖,我仍然鼓起勇气,走上舞台,开始了我的演 讲。(even if/though) ⁠, I still gathered all my courage, stepped on the stage and began my speech.  7. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。(when) We ⁠ someone broke in.  Even if/though I was so frightened that I trembled all over were having a meeting when ①He ⁠ a crowded bus.(prefer...rather than...)   ②He ⁠ a crowded bus.(would rather...than...)  ③He ⁠ a crowded bus.(prefer...to...)  prefers to ride a bike rather than take would rather ride a bike than take prefers riding a bike to taking 8. 他宁愿骑自行车而不愿意坐拥挤的公共汽车。 9. 在我看来,保持经济发展和环境保护之间的平衡非常重要。(be+ of +抽象名词) From my point of view, striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection ⁠ .⁠ is of great importance/significance 10. 在明亮的阳光下,湖面看起来好像点缀着闪闪发光的钻石。(as if) In the bright sunlight, the surface of the lake looks ⁠ shining diamonds.  as if it were dotted with $$