必修1 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版）

必修第一册 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 主题语境　自然灾害 单元主题· 创意背记 背诵默写本 板块一　词句背诵 ◆重难点词汇 五级词汇 damage vt.损害,破坏 n.[U]损坏;损失 　do/cause damage to对……造成损害 death n.[C]死,死亡 (dead adj.死的　deadly adj.致命的　die v.死亡) 　be bored/scared/frightened to death无聊得/怕得要死 effect n.[C]&[U]影响;结果;效果 (effective adj.有效的) 　have an effect on对……有影响 effort n.[C]&[U]努力;尽力;艰难的尝试;精力 　make every effort/spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力做某事 percent n.[亦作 per cent,单复数同形] 百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 power n.[U]电力供应;能量;力量;控制力(powerful adj.强大的,强壮的　powerless adj.无力的,没有能力的,无权力的) suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦;变差(suffering n.痛苦,苦难　sufferer n.受苦者) 　suffer from遭受;患……病;受……之苦 affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 aid n.[U]援助,帮助;[C]救援物资 vi.& vt.[formal]帮助;援助(help) 四级词汇 　first aid kit急救箱 　come to sb.’ s aid帮助某人 breathe vi.& vt.呼吸(breath n.呼吸　breathless adj.气喘吁吁的) bury vt.埋葬;安葬;埋藏;遮盖(burial n.埋葬;葬礼) 　be buried in/bury oneself in (doing) sth.埋头于(做)某事;专心致志于(做)某事 calm adj.(人)镇静的;沉着的;(天气、海洋等)平静的 vt.使平静;使镇静 　calm down(使)平静下来;(使)镇静下来 deliver vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表;表达;讲(delivery n.交付;分娩;递送) destroy vt.摧毁,毁灭;消灭,杀死 disaster n.[C]灾难;灾害;彻底失败的人/事 [C,U]不幸 　natural disasters自然灾害 electricity n.[U]电;电能;电力(electric adj.电的;用电的) electronic adj.电子的 　cut off electricity切断电源 emergency n.[C]&[U]突发事件;紧急情况 　in an emergency在紧急情况下 　in case of emergency遇到紧急情况 flood n.[C]&[U]洪水;[C]大量 vt.淹没;使灌满水 vi.(洪水般地)大量涌入(pour);淹没 　a flood of大量的 rescue n.& vt.救援;营救 　rescue sb./sth. from从……中解救某人/某物 　come to sb.’ s rescue营救某人 ruin n.[C][常用复数]废墟,遗迹,残余;[U]毁坏;破坏;破产 vt.糟蹋;(完全地)毁坏;破坏;使破产 　in ruins严重受损;破败不堪 shelter n.[C]避难处;[U]居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) 　put up shelters搭建避难所 　shelter...from保护……免受……(protect...from) shock n.[U]&[C][常用单数]震惊;令人震惊的事;[U]休克;[C]电击 vt.(使)震惊 (shocking adj.令人震惊的　shocked adj.感到震惊的) in shock震惊;吃惊 strike vi.& vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;击打;突击;(时钟等)敲响 vt.[不用于进行时]突然想到;给……以某种印象 n.[C]袭击;罢工;罢课 supply n.[C][pl.]补给品;供应(量);[U]补给 vt.供应;供给;提供 　emergency supplies应急物资 　supply and demand供应与需求 　supply sth. to sb./supply sb. with sth.为某人提供某物 survive vt.比……活得长;幸存;艰难度过(survival n.幸存,生还　survivor n.幸存者,生还者) vi.生存;存活 wave n.[C]海浪;波浪 vi.& vt.挥手;招手 三级词汇 crash vt.& vi.碰撞;撞击 vi.(公司等)倒闭;(股票)暴跌 n.[C][常用单数]爆裂声;碰撞(事件);撞车;(计算机等)崩溃 length n.[U]&[C]长度;长(lengthen v.延长,伸长　long adj.长的) 　at length最后;长时间地;详尽地 sweep vt.& vi.(swept, swept)(暴风雨等)袭击;打扫;清扫;掠过 　sweep away消灭,彻底消除 trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套;留存,储存(气体/水等) n.[C]险境;陷阱 　be trapped in困在……中;陷在……中 wisdom n.[U]智慧;才智(wise adj.明智的　wisely adv.明智地　unwise adj.不明智的) 二级词汇 context n.[C]&[U](文章的)上下文;语境;(事情发生的)背景 erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出(eruption n.爆发) 一级词汇 revive vt.& vi.复活;(使)苏醒(revival n.振兴;复苏) unify vi.& vt.统一;(使)成一体 ◆短语与词块 1.as if似乎;好像;仿佛 2.in the open air露天;在户外 3.first aid kit急救箱 4.on hand现有(尤指帮助) 5.rise and fall升升降降,起起伏伏;兴衰 6.the number of ...……的数量 7.as usual像往常一样 8.at (the) least至少 9.come to an end结束 10.one of the most deadly earthquakes最致命的地震之一 11.provide medical care提供医疗护理 12.put up shelters搭建避难所 ◆句式表达 1.句式:too ...to ...太……而不能…… Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西,狗也不愿意进屋里去。 2.句式:as if ...似乎/好像…… It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临! 3.句式:主语+be+adj.+to do Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.很难得到水、食物和电。 4.句式:分词短语作结果状语 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,and at least four other countries.过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸,造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6 500多人死亡。 5.句式:be doing...when...正在做……突然…… I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭,突然海水开始灌入屋内。 板块二　默写练习 Ⅰ.核心词块 1. suffer a 遭受灾难 2. down the grassy slope 从草坡上滑下来 3. the drowning man营救溺水的男子 4. volcanic 火山喷发 5. cause serious to the country’ s economy 对这个国家 的经济造成严重破坏 6. the environment 破坏环境 disaster slide rescue eruption damage damage 7. spare no 不遗余力 8. a rough 一个简陋的避难所 9. walk into the 走入陷阱 10. be in a book 埋头读书 11. a woman of great 才女 12. dependent 上下文相关 13. huge losses 遭受巨额亏损 14. the water 水供应 effort shelter trap buried wisdom context suffer supply 15. me on the shoulder 拍我的肩膀 16. in case of (an) 紧急情况下 17. keep 保持镇静 18. goodbye to me挥手向我告别 19. his head on the edge of the table 他的头碰在桌棱上 20. cause and 因果关系 tap emergency calm wave strike effect Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1. n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊 → adj.令人震惊的→ adj.感到震惊的 2. n.电;电能→ adj.电的;用电的 → adj.电子的 3. vi.& vt.呼吸→ n.呼吸→ ⁠ adj.气喘吁吁的 shock shocking shocked electricity electric electronic breathe breath breathless 4. vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 → n.痛苦→ n.患者;受难者 5. n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→ adj.强 有力的;有影响力的→ adj.无力的 6. vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表→ n.投递;送交 7. n.长;长度→ adj.长的→ v.(使) 变长 suffer suffering sufferer power powerful powerless deliver delivery length long lengthen 8. Hearing the story her mom told her, she wore a ⁠ (shock) expression. 9. In order to find more ⁠ ways to protect the environment,we called on the government to put the law into ⁠.(effect) 10. With joint ⁠ (effort), I believe that we are sure to make the world a better place. shocked effective effect efforts 结合语境变形单词 11. The ⁠ disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 ⁠ up to now.(dead) 12. Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase our chances of ⁠.Thanks to the swimming skills, my friend succeeded in the flood and he was the only ⁠ in his neighbourhood.(survive) deadly deaths survival surviving survivor Ⅲ.重点短语 1. behave nothing has happened 表现得若无其事  2. look at me 吃惊地看着我  3. 总的来说  4. kit 急救箱  5. work out 在户外锻炼  6. big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent 大 树的数量减少了55%还多  7. various kinds of 各种自然灾害  as if in shock in summary first aid in the open air the number of natural disasters 8. The earthquake did damage to the area where many houses fell down and (许多人被困在废 墟中).  9. During New Year, sweeping floors is forbidden as it may ⁠ (扫走好运与财富).  10. The next morning, Tom (像往常一样 去上学).  many people were trapped in ruins sweep away luck and fortune went to school as usual 根据语境完成句子 11. Music was the one thing (我所能坚持的) when things got crazy.  12. If you run out of energy, ⁠ (在手边准备一些健康的零食) to give yourself a quick boost.  I could hold on to keep some healthy snacks on hand Ⅳ.句式仿写 1. 我一站在舞台上就紧张地说不出话来,心激动得怦怦直跳。 (too...to...) The moment I stood on stage, ⁠ and my heart pounded with excitement.  I was too nervous to say anything 2. 狗一看到萨姆,它就跳到他的腿上,好像他们永远都是最好的朋 友。(as if ) As soon as the dog saw Sam, it jumped on his lap ⁠ ⁠ for ever.  3. 我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师,他不仅知识渊博,而且很容易相 处。(be+adj.+to do) The person I respect most is my English teacher, who is not only knowledgeable .⁠ as if they’ d been best friends but easy to get along with 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.affect vt.影响(influence);(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→ n.喜爱→ n.作用;影响 (1)be affected by受……的影响;被……感动 be affected with感染……疾病 (2)show/have/feel much/an affection for...(非常)喜欢……,喜爱…… affection effect (3)have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响 ①Affected a serious disease, he was no longer able to rise to his feet feeling desperate and helpless.(悲伤情绪表达)  ②I propose that you should choose some presents with New Zealand features, which are bound to win your friend’ s ⁠(affect). ③李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌,它们对中国文化产生了巨大 的影响。(人物介绍) with affection During Li Bai’ s lifetime, he wrote a great number of excellent poems,____________________________________________. all of which have a great effect on Chinese culture 站起来 2.shock n.休克;震惊;令人震惊的事 vt.(使)震惊→ adj.感到震惊的→ adj.令人震惊的 (1)in shock吃惊,震惊 to one’ s shock令某人震惊的是 (2)be shocked at sth./that...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊 shocked shocking ①The news of his sudden death is so ⁠ that each of us is greatly ⁠ at it.(shock) ②I was shocked ⁠ (hear) the news that his car got crashed seriously the other day.  shocking shocked to hear → ⁠, Tom won the championship in the English speech contest.(n.shock)  →Tom won the championship in the English speech contest, ⁠ .(非限制性定语从句)  → ⁠ Tom won the championship in the English speech contest.(it作形式主语)  → ⁠ Tom won the championship in the English speech contest.(what主语从句)  To our shock which was a shock to/shocked us It shocked us that What shocked us was that ③令我们震惊的是,汤姆在英语演讲比赛中赢得了冠军。 3.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.陷阱;险境 (1)be trapped in 被困在…… trap sb. into doing sth.诱使某人做某事 (2)fall into/get out of a trap落入/摆脱圈套 lay/set a trap (for)(为……)布下陷阱/设置圈套 ②She fell ⁠ the trap of buying a product with hidden fees, which ended up costing her much more than she expected. ③我读英语时,经常被一些不认识的单词困住。如果你能给我一 些指导,我将不胜感激。(求助信) into ①The shopkeepers often trap us into ⁠ (buy) poor quality products or the products we don’ t necessarily need. buying When I read English, ⁠ ⁠. I would be very grateful if you could give me some guidance. I am often trapped in some unknown words 4.bury vt.埋葬;安葬;掩埋;隐藏→ n.埋葬;葬礼 bury sth.in把某物埋在…… bury oneself in=be buried in埋头于,专心于 bury one’ s face in one’ s hands双手掩面 burial ①(外研选必四)The adventurer believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city (bury) deep in the jungle. ②David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms. buried →David still refused to look at me, _____. (现在分词短语作状语)  →David still refused to look at me, . (with复合结构)  →David still refused to look at me, . (独立主格结构)  burying his head in his arms with his head buried in his arms his head buried in his arms ③当她听到她被老板解雇的消息时,她双手掩面而泣。(情感描写) Hearing the news that she was fired by her boss, ⁠ . she buried her face in her hands and wept 5.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 → n.受苦,遭难;苦楚,苦难→ n.受难者; 患者 (1)suffer from患……病;受……苦 suffering sufferer (2)suffer作及物动词时,其后可跟pain、defeat、hardship等词作宾 语;suffer from中的from表示原因,因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等受苦。 ①The old man is said to have gone through varieties of (suffer) during the war. ②生活中总有一些起起伏伏,但正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(主旨 升华) sufferings There are always some ups and downs in our life,___________ ___________________________.(强调句)  but it is the suffering that makes us stronger 6.survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸免;幸存;艰难度过;生还;比……活得长→ n.幸存者→ n.幸存;生还 survive on靠……存活下来 survive sth.幸免于;从……中活下来 A survives B (by+时间) A比B活得长(……) survivor survival ①She is one of the few who the crash and she owed that to her skills learned in a medical school.(survive) ②Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness, she still survived her husband 5 years. ③生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而在于学会在雨中翩翩起 舞。(结尾升华) survivors survived survival by Life isn’ t about ;it’ s about learning to dance in the rain.  how to survive the storm 7.strike vt.& vi.(struck, struck/stricken)击打;(时钟等)敲响;划(火 柴);突击;撞击;侵袭;给(某人以……)印象;突然想起 n.罢工;罢课; 袭击 be struck by被……打动/迷住/侵袭 sth.strikes sb.某人想到…… It occurs to/hits/strikes sb.that...某人突然想起…… strike...into one’ s heart使……刻骨铭心 ①Meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion, one I’ d strike ⁠ my heart forever. ②As he was struck by the beauty of the country, he decided to stay another day. → ⁠, he decided to stay another day.(非谓语动词)  into Struck by the beauty of the country ③突然我想到了一个好主意,我可以用胡椒喷雾把熊吓跑。(动物 描写) →Suddenly ⁠ I could use pepper spray to scare the bear away.  → ⁠ I could use pepper spray to scare the bear away, .(it作形式主语,非 限制性定语从句)  a brilliant idea occurred to/hit/struck me that It struck/hit/occurred to me that which was a brilliant idea (1)as if/though引导表语从句时常放在look、seem等系动词之后。 (2)as if/though引导状语从句时的用法: 8.as if引导的从句的虚拟语气 [教材原句]　It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临! ①Listen, the whistle of an ambulance!It seems as if there (be) an emergency. ②The kids are very friendly with her and even look up to her as if she (be) their own mother. ③The moment I stepped into the house, it let out a mew of delight as if (tell) me something important.  is were to tell 发出高兴的喵喵声 The moment I saw Gunter, I advanced towards him and hugged him as if .  注意:当as if/though引导方式状语从句时,如果从句的主语和主句 的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词的某种形式,则可以省略从句中 的主语和be动词。 we had been friends for years ④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)我一看到冈特,就向他走去,然后拥抱了他,好 像我们是多年的朋友似的。 此句中when用作并列连词,意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突 然”之意时,还常用于以下句型: (1)be about to do...when...=be on the point of doing....when...正要 做……突然…… (2)had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然…… 9.be doing sth.when...“正在做某事,这时……” [教材原句]　I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐,这时 水开始往我家里灌。 ①I was walking cautiously along the road my feet slipped and I fell over. ②他正要回答时,感到舌头被绑住了,手掌开始出汗。(紧张心 理描写) when when he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.  ③我们刚从着火的房子里逃出来,房子就倒向地面,我们几乎要被 吓死了。(恐惧心理描写) it fell to the ground and we were nearly dead with fright.  He was about to respond/on the point of responding We had just escaped from the burning house when Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)This method may not be (effect) for everyone as each student’ s oral ability is different. 2. (strike) by the beautiful scenery along the road, we stopped to admire it. 3. On returning to the town, they were shocked to find their neighborhood in (ruin). effective Struck ruins 4. If you have any problems, just turn to me.I’ ll do everything ⁠ my power to help you. 5. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It is also being used to help patients ________ (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind. 6. There is no need to buy something more, because we have plenty of food hand for the party. 7. It was said that the explosion in the city centre caused 7 deaths, which was great shock for residents. in suffering on a 8. Furniture is destroyed, streets are flooded and thousands of people (bury) under the houses.  9. (trap) in the ruins for two days, the girl constantly held a positive attitude, firmly believing that someone would come to her rescue. 10. If he couldn’ t find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of (survive). are buried Trapped survival Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1. 得知我的搭档得了重病,我非常焦虑,所以我冲向了医院。 Knowing that my partner was , I was burning with anxiety, so I darted towards the hospital.  2. 我深爱我的妈妈,她的言行对我有着积极的影响。(人物描写) I feel much affection for my mum, ⁠ +++++++++++++++++++++++ . suffering from a serious illness whose words and actions have a positive effect/influence on me 4. 看起来海豚好像因为不能游上来呼吸空气很受苦。所以我们决 定尽所能地去拯救这只海豚。 for not being able to swim up to get air.So, we determined to do everything ⁠ to rescue the dolphin.  It looked as if the dolphin suffered a lot in our power 3. 我们正在给鱼投食,这时一只被困在网里的海豚吸引了我们的 目光。 a dolphin trapped in a net caught our eyes.  We were feeding the fish when Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? 生义:___________ 熟义:n.陷阱;计谋　v.使落入险境;使陷入困境 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but... 生义:_________ 熟义:n.能力;力量;权利 v.吸收 v.驱动 3.(2022·全国乙卷)Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. 生义:__________________ 熟义:v.打扫,清除 n.连绵弯曲的地带 4.deliver A.v.递送 B.v.生(小孩);接生 C.v.发表(演说等) (1)She was delivered of a healthy baby, which made all her family members wild with joy. ___ (2)The son of a grocer, he’ d spent the summers of his childhood delivering food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. ___ (3)Good evening, everybody.Professor King will be delivering his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.___ B A C 培优2　单元话题写作——地震与救援   根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 　　Several years ago, a great earthquake hit (用本单元词汇替换黑体词: ① ) Wenchuan, a city in Sichuan Province, and everyone was ② (shock).About thirty percent of the buildings ③____ ________ (成为废墟).Most people suffered a great deal and many people were ④ (死亡或受伤).There was ⑤_______ electricity nor water.It seemed as if ⑥_____________________ (仿佛世界末日即将来临). struck shocked in ruins lay dead or injured neither the world were at an end The government immediately organised rescue teams to evacuate people (将黑体部分改为被动句:⑦___________________________ ____________________________________________ ) and take the ⑧ (survive) to shelters in the open air.The helicopters delivered ⑨ (各种物资).Some doctors and volunteers also came to their rescue.⑩___________________________ _______(多亏了他们的共同努力和智慧), the city began to breathe and revive itself.  immediately by the government to evacuate Rescue people survivors all kinds of/a variety of supplies wisdom Thanks teams were organised to their joint efforts and 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　shock;in shock;calm;affect;effort [动作描写]　rescue;flood;deliver;bury;damage;destroy;aid;sweep away;wave;suffer;survive;shelter;strike;trap;crash 美句 1.For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.(重复) 2.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water.(排比) 美句 3.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!(夸张) 4.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.(夸张) 5.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves...(比喻) 6.Slowly, the city began to breathe again.(拟人) 7.Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.(拟人) Step 2　语料运用　【搞笑经历】 　　我的头被困在大南瓜里,我失去了冷静开始恐慌。我再次努力把头从南瓜里拔出,但白费力气。时间一分一秒地过去,我越来越紧张。各种各样糟糕的想法涌入我的心头。 ①_______________________ ___________(with复合结构), I lost my calm and began to panic.I made every effort to pull my head out of it once again, but in vain.I was getting more nervous as the minutes ticked away.Various terrible thoughts ② _______________________. With my head trapped in the huge pumpkin flooded into my mind 令我恼火的是,我哥哥不顾我正在遭受的事情,他竟然咯咯地笑着轻拍大南瓜。我爸爸立刻来帮助我,安慰地说,“保持镇静!”好像过了一个世纪,我终于获救了。一个明亮的世界再次出现在我的眼前。 激动和喜悦涌上我的心头。 To my annoyance, ③____________ _____________ (分词短语作状语), my brother tapped the huge pumpkin, giggling.Instantly, my father came to my aid, saying reassuringly, ④“_________!”After ⑤____________ ____________ (what引导的宾语从句), I was successfully rescued and a bright world came into my sight again.⑥_____________________________ ____________ (无生命名词作主语).  I was suffering ignoring what Keep calm like a century what seemed A mix of excitement and joy washed over me 语料积累 【情感细节描写:喜悦与快乐(二)】 单词 dance;beam;grin 词块 sparkle/twinkle/shine/dance with joy/delight/happiness闪烁着/跳跃着喜悦的光芒;be filled with delight/happiness/joy满心欢喜; thump/pound/hammer with joy/happiness高兴得心怦怦跳;well up in one’ s heart涌上心头;dance/jump for/with joy高兴地雀跃/跳起来 句型 A flood of joy/pleasure welled up in him.(无生命名词作主语) 喜悦顿时涌上了心头。 Both Mark and I are feeling on the top of the world.(夸张) 马克和我都感觉自己站在世界之巅。 She hummed and skipped in the forest like a bird.(比喻) 她像一只鸟一样在森林里哼着跳着。 The smile on her face shone like a diamond.(比喻) 她脸上的微笑像钻石一样闪闪发光。 课时作业 Ⅰ. 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A 　　Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are indicating that accurate quake forecasting may be ①attainable, thereby casting doubt on the conventional wisdom that such an accomplishment is beyond our capabilities. Researchers at the University of Texas, Austin, created an AI model that, during a test run in China, correctly forecasted approximately 70 percent of earthquakes with a one⁃week warning and offered reliable assessments of their potential intensity. The researchers attribute their technique’ s effectiveness to its reliance on a straightforward machine learning ②framework. The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team’ s knowledge of earthquake physics, and then instructed to train itself using a five⁃year database of earthquake recordings. Once trained, the AI offered predictions by detecting early indicators of quakes hidden within the planet’ s low-frequency rumbles (隆隆声). The project marks a substantial breakthrough in the exploration of AI for anticipating seismic (地震的) events. According to Alexandros Savvaidis, a senior researcher heading the Texas Seismological Network, “Seismic ③occurrences strike without warning, often in the blink of an eye. Your readiness is all you can influence. Achieving a 70% prediction rate is a considerable achievement that could significantly restrict the impact of earthquakes, reducing both the financial burden and loss of life, and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.” Although the effectiveness of this method in different regions remains uncertain, the researchers believe that their AI model has the potential to enhance prediction accuracy when carried out in regions equipped with dependable seismic monitoring facilities. Their next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, where the University of Texas’ s TexNet operates a network of 300 earthquake stations and over six years’ worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes. Ultimately, the authors aim to combine the system with physics-based models. This approach could be particularly valuable in areas characterized by limited or inadequate data. “That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,” concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau’ s director. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能可以进行地震预测,并介绍了其工作原理以及意义。 1 2 3 4 1.How does the AI predict seismic events?(　　) A.It identifies data from the satellites. B.It analyzes background sounds in the Earth. C.It models data based on earthquake recordings. D.It monitors changes in the Earth’ s magnetic field. B 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Once trained, the AI offered predictions by detecting early indicators of quakes hidden within the planet’ s low-frequency rumbles.”可知,人工智能分析地球上的背景声音来预测地震事件。故选B。 1 2 3 4 2.What does Alexandros Savvaidis intend to show in paragraph 3?(　　) A.The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes. B.The importance of preparing for earthquakes. C.The significance of developing the AI prediction. D.The restrictions of AI-based methods in earthquake prediction. C 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中“The project marks a substantial breakthrough in the exploration of AI for anticipating seismic events...reducing both the financial burden and loss of life, and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.”可知,在第三段,Alexandros Savvaidis说明了发展人工智能预测的意义。故选C。 1 2 3 4 3.What does the subsequent research focus on?(　　) A.Conducting tests in different locations. B.Applying the AI approach to other fields. C.Building more earthquake stations in Texas. D.Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy. A 解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Although the effectiveness of this method in different regions remains uncertain”和“Their next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, where the University of Texas’ s TexNet operates a network of 300 earthquake stations and over six years’ worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes.”可知,接下来的研究重点是在不同地点进行测试。故选A。 1 2 3 4 4.Which words can best describe the earthquake-predicting technology?(　　) A.Stable but outdated. B.Effective but costly. C.Potential and economical. D.Pioneering and promising. D 1 2 3 4 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are indicating that accurate quake forecasting may be attainable, thereby casting doubt on the conventional wisdom that such an accomplishment is beyond our capabilities.”以及最后一段中的“‘That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,’ concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau’ s director.”可推知,地震预测技术具有开创性和前景。故选D。 [语境猜词] ①attainable(派) [attain v.达到,获得+ -able] ②framework(合) [frame n.框架+work n.& v.工作] ③occurrence(派) [occur v.发生,出现+-ence] adj.可以达到的,可以获得的 n.构架,结构 n.发生的事,事件;发生,出现 B 　　 (2024·浙江1月卷)On September 7,1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’ s southern suburbs.As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes ①seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their ②thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who ③farms in that area, has been ④addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr.Stienwand says,“but they’ re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” 　　The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo, North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought,” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” 　 One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” 　　Given the degree of doubt, Mr.Stienwand suggests,“it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect.⑤Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 　 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹干预计划,以及不同相关方对该计划的不同态度。 5 6 7 8 5.What does the project aim to do?(　　) A.Conserve moisture in the soil. B.Prevent the formation of hailstones. C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D.Investigate chemical use in farming. B 解析:细节理解题。 题干中的the project指的就是第一段中所提到的Alberta Hail Suppression Project,因此根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.”可知,飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体播撒一种化学物质,使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。由此可知,这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成,故选B项。 5 6 7 8 6.Who are opposed to the project?(　　) A.Farmers in east-central Alberta. B.Managers of insurance companies. C.Provincial government officials. D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. A 5 6 7 8 解析:细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“But farmers in east-central Alberta...worry that precious moisture is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知,艾伯塔省中东部的农民担心播云会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分。由此可知,这些农民是反对这个计划的,故选A项。 5 6 7 8 7.Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999?(　　) A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D.To show the link between storms and moisture. C 5 6 7 8 解析:推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell”可知,Doswell博士对播云的安全性持怀疑态度;接着他提到1999年目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的重大龙卷风;随后他又提出疑问“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind?”,怀疑播云会产生致命的风暴或是减少下风处的水分。由此可推断出,Doswell博士提到他看到的1999年的龙卷风是为了表明播云存在的风险,故选C项。 5 6 7 8 8.What can we infer from the last paragraph?(　　) A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. D 5 6 7 8 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Hence,private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.”可知,私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去,也就是这些公司会继续存在下去,故选D项。 5 6 7 8 [语境猜词] ①seed (转) 文章义: [熟义:n.种子,籽 ] ②thirsty (转)文章义: [熟义: adj.口渴的] ③farm (转) 文章义: [熟义:n.农场] ④address (转) 文章义: [熟义:n.地址]  ⑤本句中due to...为 ,其中concerning their impacts 作___ ____。 译文:____________________________________________________ __________________________ v.催(云)化雨 adj.干旱的 v.务农 v. 演说,演讲 原因状语 定 语 由于缺乏有关它们的影响方面的科学证据,没有人成功地赢得 对人工降雨公司的诉讼。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分) 　　(2024·河北石家庄教学质检二)Anytime I travel on my bicycle across the country, I’ m always amazed by how kind people can be to strangers. 　　One night, my friends and I were camping in a town in Missouri.There was a severe storm and we were getting　1　.A complete stranger came by to 　2　 us that there were tornadoes (龙卷风) heading in our way.The stranger invited us to his home.We were surprised by his 　3　 for our safety.Later we learned that there had been a lightning strike near the place where we had camped and several cattle had been 　4　.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 　　Fortunately, we spent the night in a nice dry home.We were　5　 given the opportunity to take a shower.The next morning we had breakfast with the family and 　6　 contact information.In a way we felt like the family had become a part of our journey.This was one of the most heartwarming 　7　 of my life because this family had nothing to 　8　 by being so kind to us.We were 　9　 not the type they could usually 　10　 but they treated us with respect and kindness.  　　The kindness of a stranger always　11　 my faith in humanity.Whatever the person 　12　 always comes with no strings attached and that’ s the most 　13　 part.That family 　14　 us so much that during the rest of the trip, we 　15　 others out every chance we got.We even bought food with our busking (街头卖艺) tips for the homeless.It’ s always heartwarming when giving feels as good as receiving.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友们在露营时遭遇了猛烈的暴风雨。一位好心的陌生人警告他们龙卷风即将来临,并邀请他们到他家避难。作者和朋友们在陌生人家里过夜,得到了很好的照顾。这次经历让作者增强了对人性的信心,并激发了作者和朋友们帮助他人的善举。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 1.A.annoyed　　　　B.impatient C.excited D.nervous 答案:D 解析:根据空前的“There was a severe storm”可知,因为那里有猛烈的暴风雨,所以作者他们变得紧张了。故选D。annoyed“恼怒的”;impatient“不耐烦的”;excited“兴奋的”;nervous“神经紧张的,焦虑的”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 2.A.warn B.show C.convince D.guarantee 答案:A 解析:根据下文的“there were tornadoes heading in our way”可知,一个陌生人告诉他们龙卷风正在向他们袭来,所以这个陌生人是在好心警告他们。故选A。warn“警告”;convince“使确信,使相信,使信服”;guarantee“保证,担保,保障”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 3.A.demand B.concern C.desire D.responsibility 答案:B 解析:这个陌生人告诉作者和朋友们有龙卷风在向他们袭来,并邀请他们去他家避难,所以此处指他关心作者和朋友们的安全,这让作者他们很惊讶。故选B。demand“(坚决的)要求,所需之物”;concern“(尤指许多人共同的)担心,忧虑,关心”;desire“愿望,欲望,渴望”;responsibility“责任”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 4.A.drowned B.deserted C.killed D.trapped 答案:C 解析:根据上文的“there had been a lightning strike near the place where we had camped”可知,露营地附近发生了雷击事件,所以几头牛应是被杀死了。故选C。drown“(使)淹死,溺死”;desert“抛弃,离弃,遗弃”;trap“使落入险境,使陷入困境”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 5.A.even B.merely C.often D.simply 答案:A 解析:根据空前的“we spent the night in a nice dry home”以及空后的“given the opportunity to take a shower”可知,作者和朋友们不仅受到陌生人的邀请去家里休息,而且还有机会洗澡。故选A。merely“仅仅,只不过”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 6.A.submitted B.exchanged C.checked D.updated 答案:B 解析:根据语境可知,作者以及他的朋友们和这个好心人原本是不认识的,因此此处指这次事情后他们交换了联系信息。故选B。submit“提交,呈递(文件、建议等)”;exchange“交换,交流”;check“检查,审查”;update“更新”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 7.A.experiences B.messages C.traditions D.comments 答案:A 解析:根据上文陌生人对作者和朋友们的帮助可知,在某种程度上他们觉得那家人是他们旅程中的一部分,同时这也是作者一生中最温馨的经历之一,因为这家人对他们很好却没有获得什么。故选A。experience“(一次)经历,体验”;message“信息,消息,音信”;tradition“传统,传统的信仰(或风俗)”;comment“议论,评论,解释”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 8.A.fear B.order C.gain D.offer 答案:C 解析:参见上题解析。故选C。gain“获得,得到(好处)”;offer“提供,主动提出”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 9.A.especially B.officially C.occasionally D.definitely 答案:A 解析:根据语境可知,作者和朋友们是外出露营的,与这家人互为陌生人;再根据空后的“but they treated us with respect and kindness”可知,此处是说作者和朋友们尤其不是这家人会经常交往的人,但他们被这家人待以尊重以及善良。故选A。especially“尤其,特别,格外”;officially“正式地,官方地,公开地”;occasionally“偶然,偶尔”;definitely“肯定,没问题,当然”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 10.A.ask about B.complain about C.agree with D.associate with 答案:D 解析:参见上题解析。故选D。associate with“交往”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 11.A.reveals B.shakes C.strengthens D.shapes 答案:C 解析:根据上文陌生人对作者他们的帮助和常识可知,此处指陌生人的善意增强了作者对人性的信心。故选C。reveal“揭示,显示,透露”;shake“动摇”;strengthen“增强”;shape“塑造”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 12.A.states B.wishes C.saves D.gives 答案:D 解析:根据上文可知,作者和朋友们遇到的陌生人让他们去自己家休息、洗澡并与他一家人一起吃饭,对他们展示的是尊重和善意,且并没有要求回报,所以此处指陌生人总是给予,没有附加条件。故选D。state“陈述,说明,声明”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 13.A.impressive B.practical C.satisfactory D.evident 答案:A 解析:陌生人付出却不要求回报,这是最令人敬佩的部分。故选A。impressive“令人赞叹的,令人敬佩的”;practical“切实可行的”;satisfactory“令人满意的,够好的,可以的”;evident“清楚的,显而易见的,显然的”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 14.A.funded B.inspired C.owed D.delighted 答案:B 解析:结合下文的“We even bought food with our busking tips for the homeless.”可知,在这件事情后,作者和朋友们也开始帮助他人,甚至用他们街头卖艺换来的小费给无家可归的人买吃的,所以此处指那家人深深地启发了他们,以至于他们在接下来的旅途中一有机会就帮助(help)别人。故选B。fund“为……提供资金,拨款给”;inspire“启发思考,激励,鼓舞”;owe“欠”;delight“使高兴,使愉快”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 15.A.drove B.sought C.helped D.pointed 答案:C 解析:参见上题解析。故选C。seek“寻找”。 $$